RING finger (Really Interesting New Gene) domain and U-box domain superfamily; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers: some have different Cys/His patterns while some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions (the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can indeed chelate Zn in a RING finger as well). C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type RING fingers are closely related to RING-HC fingers. In contrast, C4HC3- (RING-CH alias RINGv), C3H3C2-, C3H2C2D-, C3DHC3-, and C4HC2H-type RING fingers are more closely related to RING-H2 fingers. However, not all RING finger-containing proteins display regular RING finger features, and the RING finger family has turned out to be multifarious. The degenerate RING fingers of the Siz/PIAS RING (SP-RING) family proteins and sporulation protein RMD5, are characterized by lacking the second, fifth, and sixth Zn2+ ion-coordinating residues. They bind only one Zn2+ ion. On the other hand, the RING fingers of the human APC11 and RBX1 proteins can bind a third Zn atom since they harbor four additional Zn ligands. U-box is a modified form of the RING finger domain that lacks metal chelating Cys and His residues. It resembles the cross-brace RING structure consisting of three beta-sheets and a single alpha-helix, which would be stabilized by salt bridges instead of chelated metal ions. U-box proteins are widely distributed among eukaryotic organisms and show a higher prevalence in plants than in other organisms. RING finger/U-box-containing proteins are a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enable efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505    3 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCRHVITLSQRGLDGLK 74
Cdd:cd16753   1 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCASNESVESITAFQCPTCRYVITLNQRGLEGLK 72

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also termed midin, or midline 1 RING finger protein, or putative transcription factor XPRF, or RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRI18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. It heterodimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, the fibronectin type III domain and the SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3462505  168 SHIRGLMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSE 214
Cdd:cd19822   1 SHIRGLMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSD 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. MID1 hetero-dimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505    3 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCRHVITLSQRGLDGLK 74
Cdd:cd16753   1 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCASNESVESITAFQCPTCRYVITLNQRGLEGLK 72

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also termed midin, or midline 1 RING finger protein, or putative transcription factor XPRF, or RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRI18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. It heterodimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, the fibronectin type III domain and the SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3462505  168 SHIRGLMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSE 214
Cdd:cd19822   1 SHIRGLMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSD 47

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505      4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRilvshCATNESvesitafQCPTCRHVITLSQrgldgLKRNVTLQNII 83
Cdd:TIGR00599  23 LDTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRR-----CLSNQP-------KCPLCRAEDQESK-----LRSNWLVSEIV 85

                  ....*.
gi 3462505     84 DRFQKA 89
Cdd:TIGR00599  86 ESFKNL 91

B-box zinc finger;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    174 MCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCkLVGRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:pfam00643   5 LCPEHEEEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEEC-SVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCatnesvesitafQCPTCR 60
Cdd:COG5432  22 LDSMLRCRICDCRISIPCETTCGHTFCSLCIRRHLGTQP------------FCPVCR 66

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-1 (MID1) and similar proteins; MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. It monoubiquinates the alpha4 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), promoting proteosomal degradation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2Ac) and preventing the A and B subunits from forming an active complex. It promotes allergen and rhinovirus-induced asthma through the inhibition of PP2A activity. It is strongly upregulated in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) and directs lytic granule exocytosis and cytotoxicity of killer T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID1 lead to the human X-linked Opitz G/BBB (XLOS) syndrome characterized by defective midline development during embryogenesis. MID1 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. MID1 hetero-dimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID2.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505    3 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCRHVITLSQRGLDGLK 74
Cdd:cd16753   1 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCASNESVESITAFQCPTCRYVITLNQRGLEGLK 72

RING finger, HC subclass, found in midline-1 (MID1), midline-2 (MID2) and similar proteins; MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. MID2, also known as midin-2, midline defect 2, RING finger protein 60 (RNF60), or tripartite motif-containing protein 1 (TRIM1), associates with the microtubule network and may at least partially compensate for the loss of MID1. Both MID1 and MID2 interacts with Alpha 4, which is a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases, such as PP2A, and an integral component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. They also play a central role in the regulation of granule exocytosis. Functional redundancy exists between MID1 and MID2 in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). Both MID1 and MID2 belong to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCRH 61
Cdd:cd16575   1 LTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCASNESVESITAFQCPTCRY 54

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in midline-2 (MID2) and similar proteins; MID2, also known as midin-2, midline defect 2, RING finger protein 60 (RNF60), or tripartite motif-containing protein 1 (TRIM1), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly related to MID1, which associates with cytoplasmic microtubules along their length and throughout the cell cycle. Like MID1, MID2 associates with the microtubule network and may at least partially compensate for the loss of MID1. Both MID1 and MID2 interacts with alpha4, a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases, such as PP2A, and an integral component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. MID2 can also substitute for MID1 to control exocytosis of lytic granules in cytotoxic T cells. Loss-of-function mutations in MID2 lead to human X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). MID2 belongs to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxy-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. MID2 heterodimerizes in vitro with its paralog MID1.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3462505  115 EKVLCQFCDQDPAQDAVKTCVTCEVSYCDECLKATHPNKKPFTGHRLIEPIPD 167
Cdd:cd19837   1 ERIACQFCEQEPPRDAVKTCITCEVSYCDRCLRATHPNKKPFTSHRLVEPVPD 53

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in the midline (MID) family; The MID family includes MID1 and MID2. MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. MID2, also known as midin-2, midline defect 2, RING finger protein 60 (RNF60), or tripartite motif-containing protein 1 (TRIM1), is highly related to MID1. It associates with the microtubule network and may at least partially compensate for the loss of MID1. Both MID1 and MID2 interacts with alpha4, a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases, such as PP2A, and an integral component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. They also play a central role in the regulation of granule exocytosis, and functional redundancy exists between MID1 and MID2 in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). Both MID1 and MID2 belong to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505  116 KVLCQFCDQDPAQDAVKTCVTCEVSYCDECLKATHPNKKPFTGHRLIEP 164
Cdd:cd19801   1 LVPCDVCEKEPPRKAVKTCLTCEVSYCKRCLEATHPNRGPFATHRLVEP 49

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in midline (MID) family; The MID family includes MID1 and MID2. MID1, also known as midin, midline 1 RING finger protein, putative transcription factor XPRF, RING finger protein 59 (RNF59), or tripartite motif-containing protein 18 (TRIM18), is a microtubule-associated E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase implicated in epithelial-mesenchymal differentiation, cell migration and adhesion, and programmed cell death along specific regions of the ventral midline during embryogenesis. MID2, also known as midin-2, midline defect 2, RING finger protein 60 (RNF60), or tripartite motif-containing protein 1 (TRIM1), is highly related to MID1. It associates with the microtubule network and may at least partially compensate for the loss of MID1. Both MID1 and MID2 interacts with Alpha 4, which is a regulatory subunit of PP2-type phosphatases, such as PP2A, and an integral component of the rapamycin-sensitive signaling pathway. They also play a central role in the regulation of granule exocytosis, and functional redundancy exists between MID1 and MID2 in cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL). Both MID1 and MID2 belong to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505  173 LMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:cd19758   1 LMCSEHEEEKVNMYCLTDDQLICSLCKLVGKHKDHEVAAL 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM25 and similar proteins; TRIM25, also known as estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), RING finger protein 147 (RNF147), or RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase, is an E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase that is induced by estrogen and is therefore particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. TRIM25 regulates various cellular processes through E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, transferring ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. It mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) that is crucial for downstream antiviral interferon signaling. It is also required for melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS, also known as IPS-1, VISA, Cardiff) mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and interferon production. Upon UV irradiation, TRIM25 interacts with mono-ubiquitinated PCNA and promotes its ISG15 modification (ISGylation), suggesting a crucial role in termination of error-prone translesion DNA synthesis. TRIM25 also functions as a novel regulator of p53 and Mdm2. It enhances p53 and Mdm2 abundance by inhibiting their ubiquitination and degradation in 26S proteasomes. Meanwhile, it inhibits p53's transcriptional activity and dampens the response to DNA damage, and is essential for medaka development and this dependence is rescued by silencing of p53. Moreover, TRIM25 is involved in the host cellular innate immune response against retroviral infection. It interferes with the late stage of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) replication. Furthermore, TRIM25 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer. Its blockade by RNA interference inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells through transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling, suggesting it presents a novel target for the detection and treatment of gastric cancer. In addition, TRIM25 acts as an RNA-specific activator for Lin28a/TuT4-mediated uridylation. TRIM25 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAhrilvshCATNESVESITAFqCPTCRHVITLSQRgldgLKRNVTLQNII 83
Cdd:cd16597   2 LEEELTCSICLELFKDPVTLPCGHNFCGVCI-------EKTWDSQHGSEYS-CPQCRATFPRRPE----LHKNTVLRNIV 69

                ..
gi 3462505   84 DR 85
Cdd:cd16597  70 EQ 71

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 9 (TRIM9) and similar proteins; TRIM9, human ortholog of rat Spring, also known as RING finger protein 91 (RNF91), is a brain-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase collaborating with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBCH5b. TRIM9 plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal functions and participates in the neurodegenerative disorders through its ligase activity. It interacts with the WD repeat region of beta-transducin repeat-containing protein (beta-TrCP) through its N-terminal degron motif depending on the phosphorylation status, and thus negatively regulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation in the NF-kappaB pro-inflammatory signaling pathway. Moreover, TRIM9 acts as a critical catalytic link between Netrin-1 and the exocytic soluble NSF attachment receptor protein (SNARE) machinery in murine cortical neurons. It promotes SNARE-mediated vesicle fusion and axon branching in a Netrin-dependent manner. TRIM9 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 3462505    5 ESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVShcaTNESVESITAFQCPTC 59
Cdd:cd16755   1 EEELKCPVCGSFYREPIILPCSHNLCLACARNILVQ---TPEAESPQSCLTCPQC 52

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 36 (TRIM36) and similar proteins; TRIM36, human ortholog of mouse Haprin, also known as RING finger protein 98 (RNF98) or zinc-binding protein Rbcc728, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in the germ plasm. It has been implicated in acrosome reaction, fertilization, and embryogenesis, as well as in carcinogenesis. TRIM36 functions upstream of Wnt/beta-catenin activation, and plays a role in controlling the stability of proteins regulating microtubule polymerization during cortical rotation, and subsequently dorsal axis formation. It is also potentially associated with chromosome segregation through interacting with the kinetochore protein centromere protein-H (CENP-H), and colocalizing with the microtubule protein alpha-tubulin. Its overexpression may cause chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis. It is, thus, a novel regulator affecting cell cycle progression. Moreover, TRIM36 plays a critical role in the arrangement of somites during embryogenesis. TRIM36 belongs to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3462505  173 LMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSERY 216
Cdd:cd19778   1 LMCPEHEMEKVNMYCEACRRPVCHLCKLGGSHANHRVTSMSSAY 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 59 (TRIM59) and similar proteins; TRIM59, also known as RING finger protein 104 (RNF104) or tumor suppressor TSBF-1, is a putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that functions as a novel multiple cancer biomarker for immunohistochemical detection of early tumorigenesis. It is upregulated in gastric cancer and promotes gastric carcinogenesis by interacting with and targeting the P53 tumor suppressor for its ubiquitination and degradation. It also acts as a novel accessory molecule involved in cytotoxicity of BCG-activated macrophages (BAM). Moreover, TRIM59 may serve as a multifunctional regulator for innate immune signaling pathways. It interacts with ECSIT and negatively regulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) and interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-3/7-mediated signal pathways. TRIM59 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region. In addition, TRIM59 contains a C-terminal transmembrane domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3462505    5 ESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILvsHCATNESVESITAF--QCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16763   1 EEDLTCSVCYSLFEDPRVLPCSHTFCRNCLENIL--QVSGNFSIWRPLRPplKCPNCR 56

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM4 and similar proteins; TRIM4 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM4, also known as RING finger protein 87 (RNF87), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that has recently evolved and is present only in higher mammals. It transiently interacts with mitochondria, induces mitochondrial aggregation and sensitizes the cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) induced death. Its interaction with peroxiredoxin 1 (PRX1) is critical for the regulation of H2O2 induced cell death. Moreover, TRIM4 functions as a positive regulator of RIG-I-mediated type I interferon induction. It regulates the K63-linked ubiquitination of RIG-1 and assembly of antiviral signaling complex at the mitochondria.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505    2 ETLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRilvshcatnESVESITAFQCPTCRH 61
Cdd:cd16590   1 EDIQEELTCPICLDYFQDPVSIECGHNFCRGCLHR---------NWAPGGGPFPCPECRH 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF-1) and similar proteins; MuRF-1, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 63 (TRIM63), RING finger protein 28 (RNF28), iris RING finger protein, or striated muscle RING zinc finger, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. It is predominantly fast (type II) fibre-associated in skeletal muscle and can bind to many myofibrillar proteins, including titin, nebulin, the nebulin-related protein NRAP, troponin-I (TnI), troponin-T (TnT), myosin light chain 2 (MLC-2), myotilin, and T-cap. The early and robust upregulation of MuRF-1 is triggered by disuse, denervation, starvation, sepsis, or steroid administration resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy. It also plays a role in maintaining titin M-line integrity. It associates with the periphery of the M-line lattice and may be involved in the regulation of the titin kinase domain. It also participates in muscle stress response pathways and gene expression. MuRF-1 belongs to the C-II subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain. It also harbors a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3462505    5 ESELTCPICLELFEDP-LLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVS---HCATNESVESITA--FQCPTCRH 61
Cdd:cd16759   1 EKQLICPICLEMFTKPvVILPCQHNLCRKCANDIFQAanpYWQSRGTSMLGSGgrFRCPSCRH 63

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 36 (TRIM36) and similar proteins; TRIM36, the human ortholog of mouse Haprin, also known as RING finger protein 98 (RNF98) or zinc-binding protein Rbcc728, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in the germ plasm. It has been implicated in acrosome reaction, fertilization, and embryogenesis, as well as in carcinogenesis. TRIM36 functions upstream of Wnt/beta-catenin activation, and plays a role in controlling the stability of proteins regulating microtubule polymerization during cortical rotation, and subsequently dorsal axis formation. It is also potentially associated with chromosome segregation by interacting with the kinetochore protein centromere protein-H (CENP-H), and colocalizing with the microtubule protein alpha-tubulin. Its overexpression may cause chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis. It is, thus, a novel regulator affecting cell cycle progression. Moreover, TRIM36 plays a critical role in the arrangement of somites during embryogenesis. TRIM36 belongs to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, a PRY domain and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 3462505    5 ESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILvshcatnesvesiTAFQCPTCRHVITL 65
Cdd:cd16756   1 ERELICPSCKELFTHPLILPCQHSVCHKCVKELL-------------TTFPCPGCQHDVDL 48

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in muscle-specific RING finger protein (MuRF) family; This family corresponds to a group of striated muscle-specific tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM63/MuRF-1, TRIM55/MuRF-2, and TRIM54/MuRF-3, which function as E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. They are tightly developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle and associate with different cytoskeleton components, such as microtubules, Z-disks and M-bands, as well as with metabolic enzymes and nuclear proteins. They also cooperate with diverse proteins implicated in selective protein degradation by the proteasome and autophagosome, and target proteins of metabolic regulation, sarcomere assembly and transcriptional regulation. Moreover, MURFs display variable fibre-type preferences. TRIM63/MuRF-1 is predominantly fast (type II) fibre-associated in skeletal muscle. TRIM55/MuRF-2 is predominantly slow-fibre associated. TRIM54/MuRF-3 is ubiquitously present. They play an active role in microtubule-mediated sarcomere assembly. MuRFs belong to the C-II subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. They also harbor a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505  174 MCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:cd19788   1 MCEEHEEEKINIYCLTCEVPTCSMCKVFGAHKDCEVAPL 39

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in muscle-specific RING finger protein 3 (MuRF-3) and similar proteins; MuRF-3, also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 54 (TRIM54), or RING finger protein 30 (RNF30), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. It is ubiquitously detected in all fibre types, and is developmentally upregulated, associates with microtubules, the sarcomeric M-line and Z-line, and is required for microtubule stability and myogenesis. It associates with glutamylated microtubules during skeletal muscle development, and is required for skeletal myoblast differentiation and development of cellular microtubular networks. MuRF-3 controls the degradation of four-and-a-half LIM domain (FHL2) and gamma-filamin and is required for maintenance of ventricular integrity after myocardial infarction (MI). MuRF-3 belongs to the C-II subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain. It also harbors a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505  173 LMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:cd19833   1 LMCEEHEEEKINIYCLSCEVPTCSLCKVFGAHKDCEVAPL 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, and similar proteins; TRIM7, TRIM11 and TRIM27, closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM7, also known as glycogenin-interacting protein (GNIP) or RING finger protein 90 (RNF90), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates c-Jun/AP-1 activation by Ras signalling. Its phosphorylation and activation by MSK1 in response to direct activation by the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway can stimulate TRIM7 E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in mediating Lys63-linked ubiquitination of the AP-1 coactivator RACO-1, leading to RACO-1 protein stabilization. Moreover, TRIM7 binds and activates glycogenin, the self-glucosylating initiator of glycogen biosynthesis. TRIM11, also known as protein BIA1, or RING finger protein 92 (RNF92), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase involved in the development of the central nervous system. It is overexpressed in high-grade gliomas and promotes proliferation, invasion, migration and glial tumor growth. TRIM11 acts as a potential therapeutic target for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) by mediating the degradation of CCHS-associated polyalanine-expanded Phox2b. TRIM11 modulates the function of neurogenic transcription factor Pax6 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system, and thus plays an essential role for Pax6-dependent neurogenesis. It also binds to and destabilizes a key component of the activator-mediated cofactor complex (ARC105), humanin, a neuroprotective peptide against Alzheimer's disease-relevant insults, and further regulates ARC105 function in transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) signaling. Moreover, TRIM11 negatively regulates retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-mediated interferon-beta (IFNbeta) production and antiviral activity by targeting TANK-binding kinase-1 (TBK1). It may contribute to the endogenous restriction of retroviruses in cells. It enhances N-tropic murine leukemia virus (N-MLV) entry by interfering with Ref1 restriction. It also suppresses the early steps of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 transduction, resulting in decreased reverse transcripts. TRIM27, also known as RING finger protein 76 (RNF76), RET finger protein (RFP), or zinc finger protein RFP, is a nuclear E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is highly expressed in testis and in various tumor cell lines. Expression of TRIM27 is associated with prognosis of colon and endometrial cancers. TRIM27 was first identified as a fusion partner of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase. It functions as a transcriptional repressor and associates with several proteins involved in transcriptional activity, such as enhancer of polycomb 1 (Epc1), a member of the Polycomb group proteins, and Mi-2beta, a main component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex, and the cell cycle regulator retinoblastoma protein (RB1). It also interacts with HDAC1, leading to downregulation of thioredoxin binding protein 2 (TBP-2), which inhibits the function of thioredoxin. Moreover, TRIM27 mediates Pax7-induced ubiquitination of MyoD in skeletal muscle atrophy. In addition, it inhibits muscle differentiation by modulating serum response factor (SRF) and Epc1. TRIM27 promotes a non-canonical polyubiquitination of PTEN, a lipid phosphatase that catalyzes PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PtdIns(4,5)P2 (PIP2). It is an IKKepsilon-interacting protein that regulates IkappaB kinase (IKK) function and negatively regulates signaling involved in the antiviral response and inflammation. TRIM27 also forms a protein complex with MBD4 or MBD2 or MBD3, and thus plays an important role in the enhancement of transcriptional repression through MBD proteins in tumorigenesis, spermatogenesis, and embryogenesis. It is a component of an estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) regulatory complex that is involved in estrogen receptor-mediated transcription in MCF-7 cells.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3462505    3 TLESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCahrilVSHCATnesvESITAFQCPTCRHVITLSQR 68
Cdd:cd16594   1 SLQEELTCPICLDYFTDPVTLDCGHSFCRAC-----IARCWE----EPETSASCPQCRETCPQRNL 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in muscle-specific RING finger proteins TRIM63/MuRF-1, TRIM55/MuRF-2 and TRIM54/MuRF-3; This subfamily corresponds to a group of striated muscle-specific tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins, including TRIM63/MuRF-1, TRIM55/MuRF-2, and TRIM54/MuRF-3, which function as E3 ubiquitin ligases in ubiquitin-mediated muscle protein turnover. They are tightly developmentally regulated in skeletal muscle and associate with different cytoskeleton components, such as microtubules, Z-disks and M-bands, as well as with metabolic enzymes and nuclear proteins. They also cooperate with diverse proteins implicated in selective protein degradation by the proteasome and autophagosome, and target proteins of metabolic regulation, sarcomere assembly and transcriptional regulation. Moreover, MURFs display variable fibre-type preferences. TRIM63/MuRF-1 is predominantly fast (type II) fibre-associated in skeletal muscle. TRIM55/MuRF-2 is predominantly slow-fibre associated. TRIM54/MuRF-3 is ubiquitously present. They play an active role in microtubule-mediated sarcomere assembly. MuRFs belong to the C-II subclass of the TRIM family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, and an acidic residue-rich (AR) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. They also harbor a MURF family-specific conserved box (MFC) between its RING-HC finger and Bbox domains.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFEDP-LLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSH--CATNESVESITAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16577   1 LICPICLEMFTKPvVILPCQHNLCRKCANDIFQARnpYWPTTTMGSGGRFRCPSCR 56

B-Box-type zinc finger;

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505     171 RGLMCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVgRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:smart00336   2 RAPKCDSHGDEPAEFFCEECGALLCRTCDEA-EHRGHTVVLL 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9, TRIM67, and similar proteins; Tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM9 and TRIM67 belong to the C-I subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, consisting of three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM9 (the human ortholog of rat Spring), also known as RING finger protein 91 (RNF91), is a brain-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase collaborating with an E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBCH5b. TRIM9 plays an important role in the regulation of neuronal functions and participates in neurodegenerative disorders through its ligase activity. TRIM67, also known as TRIM9-like protein (TNL), is a protein selectively expressed in the cerebellum. It interacts with PRG-1, an important molecule in the control of hippocampal excitability dependent on presynaptic LPA2 receptor signaling, and 80K-H, also known as glucosidase II beta, a protein kinase C substrate.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3462505    5 ESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVS 40
Cdd:cd16576   1 EEELKCPVCGSLFTEPVILPCSHNLCLGCALNIQLT 36

DNA repair protein rad18; All proteins in this family for which functions are known are involved in nucleotide excision repair.This family is based on the phylogenomic analysis of JA Eisen (1999, Ph.D. Thesis, Stanford University). [DNA metabolism, DNA replication, recombination, and repair]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505      4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRilvshCATNESvesitafQCPTCRHVITLSQrgldgLKRNVTLQNII 83
Cdd:TIGR00599  23 LDTSLRCHICKDFFDVPVLTSCSHTFCSLCIRR-----CLSNQP-------KCPLCRAEDQESK-----LRSNWLVSEIV 85

                  ....*.
gi 3462505     84 DRFQKA 89
Cdd:TIGR00599  86 ESFKNL 91

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 39 (RNF39) and similar proteins; RNF39, also called protein HZFw, may play a role in prolonged long term-potentiation (LTP) maintenance. It is involved in the etiology of Behcet's disease (BD). It may also be involved in HIV-1 replication. RNF39 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase that inhibits retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) pathways by mediating K48-linked ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of DDX3X (DEAD-box RNA helicase 3, X-linked). RNF39 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50        60
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRilvsHCATN-ESVESITAFQCPTCRHVI 63
Cdd:cd16592   1 LQEETTCPICLGYFKDPVILDCEHSFCRACIAR----HWGQEaMEGNGAEGVFCPQCGEPC 57

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILvshcatnesveSITAFQCPTC 59
Cdd:cd16449   1 LECPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLL-----------ESGSIKCPIC 41

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 42 (TRIM42) and similar proteins; TRIM42 belongs to the C-III subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain. It also has a novel cysteine-rich motif N-terminal to the RBCC domain, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box and a fibronectin type-III (FN3) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TRIM42 can interact with TRIM27, a known cancer-associated protein. Its precise biological function remains unclear.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 3462505  117 VLCQFCDQDpAQDAVKTCVTCEVSYCDECLKATHPNKKpFTGHRLIEP 164
Cdd:cd19808   2 IFCQICTQK-RESAVKRCITCRLNLCNKCLRKLHGNKA-FQDHILTDP 47

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM36, TRIM46 and similar proteins; The family includes tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM36 and TRIM46, both of which belong to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TRIM36, the human ortholog of mouse Haprin, also known as RING finger protein 98 (RNF98) or zinc-binding protein Rbcc728, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase expressed in the germ plasm. It has been implicated in acrosome reaction, fertilization, and embryogenesis, as well as in carcinogenesis. TRIM36 functions upstream of Wnt/beta-catenin activation, and plays a role in controlling the stability of proteins regulating microtubule polymerization during cortical rotation, and subsequent dorsal axis formation. It is also potentially associated with chromosome segregation by interacting with the kinetochore protein centromere protein-H (CENP-H), and colocalizing with the microtubule protein alpha-tubulin. Its overexpression may cause chromosomal instability and carcinogenesis. It is, thus, a novel regulator affecting cell cycle progression. Moreover, TRIM36 plays a critical role in the arrangement of somites during embryogenesis. TRIM46, also known as gene Y protein (GeneY) or tripartite, fibronectin type-III and C-terminal SPRY motif protein (TRIFIC), is a microtubule-associated protein that specifically localizes to the proximal axon, partly overlaps with the axon initial segment (AIS) at later stages, and organizes uniform microtubule orientation in axons. It controls neuronal polarity and axon specification by driving the formation of parallel microtubule arrays.

                        10        20        30
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 3462505  117 VLCQFCdQDPAQDAVKTCVTCEVSYCDECLKATHP 151
Cdd:cd19807   2 IKCQLC-KPPPQEATKSCADCVASFCNECFKVVHP 35

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 14 (TRIM14) and similar proteins; TRIM14 is a mitochondrial adaptor that facilitates innate immune signaling. It also plays a critical role in tumor development. TRIM14 belongs to an unclassified TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that do not have RING fingers and thus lack the characteristic tripartite (RING (R), B-box, and coiled coil (CC)) RBCC motif. It contains a Bbox2 zinc finger as well as a C-terminal SPRY/B30.2 domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

                        10        20        30        40
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505  175 CLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSERY 216
Cdd:cd19768   3 CPEHKDRPLELFCKTCKRCVCALCPILGQHRGHDVRLIDEEA 44

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RMA2; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505     7 ELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVshcATNESVESITAF-------QCPTCRHVITlsqrgldglkrNVTL 79
Cdd:PLN03208  18 DFDCNICLDQVRDPVVTLCGHLFCWPCIHKWTY---ASNNSRQRVDQYdhkreppKCPVCKSDVS-----------EATL 83

                         90
                 ....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    80 QNIIDRFQKASVSGPNSPS 98
Cdd:PLN03208  84 VPIYGRGQKAPQSGSNVPS 102

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM17 and similar proteins; TRIM17, also known as RING finger protein 16 (RNF16) or testis RING finger protein (Terf), is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase that is necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis and contributes to Mcl-1 ubiquitination in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). It interacts in a SUMO-dependent manner with nuclear factor of activated T cell NFATc3 transcription factor, and thus inhibits the activity of NFATc3 by preventing its nuclear localization. In contrast, it binds to and inhibits NFATc4 transcription factor in a SUMO-independent manner. Moreover, TRIM17 stimulates degradation of kinetochore protein ZW10 interacting protein (ZWINT), a known component of the kinetochore complex required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and negatively regulates cell proliferation. TRIM17 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCRHV 62
Cdd:cd16595   2 LQEEATCSICLDYFTDPVMTTCGHNFCRACIQLSWEKARGKKGRRKQKGSFPCPECREM 60

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 222 (RNF222) and similar proteins; RNF222 is an uncharacterized C3HC4-type RING-HC finger-containing protein. It may function as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    9 TCPICLELFED-PLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHcatnesvesitAFQCPTCRHVITLS 66
Cdd:cd16564   2 ECPVCYEDFDDaPRILSCGHSFCEDCLVKQLVSM-----------TISCPICRRVTFIS 49

RING finger, HC subclass, found in constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1) and similar proteins; COP1, also known as RING finger and WD repeat domain protein 2 (RFWD2) or RING finger protein 200 (RNF200), is a central regulator of photomorphogenic development in plants, which targets key transcription factors for proteasome-dependent degradation. It is localized predominantly in the nucleus, but may also be present in the cytosol. Mammalian COP1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that interacts with Jun transcription factors and modulates their transcriptional activity. It also interacts with and negatively regulates the tumor-suppressor protein p53. Moreover, COP1 associates with COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6), and is involved in 14-3-3sigma ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The CSN6-COP1 link enhances ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27(Kip1), a critical CDK inhibitor involved in cell cycle regulation, to promote cancer cell growth. Furthermore, COP1 functions as the negative regulator of ETV1 and influences prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer. COP1 contains an N-terminal extension, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a coiled coil domain, and seven WD40 repeats. In human COP1, a classic leucine-rich NES, and a novel bipartite NLS is bridged by the RING-HC finger.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    6 SELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVshcatnesvesiTAFQCPTCRHVIT 64
Cdd:cd16504   1 NDFLCPICFDIIKEAFVTKCGHSFCYKCIVKHLE------------QKNRCPKCNFYLT 47

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 32 (TRIM32) and similar proteins; TRIM32, also known as 72 kDa Tat-interacting protein, zinc finger protein HT2A, or BBS11, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes degradation of several targets, including actin, PIASgamma, Abl interactor 2, dysbindin, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), p73 transcription factor, thin filaments and Z-bands during fasting. It plays important roles in neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells, as well as in controlling cell fate in skeletal muscle progenitor cells. It reduces PI3K-Akt-FoxO signaling in muscle atrophy by promoting plakoglobin-PI3K dissociation. It also functions as a pluripotency-reprogramming roadblock that facilitates cellular transition towards differentiation by modulating the levels of Oct4 and cMyc. Moreover, TRIM32 is an intrinsic influenza A virus (IAV) restriction factor which senses and targets the polymerase basic protein 1 (PB1) for ubiquitination and protein degradation. It also plays a significant role in mediating the biological activity of the HIV-1 Tat protein in vivo, binds specifically to the activation domain of HIV-1 Tat, and can also interact with the HIV-2 and EIAV Tat proteins in vivo. Furthermore, TRIM32 regulates myoblast proliferation by controlling turnover of NDRG2 (N-myc downstream-regulated gene). It negatively regulates tumor suppressor p53 to promote tumorigenesis. It also facilitates degradation of MYCN on spindle poles and induces asymmetric cell division in human neuroblastoma cells. In addition, TRIM32 plays important roles in regulation of hyperactivities and positively regulates the development of anxiety and depression disorders induced by chronic stress. It also plays a role in regeneration by affecting satellite cell cycle progression via modulation of the SUMO ligase PIASy (PIAS4). Defects in TRIM32 leads to limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2H (LGMD2H), sarcotubular myopathies (STM) and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. TRIM32 belongs to the C-VII subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family that is defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as a NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The NHL domain mediates the interaction with Argonaute proteins and consequently allows TRIM32 to modulate the activity of certain miRNAs.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFED----PLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVShcatnesvESITAFQCPTCRHV 62
Cdd:cd16587   1 LECPICLESFDEgqlrPKLLHCGHTICEQCLEKLLAS--------LSINGVRCPFCRKV 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 26 (TRIM26) and similar proteins; TRIM26, also known as acid finger protein (AFP), RING finger protein 95 (RNF95), or zinc finger protein 173 (ZNF173), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates interferon-beta production and antiviral response through polyubiquitination and degradation of nuclear transcription factor IRF3. It functions as an important regulator for RNA virus-triggered innate immune response by bridging TBK1 to NEMO (NF-kappaB essential modulator, also known as IKKgamma) and mediating TBK1 activation. It also acts as a novel tumor suppressor of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating cancer cell proliferation, colony forming ability, migration, and invasion. TRIM26 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCahriLVSHCATNESVEsitAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16598   1 LEEEVTCSICLDYLRDPVTIDCGHNFCRSC----ITDYCPISGGHE---RPVCPLCR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Caenorhabditis elegans RING finger protein NHL-1 and similar proteins; NHL-1 functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase in the presence of both UBC-13 and UBC-1 within the ubiquitin pathway of Caenorhabditis elegans. It acts in chemosensory neurons to promote stress resistance in distal tissues by the transcription factor DAF-16 activation but is dispensable for the activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF-1). NHL-1 belongs to the TRIM (tripartite motif)-NHL family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an NHL (named after proteins NCL-1, HT2A and Lin-41 that contain repeats folded into a six-bladed beta propeller) repeat domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFncahrilvSHCATNESVESITAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16524   2 IEQLLTCPICLDRYRRPKLLPCQHTFCL--------SPCLEGLVDYVTRKLKCPECR 50

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana proteolysis 1 protein (PRT1) and similar proteins; PRT1, also called RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase PRT1, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. It functions in the N-end rule pathway of protein degradation, where it specifically recognizes and ubiquitinates proteins with an N-terminal bulky aromatic amino acid (Phe). It does not act on aliphatic hydrophobic and basic N-terminal residues (Arg or Leu) containing proteins. PRT1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505    7 ELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRIL----VSHC 42
Cdd:cd23132   2 EFLCCICLDLLYKPVVLECGHVFCFWCVHRCMngydESHC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCahrilvshcaTNESVESITAFQCPTCRHV 62
Cdd:cd16608   3 LKDELLCSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQC----------ITEHWSRSEHRDCPECRRT 51

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Arabidopsis thaliana BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (AtBARD1) and similar proteins; AtBARD1, also called protein REPRESSOR OF WUSCHEL 1, binds specifically to H3K4me3 regions of target gene (e.g. WUS and WOX5) promoters to repress their transcription via chromatin remodeling. It is required for the shoot apical meristem (SAM) organization and maintenance, by confining WUS expression to the organizing center, and for the quiescent center (QC) development in the root apical meristem (RAM), by repressing WOX5 expression in the root proximal meristem. AtBARD1 plays a role in DNA repair and in cell-cycle control. It is required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), both natural and induced by genotoxic stress, by homologous recombination (HR). AtBARD1 contains a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAH 35
Cdd:cd23146   1 MELELKCPICLKLLNRPVLLPCDHIFCSSCIT 32

RING finger, HC subclass, found in promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and similar proteins; Protein PML, also known as RING finger protein 71 (RNF71) or tripartite motif-containing protein 19 (TRIM19), is predominantly a nuclear protein with a broad intrinsic antiviral activity. It is the eponymous component of PML nuclear bodies (PML NBs) and has been implicated in a wide variety of cell processes, including DNA damage signaling, apoptosis, and transcription. PML interferes with the replication of many unrelated viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), human foamy virus (HFV), poliovirus, influenza virus, rabies virus, EMCV, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). It also selectively interacts with misfolded proteins through distinct substrate recognition sites and conjugates these proteins with the small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) through its SUMO ligase activity. PML belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHrilvshcATNESVESITAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16579   5 LRCPGCKAEYKCPKLLPCLHTVCSGCLE-------ALAEQASETTEFQCPICK 50

B-box-type 2 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing protein 46 (TRIM46) and similar proteins; TRIM46, also known as gene Y protein (GeneY) or tripartite, fibronectin type-III and C-terminal SPRY motif protein (TRIFIC), is a microtubule-associated protein that specifically localizes to the proximal axon, partly overlaps with the axon initial segment (AIS) at later stages, and organizes uniform microtubule orientation in axons. It controls neuronal polarity and axon specification by driving the formation of parallel microtubule arrays. TRIM46 belongs to the C-I subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins, which are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a COS (carboxyl-terminal subgroup one signature) box, a fibronectin type III (FN3) domain, and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 2 B-box (Bbox2) zinc finger is characterized by a CHC3H2 zinc-binding consensus motif.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 3462505  171 RGLMCLEHeDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCKLVGRHRDHQVAALSERY 216
Cdd:cd19786   1 KGLMCPEH-KEEVTHYCKTCQRLVCQLCRVRRTHAGHKITPVLSAY 45

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 35 (TRIM35) and similar proteins; TRIM35, also known as hemopoietic lineage switch protein 5 (HLS5), is a putative hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suppressor that inhibits phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase isoform M2 (PKM2), which is involved in aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells and further suppresses the Warburg effect and tumorigenicity in HCC. It also negatively regulates Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-mediated type I interferon production by suppressing the stability of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7). Moreover, TRIM35 regulates erythroid differentiation by modulating globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) activity. TRIM35 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505    4 LESELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRilvshcatneSVESITAFQCPTCRHVITlsqrgLDGLKRNVTLQNII 83
Cdd:cd16599   1 FKEELLCPICYEPFREAVTLRCGHNFCKGCVSR----------SWERQPRAPCPVCKEASS-----SDDLRTNHTLNNLV 65

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 169 (RNF169) and similar proteins; RNF169 is an uncharacterized E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase paralogous to RNF168. It functions as a negative regulator of the DNA damage signaling cascade. RNF169 recognizes polyubiquitin structures but does not itself contribute to double-strand break (DSB)-induced chromatin ubiquitylation. It contributes to regulation of the DSB repair pathway utilization via functionally competing with recruiting repair factors, 53BP1 and RAP80-BRCA1, for association with RNF168-modified chromatin independent of its catalytic activity, limiting the magnitude of the RNF8/RNF168-dependent signaling response to DSBs. RNF169 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and a C-terminal MIU (motif interacting with ubiquitin) domain.

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gi 3462505    7 ELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRILVSHCAtnesvesitAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16551   1 ELTCAGCLEVPVEPATLPCGHTLCRGCANRALDAAEA---------GPTCPRCR 45

B-box zinc finger;

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 3462505    174 MCLEHEDEKVNMYCVTDDQLICALCkLVGRHRDHQVAAL 212
Cdd:pfam00643   5 LCPEHEEEPLTLYCNDCQELLCEEC-SVGEHRGHTVVPL 42

B-box-type 1 zinc finger found in tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM25, TRIM47 and similar proteins; The family includes tripartite motif-containing proteins, TRIM25 and TRIM47, both of which belong to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a RING finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The type 1 B-box (Bbox1) zinc finger is characterized by a C6H2 zinc-binding consensus motif. TRIM25, also termed estrogen-responsive finger protein (EFP), or ubiquitin/ISG15-conjugating enzyme TRIM25, or zinc finger protein 147 (ZNF147), or E3 ubiquitin/ISG15 ligase TRIM25, is induced by estrogen and is particularly abundant in placenta and uterus. It has been implicated in cell proliferation, protein modification, and the retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I)-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. It functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase able to transfer ubiquitin and ISG15 to target proteins. TRIM47, also known as gene overexpressed in astrocytoma protein (GOA) or RING finger protein 100 (RNF100), plays an important role in the process of dedifferentiation that is associated with astrocytoma tumorigenesis.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 3462505  118 LCQFCdQDPAQDAVKTCVTCEVSYCDECLKAtHPNKKPFTGHRLIEPIPD 167
Cdd:cd19842   1 LCDLC-LGRELAAAKTCLTCLASFCPEHLEP-HLSSPAFRSHRLCPPERD 48

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 114 (RNF114) and similar proteins; RNF114, also known as zinc finger protein 228 (ZNF228) or zinc finger protein 313 (ZNF313), is a p21(WAF1)-targeting ubiquitin E3 ligase that interacts with X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP)-associated factor 1 (XAF1) and may play a role in p53-mediated cell-fate decisions. It is involved in the immune response to double-stranded RNA in disease pathogenesis. Moreover, RNF114 interacts with A20 and modulates its ubiquitylation. It negatively regulates nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB)-dependent transcription and positively regulates T-cell activation. RNF114 may play a putative role in the regulation of immune responses, since it corresponds to a novel psoriasis susceptibility gene, ZNF313. RNF114, together with three closely related proteins: RNF125, RNF138 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 3462505    8 LTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCAHRIL 38
Cdd:cd16540   2 FTCPVCLEIFETPVRVPCGHVFCNACLQECL 32

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM58 and similar proteins; TRIM58, also known as protein BIA2, is an erythroid E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase induced during late erythropoiesis. It binds and ubiquitinates the intermediate chain of the microtubule motor dynein (DYNC1LI1/DYNC1LI2), stimulating the degradation of the dynein holoprotein complex. It may participate in the erythroblast enucleation process through regulation of nuclear polarization. TRIM58 belongs to the C-IV subclass of TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

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                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 3462505    7 ELTCPICLELFEDPLLLPCAHSLCFNCahriLVSHCATNESVESiTAFQCPTCR 60
Cdd:cd16606   2 EARCPVCLDFLQEPVSVDCGHSFCLRC----ISEFCEKSDSAQG-GVYACPQCR 50