M13 family metallopeptidase similar to neutral endopeptidase (neprilysin), which degrades and inactivates bioactive peptides, and to endothelin-converting enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of the bond between Trp-21 and Val-22 in big endothelin to form endothelin 1
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of ...
102-751
0e+00
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of metallopeptidases includes neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP, enkephalinase, CD10, CALLA, EC 3.4.24.11), endothelin-converting enzyme I (ECE-1, EC 3.4.24.71), erythrocyte surface antigen KELL (ECE-3), phosphate-regulating gene on the X chromosome (PHEX), soluble secreted endopeptidase (SEP), and damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE)/X-converting enzyme (XCE). Proteins in this family fulfill a broad range of physiological roles due to the greater variation in the active site's S2' subsite allowing substrate specificity. NEP is expressed in a variety of tissues including kidney and brain, and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including blood pressure and inflammatory response. It degrades a wide array of substrates such as substance P, enkephalins, cholecystokinin, neurotensin and somatostatin. It is an important enzyme in the regulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein that forms amyloid plaques that are associated with Alzeimers disease (AD). ECE-1 catalyzes the final rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of endothelins via post-translational conversion of the biologically inactive big endothelins. Like NEP, it also hydrolyzes bradykinin, substance P, neurotensin, and Abeta. Endothelin-1 overproduction has been implicated in various diseases including stroke, asthma, hypertension, and cardiac and renal failure. Kell is a homolog of NEP and constitutes a major antigen on human erythrocytes; it preferentially cleaves big endothelin-3 to produce bioactive endothelin-3, but is also known to cleave substance P and neurokinin A. PHEX forms a complex interaction with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, causing bone mineralization. A loss-of-function mutation in PHEX disrupts this interaction leading to hypophosphatemic rickets; X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets is the most common form of metabolic rickets. ECEL1 is a brain metalloprotease which plays a critical role in the nervous regulation of the respiratory system, while DINE is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus and its expression responds to nerve injury. A majority of these M13 proteases are prime therapeutic targets for selective inhibition.
:
Pssm-ID: 341056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 642 Bit Score: 848.96 E-value: 0e+00
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of ...
102-751
0e+00
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of metallopeptidases includes neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP, enkephalinase, CD10, CALLA, EC 3.4.24.11), endothelin-converting enzyme I (ECE-1, EC 3.4.24.71), erythrocyte surface antigen KELL (ECE-3), phosphate-regulating gene on the X chromosome (PHEX), soluble secreted endopeptidase (SEP), and damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE)/X-converting enzyme (XCE). Proteins in this family fulfill a broad range of physiological roles due to the greater variation in the active site's S2' subsite allowing substrate specificity. NEP is expressed in a variety of tissues including kidney and brain, and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including blood pressure and inflammatory response. It degrades a wide array of substrates such as substance P, enkephalins, cholecystokinin, neurotensin and somatostatin. It is an important enzyme in the regulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein that forms amyloid plaques that are associated with Alzeimers disease (AD). ECE-1 catalyzes the final rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of endothelins via post-translational conversion of the biologically inactive big endothelins. Like NEP, it also hydrolyzes bradykinin, substance P, neurotensin, and Abeta. Endothelin-1 overproduction has been implicated in various diseases including stroke, asthma, hypertension, and cardiac and renal failure. Kell is a homolog of NEP and constitutes a major antigen on human erythrocytes; it preferentially cleaves big endothelin-3 to produce bioactive endothelin-3, but is also known to cleave substance P and neurokinin A. PHEX forms a complex interaction with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, causing bone mineralization. A loss-of-function mutation in PHEX disrupts this interaction leading to hypophosphatemic rickets; X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets is the most common form of metabolic rickets. ECEL1 is a brain metalloprotease which plays a critical role in the nervous regulation of the respiratory system, while DINE is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus and its expression responds to nerve injury. A majority of these M13 proteases are prime therapeutic targets for selective inhibition.
Pssm-ID: 341056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 642 Bit Score: 848.96 E-value: 0e+00
Peptidase family M13; M13 peptidases are well-studied proteases found in a wide range of ...
104-490
4.39e-161
Peptidase family M13; M13 peptidases are well-studied proteases found in a wide range of organizms including mammals and bacteria. In mammals they participate in processes such as cardiovascular development, blood-pressure regulation, nervous control of respiration, and regulation of the function of neuropeptides in the central nervous system. In bacteria they may be used for digestion of milk.
Pssm-ID: 461703 Cd Length: 382 Bit Score: 471.01 E-value: 4.39e-161
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of ...
102-751
0e+00
Peptidase family M13 includes neprilysin and endothelin-converting enzyme I; The M13 family of metallopeptidases includes neprilysin (neutral endopeptidase, NEP, enkephalinase, CD10, CALLA, EC 3.4.24.11), endothelin-converting enzyme I (ECE-1, EC 3.4.24.71), erythrocyte surface antigen KELL (ECE-3), phosphate-regulating gene on the X chromosome (PHEX), soluble secreted endopeptidase (SEP), and damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE)/X-converting enzyme (XCE). Proteins in this family fulfill a broad range of physiological roles due to the greater variation in the active site's S2' subsite allowing substrate specificity. NEP is expressed in a variety of tissues including kidney and brain, and is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, including blood pressure and inflammatory response. It degrades a wide array of substrates such as substance P, enkephalins, cholecystokinin, neurotensin and somatostatin. It is an important enzyme in the regulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein that forms amyloid plaques that are associated with Alzeimers disease (AD). ECE-1 catalyzes the final rate-limiting step in the biosynthesis of endothelins via post-translational conversion of the biologically inactive big endothelins. Like NEP, it also hydrolyzes bradykinin, substance P, neurotensin, and Abeta. Endothelin-1 overproduction has been implicated in various diseases including stroke, asthma, hypertension, and cardiac and renal failure. Kell is a homolog of NEP and constitutes a major antigen on human erythrocytes; it preferentially cleaves big endothelin-3 to produce bioactive endothelin-3, but is also known to cleave substance P and neurokinin A. PHEX forms a complex interaction with fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, causing bone mineralization. A loss-of-function mutation in PHEX disrupts this interaction leading to hypophosphatemic rickets; X-linked hypophosphatemic (XLH) rickets is the most common form of metabolic rickets. ECEL1 is a brain metalloprotease which plays a critical role in the nervous regulation of the respiratory system, while DINE is abundantly expressed in the hypothalamus and its expression responds to nerve injury. A majority of these M13 proteases are prime therapeutic targets for selective inhibition.
Pssm-ID: 341056 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 642 Bit Score: 848.96 E-value: 0e+00
Peptidase family M13; M13 peptidases are well-studied proteases found in a wide range of ...
104-490
4.39e-161
Peptidase family M13; M13 peptidases are well-studied proteases found in a wide range of organizms including mammals and bacteria. In mammals they participate in processes such as cardiovascular development, blood-pressure regulation, nervous control of respiration, and regulation of the function of neuropeptides in the central nervous system. In bacteria they may be used for digestion of milk.
Pssm-ID: 461703 Cd Length: 382 Bit Score: 471.01 E-value: 4.39e-161
Peptidase family M13; Mammalian enzymes are typically type-II membrane anchored enzymes which ...
549-752
9.66e-83
Peptidase family M13; Mammalian enzymes are typically type-II membrane anchored enzymes which are known, or believed to activate or inactivate oligopeptide (pro)-hormones such as opioid peptides. The family also contains a bacterial member believed to be involved with milk protein cleavage.
Pssm-ID: 279739 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 205 Bit Score: 261.58 E-value: 9.66e-83
Gluzincin Peptidase family (thermolysin-like proteinases, TLPs) which includes peptidases M1, ...
448-660
7.13e-16
Gluzincin Peptidase family (thermolysin-like proteinases, TLPs) which includes peptidases M1, M2, M3, M4, M13, M32 and M36 (fungalysins); The Gluzincin family (thermolysin-like peptidases or TLPs) includes several zinc-dependent metallopeptidases such as M1, M2, M3, M4, M13, M32, M36 peptidases (MEROPS classification), which contain the HEXXH motif as part of their active site. Peptidases in this family bind a single catalytic zinc ion which is tetrahedrally co-ordinated by three amino acid ligands and a water molecule that forms the nucleophile on activation during catalysis. The M1 family includes aminopeptidase N (APN) and leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H). APN preferentially cleaves neutral amino acids from the N-terminus of oligopeptides and is present in a variety of human tissues and cell types. LTA4H is a bifunctional enzyme, possessing an aminopeptidase as well as an epoxide hydrolase activity such that the two activities occupy different, but overlapping sites. The M3_like peptidases include the M2_ACE, M3 or neurolysin-like family (subfamilies M3B_PepF and M3A) and M32_Taq peptidases. The M2 peptidase angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE, EC 3.4.15.1) catalyzes the conversion of decapeptide angiotensin I to the potent vasopressor octapeptide angiotensin II. ACE is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system that regulates blood pressure, thus ACE inhibitors are important for the treatment of hypertension. M3A includes thimet oligopeptidase (TOP; endopeptidase 3.4.24.15), neurolysin (3.4.24.16), and the mitochondrial intermediate peptidase; and M3B includes oligopeptidase F. The M32 family includes eukaryotic enzymes from protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, a causative agent of Chagas' disease, and from Leishmania major, a parasite that causes leishmaniasis, making these enzymes attractive targets for drug development. The M4 family includes secreted protease thermolysin (EC 3.4.24.27), pseudolysin, aureolysin, and neutral protease as well as bacillolysin (EC 3.4.24.28) that degrade extracellular proteins and peptides for bacterial nutrition, especially prior to sporulation. Thermolysin is widely used as a nonspecific protease to obtain fragments for peptide sequencing as well as in production of the artificial sweetener aspartame. The M13 family includes neprilysin (EC 3.4.24.11) and endothelin-converting enzyme I (ECE-1, EC 3.4.24.71), which fulfill a broad range of physiological roles due to the greater variation in the S2' subsite allowing substrate specificity and are prime therapeutic targets for selective inhibition. The peptidase M36 fungalysin family includes endopeptidases from pathogenic fungi. Fungalysin hydrolyzes extracellular matrix proteins such as elastin and keratin. Aspergillus fumigatus causes the pulmonary disease aspergillosis by invading the lungs of immuno-compromised animals and secreting fungalysin that possibly breaks down proteinaceous structural barriers.
Pssm-ID: 341057 [Multi-domain] Cd Length: 105 Bit Score: 73.67 E-value: 7.13e-16
Peptidase M4 family containing mostly uncharacterized proteins; This family of uncharacterized ...
513-617
4.06e-03
Peptidase M4 family containing mostly uncharacterized proteins; This family of uncharacterized bacterial proteins are homologs of the M4 peptidase family that is also known as the thermolysin-like peptidase (TLP) family. Typically, the M4 peptidases consist of a presequence (signal sequence), a propeptide sequence and a peptidase unit. The presequence is cleaved off during export while the propeptide has inhibitory and chaperone functions and facilitates folding. The propeptide remains attached until the peptidase is secreted and can be safely activated. All peptidases in this family bind a single catalytic zinc ion which is tetrahedrally co-ordinated by three amino acid ligands and a water molecule that forms the nucleophile on activation during catalysis. TLPs are secreted eubacterial endopeptidases from Gram-positive or Gram-negative sources that degrade extracellular proteins and peptides for bacterial nutrition. They contain the HEXXH motif as part of their active site and belong to the Gluzincins family and are selectively inhibited by Steptomyces metalloproteinase inhibitor (SMPI) as well as by phosphoramidon from Streptomyces tanashiensis. A large number of these enzymes are implicated as key factors in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma, cholera and several types of bacterial infections, and are therefore important drug targets. Some enzymes of the family can function at extremes of temperatures, while some function in organic solvents, thus rendering them novel targets for biotechnological applications.
Pssm-ID: 341061 Cd Length: 263 Bit Score: 39.60 E-value: 4.06e-03
Database: CDSEARCH/cdd Low complexity filter: no Composition Based Adjustment: yes E-value threshold: 0.01
References:
Wang J et al. (2023), "The conserved domain database in 2023", Nucleic Acids Res.51(D)384-8.
Lu S et al. (2020), "The conserved domain database in 2020", Nucleic Acids Res.48(D)265-8.
Marchler-Bauer A et al. (2017), "CDD/SPARCLE: functional classification of proteins via subfamily domain architectures.", Nucleic Acids Res.45(D)200-3.
of the residues that compose this conserved feature have been mapped to the query sequence.
Click on the triangle to view details about the feature, including a multiple sequence alignment
of your query sequence and the protein sequences used to curate the domain model,
where hash marks (#) above the aligned sequences show the location of the conserved feature residues.
The thumbnail image, if present, provides an approximate view of the feature's location in 3 dimensions.
Click on the triangle for interactive 3D structure viewing options.
Functional characterization of the conserved domain architecture found on the query.
Click here to see more details.
This image shows a graphical summary of conserved domains identified on the query sequence.
The Show Concise/Full Display button at the top of the page can be used to select the desired level of detail: only top scoring hits
(labeled illustration) or all hits
(labeled illustration).
Domains are color coded according to superfamilies
to which they have been assigned. Hits with scores that pass a domain-specific threshold
(specific hits) are drawn in bright colors.
Others (non-specific hits) and
superfamily placeholders are drawn in pastel colors.
if a domain or superfamily has been annotated with functional sites (conserved features),
they are mapped to the query sequence and indicated through sets of triangles
with the same color and shade of the domain or superfamily that provides the annotation. Mouse over the colored bars or triangles to see descriptions of the domains and features.
click on the bars or triangles to view your query sequence embedded in a multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
The table lists conserved domains identified on the query sequence. Click on the plus sign (+) on the left to display full descriptions, alignments, and scores.
Click on the domain model's accession number to view the multiple sequence alignment of the proteins used to develop the corresponding domain model.
To view your query sequence embedded in that multiple sequence alignment, click on the colored bars in the Graphical Summary portion of the search results page,
or click on the triangles, if present, that represent functional sites (conserved features)
mapped to the query sequence.
Concise Display shows only the best scoring domain model, in each hit category listed below except non-specific hits, for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Standard Display shows only the best scoring domain model from each source, in each hit category listed below for each region on the query sequence.
(labeled illustration) Full Display shows all domain models, in each hit category below, that meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance.
(labeled illustration) Four types of hits can be shown, as available,
for each region on the query sequence:
specific hits meet or exceed a domain-specific e-value threshold
(illustrated example)
and represent a very high confidence that the query sequence belongs to the same protein family as the sequences use to create the domain model
non-specific hits
meet or exceed the RPS-BLAST threshold for statistical significance (default E-value cutoff of 0.01, or an E-value selected by user via the
advanced search options)
the domain superfamily to which the specific and non-specific hits belong
multi-domain models that were computationally detected and are likely to contain multiple single domains
Retrieve proteins that contain one or more of the domains present in the query sequence, using the Conserved Domain Architecture Retrieval Tool
(CDART).
Modify your query to search against a different database and/or use advanced search options
