Small GTPase of the Ras superfamily; ill-defined subfamily; SMART predicts Ras-like small GTPases of the ARF, RAB, RAN, RAS, and SAR subfamilies. Others that could not be classified in this way are predicted to be members of the small GTPase superfamily without predictions of the subfamily.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316   126 PELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESP--EGGrFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGppELQFAAWVD-------AV 196
Cdd:smart00010   1 REYKLVVLGGGGVGKSALTIQFVQGHFVDEYDPtiEDS-YRKQIEIDGEVCLLDILDTAG--QEEFSAMRDqymrtgeGF 77

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316   197 VFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQ-DAIsaaNPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVE 275
Cdd:smart00010  78 LLVYSITDRQSFEEIAKFREQILRVKDRDDVPIVLVGNKcDLE---NERVVSTEEGKELARQWG-CPFLETSAKERINVD 153

                          170
                   ....*....|....*.
gi 815891316   276 RVFQDVaqkVVALRKK 291
Cdd:smart00010 154 EAFYDL---VREIRKS 166

GTPase SAR1 family domain [General function prediction only];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEE--SPEG-GRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPEL-----QFAAWV---DA 195
Cdd:COG1100    3 EKKIVVVGTGGVGKTSLVNRLVGDIFSLEKylSTNGvTIDKKELKLDGLDVDLVIWDTPGQDEFretrqFYARQLtgaSL 82

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 196 VVFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLcsFRNASEVPMVLVGTQ-DAISaaNPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKRCTYYETCATYGLNV 274
Cdd:COG1100   83 YLFVVDGTREETLQSLYELLESL--RRLGKKSPIILVLNKiDLYD--EEEIEDEERLKEALSEDNIVEVVATSAKTGEGV 158

                 ....*....
gi 815891316 275 ERVFQDVAQ 283
Cdd:COG1100  159 EELFAALAE 167

small GTP-binding protein domain; Proteins with a small GTP-binding domain recognized by this model include Ras, RhoA, Rab11, translation elongation factor G, translation initiation factor IF-2, tetratcycline resistance protein TetM, CDC42, Era, ADP-ribosylation factors, tdhF, and many others. In some proteins the domain occurs more than once.This model recognizes a large number of small GTP-binding proteins and related domains in larger proteins. Note that the alpha chains of heterotrimeric G proteins are larger proteins in which the NKXD motif is separated from the GxxxxGK[ST] motif (P-loop) by a long insert and are not easily detected by this model. [Unknown function, General]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316  127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYL-------------TGTYVQEESPEGGRFKKEIVVD--GQSYLLLIRDEGGPPELQFAA 191
Cdd:TIGR00231   1 DIKIVIVGHPNVGKSTLLNSLLgnkgsiteyypgtTRNYVTTVIEEDGKTYKFNLLDtaGQEDYDAIRRLYYPQVERSLR 80

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 815891316  192 WVDAVVFVFSLEDEISFQTVynYFLRLCSfrnaSEVPMVLVGTQ 235
Cdd:TIGR00231  81 VFDIVILVLDVEEILEKQTK--EIIHHAD----SGVPIILVGNK 118

Rat sarcoma (Ras) family of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); The Ras family of the Ras superfamily includes classical N-Ras, H-Ras, and K-Ras, as well as R-Ras, Rap, Ral, Rheb, Rhes, ARHI, RERG, Rin/Rit, RSR1, RRP22, Ras2, Ras-dva, and RGK proteins. Ras proteins regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Ras is activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that release GDP and allow GTP binding. Many RasGEFs have been identified. These are sequestered in the cytosol until activation by growth factors triggers recruitment to the plasma membrane or Golgi, where the GEF colocalizes with Ras. Active GTP-bound Ras interacts with several effector proteins: among the best characterized are the Raf kinases, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), RalGEFs and NORE/MST1. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESP-EGGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPEL-----QFAAWVDAVVFVFSL 202
Cdd:cd00876    1 KLVVLGAGGVGKSALTIRFVSGEFVEEYDPtIEDSYRKQIVVDGETYTLDILDTAGQEEFsamrdQYIRNGDGFILVYSI 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 203 EDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVERVFQDVA 282
Cdd:cd00876   81 TSRESFEEIKNIREQILRVKDKEDVPIVLVGNK--CDLENERQVSTEEGEALAEEWG-CPFLETSAKTNINIDELFNTLV 157

                 ...
gi 815891316 283 QKV 285
Cdd:cd00876  158 REI 160

Small GTPase of the Ras superfamily; ill-defined subfamily; SMART predicts Ras-like small GTPases of the ARF, RAB, RAN, RAS, and SAR subfamilies. Others that could not be classified in this way are predicted to be members of the small GTPase superfamily without predictions of the subfamily.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316   126 PELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESP--EGGrFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGppELQFAAWVD-------AV 196
Cdd:smart00010   1 REYKLVVLGGGGVGKSALTIQFVQGHFVDEYDPtiEDS-YRKQIEIDGEVCLLDILDTAG--QEEFSAMRDqymrtgeGF 77

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316   197 VFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQ-DAIsaaNPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVE 275
Cdd:smart00010  78 LLVYSITDRQSFEEIAKFREQILRVKDRDDVPIVLVGNKcDLE---NERVVSTEEGKELARQWG-CPFLETSAKERINVD 153

                          170
                   ....*....|....*.
gi 815891316   276 RVFQDVaqkVVALRKK 291
Cdd:smart00010 154 EAFYDL---VREIRKS 166

Rap-like family consists of Rap1, Rap2 and RSR1; The Rap subfamily consists of the Rap1, Rap2, and RSR1. Rap subfamily proteins perform different cellular functions, depending on the isoform and its subcellular localization. For example, in rat salivary gland, neutrophils, and platelets, Rap1 localizes to secretory granules and is believed to regulate exocytosis or the formation of secretory granules. Rap1 has also been shown to localize in the Golgi of rat fibroblasts, zymogen granules, plasma membrane, and microsomal membrane of the pancreatic acini, as well as in the endocytic compartment of skeletal muscle cells and fibroblasts. Rap1 localizes in the nucleus of human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and cell lines. Rap1 plays a role in phagocytosis by controlling the binding of adhesion receptors (typically integrins) to their ligands. In yeast, Rap1 has been implicated in multiple functions, including activation and silencing of transcription and maintenance of telomeres. Rap2 is involved in multiple functions, including activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton and activation of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in embryonic Xenopus. A number of effector proteins for Rap2 have been identified, including isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK), and the RalGEFs RalGDS, RGL, and Rlf, which also interact with Rap1 and Ras. RSR1 is the fungal homolog of Rap1 and Rap2. In budding yeasts, it is involved in selecting a site for bud growth, which directs the establishment of cell polarization. The Rho family GTPase Cdc42 and its GEF, Cdc24, then establish an axis of polarized growth. It is believed that Cdc42 interacts directly with RSR1 in vivo. In filamentous fungi such as Ashbya gossypii, RSR1 is a key regulator of polar growth in the hypha. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPE-GGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPelQFAAWVD-------AVVF 198
Cdd:cd04136    1 EYKLVVLGSGGVGKSALTVQFVQGIFVDKYDPTiEDSYRKQIEVDCQQCMLEILDTAGTE--QFTAMRDlyikngqGFAL 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 199 VFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKRCTYYETCATYGLNVERVF 278
Cdd:cd04136   79 VYSITAQQSFNDLQDLREQILRVKDTEDVPMILVGNK--CDLEDERVVSKEEGQNLARQWGNCPFLETSAKSKINVDEIF 156

                 ....*..
gi 815891316 279 QDVAQKV 285
Cdd:cd04136  157 YDLVRQI 163

Ras family; Includes sub-families Ras, Rab, Rac, Ral, Ran, Rap Ypt1 and more. Shares P-loop motif with GTP_EFTU, arf and myosin_head. See pfam00009 pfam00025, pfam00063. As regards Rab GTPases, these are important regulators of vesicle formation, motility and fusion. They share a fold in common with all Ras GTPases: this is a six-stranded beta-sheet surrounded by five alpha-helices.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316  129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQE-ESPEGGRFK-KEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPElqFAA-----WVDAVVF--V 199
Cdd:pfam00071   1 KLVLVGDGGVGKSSLLIRFTQNKFPEEyIPTIGVDFYtKTIEVDGKTVKLQIWDTAGQER--FRAlrplyYRGADGFllV 78

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316  200 FSLEDEISFQTVYNYF---LRLCSfrnaSEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVER 276
Cdd:pfam00071  79 YDITSRDSFENVKKWVeeiLRHAD----ENVPIVLVGNK--CDLEDQRVVSTEEGEALAKELG-LPFMETSAKTNENVEE 151

                  ....*....
gi 815891316  277 VFQDVAQKV 285
Cdd:pfam00071 152 AFEELAREI 160

Rap1 family GTPase consists of Rap1a and Rap1b isoforms; The Rap1 subgroup is part of the Rap subfamily of the Ras family. It can be further divided into the Rap1a and Rap1b isoforms. In humans, Rap1a and Rap1b share 95% sequence homology, but are products of two different genes located on chromosomes 1 and 12, respectively. Rap1a is sometimes called smg p21 or Krev1 in the older literature. Rap1 proteins are believed to perform different cellular functions, depending on the isoform, its subcellular localization, and the effector proteins it binds. For example, in rat salivary gland, neutrophils, and platelets, Rap1 localizes to secretory granules and is believed to regulate exocytosis or the formation of secretory granules. Rap1 has also been shown to localize in the Golgi of rat fibroblasts, zymogen granules, plasma membrane, and the microsomal membrane of pancreatic acini, as well as in the endocytic compartment of skeletal muscle cells and fibroblasts. High expression of Rap1 has been observed in the nucleus of human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and cell lines; interestingly, in the SCCs, the active GTP-bound form localized to the nucleus, while the inactive GDP-bound form localized to the cytoplasm. Rap1 plays a role in phagocytosis by controlling the binding of adhesion receptors (typically integrins) to their ligands. In yeast, Rap1 has been implicated in multiple functions, including activation and silencing of transcription and maintenance of telomeres. Rap1a, which is stimulated by T-cell receptor (TCR) activation, is a positive regulator of T cells by directing integrin activation and augmenting lymphocyte responses. In murine hippocampal neurons, Rap1b determines which neurite will become the axon and directs the recruitment of Cdc42, which is required for formation of dendrites and axons. In murine platelets, Rap1b is required for normal homeostasis in vivo and is involved in integrin activation. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPE-GGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPelQFAAWVD-------AVVF 198
Cdd:cd04175    1 EYKLVVLGSGGVGKSALTVQFVQGIFVEKYDPTiEDSYRKQVEVDGQQCMLEILDTAGTE--QFTAMRDlymkngqGFVL 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 199 VFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVERVF 278
Cdd:cd04175   79 VYSITAQSTFNDLQDLREQILRVKDTEDVPMILVGNK--CDLEDERVVGKEQGQNLARQWG-CAFLETSAKAKINVNEIF 155

                 ....*..
gi 815891316 279 QDVAQKV 285
Cdd:cd04175  156 YDLVRQI 162

Rat sarcoma (Ras)-like superfamily of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Ras-like GTPase superfamily. The Ras-like superfamily of small GTPases consists of several families with an extremely high degree of structural and functional similarity. The Ras superfamily is divided into at least four families in eukaryotes: the Ras, Rho, Rab, and Sar1/Arf families. This superfamily also includes proteins like the GTP translation factors, Era-like GTPases, and G-alpha chain of the heterotrimeric G proteins. Members of the Ras superfamily regulate a wide variety of cellular functions: the Ras family regulates gene expression, the Rho family regulates cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression, the Rab and Sar1/Arf families regulate vesicle trafficking, and the Ran family regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport and microtubule organization. The GTP translation factor family regulates initiation, elongation, termination, and release in translation, and the Era-like GTPase family regulates cell division, sporulation, and DNA replication. Members of the Ras superfamily are identified by the GTP binding site, which is made up of five characteristic sequence motifs, and the switch I and switch II regions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 131 GIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPEG---GRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPE----------LQFAAWVDAVV 197
Cdd:cd00882    1 VVVGRGGVGKSSLLNALLGGEVGEVSDVPGttrDPDVYVKELDKGKVKLVLVDTPGLDEfgglgreelaRLLLRGADLIL 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 198 FVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLcsfRNASEVPMVLVGTQ-DAISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrctYYETCATYGLNVER 276
Cdd:cd00882   81 LVVDSTDRESEEDAKLLILRR---LRKEGIPIILVGNKiDLLEEREVEELLRLEELAKILGVP---VFEVSAKTGEGVDE 154

                 ....*..
gi 815891316 277 VFQDVAQ 283
Cdd:cd00882  155 LFEKLIE 161

Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain (RheB) is a small GTPase; Rheb (Ras Homolog Enriched in Brain) subfamily. Rheb was initially identified in rat brain, where its expression is elevated by seizures or by long-term potentiation. It is expressed ubiquitously, with elevated levels in muscle and brain. Rheb functions as an important mediator between the tuberous sclerosis complex proteins, TSC1 and TSC2, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase to stimulate cell growth. TOR kinase regulates cell growth by controlling nutrient availability, growth factors, and the energy status of the cell. TSC1 and TSC2 form a dimeric complex that has tumor suppressor activity, and TSC2 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rheb. The TSC1/TSC2 complex inhibits the activation of TOR kinase through Rheb. Rheb has also been shown to induce the formation of large cytoplasmic vacuoles in a process that is dependent on the GTPase cycle of Rheb, but independent of the TOR kinase, suggesting Rheb plays a role in endocytic trafficking that leads to cell growth and cell-cycle progression. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESP--EgGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPEL-----QFAAWVDAVVFVFS 201
Cdd:cd04137    3 KIAVLGSRSVGKSSLTVQFVEGHFVESYYPtiE-NTFSKIITYKGQEYHLEIVDTAGQDEYsilpqKYSIGIHGYILVYS 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 815891316 202 LEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQDAISaaNPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVERVF 278
Cdd:cd04137   82 VTSRKSFEVVKVIYDKILDMLGKESVPIVLVGNKSDLH--MERQVSAEEGKKLAESWG-AAFLESSAKENENVEEAF 155

Ras-related and Estrogen-Regulated Growth inhibitor (RERG) and Ras-like 11 (RasL11)-like families; RERG (Ras-related and Estrogen- Regulated Growth inhibitor) and Ras-like 11 are members of a novel subfamily of Ras that were identified based on their behavior in breast and prostate tumors, respectively. RERG expression was decreased or lost in a significant fraction of primary human breast tumors that lack estrogen receptor and are correlated with poor clinical prognosis. Elevated RERG expression correlated with favorable patient outcome in a breast tumor subtype that is positive for estrogen receptor expression. In contrast to most Ras proteins, RERG overexpression inhibited the growth of breast tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. RasL11 was found to be ubiquitously expressed in human tissue, but down-regulated in prostate tumors. Both RERG and RasL11 lack the C-terminal CaaX prenylation motif, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid, and are localized primarily in the cytoplasm. Both are believed to have tumor suppressor activity.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQE-ESPEGGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPELQ-------FAAWVDAVVFVF 200
Cdd:cd04146    1 KIAVLGASGVGKSALTVRFLTKRFIGEyEPNLESLYSRQVTIDGEQVSLEIQDTPGQQQNEdpeslerSLRWADGFVLVY 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 201 SLEDEISFQTV--YNYFLRLCSfRNASEVPMVLVGT-QDaisAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLkRCTYYE--TCATYgLNVE 275
Cdd:cd04146   81 SITDRSSFDVVsqLLQLIREIK-KRDGEIPVILVGNkAD---LLHSRQVSTEEGQKLALEL-GCLFFEvsAAENY-LEVQ 154

                        170
                 ....*....|
gi 815891316 276 RVFQDVAQKV 285
Cdd:cd04146  155 NVFHELCREV 164

Rap2 family GTPase consists of Rap2a, Rap2b, and Rap2c; The Rap2 subgroup is part of the Rap subfamily of the Ras family. It consists of Rap2a, Rap2b, and Rap2c. Both isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) are putative effectors of Rap2 in mediating the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. In human platelets, Rap2 was shown to interact with the cytoskeleton by binding the actin filaments. In embryonic Xenopus development, Rap2 is necessary for the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. The Rap2 interacting protein 9 (RPIP9) is highly expressed in human breast carcinomas and correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting a role for Rap2 in breast cancer oncogenesis. Rap2b, but not Rap2a, Rap2c, Rap1a, or Rap1b, is expressed in human red blood cells, where it is believed to be involved in vesiculation. A number of additional effector proteins for Rap2 have been identified, including the RalGEFs RalGDS, RGL, and Rlf, which also interact with Rap1 and Ras. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPEGGRF-KKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPelQFAAWVD-------AVVF 198
Cdd:cd04176    1 EYKVVVLGSGGVGKSALTVQFVSGTFIEKYDPTIEDFyRKEIEVDSSPSVLEILDTAGTE--QFASMRDlyikngqGFIV 78

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 199 VFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVERVF 278
Cdd:cd04176   79 VYSLVNQQTFQDIKPMRDQIVRVKGYEKVPIILVGNK--VDLESEREVSSAEGRALAEEWG-CPFMETSAKSKTMVNELF 155

                 ....*..
gi 815891316 279 QDVAQKV 285
Cdd:cd04176  156 AEIVRQM 162

Rab GTPase family 23 (Rab23)-like; Rab23-like subfamily. Rab23 is a member of the Rab family of small GTPases. In mouse, Rab23 has been shown to function as a negative regulator in the sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. Rab23 mediates the activity of Gli2 and Gli3, transcription factors that regulate Shh signaling in the spinal cord, primarily by preventing Gli2 activation in the absence of Shh ligand. Rab23 also regulates a step in the cytoplasmic signal transduction pathway that mediates the effect of Smoothened (one of two integral membrane proteins that are essential components of the Shh signaling pathway in vertebrates). In humans, Rab23 is expressed in the retina. Mice contain an isoform that shares 93% sequence identity with the human Rab23 and an alternative splicing isoform that is specific to the brain. This isoform causes the murine open brain phenotype, indicating it may have a role in the development of the central nervous system. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. Due to the presence of truncated sequences in this CD, the lipid modification site is not available for annotation.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 128 LKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEespeggrFKKEIVVD-----------GQSYLLLIRDEGGPPElqFAAWVD-- 194
Cdd:cd04106    1 IKVIVVGNGNVGKSSMIQRFVKGIFTKD-------YKKTIGVDflekqiflrqsDEDVRLMLWDTAGQEE--FDAITKay 71

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 195 -----AVVFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYflRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVgtQDAISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCAT 269
Cdd:cd04106   72 yrgaqACILVFSTTDRESFEAIESW--KEKVEAECGDIPMVLV--QTKIDLLDQAVITNEEAEALAKRLQ-LPLFRTSVK 146

                        170
                 ....*....|....*
gi 815891316 270 YGLNVERVFQDVAQK 284
Cdd:cd04106  147 DDFNVTELFEYLAEK 161

Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir (RGK) subfamily of Ras GTPases; RGK subfamily. The RGK (Rem, Rem2, Rad, Gem/Kir) subfamily of Ras GTPases are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are dynamically regulated by transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in response to environmental cues. RGK proteins bind to the beta subunit of L-type calcium channels, causing functional down-regulation of these voltage-dependent calcium channels, and either termination of calcium-dependent secretion or modulation of electrical conduction and contractile function. Inhibition of L-type calcium channels by Rem2 may provide a mechanism for modulating calcium-triggered exocytosis in hormone-secreting cells, and has been proposed to influence the secretion of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. RGK proteins also interact with and inhibit the Rho/Rho kinase pathway to modulate remodeling of the cytoskeleton. Two characteristics of RGK proteins cited in the literature are N-terminal and C-terminal extensions beyond the GTPase domain typical of Ras superfamily members. The N-terminal extension is not conserved among family members; the C-terminal extension is reported to be conserved among the family and lack the CaaX prenylation motif typical of membrane-associated Ras proteins. However, a putative CaaX motif has been identified in the alignment of the C-terminal residues of this CD.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 128 LKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTY----VQEESPEGGrfKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDeggPPELQFAAWV--------DA 195
Cdd:cd04148    1 YRVVLLGDSGVGKSSLANIFTAGVYedsaYEASGDDTY--ERTVSVDGEEATLVVYD---HWEQEDGMWLedscmqvgDA 75

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 196 VVFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQDAIsaANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVE 275
Cdd:cd04148   76 YVIVYSVTDRSSFEKASELRIQLRRARQAEDIPIILVGNKSDL--VRSREVSVQEGRACAVVFD-CKFIETSAALQHNVD 152

                        170
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 815891316 276 RVFQD-VAQkvVALRKK 291
Cdd:cd04148  153 ELFEGiVRQ--VRLRRD 167

Rab GTPase family J-like (RabJ-like); RJLs are found in many protists and as chimeras with C-terminal DNAJ domains in deuterostome metazoa. They are not found in plants, fungi, and protostome metazoa, suggesting a horizontal gene transfer between protists and deuterostome metazoa. RJLs lack any known membrane targeting signal and contain a degenerate phosphate/magnesium-binding 3 (PM3) motif, suggesting an impaired ability to hydrolyze GTP. GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 128 LKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPEGG---------RFKKEIVVD-----GQSYLLLIRDEggppelqFAAWV 193
Cdd:cd04119    1 IKVISMGNSGVGKSCIIKRYCEGRFVSKYLPTIGidygvkkvsVRNKEVRVNffdlsGHPEYLEVRNE-------FYKDT 73

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 194 DAVVFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSF----RNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCAT 269
Cdd:cd04119   74 QGVLLVYDVTDRQSFEALDSWLKEMKQEggphGNMENIVVVVCANK--IDLTKHRAVSEDEGRLWAESKG-FKYFETSAC 150

                        170
                 ....*....|....*...
gi 815891316 270 YGLNVERVFQDVAQKVVA 287
Cdd:cd04119  151 TGEGVNEMFQTLFSSIVD 168

Ras homology family (Rho) of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases); Members of the Rho (Ras homology) family include RhoA, Cdc42, Rac, Rnd, Wrch1, RhoBTB, and Rop. There are 22 human Rho family members identified currently. These proteins are all involved in the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton in response to external stimuli. They also have roles in cell transformation by Ras in cytokinesis, in focal adhesion formation and in the stimulation of stress-activated kinase. These various functions are controlled through distinct effector proteins and mediated through a GTP-binding/GTPase cycle involving three classes of regulating proteins: GAPs (GTPase-activating proteins), GEFs (guanine nucleotide exchange factors), and GDIs (guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors). Most Rho proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rho proteins. Since crystal structures often lack C-terminal residues, this feature is not available for annotation in many of the CDs in the hierarchy.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 128 LKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESP---EGgrFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPE------LQFAAwVDAVVF 198
Cdd:cd00157    1 IKIVVVGDGAVGKTCLLISYTTNKFPTEYVPtvfDN--YSANVTVDGKQVNLGLWDTAGQEEydrlrpLSYPQ-TDVFLL 77

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 199 VFSLEDEISFQTVYNYF---LRlcsfRNASEVPMVLVGTQ-DAISAANPRV--------IDDSRARKLSTDLKRCTYYET 266
Cdd:cd00157   78 CFSVDSPSSFENVKTKWypeIK----HYCPNVPIILVGTKiDLRDDGNTLKklekkqkpITPEEGEKLAKEIGAVKYMEC 153

                        170
                 ....*....|....*..
gi 815891316 267 CATYGLNVERVFQDVAQ 283
Cdd:cd00157  154 SALTQEGLKEVFDEAIR 170

Ras-like protein in all tissues (Rit), Ras-like protein in neurons (Rin) and Ras-related protein which interacts with calmodulin (Ric); Rit (Ras-like protein in all tissues), Rin (Ras-like protein in neurons) and Ric (Ras-related protein which interacts with calmodulin) form a subfamily with several unique structural and functional characteristics. These proteins all lack a the C-terminal CaaX lipid-binding motif typical of Ras family proteins, and Rin and Ric contain calmodulin-binding domains. Rin, which is expressed only in neurons, induces neurite outgrowth in rat pheochromocytoma cells through its association with calmodulin and its activation of endogenous Rac/cdc42. Rit, which is ubiquitously expressed in mammals, inhibits growth-factor withdrawl-mediated apoptosis and induces neurite extension in pheochromocytoma cells. Rit and Rin are both able to form a ternary complex with PAR6, a cell polarity-regulating protein, and Rac/cdc42. This ternary complex is proposed to have physiological function in processes such as tumorigenesis. Activated Ric is likely to signal in parallel with the Ras pathway or stimulate the Ras pathway at some upstream point, and binding of calmodulin to Ric may negatively regulate Ric activity.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 127 ELKVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPE-GGRFKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPEL-----QFAAWVDAVVFVF 200
Cdd:cd04141    2 EYKIVMLGAGGVGKSAVTMQFISHSFPDYHDPTiEDAYKTQARIDNEPALLDILDTAGQAEFtamrdQYMRCGEGFIICY 81

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 201 SLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKrCTYYETCATYGLNVERVFQD 280
Cdd:cd04141   82 SVTDRHSFQEASEFKELITRVRLTEDIPLVLVGNK--VDLEQQRQVTTEEGRNLAREFN-CPFFETSAALRFYIDDAFHG 158

                        170
                 ....*....|....*
gi 815891316 281 VAQKVvalRKKQQLA 295
Cdd:cd04141  159 LVREI---RRKESMP 170

Ras-related nuclear proteins (Ran)/TC4 family of small GTPases; Ran GTPase is involved in diverse biological functions, such as nuclear transport, spindle formation during mitosis, DNA replication, and cell division. Among the Ras superfamily, Ran is a unique small G protein. It does not have a lipid modification motif at the C-terminus to bind to the membrane, which is often observed within the Ras superfamily. Ran may therefore interact with a wide range of proteins in various intracellular locations. Like other GTPases, Ran exists in GTP- and GDP-bound conformations that interact differently with effectors. Conversion between these forms and the assembly or disassembly of effector complexes requires the interaction of regulator proteins. The intrinsic GTPase activity of Ran is very low, but it is greatly stimulated by a GTPase-activating protein (RanGAP1) located in the cytoplasm. By contrast, RCC1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that generates RanGTP, is bound to chromatin and confined to the nucleus. Ran itself is mobile and is actively imported into the nucleus by a mechanism involving NTF-2. Together with the compartmentalization of its regulators, this is thought to produce a relatively high concentration of RanGTP in the nucleus.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGtyvqeespeggRFKKEIV--VDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPpeLQFAAW-------------- 192
Cdd:cd00877    2 KLVLVGDGGTGKTTFVKRHLTG-----------EFEKKYVatLGVEVHPLDFHTNRGK--IRFNVWdtagqekfgglrdg 68

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 193 ----VDAVVFVFSLEDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCsfRNASEVPMVLVGTQDAISaanprvIDDSRARKLSTDLKRCT-YYETC 267
Cdd:cd00877   69 yyiqGQCAIIMFDVTSRVTYKNVPNWHRDLV--RVCENIPIVLCGNKVDIK------DRKVKPKQITFHRKKNLqYYEIS 140

                        170
                 ....*....|....*....
gi 815891316 268 ATYGLNVERVFQDVAQKVV 286
Cdd:cd00877  141 AKSNYNFEKPFLWLARKLL 159

Ras - dorsal-ventral anterior localization (Ras-dva) family; Ras-dva subfamily. Ras-dva (Ras - dorsal-ventral anterior localization) subfamily consists of a set of proteins characterized only in Xenopus leavis, to date. In Xenopus Ras-dva expression is activated by the transcription factor Otx2 and begins during gastrulation throughout the anterior ectoderm. Ras-dva expression is inhibited in the anterior neural plate by factor Xanf1. Downregulation of Ras-dva results in head development abnormalities through the inhibition of several regulators of the anterior neural plate and folds patterning, including Otx2, BF-1, Xag2, Pax6, Slug, and Sox9. Downregulation of Ras-dva also interferes with the FGF-8a signaling within the anterior ectoderm. Most Ras proteins contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with a typical sequence motif CaaX, where a = an aliphatic amino acid and X = any amino acid. Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Ras proteins.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 139 GKSALVHRYLTGTYvqeeSPEGGR-----FKKEIVVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGPPElqFAAW-------VDAVVFVFSLEDEI 206
Cdd:cd04147   11 GKTALIQRFLYDTF----EPKHRRtveelHSKEYEVAGVKVTIDILDTSGSYS--FPAMrklsiqnGDAFALVYSVDDPE 84

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316 207 SFQTVYNYFLRLCSFRNASEVPMVLVGTQdaISAANPRVIDDSRARKLSTDLKRCTYYETCATYGLNVERVFQDVAQKV- 285
Cdd:cd04147   85 SFEEVKRLREEILEVKEDKFVPIVVVGNK--IDSLAERQVEAADALSTVELDWNNGFVEASAKDNENVTEVFKELLQQAn 162

                        170
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 815891316 286 ------VALRKKQQLA 295
Cdd:cd04147  163 lpswlsPALRRRRESA 178

Ras of Complex, Roc, domain of DAPkinase; Roc, or Ras of Complex, proteins are mitochondrial Rho proteins (Miro-1, and Miro-2) and atypical Rho GTPases. Full-length proteins have a unique domain organization, with tandem GTP-binding domains and two EF hand domains (pfam00036) that may bind calcium. They are also larger than classical small GTPases. It has been proposed that they are involved in mitochondrial homeostasis and apoptosis.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 815891316  129 KVGIVGNLSSGKSALVHRYLTGTYVQEESPEGGrfkkeivVDGQSYLLLIRDEGGpPELQFAAW---------------- 192
Cdd:pfam08477   1 KVVLLGDSGVGKTSLLKRFVDDTFDPKYKSTIG-------VDFKTKTVLENDDNG-KKIKLNIWdtagqerfrslhpfyy 72

                          90       100       110       120
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 815891316  193 --VDAVVFVFsleDEISFQTVYNYFLRLCsfRNASEVPMVLVGT 234
Cdd:pfam08477  73 rgAAAALLVY---DSRTFSNLKYWLRELK--KYAGNSPVILVGN 111