The PET domain of Prickle; The PET domain of Prickle: Prickle contains an N-terminal PET domain and three C-terminal LIM domains. Prickle has been implicated in regulation of cell movement in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway which requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled (Dsh); Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating the activity of Frizzled/Dishevelled and the PCP signaling. Two forms of Prickle have been identified, namely Prickle 1 and Prickle 2. These are differentially expressed; Prickle 1 is found in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, while Prickle 2 is expressed in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. The PET domain is a protein-protein interaction domain, usually found in conjunction with the LIM domain, which is also involved in protein-protein interactions. The PET containing proteins serve as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462530116  22 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLRPEQIQLYFACLPEEKVPYVNSPGEKHRIKQLLYQLPPHDNEVRYCQSLSEEEKKELQVFS 101
Cdd:cd09827     1 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLKPEQVHAYFSCLPEDKVPYVNSPGEKYRIKQLLHQLPPHDNEVRYCNSLSEEEKRELRLFS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 102 AQRKKEALGRGTIKLLS 118
Cdd:cd09827    81 AQRKREALGRGIVRPLP 97

The third LIM domain of Prickle; The third LIM domain of Prickle: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Two forms of prickles have been identified; namely prickle 1 and prickle 2. Prickle 1 and prickle 2 are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 249 EYCETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHATEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSKTCS 307
Cdd:cd09420     1 EYCDTCGEHIGVDQGQMTYDGQHWHATEKCFCCAQCKKSLLGRPFLPKQGQIYCSRACS 59

The PET domain of Prickle; The PET domain of Prickle: Prickle contains an N-terminal PET domain and three C-terminal LIM domains. Prickle has been implicated in regulation of cell movement in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway which requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled (Dsh); Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating the activity of Frizzled/Dishevelled and the PCP signaling. Two forms of Prickle have been identified, namely Prickle 1 and Prickle 2. These are differentially expressed; Prickle 1 is found in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, while Prickle 2 is expressed in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. The PET domain is a protein-protein interaction domain, usually found in conjunction with the LIM domain, which is also involved in protein-protein interactions. The PET containing proteins serve as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462530116  22 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLRPEQIQLYFACLPEEKVPYVNSPGEKHRIKQLLYQLPPHDNEVRYCQSLSEEEKKELQVFS 101
Cdd:cd09827     1 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLKPEQVHAYFSCLPEDKVPYVNSPGEKYRIKQLLHQLPPHDNEVRYCNSLSEEEKRELRLFS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 102 AQRKKEALGRGTIKLLS 118
Cdd:cd09827    81 AQRKREALGRGIVRPLP 97

The first LIM domain of Prickle 1; The first LIM domain of Prickle 1. Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Four forms of prickles have been identified: prickle 1-4. The best characterized is prickle 1 and prickle 2 which are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in mainly expressed in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. In addition, Prickle 1 regulates cell movements during gastrulation and neuronal migration through interaction with the noncanonical Wnt11/Wnt5 pathway in zebrafish. Mutations in prickle 1 have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 184
Cdd:cd09483     1 CEQCGIKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 59

The second LIM domain of Prickle; The second LIM domain of Prickle: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Two forms of prickles have been identified; namely prickle 1 and prickle 2. Prickle 1 and prickle 2 are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 189 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFE 244
Cdd:cd09418     1 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCFECECQLGGQRYIMREGRPYCCHCFE 56

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462530116  190 RCSACDEIIFADECT-EAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:smart00132   1 KCAGCGKPIYGTERVlRALGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYC 51

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRagpgvCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHAEL 186
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNRPIYDRELVRALGK-----VWHPECFRCAVCGKPLTTGDFYEKDGKLYCKHDYYKL 56

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 251 CETCGEhiGVDHAQMTY-DGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLL-GCPFLpKQGQIYCSK 304
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNR--PIYDRELVRaLGKVWH--PECFRCAVCGKPLTtGDFYE-KDGKLYCKH 51

The PET domain of Prickle; The PET domain of Prickle: Prickle contains an N-terminal PET domain and three C-terminal LIM domains. Prickle has been implicated in regulation of cell movement in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway which requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled (Dsh); Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating the activity of Frizzled/Dishevelled and the PCP signaling. Two forms of Prickle have been identified, namely Prickle 1 and Prickle 2. These are differentially expressed; Prickle 1 is found in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, while Prickle 2 is expressed in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. The PET domain is a protein-protein interaction domain, usually found in conjunction with the LIM domain, which is also involved in protein-protein interactions. The PET containing proteins serve as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462530116  22 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLRPEQIQLYFACLPEEKVPYVNSPGEKHRIKQLLYQLPPHDNEVRYCQSLSEEEKKELQVFS 101
Cdd:cd09827     1 SDDDSGCALEEYAWVPPGLKPEQVHAYFSCLPEDKVPYVNSPGEKYRIKQLLHQLPPHDNEVRYCNSLSEEEKRELRLFS 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 102 AQRKKEALGRGTIKLLS 118
Cdd:cd09827    81 AQRKREALGRGIVRPLP 97

The first LIM domain of Prickle 1; The first LIM domain of Prickle 1. Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Four forms of prickles have been identified: prickle 1-4. The best characterized is prickle 1 and prickle 2 which are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in mainly expressed in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. In addition, Prickle 1 regulates cell movements during gastrulation and neuronal migration through interaction with the noncanonical Wnt11/Wnt5 pathway in zebrafish. Mutations in prickle 1 have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 184
Cdd:cd09483     1 CEQCGIKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 59

The first LIM domain of Prickle; The first LIM domain of Prickle: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Four forms of prickles have been identified: prickle 1-4. The best characterized is prickle 1 and prickle 2 which are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. Mutations in prickle 1 have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 184
Cdd:cd09415     1 CEQCGEQISGGDIAVFASRAGPGACWHPACFVCSTCKELLVDLIYFYQDGKVYCGRHHA 59

The second LIM domain of Prickle; The second LIM domain of Prickle: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Two forms of prickles have been identified; namely prickle 1 and prickle 2. Prickle 1 and prickle 2 are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 189 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFE 244
Cdd:cd09418     1 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCFECECQLGGQRYIMREGRPYCCHCFE 56

The first LIM domain of Prickle 2; The first LIM domain of Prickle 2: Prickle contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a N-terminal PET domain. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). PCP establishment requires the conserved Frizzled/Dishevelled PCP pathway. Prickle interacts with Dishevelled, thereby modulating Frizzled/Dishevelled activity and PCP signaling. Four forms of prickles have been identified: prickle 1-4. The best characterized is prickle 1 and prickle 2 which are differentially expressed. While prickle 1 is expressed in fetal heart and hematological malignancies, prickle 2 is found in fetal brain, adult cartilage, pancreatic islet, and some types of timorous cells. Mutations in prickle 1 have been linked to progressive myoclonus epilepsy. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHA 184
Cdd:cd09484     1 CEQCGGQINGGDIAVFASRAGHGVCWHPQCFVCSVCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIYCGRHHA 59

The second LIM domain of Testin-like family; The second LIM domain of Testin-like family: This family includes testin, prickle, dyxin and LIMPETin. Structurally, testin and prickle proteins contain three LIM domains at C-terminal; LIMPETin has six LIM domains; and dyxin presents only two LIM domains. However, all members of the family contain a PET protein-protein interaction domain. Testin is a cytoskeleton associated focal adhesion protein that localizes along actin stress fibers, at cell-cell-contact areas, and at focal adhesion plaques. Testin interacts with a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, including zyxin, mena, VASP, talin, and actin and it is involved in cell motility and adhesion events. Prickles have been implicated in roles of regulating tissue polarity or planar cell polarity (PCP). Dyxin involves in lung and heart development by interaction with GATA6 and blocking GATA6 activated target genes. LIMPETin might be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and four and half LIM proteins and its function is not well understood. As in other LIM domains, this domain family is 50-60 amino acids in size and shares two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 189 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFE 244
Cdd:cd09341     1 PRCAACDELIFSGEYTQAEGKNWHLKHFCCFQCDEPLGGQRYVLREGKPYCLDCYE 56

The PET domain of protein LIMPETin and LIM-9; The PET domain of protein LIMPETin and LIM-9: Members of this family contain an N-terminal PETdomain and five to six LIM domains at the C-terminus. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four-and-half LIM (FHL) domain family while the other two show sequence similarity to LIM domains of the Testin family. Thus, proteins of this family may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Thus, proteins of this family may be the recombinant product of genes coding Testin and FHL proteins. SmLIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult males. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. In C. elegans, LIM-9 binds to UNC-97 and UNC-96, components of sarcomeric muscle M-lines. LIM-9 also forms a complex with SCPL-1 and UNC-89, whose function is to organize sarcomeric A-bands, especially the M-line of muscle. Thus, it might play a role in regulating the assembly and maintenance of muscle A-band. The PET domain is a protein-protein interaction domain and is usually found in conjunction with LIM domain, which is also involved in protein-protein interactions. The PET containing proteins serve as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462530116  31 EEYAWVPPGLRPEQIQLYFACLPEEKVPYVNSPGEKHRIKQLLYQLPPHDNEVRYCQSLSEEEKKELQVFSAQRKKEALG 110
Cdd:cd09830     1 LGYTWVPPGLSSTKIDDYMSSLPNEKVPKLGSPGERYREKQLILQLPKQDLSLAYCKHLEEDEKRSFEDFVNARNEIALG 80

                  ..
gi 2462530116 111 RG 112
Cdd:cd09830    81 IG 82

The first LIM domain of Testin; The first LIM domain of Testin: Testin contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a PET protein-protein interaction domain at the N-terminal. Testin is a cytoskeleton associated focal adhesion protein that localizes along actin stress fibers, at cell-cell-contact areas, and at focal adhesion plaques. Testin interacts with a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, including zyxin, mena, VASP, talin, and actin and it is involved in cell motility and adhesion events. Knockout mice experiments reveal that tumor repressor function of Testin. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHH 183
Cdd:cd09413     1 CYCCKQPMKEGDPAVYAERAGYDKLWHPACFVCSTCGELLVDMIYFWKNGKLYCGRHY 58

The first LIM domain of protein LIMPETin; The first LIM domain of protein LIMPETin: LIMPETin contains 6 LIM domains at the C-terminal and an N-terminal PET domain. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four and half LIM domain protein family and two of them show sequence similarity to the LIM domains of the Testin family. Thus, LIMPETin may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAGPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHH 183
Cdd:cd09414     1 CGGCSEPLKYGELAVTAPKFGESLLWHPACFRCSTCEELLVDLTYCVHDDQIYCERHY 58

The second LIM domain of protein LIMPETin and related proteins; The second LIM domain of protein LIMPETin: LIMPETin contains 6 LIM domains at the C-terminal and an N-terminal PET domain. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four and half LIM domain protein family and two of them show sequence similarity to the LIM domains of the testin family. Thus, LIMPETin may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 189 PRCSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFE 244
Cdd:cd09417     1 DRSVQCDELIFSGEYTKAMNKDWHSGHFCCWQCDESLTGQRYVLRDEHPYCIKCYE 56

Zinc-binding domain present in Lin-11, Isl-1, Mec-3; Zinc-binding domain family. Some LIM domains bind protein partners via tyrosine-containing motifs. LIM domains are found in many key regulators of developmental pathways.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116  125 VCEQCGLKINGGEVAVFAsragPGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRH 182
Cdd:smart00132   1 KCAGCGKPIYGTERVLRA----LGKVWHPECFKCATCGKPLSGDTFFEKDGKLYCKDC 54

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFESLY 247
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNRPIYDRELVRALGKVWHPECFRCAVCGKPLTTGDFYEKDGKLYCKHDYYKLF 57

The third LIM domain of protein LIMPETin; The third LIM domain of protein LIMPETin: LIMPETin contains 6 LIM domains at the C-terminal and an N-terminal PET domain. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four and half LIM domain protein family and two of them show sequence similarity to the LIM domains of the testin family. Thus, LIMPETin may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116 247 YAEYCETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSK 304
Cdd:cd09421     1 FANQCEECSKIIGIDSKDLSYKDKHWH--EACFLCSKCKISLVDKPFGSKADRIYCGN 56

LIM domain; This family represents two copies of the LIM structural domain.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRagpgvCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRHHAEL 186
Cdd:pfam00412   1 CAGCNRPIYDRELVRALGK-----VWHPECFRCAVCGKPLTTGDFYEKDGKLYCKHDYYKL 56

The third LIM domain of Testin; The third LIM domain of Testin: Testin contains three C-terminal LIM domains and a PET protein-protein interaction domain at the N-terminal. Testin is a cytoskeleton associated focal adhesion protein that localizes along actin stress fibers at cell-cell-contact areas and at focal adhesion plaques. Testin interacts with a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, including zyxin, mena, VASP, talin, and actin and it is involved in cell motility and adhesion events. Knockout mice experiments reveal that tumor repressor function of Testin. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 251 CETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHATEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSKTC 306
Cdd:cd09419     1 CQGCHNAIDPEVQRVSYNNFHWHAEPECFLCSCCSKCLIGQKFMPVEGMVFCSVEC 56

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL): LIM-only protein family consists of five members, designated FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL5 and LIMPETin. The first four members are composed of four complete LIM domains arranged in tandem and an N-terminal single zinc finger domain with a consensus sequence equivalent to the C-terminal half of a LIM domain. LIMPETin is an exception, containing six LIM domains. FHL1, 2 and 3 are predominantly expressed in muscle tissues, and FHL5 is highly expressed in male germ cells. FHL proteins exert their roles as transcription co-activators or co-repressors through a wide array of interaction partners. For example, FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. FHL2 has shown to interact with more than 50 different proteins, including receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors and cofactors, signal transducers, splicing factors, DNA replication and repair enzymes, and metabolic enzymes. FHL3 int eracts with many transcription factors, such as CREB, BKLF/KLF3, CtBP2, MyoD, and MZF_1. FHL5 is a tissue-specific coactivator of CREB/CREM family transcription factors. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462530116 251 CETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSK 304
Cdd:cd09345     1 CKACGKAIMPGSKKMEYKGKFWH--EKCFTCSECKKPIGTKSFIPKDDKIYCVP 52

The first LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1; The first LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1): FHL1 is heavily expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It plays important roles in muscle growth, differentiation, and sarcomere assembly by acting as a modulator of transcription factors. Defects in FHL1 gene are responsible for a number of Muscular dystrophy-like muscle disorders. It has been detected that FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 2462530116 251 CETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSKTC 306
Cdd:cd09344     1 CAECRKPIGADSKELHHKNRYWH--ETCFRCAKCYKPLANEPFVAKDNKILCGKCT 54

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL): LIM-only protein family consists of five members, designated FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL5 and LIMPETin. The first four members are composed of four complete LIM domains arranged in tandem and an N-terminal single zinc finger domain with a consensus sequence equivalent to the C-terminal half of a LIM domain. LIMPETin is an exception, containing six LIM domains. FHL1, 2 and 3 are predominantly expressed in muscle tissues, and FHL5 is highly expressed in male germ cells. FHL proteins exert their roles as transcription co-activators or co-repressors through a wide array of interaction partners. For example, FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. FHL2 has shown to interact with more than 50 different proteins, including receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors and cofactors, signal transducers, splicing factors, DNA replication and repair enzymes, and metabolic enzymes. FHL3 int eracts with many transcription factors, such as CREB, BKLF/KLF3, CtBP2, MyoD, and MZF_1. FHL5 is a tissue-specific coactivator of CREB/CREM family transcription factors. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFA-DECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09345     1 CKACGKAIMPgSKKMEYKGKFWHEKCFTCSECKKPIGTKSFIPKDDKIYCVPCY 54

The fourth LIM domain of protein PINCH; The fourth LIM domain of protein PINCH: PINCH plays a pivotal role in the assembly of focal adhesions (FAs), regulating diverse functions in cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation through LIM-mediated protein-protein interactions. PINCH comprises an array of five LIM domains that interact with integrin-linked kinase (ILK), Nck2 (also called Nckbeta or Grb4) and other interaction partners. These interactions are essential for triggering the FA assembly and for relaying diverse mechanical and biochemical signals between Cell-extracellular matrix and the actin cytoskeleton. The PINCH LIM4 domain recognizes the third SH3 domain of another adaptor protein, Nck2. This step is an important component of integrin signaling event. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assem bly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462530116 189 PRCSACDEIIFADECTeAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:cd09334     1 PICGACRRPIEGRVVT-ALGKHWHVEHFVCAKCEKPFLGHRHYEKKGLAYC 50

The fourth LIM domain of protein LIMPETin; The fourth LIM domain of protein LIMPETin: LIMPETin contains 6 LIM domains at the C-terminal and an N-terminal PET domain. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four and half LIM domain protein family and two of them show sequence similarity to the LIM domains of the Testin family. Thus, LIMPETin may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462530116 251 CETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSK 304
Cdd:cd09425     1 CDGCGEIFRAGMKKMEYKGQQWH--EKCFCCCECKQPIGTKSFIPKDDDVYCVP 52

The fourth LIM domain of protein LIMPETin; The fourth LIM domain of protein LIMPETin: LIMPETin contains 6 LIM domains at the C-terminal and an N-terminal PET domain. Four of the six LIM domains are highly homologous to the four and half LIM domain protein family and two of them show sequence similarity to the LIM domains of the Testin family. Thus, LIMPETin may be the recombinant product of genes coding testin and FHL proteins. In Schistosoma mansoni, where LIMPETin was first identified, LIMPETin is down regulated in sexually mature adult Schistosoma females compared to sexually immature adult females and adult male. Its differential expression indicates that it is a transcription regulator. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFAD-ECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09425     1 CDGCGEIFRAGmKKMEYKGQQWHEKCFCCCECKQPIGTKSFIPKDDDVYCVPCY 54

The first LIM domain of Leupaxin; The first LIM domain of Leupaxin: Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. Leupaxin belongs to the paxillin focal adhesion protein family. Same as other members of the family, it has four leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminus and four LIM domains in the C-terminus. It may function in cell type-specific signaling by associating with interaction partners PYK2, FAK, PEP and p95PKL. When expressed in human leukocytic cells, leupaxin significantly suppressed integrin-mediated cell adhesion to fibronectin and the tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. These findings indicate that leupaxin may negatively regulate the functions of paxillin during integrin signaling. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIfADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:cd09406     3 CASCQKPI-AGQVVTALGQTWHPEHFVCCQCGKELGSRPFFERNGQAYC 50

The third LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins; The third LIM domain of actin binding LIM (abLIM) proteins: Three homologous members of the abLIM protein family have been identified; abLIM-1, abLIM-2 and abLIM-3. The N-terminal of abLIM consists of four tandem repeats of LIM domains and the C-terminal of acting binding LIM protein is a villin headpiece domain, which has strong actin binding activity. The abLIM-1, which is expressed in retina, brain, and muscle tissue, has been indicated to function as a tumor suppressor. AbLIM-2 and -3, mainly expressed in muscle and neuronal tissue, bind to F-actin strongly. They may serve as a scaffold for signaling modules of the actin cytoskeleton and thereby modulate transcription. It has shown that LIM domains of abLIMs interact with STARS (striated muscle activator of Rho signaling), which directly binds actin and stimulates serum-response factor (SRF)-dependent transcription. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic highly conserved zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQrYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:cd09329     1 CAGCGQEIKNGQALLALDKQWHVWCFKCKECGKVLTGE-YMGKDGKPYC 48

The fourth LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL); The fourth LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein (FHL): LIM-only protein family consists of five members, designated FHL1, FHL2, FHL3, FHL5 and LIMPETin. The first four members are composed of four complete LIM domains arranged in tandem and an N-terminal single zinc finger domain with a consensus sequence equivalent to the C-terminal half of a LIM domain. LIMPETin is an exception, containing six LIM domains. FHL1, 2 and 3 are predominantly expressed in muscle tissues, and FHL5 is highly expressed in male germ cells. FHL proteins exert their roles as transcription co-activators or co-repressors through a wide array of interaction partners. For example, FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. FHL2 has shown to interact with more than 50 different proteins, including receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors and cofactors, signal transducers, splicing factors, DNA replication and repair enzymes, and metabolic enzymes. FHL3 interacts with many transcription factors, such as CREB, BKLF/KLF3, CtBP2, MyoD, and MZF_1. FHL5 is a tissue-specific coactivator of CREB/CREM family transcription factors. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 266 TYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSK 304
Cdd:cd09347    18 SFEERQWH--SDCFNCGKCSVSLVGQGFLTQRDEILCPE 54

The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 2 (CRP2); The second LIM domain of Cysteine Rich Protein 2 (CRP2): Cysteine-rich proteins (CRPs) are characterized by the presence of two LIM domains linked to short glycine-rich repeats (GRRs). The CRP family members include CRP1, CRP2, CRP3/MLP and TLPCRP1, CRP2 and CRP3 share a conserved nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K), which supports the fact that these proteins function not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nucleus. CRPs control regulatory pathways during cellular differentiation, and involve in complex transcription circuits, and the organization as well as the arrangement of the myofibrillar/cytoskeletal network.CRP3 also called Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), which is a striated muscle-specific factor that enhances myogenic differentiation. The second LIM domain of CRP3/MLP interacts with cytoskeletal protein beta-spectrin. CRP3/MLP also interacts with the basic helix-loop-helix myogenic transcription factors MyoD, myogenin, and MRF4 thereby increasing their affinity for specific DNA regulatory elements. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09840     1 CSRCGDSVYAAEKIMGAGKPWHKNCFRCAKCGKSLESTTLTEKEGEIYCKGCY 53

The first LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 (FHL3); The first LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 3 (FHL3): FHL3 is highly expressed in the skeleton and cardiac muscles and possesses the transactivation and repression activities. FHL3 interacts with many transcription factors, such as CREB, BKLF/KLF3, CtBP2, MyoD, and MZF_1. Moreover, FHL3 interacts with alpha- and beta-subunits of the muscle alpha7beta1 integrin receptor. FHL3 was also proved to possess the auto-activation ability and was confirmed that the second zinc finger motif in fourth LIM domain was responsible for the auto-activation of FHL3. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 247 YAEYCETCGEHIGVDHAQMTYDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCS 303
Cdd:cd09423     1 FANTCDECKELIGHDSRELYYEDRHYH--EHCFRCFRCDRSLADEPFTCQDEELLCN 55

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 2 (FHL2): FHL2 is one of the best studied FHL proteins. FHL2 expression is most abundant in the heart, and in brain, liver and lung to a lesser extent. FHL2 participates in a wide range of cellular processes, such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction, and cell survival by binding to various protein partners. FHL2 has shown to interact with more than 50 different proteins, including receptors, structural proteins, transcription factors and cofactors, signal transducers, splicing factors, DNA replication and repair enzymes, and metabolic enzymes. Although FHL2 is abundantly expressed in heart, the fhl2 null mice are viable and had no detectable abnormal cardiac phenotype. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to s upport the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIF-ADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFE 244
Cdd:cd09426     1 CSECKKTIMpGTRKMEYKGNSWHETCFICQRCQQPIGTKSFIPKDNQNFCVPCYE 55

The third LIM domain of Enigma-like family; The third LIM domain of Enigma-like family: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. Enigma was initially characterized in humans and is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. The second member, ENH protein, was first identified in rat brain. It has been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFA-DECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:cd09363     1 CHGCDFPIEAgDRFLEALGHTWHDTCFVCAVCHVNLEGQTFYSKKDKPLC 50

The fourth LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1); The fourth LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1): FHL1 is heavily expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It plays important roles in muscle growth, differentiation, and sarcomere assembly by acting as a modulator of transcription factors. Defects in FHL1 gene are responsible for a number of Muscular dystrophy-like muscle disorders. It has been detected that FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 2462530116 267 YDGQHWHatEACFSCAQCKASLLGCPFLPKQGQIYCSKTCS 307
Cdd:cd09348    24 YEGSSWH--DYCFNCKKCSLNLANKRFVFHNGQIYCSDCAK 62

The LIM domain of ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) family; This family represents the LIM domain of ALP (actinin-associated LIM protein) family. Four proteins: ALP, CLP36, RIL, and Mystique have been classified into the ALP subfamily of LIM domain proteins. Each member of the subfamily contains an N-terminal PDZ domain and a C-terminal LIM domain. Functionally, these proteins bind to alpha-actinin through their PDZ domains and bind or other signaling molecules through their LIM domains. ALP proteins have been implicated in cardiac and skeletal muscle structure, function and disease, platelet, and epithelial cell motility. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFasragpGVCWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHCGRH 182
Cdd:cd09360     1 CDKCGNGIVGVVVKAR------DKNRHPECFVCADCGLNLKNKGYFFIEDELYCETH 51

The fourth LIM domain of the Paxillin-like protein family; The fourth LIM domain of the Paxillin like protein family: This family consists of paxillin, leupaxin, Hic-5 (ARA55), and other related proteins. There are four LIM domains in the C-terminal of the proteins and leucine-rich LD-motifs in the N-terminal region. Members of this family are adaptor proteins to recruit key components of signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. Paxillin serves as a platform for the recruitment of numerous regulatory and structural proteins that together control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression that are necessary for cell migration and survival. Leupaxin is a cytoskeleton adaptor protein, which is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic cells. It associates with focal adhesion kinases PYK2 and pp125FAK and identified to be a component of the osteoclast pososomal signaling complex. Hic-5 controls cell proliferation, migration and senescence by functioning as coactivator for steroid receptors such as androgen receptor, glucocorticoid receptor and progesterone receptor. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIfADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09339     1 CAGCGKPI-TGRCITAMGRKFHPEHFVCAFCLKQLSKGTFKEQDDKPYCHPCF 52

The LIM domains of thymus LIM protein (TLP); The LIM domain of thymus LIM protein (TLP) like proteins: This family includes the LIM domains of TLP and CRIP (Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein). TLP is the distant member of the CRP family of proteins. TLP has two isomers (TLP-A and TLP-B) and sharing approximately 30% with each of the three other CRPs. Like CRP1, CRP2 and CRP3/MLP, TLP has two LIM domains, connected by a flexible linker region. Unlike the CRPs, TLP lacks the nuclear targeting signal (K/R-K/R-Y-G-P-K) and is localized solely in the cytoplasm. TLP is specifically expressed in the thymus in a subset of cortical epithelial cells. TLP has a role in development of normal thymus and in controlling the development and differentiation of thymic epithelial cells. CRIP is a short LIM protein with only one LIM domain. CRIP gene is developmentally regulated and can be induced by glucocorticoid hormones during the first three postnatal weeks. The domain shows close sequence homology to LIM domain of thymus LIM protein. However, unlike the TLP proteins which have two LIM domains, the members of this family have only one LIM domain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAgpgvcWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLIYFYQDGKIHC 179
Cdd:cd09401     1 CPKCGKPVYFAEKKTSLGRD-----WHKPCLRCEKCKKTLTPGQHSEHEGKPYC 49

The second LIM domain of Enigma; The second LIM domain of Enigma: Enigma was initially characterized in humans as a protein containing three LIM domains at the C-terminus and a PDZ domain at N-terminus. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. Enigma is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone and brain. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFAdECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFC 239
Cdd:cd09456     1 CAKCKKKITG-EIMHALKMTWHVHCFTCAACKTPIRNRAFYMEEGAPYC 48

The first LIM domain of Enigma-like family; The first LIM domain of Enigma-like family: The Enigma LIM domain family is comprised of three members: Enigma, ENH, and Cypher (mouse)/ZASP (human). These subfamily members contain a single PDZ domain at the N-terminus and three LIM domains at the C-terminus. Enigma was initially characterized in humans and is expressed in multiple tissues, such as skeletal muscle, heart, bone, and brain. The third LIM domain specifically interacts with the insulin receptor and the second LIM domain interacts with the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret and the adaptor protein APS. Thus Enigma is implicated in signal transduction processes, such as mitogenic activity, insulin related actin organization, and glucose metabolism. The second member, ENH protein, was first identified in rat brain. It has been shown that ENH interacts with protein kinase D1 (PKD1) via its LIM domains and forms a complex with PKD1 and the alpha1C subunit of cardiac L-type voltage-gated calcium channel in rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. The N-terminal PDZ domain interacts with alpha-actinin at the Z-line. ZASP/Cypher is required for maintenance of Z-line structure during muscle contraction, but not required for Z-line assembly. In heart, Cypher/ZASP plays a structural role through its interaction with cytoskeletal Z-line proteins. In addition, there is increasing evidence that Cypher/ZASP also performs signaling functions. Studies reveal that Cypher/ZASP interacts with and directs PKC to the Z-line, where PKC phosphorylates downstream signaling targets. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIfADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09361     1 CAHCNQVI-RGPFLVALGRSWHPEEFTCSHCHCSLAEIGFVEEKGSLYCELCY 52

The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1); The second LIM domain of Four and a half LIM domains protein 1 (FHL1): FHL1 is heavily expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. It plays important roles in muscle growth, differentiation, and sarcomere assembly by acting as a modulator of transcription factors. Defects in FHL1 gene are responsible for a number of Muscular dystrophy-like muscle disorders. It has been detected that FHL1 binds to Myosin-binding protein C, regulating myosin filament formation and sarcomere assembly. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIFA-DECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCFESLY 247
Cdd:cd09424     1 CKGCYKDILAgDQNVEYKGNVWHKDCFTCSNCKQPIGTKSFFPKGEDFYCVPCHEKKF 58

The first LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2); The first LIM domain of LIMK2 (LIM domain Kinase 2): LIMK2 is a member of the LIMK protein family, which comprises LIMK1 and LIMK2. LIMK contains two LIM domains, a PDZ domain, and a kinase domain. LIMK is involved in the regulation of actin polymerization and microtubule disassembly. LIMK influences architecture of the actin cytoskeleton by regulating the activity of the cofilin family proteins cofilin1, cofilin2, and destrin. The mechanism of the activation is to phosphorylates cofilin on serine 3 and inactivates its actin-severing activity, altering the rate of actin depolymerization. LIMK activity is activated by phosphorylation of a threonine residue within the activation loop of the kinase by p21-activated kinases 1 and 4 and by Rho kinase. LIMKs can function in both cytoplasm and nucleus. Both LIMK1 and LIMK2 can act in the nucleus to suppress Rac/Cdc42-dependent cyclin D1 expression. LIMK2 is expressed in all tissues. While LIMK1 localizes mainly at focal adhesions, LIMK2 is found in cytoplasmic punctae, suggesting that they may have different cellular functions. The activity of LIM kinase 2 to regulate cofilin phosphorylation is inhibited by the direct binding of Par-3. LIMK2 activation promotes cell cycle progression. The phenotype of Limk2 knockout mice shows a defect in spermatogenesis. The LIM domains have been shown to play an important role in regulating kinase activity and likely also contribute to LIMK function by acting as sites of protein-to-protein interactions. All LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 2462530116 126 CEQCGLKINGGEVAVFASRAgpgvcWHPSCFVCFTCNELLVDLiYFYQDGKIHCGRHH 183
Cdd:cd09463     1 CTGCGGRIQDSFHYRVVQEA-----WHNSCFQCSVCQDLLTNW-YYEKDGKLYCHKHY 52

The fourth LIM domain of Paxillin; The fourth LIM domain of Paxillin: Paxillin is an adaptor protein, which recruits key components of the signal-transduction machinery to specific sub-cellular locations to respond to environmental changes rapidly. The C-terminal region of paxillin contains four LIM domains which target paxillin to focal adhesions, presumably through a direct association with the cytoplasmic tail of beta-integrin. The N-terminal of paxillin is leucine-rich LD-motifs. Paxillin is found at the interface between the plasma membrane and the actin cytoskeleton. The binding partners of paxillin are diverse and include protein tyrosine kinases, such as Src and FAK, structural proteins, such as vinculin and actopaxin, and regulators of actin organization. Paxillin recruits these proteins to their function sites to control the dynamic changes in cell adhesion, cytoskeletal reorganization and gene expression. LIM domains are 50-60 amino acids in size and share two characteristic zinc finger motifs. The two zinc fingers contain eight conserved residues, mostly cysteines and histidines, which coordinately bond to two zinc atoms. LIM domains function as adaptors or scaffolds to support the assembly of multimeric protein complexes.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 2462530116 191 CSACDEIIfADECTEAEGRHWHMKHFCCLECETVLGGQRYIMKDGRPFCCGCF 243
Cdd:cd09411     1 CSGCQKPI-TGRCITAMGKKFHPEHFVCAFCLKQLNKGTFKEQNDKPYCHNCF 52