Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family; Family members are active as disulphide-linked homo- or heterodimers. TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230     1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYEN-GKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGCH 67
Cdd:smart00204  35 PFPLSTSLNATNHAIVQTLVHLLGPNPVPKPCCVPTKLSPLSMLYYDDdGNVVLRNYPNMVVEECGCR 102

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family; Family members are active as disulphide-linked homo- or heterodimers. TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230     1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYEN-GKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGCH 67
Cdd:smart00204  35 PFPLSTSLNATNHAIVQTLVHLLGPNPVPKPCCVPTKLSPLSMLYYDDdGNVVLRNYPNMVVEECGCR 102

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in embryonic growth/differentiation factor 1 (GDF1), factor 3 (GDF3) and similar proteins; The family includes GDF-1 and GDF-3. GDF1 may mediate cell differentiation events during embryonic development. GDF3 is a growth factor involved in early embryonic development and adipose-tissue homeostasis. The family also contains protein DVR-1, also termed vegetal hemisphere VG1 protein (VG-1), which serves to facilitate the differentiation of either mesoderm or endoderm either as a cofactor in an instructive signal or by providing permissive environment.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 284927230   1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENG-KMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13764   35 PFPLTESLNGTNHAILQTLVHSVDPEGTPQPCCVPTRLSPISMLYYDNNdNVVLRHYEDMVVDECGC 101

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in the BMP/GDF family; The BMP/GDF family consists of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) and similar proteins. BMPs are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. They induce the formation of bone and cartilage and functions as pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout the body. GDFs have functions predominantly in development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230   1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPD-RVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13756   35 PFPLSSHANATNHAILQALLHSLNPKkSVPKPCCVPTKYSPLSVLYYdEDGNVVLKTYPDMVVEECGC 102

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic proteins BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7, BMP-8A/B and similar proteins; The family includes BMP-5, BMP-6, BMP-7 and BMP-8A/B, which may induce cartilage and bone formation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230   1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGCH 67
Cdd:cd13761   36 SFPLNSHMNATNHAIVQTLVHLMNPNRVPKPCCAPTKLSPISVLYYdDNSNVVLKKYKNMVVESCGCH 103

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP-8A), 8B (BMP-8B) and similar proteins; BMP-8A plays a role in the maintenance of spermatogenesis and the integrity of the epididymis. BMP-8B, also termed BMP-8, or osteogenic protein 2 (OP-2), may act as secreted factor in cancer progression. It also plays an essential role in bone metabolism and can regulate thermogenesis and energy balance. Like BMP-8A, BMP-8B plays a role in spermatogenesis and placental development. Mutation in either of the genes encoding BMP-8A or BMP-8B causes postnatal depletion of spermatogonia in mice.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 284927230   3 PVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENG-KMVMRHHEGMVVGECGCH 67
Cdd:cd19398   40 PLDSCMNATNHAILQSLVHLMKPEAVPKACCAPTKLSATSVLYYDSNnNVILKKHRNMVVKSCGCH 105

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP-10) and similar proteins; BMP-10 is required for maintaining the proliferative activity of embryonic cardiomyocytes by preventing premature activation of the negative cell cycle regulator CDKN1C/p57KIP and maintaining the required expression levels of cardiogenic factors such as MEF2C and NKX2-5. It inhibits endothelial cell migration and growth. It may reduce cell migration and cell matrix adhesion in breast cancer cell lines.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 284927230   3 PVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMRH--HEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19401   39 PLTEHVTPTKHAIVQTLVHLKNPQKASKACCVPTKLDPISILYLDDAGVVTYKfkYEGMVVAECGC 104

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) and similar proteins; BMP-9, also termed growth/differentiation factor 2 (GDF-2), is a potent circulating inhibitor of angiogenesis. It signals through the type I activin receptor ACVRL1 but not other activin receptor-like kinases (ALKs).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 284927230   3 PVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYEN-GKMVMRHH-EGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19400   39 PLTDDVTPTKHAIIQTLVHLKNPKKAGKACCVPTKLDPISVLYKDDmGVPTLKYHyEGMKVAECGC 104

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in growth/differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), factor 6 (GDF6), factor 7 (GDF7) and similar proteins; The family includes GDF5, GDF6 and GDF7. GDF5, also termed bone morphogenetic protein 14 (BMP-14), or cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP-1), or lipopolysaccharide-associated protein 4 (LAP-4), or LPS-associated protein 4, or radotermin, is a growth factor involved in bone and cartilage formation. GDF6, also termed bone morphogenetic protein 13 (BMP-13), or growth/differentiation factor 16, is a growth factor that controls proliferation and cellular differentiation in the retina and bone formation. GDF7, also termed bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP-12), may play an active role in the motor area of the primate neocortex.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 284927230   3 PVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENG-KMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13766   37 PLRSHLEPTNHAIIQTLMNSMDPESTPPSCCVPTKLSPISILYIDSAnNVVYKQYEDMVVESCGC 101

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and similar proteins; BMP-7, also termed osteogenic protein 1 (OP-1), or eptotermin alfa, induces cartilage and bone formation. It may act as the osteoinductive factor responsible for the phenomenon of epithelial osteogenesis and play a role in calcium regulation and bone homeostasis.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 284927230   3 PVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYEN-GKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGCH 67
Cdd:cd19397   42 PLNSYMNATNHAIVQTLVHFINPETVPKPCCAPTQLNAISVLYFDDsSNVILKKYRNMVVRACGCH 107

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Drosophila melanogaster protein decapentaplegic (Dpp) and similar proteins; decapentaplegic (Dpp) and similar proteins Dpp, also termed as protein DPP-C, is required later in embryogenesis for dorsal closure and patterning of the hindgut. It also functions postembryonically as a long-range morphogen during imaginal disk development and is responsible for the progression of the morphogenetic furrow during eye development.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 284927230   1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19392   42 PFPLADYLNATNHAVVQTLVNSVDPQAVPKACCVPTELSSIAMLYVdEHDKVVLKNYQDMVVEGCGC 108

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in bone morphogenetic protein 3 (BMP-3), growth/differentiation factor 10 (GDF10) and similar proteins; The family includes BMP-3 (also known as BMP-3A or osteogenin) and GDF10 (also known as BMP-3B). BMP-3 negatively regulates bone density. It antagonizes the ability of certain osteogenic BMPs to induce osteoprogenitor differentitation and ossification. GDF10 is a growth factor involved in osteogenesis and adipogenesis.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 284927230  10 PTNHAYMQSLLK--LHHPDrVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13763   44 PSNHATIQSIVHavGIQPG-VPAPCCVPDKMSSLTLLYFdENRNVVLKNYPNMTVESCAC 102

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in growth/differentiation factors, GDF8 and GDF11, and similar proteins; The family includes GDF8 and GDF11. GDF8, also termed myostatin, acts specifically as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth. GDF11, also termed bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a secreted signal that acts globally to specify positional identity along the anterior/posterior axis during development.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 284927230 13 HAYMQSLLKLHHPDRvPClsCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13751  45 HTHLVQQANPRGSAG-PC--CTPTKMSPLSMLYFdEDGNIIYGTLPDMVVERCGC 96

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1), beta-2 (TGF-beta-2), beta-3 (TGF-beta-3) and similar proteins; The family includes TGF-beta-1, TGF-beta-2 and TGF-beta-3, which are polypeptide members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. TGF-beta-1 is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. TGF-beta-2 is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions and has a vital role during embryonic development. It can suppress the effects of interleukin-2 dependent T-cell growth. TGF-beta-3 is involved in embryogenesis and cell differentiation. It regulates molecules involved in cellular adhesion and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation during the process of palate development.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230  9 TPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd13753  40 ADTQHSTVLQLYNRLNPVASAAPCCSPRELEPLTILYYDGRNPKIETLSNMIVTSCKC 97

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in TGF-beta superfamily; TGF-beta superfamily consists of a large group of cell regulatory proteins, such as TFG-betas, Nodal, Activins/Inhibins, glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and growth and differentiation factors (GDFs). They play important roles in developmental and physiological processes in a variety of species, including invertebrates as well as vertebrates, through specific receptor complexes that are composed of type I and type II serine/threonine receptor kinases. The receptor kinases subsequently activate Smad proteins, which then propagate the signals into the nucleus to regulate target gene expression. Proteins from the TGF-beta superfamily are only active as homo- or heterodimer.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 284927230   7 TFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDR---VPClsCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMR-HHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd08698   39 SATTNHTKLLQWSRTRRHTPReelKPC--CVPTSYEPLSILYYDNNGTVVEtLLPNLIVTECGC 100

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in inhibin beta A chain (INHBA) and similar proteins; INHBA, also termed activin beta-A chain, or erythroid differentiation protein (EDF), is a component of inhibin A, activin A, or activin AB. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 284927230  33 CVPTRLAPLSMIYYENG-KMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19404   73 CVPTKLRAMSMLYYDDGqNIIKKDIQNMIVEECGC 107

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in inhibin beta C chain (INHBC), inhibin beta E chain (INHBE) and similar proteins; The family includes INHBC and INHBE. INHBC, also termed activin beta-C chain, might play important roles in carcinogenesis. It may function as a negative regulator of liver growth. INHBE, also termed activin beta-E chain, is a possible insulin resistance-associated hepatokine with hepatic gene expression that positively correlated with insulin resistance and body mass index in humans. It also acts as a possible new marker for drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 284927230  13 HAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYE-NGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19406   49 HTAVLNLVKANNIATAVHSCCVPTARRPLSLLYFDrNSNIVKTDIPDMIVEACGC 103

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in inhibin alpha chain (INHA), beta chain (INHB) and similar proteins; INHA is a component of inhibins (inhibin A or inhibin B) that inhibit the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. INHB includes inhibin beta A chain (INHBA), B chain (INHBB), C chain (INHBC), and E chain (INHBE). INHBA, also termed activin beta-A chain, or erythroid differentiation protein (EDF), is a component of inhibin A, activin A, or activin AB. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. INHBB, also termed activin beta-B chain, is a component of inhibin B, activin A, or activin AB. Inhibins and activins inhibit and activate, respectively, the secretion of follitropin by the pituitary gland. INHBC, also termed activin beta-C chain, might play important roles in carcinogenesis. It may function as a negative regulator of liver growth. INHBE, also termed activin beta-E chain, is a possible insulin resistance-associated hepatokine with hepatic gene expression that positively correlated with insulin resistance and body mass index in humans. It also acts as a possible new marker for drug-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 284927230   1 PSPVDETFTPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPClsCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMRHH-EGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19377   37 HIVPDLSLPVPSAPPTPARPYSVLPGAQPC--CAPTKVTPLSVLYTSDGGTIKYETiPDLIVQECGC 101

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta-1) and similar proteins; TGF-beta-1 is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines. It is a secreted protein that performs many cellular functions, including the control of cell growth, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, and apoptosis.

                        10        20        30        40        50
                ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 284927230  9 TPTNHAYMQSLLKLHHPDRVPCLSCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19384  41 LDTQYSKVLALYNQHNPGASAAPCCVPQALEPLPIVYYVGRKPKVEQLSNMIVRSCKC 98

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in Caenorhabditis elegans Dauer larva development regulatory growth factor DAF-7 and similar proteins; DAF-7, also termed abnormal dauer formation protein 7, may act as a negative regulator of dauer larva development by transducing chemosensory information from ASI neurons. It is involved in sensitivity to CO2 levels.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 284927230  11 TNHAYMQSLLKLHH---PDRVPClsCVPTRLAPLSMIYY-ENGKMVMRHHEGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19378   43 PNSASILLNPITRSeskQEHGSC--CHPTEYDPITVVYFnEDGQLKIKTINGMIAKKCSC 100

transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) like domain found in growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and similar proteins; GDF11, also termed bone morphogenetic protein 11 (BMP-11), is a secreted signal that acts globally to specify positional identity along the anterior/posterior axis during development.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 284927230  29 PClsCVPTRLAPLSMIYYENGKMVMRHH-EGMVVGECGC 66
Cdd:cd19389   72 PC--CTPTKMSPINMLYFNDKQQIIYGKiPGMVVDRCGC 108