ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of lysine-specific demethylase KDM5C and KDM5D; This group includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C, also called histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, protein SmcX, or protein Xe169, is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D, also called histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or protein SmcY, is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 and H3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, a JmjN domain, an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT), a C5HC2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   79 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 158
Cdd:cd16875      1 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERRILDLYSLSKIVQEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLGYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 2462632146  159 RIIYPYEMFQSG 170
Cdd:cd16875     81 RIIYPYEMYQSG 92

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C) and 5D (KDM5D); The family includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, SmcX, or Xe169) is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D (also termed Histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), Histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or SmcY) is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 andH3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15604      1 VCRMCSRGDEDDKLLLCDGCDDNYHTFCLLPPLPEPPKGIWRCPKC 46

Small domain found in the jumonji family of transcription factors; To date, this domain always co-occurs with the JmjC domain (although the reverse is not true).

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462632146    13 ECPVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRPPADWQP 54
Cdd:smart00545    1 EIPVFYPTMEEFKDPLAYISKIRPQAEKYGICKVVPPKSWKP 42

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of lysine-specific demethylase KDM5C and KDM5D; This group includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C, also called histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, protein SmcX, or protein Xe169, is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D, also called histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or protein SmcY, is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 and H3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, a JmjN domain, an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT), a C5HC2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   79 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 158
Cdd:cd16875      1 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERRILDLYSLSKIVQEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLGYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 2462632146  159 RIIYPYEMFQSG 170
Cdd:cd16875     81 RIIYPYEMYQSG 92

BRIGHT, ARID (A/T-rich interaction domain) domain; DNA-binding domain containing a helix-turn-helix structure

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146    80 RVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSL-KIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPP-GKNIGSLLRSHY 157
Cdd:smart00501    1 RERVLFLDRLYKFMEERGSPLkKIPVIGGKPLDLYRLYRLVQERGGYDQVTKDKKWKEIARELGIPDtSTSAASSLRKHY 80

                            90
                    ....*....|...
gi 2462632146   158 ERIIYPYEMFQSG 170
Cdd:smart00501   81 ERYLLPYERFLRG 93

PHD finger 2 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C) and 5D (KDM5D); The family includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARIDdomain-containing protein 1C, SmcX, or Xe169) is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D (also termed Histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), Histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or SmcY) is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 and H3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462632146 1129 ICVCGQVPAgVGVLQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPHLLTSPKPslTSSPLLAWWEWDTKFLCPLC 1189
Cdd:cd15608      1 VCVCGQPPR-PGMLRCHLCQDWFHGGCVSFPRLLSSSGP--HSSPSLAWWEWDTRFLCPLC 58

Small domain found in the jumonji family of transcription factors; To date, this domain always co-occurs with the JmjC domain (although the reverse is not true).

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462632146    13 ECPVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRPPADWQP 54
Cdd:smart00545    1 EIPVFYPTMEEFKDPLAYISKIRPQAEKYGICKVVPPKSWKP 42

jmjN domain;

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462632146   15 PVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRP 48
Cdd:pfam02375    1 PVFYPTEEEFKDPLKYIEKIRPLGEKYGICKIVP 34

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462632146   271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPL-PEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:smart00249    1 YCSVCGKPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPLlEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146  1130 CVCGQVPAGVGVLQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPhlltspkpsltssplLAWWEWDTKFLCPLC 1189
Cdd:smart00249    3 SVCGKPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPP---------------LLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

PHD zinc finger-containing protein [General function prediction only];

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDK--LLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLlpPLPEIPRGIWRCPKCILAE 320
Cdd:COG5141    195 ICTKCTSTHNENSnaIVFCDGCEICVHQSCY--GIQFLPEGFWLCRKCIYGE 244

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of lysine-specific demethylase KDM5C and KDM5D; This group includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C, also called histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, protein SmcX, or protein Xe169, is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D, also called histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or protein SmcY, is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 and H3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, a JmjN domain, an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT), a C5HC2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   79 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 158
Cdd:cd16875      1 TRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERRILDLYSLSKIVQEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLGYPPGKNIGSLLRSHYE 80

                           90
                   ....*....|..
gi 2462632146  159 RIIYPYEMFQSG 170
Cdd:cd16875     81 RIIYPYEMYQSG 92

JmjC domain, hydroxylase; The JmjC domain belongs to the Cupin superfamily. JmjC-domain proteins may be protein hydroxylases that catalyze a novel histone modification. This is confirmed to be a hydroxylase: the human JmjC protein named Tyw5p unexpectedly acts in the biosynthesis of a hypermodified nucleoside, hydroxy-wybutosine, in tRNA-Phe by catalysing hydroxylation.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146  446 WLYVGMVFSAFCWHIEDHWSYSINYLHWGEPKTWYGVPSLAAEHLEEVMKmltPELFDSQPDLLHQLVTLMNPNTLMSHG 525
Cdd:pfam02373    1 WLYLGMPFSTTPWHIEDQGLYSINYLHFGAPKVWYIIPPEYAEKFEKVLS---DHFGGEQPDDLLHLNTIISPKQLRENG 77

                           90       100       110
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462632146  526 VPVVRTNQCAGEFVITFPRAYHSGFNQGYNFAEAVNF 562
Cdd:pfam02373   78 IPVYRFVQKPGEFVFTFPGWYHQVFNLGFNIAEAVNF 114

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B); KDM5B, also called cancer/testis antigen 31 (CT31), histone demethylase JARID1B, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B), PLU-1, or retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog 1 (RBP2-H1 or RBBP2H1A), is a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase that catalyzes the removal of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It also mediates demethylation of H3K4me2 and H3K4me1. Moreover, KDM5B functions as a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and progenitor cell activity. KDM5B has also been shown to interact with the DNA binding transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9, as well as TIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-beta inducible earlygene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10), and possibly function as a transcriptional corepressor. KDM5B contains the catalytic JmjC domain, a JmjN domain, an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT), a C5HC2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   76 EAQTRVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLKIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKNIGSLLRS 155
Cdd:cd16874      1 EAQTRVKLNFLDQIAKFWELQGCTLKIPHVERKILDLFQLNKLVAEEGGFDLVCKERKWTKIATKMGFAPGKAVGSHIRA 80

                   ....*....
gi 2462632146  156 HYERIIYPY 164
Cdd:cd16874     81 HYERILYPY 89

PHD finger 1 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5C (KDM5C) and 5D (KDM5D); The family includes KDM5C and KDM5D, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5C (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1C, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1C, SmcX, or Xe169) is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D (also termed Histocompatibility Y antigen (H-Y), Histone demethylase JARID1D, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1D, or SmcY) is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 andH3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. Both KDM5C and KDM5D contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15604      1 VCRMCSRGDEDDKLLLCDGCDDNYHTFCLLPPLPEPPKGIWRCPKC 46

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain; Members of the recently discovered ARID (AT-rich interaction domain) family of DNA-binding proteins are found in fungi and invertebrate and vertebrate metazoans. ARID-encoding genes are involved in a variety of biological processes including embryonic development, cell lineage gene regulation and cell cycle control. Although the specific roles of this domain and of ARID-containing proteins in transcriptional regulation are yet to be elucidated, they include both positive and negative transcriptional regulation and a likely involvement in the modification of chromatin structure. The basic structure of the ARID domain domain appears to be a series of six alpha-helices separated by beta-strands, loops, or turns, but the structured region may extend to an additional helix at either or both ends of the basic six. Based on primary sequence homology, they can be partitioned into three structural classes: Minimal ARID proteins that consist of a core domain formed by six alpha helices; ARID proteins that supplement the core domain with an N-terminal alpha-helix; and Extended-ARID proteins, which contain the core domain and additional alpha-helices at their N- and C-termini.

                            10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                    ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146    80 RVKLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSL-KIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPG-KNIGSLLRSHY 157
Cdd:smart01014    1 RERELFLDRLRKFMEKRGTPLdKIPVIGGKPLDLYRLYRAVQKRGGFDKVTKKKKWKQVARELGIPPSaTSAGTSLRKHY 80

                    ....*...
gi 2462632146   158 ERIIYPYE 165
Cdd:smart01014   81 EKYLLPYE 88

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain; This domain is know as ARID for AT-Rich Interaction Domain, and also known as the BRIGHT domain.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   82 KLNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSLK-IPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPG-KNIGSLLRSHYER 159
Cdd:pfam01388    2 KELFLKSLRKFHEKRGTPLKqIPVIGGKPVDLYKLYKAVQKLGGYDKVTEKNLWREVAEKLGFPPSaASAATQLKQIYEK 81

                   ....*.
gi 2462632146  160 IIYPYE 165
Cdd:pfam01388   82 YLLPYE 87

PHD finger 2 found in Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D, and similar proteins; The JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins includes Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A, KDM5B, KDM5C, KDM5D and a Drosophila homolog protein, little imaginal discs (Lid). KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK, and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. KDM5C is a H3K4 trimethyl-histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K4me2 to H3K4me1. It plays a role in neuronal survival and dendrite development. KDM5C defects are associated with X-linked mental retardation (XLMR). KDM5D is a male-specific antigen that shows a demethylase activity specific for di- and tri-methylated histone H3K4 (H3K4me3 and H3K4me2), and has a male-specific function as a histone H3K4 demethylase by recruiting a meiosis-regulatory protein, MSH5, to condensed DNA. KDM5D directly interacts with a polycomb-like protein Ring6a/MBLR, and plays a role in regulation of transcriptional initiation through H3K4 demethylation. The family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) that functions as a JmjC-dependent trimethyl histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Members in this family contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462632146 1129 ICVCGQVPAGvGVLQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPHLLTSPKPSltsspllAWWEWDTKFLCPLC 1189
Cdd:cd15516      1 ICLCGKALAA-GMLQCELCQDWFHGSCVAVPRISSSPRPL-------AWWEGDRKFLCPLC 53

PHD finger 1 found in Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) and similar proteins; Drosophila melanogaster Lid, also termed Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog, is identified genetically as a trithorax group (trxG) protein that is a Drosophila homolog of the human protein JARID1A/kdm5A, a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. Lid functions as a JmjC-dependent trimethyl histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Lid contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger of Lid.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15605      1 VCHTCGRGDGEESMLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLLPPLSEVPKGDWRCPKC 46

PHD finger 1 found in lysine-specific demethylase 5B (KDM5B); KDM5B (also termed Cancer/testis antigen 31 (CT31), Histone demethylase JARID1B, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B), PLU-1, or retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog 1 (RBP2-H1 or RBBP2H1A)) is a member of the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of pregnant females and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase that catalyzes the removal of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It also mediates demethylation of H3K4me2 and H3K4me1. Moreover, KDM5B functions as a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and progenitor cell activity. KDM5B has also been shown to interact with the DNA binding transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9, as well as TIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10), and possibly function as a transcriptional corepressor. KDM5B contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15603      1 VCLVCGSGNDEDRLLLCDGCDDSYHTFCLIPPLHDVPKGDWRCPKC 46

jmjN domain;

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462632146   15 PVFEPSWAEFQDPLGYIAKIRPIAEKSGICKIRP 48
Cdd:pfam02375    1 PVFYPTEEEFKDPLKYIEKIRPLGEKYGICKIVP 34

PHD finger found in Remodeling and spacing factor 1 (Rsf-1); Rsf-1, also termed HBV pX-associated protein 8, or Hepatitis B virus X-associated protein alpha (HBxAPalpha), or p325 subunit of RSF chromatin-remodeling complex, is a novel nuclear protein with histone chaperon function. It is a subunit of an ISWI chromatin remodeling complex, remodeling and spacing factor (RSF), and plays a role in mediating ATPase-dependent chromatin remodeling and conferring tumor aggressiveness in common carcinomas. As an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-dependent chromatin remodeler, Rsf-1 facilitates DNA damage checkpoints and homologous recombination repair. It regulates the mitotic spindle checkpoint and chromosome instability through the association with serine/threonine kinase BubR1 (BubR1) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) in the chromatin fraction during mitosis. It also interacts with cyclin E1 and promotes tumor development. Rsf-1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15543      2 CRKCGLSDHPEWILLCDRCDAGYHTACLRPPLMIIPDGNWFCPPC 46

PHD-finger; PHD folds into an interleaved type of Zn-finger chelating 2 Zn ions in a similar manner to that of the RING and FYVE domains. Several PHD fingers have been identified as binding modules of methylated histone H3.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLP--EIPRGIWRCPKCI 317
Cdd:pfam00628    1 YCAVCGKSDDGGELVQCDGCDDWFHLACLGPPLDpaEIPSGEWLCPECK 49

PHD finger 1 found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid2 complex component Lid2p and similar proteins; Lid2p is a trimethyl H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. It interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, and mediates H3K9 methylation and small RNA production. It also acts cooperatively with the histone modification enzymes Set1 and Lsd1 and plays an essential role in cross-talk between H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin. Lid2p contains a JmjC domain, three PHD fingers and a JmjN domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15519      2 CEVCGLDDNEGEVLLCDGCDAEYHTSCLDPPLGEIPPGTWFCPSC 46

PHD finger found in bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 2A (BAZ2A); BAZ2A, also termed transcription termination factor I-interacting protein 5 (TTF-I-interacting protein 5, or Tip5), or WALp3, is an epigenetic regulator. It has been implicated in epigenetic rRNA gene silencing, as the large subunit of the SNF2h-containing chromatin-remodeling complex NoRC that induces nucleosome sliding in an ATP- and histone H4 tail-dependent fashion. BAZ2A has also been shown to be broadly overexpressed in prostate cancer, to regulate numerous protein-coding genes and to cooperate with EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homolog 2) to maintain epigenetic silencing at genes repressed in prostate cancer metastasis. Its overexpression is tightly associated with a prostate cancer subtype displaying CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) in tumors and with prostate cancer recurrence in patients. It contains a TAM (TIP5/ARBP/MBD) domain, a DDT domain, four AT-hooks, BAZ 1 and BAZ 2 motifs, a WAKZ (WSTF/Acf1/KIAA0314/ZK783.4) motif, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKCI 317
Cdd:cd15629      2 CLVCRKGDNDEYLLLCDGCDRGCHMYCHRPKMLQVPEGDWFCPNCV 47

PHD finger found in PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 1 (PHRF1); PHRF1, also termed KIAA1542, or CTD-binding SR-like protein rA9, is a ubiquitin ligase that induces the ubiquitination of TGIF (TG-interacting factor) at lysine 130. It acts as a tumor suppressor that promotes the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta cytostatic program through selective release of TGIF-driven promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) inactivation. PHRF1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a RING finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15536      2 CEVCGRSDREDRLLLCDGCDAGYHMECLTPPLDEVPIEEWFCPEC 46

PHD finger 2 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEddkLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15532      2 CRVCKDGGE---LLCCDGCPSSYHLHCLNPPLAEIPDGDWFCPRC 43

PHD finger 2 found in Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C) and 2D (KMT2D); KMT2C, also termed myeloid/lymphoid or mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) or homologous to ALR protein, is a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) lysine methyltransferase that functions as a circadian factor contributing to genome-scale circadian transcription. It is a component of a large complex that acts as a coactivator of multiple transcription factors, including the bile acid (BA)-activated nuclear receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a critical player in BA homeostasis. The MLL3 complex is essential for p53 transactivation of small heterodimer partner (SHP). KMT2C is also a part of activating signal cointegrator-2 (ASC-2)-containing complex (ASCOM) that contains the transcriptional coactivator nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCOA6), KMT2C and its paralog MLL4. The ASCOM complex is critical for nuclear receptor (NR) activation of bile acid transporter genes and is down regulated in cholestasis. KMT2D, also termed ALL1-related protein (ALR), is encoded by the gene that was named MLL4, a fourth human homolog of Drosophila trithorax, located on chromosome 12. It enzymatically generates trimethylated histone H3 Lysine 4 (H3K4me3). It plays an essential role in differentiating the human pluripotent embryonal carcinoma cell line NTERA-2 clone D1 (NT2/D1) stem cells by activating differentiation-specific genes, such as HOXA1-3 and NESTIN. KMT2D is also a part of ASCOM. Both KMT2C and KMT2D contain the catalytic domain SET, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, two extended PHD (ePHD) fingers, Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His, a RING finger, an HMG (high-mobilitygroup)-binding motif, and two FY-rich regions. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15510      1 VCQACRQPGDDTKMLVCETCDKGYHTSCLRPVMSSIPKYGWKCKNC 46

PHD finger 2 found in d4 gene family proteins; The family includes proteins coded by three members of the d4 gene family, DPF1 (neuro-d4), DPF2 (ubi-d4/Requiem), and DPF3 (cer-d4), which function as transcription factors and are involved in transcriptional regulation of genes by changing the condensed/decondensed state of chromatin in the nucleus. DPF2 is ubiquitously expressed and it acts as a transcription factor that may participate in developmentally programmed cell death. DPF1 and DPF3 are expressed predominantly in neural tissues, and they may be involved in the transcription regulation of neuro-specific gene clusters. The d4 family proteins show distinct domain organization with domain 2/3 in the N-terminal region, a Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger or Kruppel-type zinc finger in the central part and two adjacent plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers (d4-domain) in the C-terminal part of the molecule. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15530      2 CSLCGTSENDDQLLFCDDCDRGYHMYCLSPPMSEPPEGSWSCHLC 46

PHD finger 2 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A); KDM5A (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1A, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1A, or Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBBP-2 or RBP2)) was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK, and BMAL1. KDM5A functions as a trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase that belongs to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It also displays DNA-binding activities that can recognize the specific DNA sequence CCGCCC. KDM5A contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146 1130 CVCGQVPAGVgVLQCDLCQDWFHGQCVSVPHLLTSPKPsltsSPLLAWWEWDTKFLCPLC 1189
Cdd:cd15606      2 CICRKPFSGF-MLQCELCKDWFHSSCVPLPKSSSQKKG----GNGSGQGAKELKFLCPLC 56

PHD finger found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein UHRF1 and UHRF2; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumour suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal RING finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRG-IWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15525      2 CHVCGGKQDPEKQLLCDECDMAYHLYCLDPPLTSLPDDdEWYCPDC 47

PHD finger 2 found in PHD finger protein 10 (PHF10) and similar proteins; PHF10, also termed BRG1-associated factor 45a (BAF45a), or XAP135, is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator that is required for maintaining the undifferentiated status of neuroblasts. It contains a SAY (supporter of activation of yellow) domain and two adjacent plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462632146  272 CQVCSRGDEDDKLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLlpPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15529      2 CTKCGDPHDEDKMMFCDQCDRGYHTFCV--GLRSIPDGRWICPLC 44

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21A (PHF21A); PHF21A (also termed BHC80a or BRAF35-HDAC complex protein BHC80) along with HDAC1/2, CtBP1, CoREST, and BRAF35, is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase. It inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHF21A is predominantly present in the central nervous system and spermatogenic cells and is one of the six components of BRAF-HDAC complex (BHC) involved in REST-dependent transcriptional repression of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It acts as a scaffold protein in BHC in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells and also plays a role in spermatogenesis. PHF21A contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that is responsible for the binding directly to each of five other components of BHC, and of organizing BHC mediating transcriptional repression.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  271 ICQVCSRGDEddkLLFCDGCDDNYHIFCLLPPLPEIPRGIWRCPKC 316
Cdd:cd15523      1 FCSVCRKSGE---LLMCDTCSLVYHLDCLDPPLKTIPKGMWICPKC 43

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of AT-rich interactive domain-containing proteins ARID5A, ARID5B, and similar proteins; This subfamily contains ARID5A and its paralog ARID5B. ARID5A, also called modulator recognition factor 1 (MRF-1), is an estrogen receptor alpha (ER alpha)-interacting protein that is expressed abundantly in cardiovascular tissues and suppresses ER alpha-induced transactivation. It also plays an important role in the promotion of inflammatory processes and autoimmune diseases. ARID5B, also called MRF1-like protein or modulator recognition factor 2 (MRF-2), is a DNA-binding protein that directly interacts with plant homeodomain (PHD) finger 2 (PHF2) to form a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent PHF2-ARID5B histone H3K9Me2 demethylase complex. It also functions as a transcriptional co-regulator for the transcription factor sex determining region Y (SRY)-box protein 9 (Sox9) and promotes chondrogenesis through histone modification. Moreover, ARID5B is highly expressed in the cardiovascular system and may play essential roles in the phenotypic change of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) through its regulation of SMC differentiation. Both ARID5A and ARID5B contain an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT).

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462632146  101 KIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPG-KNIGSLLRSHYERIIYPYE 165
Cdd:cd16869     22 RIPHLGFKQIDLYTFFKLVQKLGGYEQVTAKRLWKHVYDELGGNPSsTSAATCTRRHYEKLLLPYE 87

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of yeast SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit Swi1p and similar proteins; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Swi1p, also called SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit SWI1, regulatory protein GAM3, or transcription regulatory protein ADR6, is a transcription regulatory protein that is a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, which plays critical roles in the regulation of gene transcription and expression. It can exist as a prion, [SWI(+)], which demonstrates a link between prionogenesis and global transcriptional regulation. Swi1p contains an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT) that binds DNA nonspecifically. This subfamily also includes Schizosaccharomyces pombe SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex subunit sol1 (sol1p, also known as switch one-like protein). sol1p is a homolog of S. cerevisiae Swi1p and is also a part of SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462632146   96 QGSSLK-IPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGK--NIGSLLRSHYERIIYPYE 165
Cdd:cd16871     17 RGTPIEqQPVIGGRPVNLFRLYQLVQKLGGSRQVTQNNQWPRVAQKLGFPPEQnpQVAQQLAQIYQRYLLPYE 89

ARID/BRIGHT DNA binding domain of AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 3C (ARID3C) and similar proteins; ARID3C, also called Brightlike, is a new ARID3 family transcription factor that co-activates ARID3A-mediated immunoglobulin gene transcription. It also functions as a potential regulator of early events in B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling. ARID3C contains an AT-rich DNA-interacting domain (ARID, also known as BRIGHT), a SUMO-I conjugation (SUMO) motif and a multifunctional homomerization/nuclear export REKLES domain, which consists of two subdomains: a modestly conserved N-terminal REKLES alpha and a highly conserved (among ARID3 orthologous proteins) C-terminal REKLES beta.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462632146   70 QRLNELEAQTRVKlNYLDQIAKFWEIQGSSL-KIPNVERKILDLYSLSKIVIEEGGYEAICKDRRWARVAQRLHYPPGKN 148
Cdd:cd16880      5 KQLYELDDDPKRK-EFLDDLFSFMQKRGTPVnRIPIMAKQVLDLYTLYRLVTDKGGLVEVINKKIWREITKGLSLPTSIT 83

                           90
                   ....*....|....*...
gi 2462632146  149 IGSL-LRSHYERIIYPYE 165
Cdd:cd16880     84 SAAFtLRTQYMKYLYPYE 101