RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16601    1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16601    1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGDFPCPQC 44

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 256225838    12 CALC-QRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWaeEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPIClEEYLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWL--ESGNNTCPIC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 39 (TRIM39) and similar proteins; TRIM39, also known as RING finger protein 23 (RNF23) or testis-abundant finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a role in controlling DNA damage-induced apoptosis through inhibition of the anaphase promoting complex (APC/C), a multiprotein ubiquitin ligase that controls multiple cell cycle regulators, including cyclins, geminin, and others. TRIM39 also functions as a regulator of several key processes in the proliferative cycle. It directly regulates p53 stability. It modulates cell cycle progression and DNA damage responses via stabilizing p21. Moreover, TRIM39 negatively regulates the nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB)-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin, an inhibitor of NFkappaB- and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated transcription, which is induced by inflammatory stimulants such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, TRIM39 is a MOAP-1-binding protein that can promote apoptosis signaling through stabilization of MOAP-1 via the inhibition of its poly-ubiquitination process. TRIM39 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16601    1 EASCSLCKEYLKDPVIIECGHNFCRACITRFWEELDGDFPCPQC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 69 (TRIM69) and similar proteins; TRIM69, also known as RFP-like domain-containing protein trimless or RING finger protein 36 (RNF36), is a testis E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays a specific role in apoptosis and may also play an important role in germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. TRIM69 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPECADDCWQRAVEP 63
Cdd:cd16611    4 ELHCPLCLDFFRDPVMLSCGHNFCQSCITGFWELQAEDTTCPECRELCQYRNLTP 58

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM17 and similar proteins; TRIM17, also known as RING finger protein 16 (RNF16) or testis RING finger protein (Terf), is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase that is necessary and sufficient for neuronal apoptosis and contributes to Mcl-1 ubiquitination in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). It interacts in a SUMO-dependent manner with nuclear factor of activated T cell NFATc3 transcription factor, and thus inhibits the activity of NFATc3 by preventing its nuclear localization. In contrast, it binds to and inhibits NFATc4 transcription factor in a SUMO-independent manner. Moreover, TRIM17 stimulates degradation of kinetochore protein ZW10 interacting protein (ZWINT), a known component of the kinetochore complex required for the mitotic spindle checkpoint, and negatively regulates cell proliferation. TRIM17 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGP---------FPCPECADDCWQRAVEPGR 65
Cdd:cd16595    5 EATCSICLDYFTDPVMTTCGHNFCRACIQLSWEKARGKkgrrkqkgsFPCPECREMSPQRNLRPNR 70

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM60, TRIM61, TRIM75 and similar proteins; TRIM60, also known as RING finger protein 129 (RNF129) or RING finger protein 33 (RNF33), is a cytoplasmic protein expressed in the testis. It may play an important role in the spermatogenesis process, the development of the preimplantation embryo, and in testicular functions. RNF33 interacts with the cytoplasmic kinesin motor proteins KIF3A and KIF3B suggesting possible contribution to cargo movement along the microtubule in the expressed sites. It is also involved in spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells under the regulation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). TRIM75 mainly localizes within spindles, suggesting it may function in spindle organization and thereby affect meiosis. Both TRIM60 and TRIM75 belong the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B2-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a PRY domain and a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. In contrast, TRIM61 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM family that contains RBCC domains only. Its biological function remains unclear.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16607    1 EASCPICLDYLKDPVTINCGHNFCRSCISMSWKDLQDTFPCPVC 44

HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) finger and its variants; The RING finger is a specialized type of Zn-finger of 40 to 60 residues that binds two atoms of zinc. It is defined by the "cross-brace" motif that chelates zinc atoms by eight amino acid residues, typically Cys or His, arranged in a characteristic spacing. Canonical RING motifs have been categorized into two major subclasses, RING-HC (C3HC4-type) and RING-H2 (C3H2C3-type), according to their Cys/His content. There are also many variants of RING fingers. Some have a different Cys/His pattern. Some lack a single Cys or His residue at typical Zn ligand positions, especially, the fourth or eighth zinc ligand is prevalently exchanged for an Asp, which can chelate Zn in a RING finger as well. This family corresponds to the HC subclass of RING (RING-HC) fingers that are characterized by containing C3HC4-type canonical RING-HC fingers or noncanonical RING-HC finger variants, including C4C4-, C3HC3D-, C2H2C4-, and C3HC5-type modified RING-HC fingers. The canonical RING-HC finger has been defined as C-X2-C-X(9-39)-C-X(1-3)-H-X(2-3)-C-X2-C-X(4-48)-C-X2-C. It binds two Zn ions in a unique "cross-brace" arrangement, which distinguishes it from tandem zinc fingers and other similar motifs. RING-HC fingers can be found in a group of diverse proteins with a variety of cellular functions, including oncogenesis, development, viral replication, signal transduction, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. Many of them are ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) that serve as scaffolds for binding to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s, also referred to as ubiquitin carrier proteins or UBCs) in close proximity to substrate proteins, which enables efficient transfer of ubiquitin from E2 to the substrates.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWaeEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16449    3 CPICLERLKDPVLLPCGHVFCRECIRRLL--ESGSIKCPIC 41

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 10 (TRIM10) and similar proteins; TRIM10, also known as B30-RING finger protein (RFB30), RING finger protein 9 (RNF9), or hematopoietic RING finger 1 (HERF1), is a novel hematopoiesis-specific RING finger protein required for terminal differentiation of erythroid cells. TRIM10 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFwAEEDGPFP-----CPECADDCW 57
Cdd:cd16593    5 EVNCPICQGTLREPVTIDCGHNFCRACLTRY-CEIPGPDLeepptCPLCKEPFR 57

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 38 (TRIM38) and similar proteins; TRIM38, also known as RING finger protein 15 (RNF15) or zinc finger protein RoRet, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that promotes K63- and K48-linked ubiquitination of cellular proteins and also catalyzes self-ubiquitination. It negatively regulates Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- and interleukin-1beta-triggered Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation by mediating lysosomal-dependent degradation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-binding protein (TAB)2/3, two critical components of the TAK1 kinase complex. It also inhibits TLR3/4-mediated activation of NF-kappaB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) by mediating ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (Traf6) and NAK-associated protein 1 (Nap1), respectively. Moreover, TRIM38 negatively regulates TLR3-mediated interferon beta (IFN-beta) signaling by targeting ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-beta (TRIF). It functions as a valid target for autoantibodies in primary Sjogren's Syndrome. TRIM38 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGP------FPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16600    5 EATCSICLQLMTEPVSINCGHSYCKRCIVSFLENQSQLepgletFSCPQC 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 77 (TRIM77) and similar proteins; TRIM77 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including two consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and Bbox2, as well as a SPRY/B30.2 domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 256225838   7 PAEAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16543    1 EDQLTCSICLDLLKDPVTIPCGHSFCMNCITLLWDRKQGVPSCPQC 46

RING finger, HC subclass, found in breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) and similar proteins; BRCA1, also known as RING finger protein 53 (RNF53), is a RING finger protein encoded by the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 that regulates all DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathways. BRCA1 is frequently mutated in patients with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). Its mutation is also associated with an increased risk of pancreatic, stomach, laryngeal, fallopian tube, and prostate cancer. It plays an important role in the DNA damage response signaling and has been implicated in various cellular processes such as cell cycle regulation, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA DSBs, and apoptosis. BRCA1 contains an N-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, and two BRCT (BRCA1 C-terminus domain) repeats at the C-terminus.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPECADDCWQRAVEP 63
Cdd:cd16498   19 CPICLELLKEPVSTKCDHQFCRFCILKLLQKKKKPAPCPLCKKSVTKRSLQE 70

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 8 (TRIM8) and similar proteins; TRIM8, also known as glioblastoma-expressed RING finger protein (GERP) or RING finger protein 27 (RNF27), is a probable E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that may promote proteasomal degradation of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) and further regulate interferon-gamma signaling. It functions as a new p53 modulator that stabilizes p53 impairing its association with MDM2 and inducing the reduction of cell proliferation. TRIM8 deficit dramatically impairs p53 stabilization and activation in response to chemotherapeutic drugs. TRIM8 also modulates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-triggered nuclear factor-kappaB (NF- kappa B) activation by targeting transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) activated kinase 1 (TAK1) for K63-linked polyubiquitination. Moreover, TRIM8 modulates translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 into the nucleus through interaction with Hsp90beta and consequently regulates transcription of Nanog in embryonic stem cells. It also interacts with protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3), which inhibits IL-6-dependent activation of STAT3. TRIM8 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil domain, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. The coiled coil domain is required for homodimerization and the region immediately C-terminal to the RING motif is sufficient to mediate the interaction with SOCS1.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16580   11 ELICPICLHVFVEPVQLPCKHNFCRGCIGEAWAKDAGLVRCPEC 54

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 68 (TRIM68) and similar proteins; TRIM68, also known as RING finger protein 137 (RNF137) or SSA protein SS-56 (SS-56), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that negatively regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR)- and RIG-I-like receptor (RLR)-driven type I interferon production by degrading TRK fused gene (TFG), a novel driver of IFN-beta downstream of anti-viral detection systems. It also functions as a cofactor for androgen receptor-mediated transcription by regulating ligand-dependent transcription of androgen receptor in prostate cancer cells. Moreover, TRIM68 is a cellular target of autoantibody responses in Sjogre's syndrome (SS), as well as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is also an auto-antigen for T cells in SS and SLE. TRIM68 belongs the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a B-box, and two coiled coil domains, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWA----EEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16610    1 EVACPICMTFLREPVSIDCGHSFCHSCLSGLWEvpgeSQNWGYTCPLC 48

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and similar proteins; TRAF6, also known as interleukin-1 signal transducer or RING finger protein 85 (RNF85), is a cytoplasmic adapter protein that mediates signals induced by the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily and Toll-like receptor (TLR)/interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) family. It functions as a mediator involved in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and interferon regulatory factor pathways, as well as in IL-1R-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. TRAF6 is also an oncogene that plays a vital role in K-RAS-mediated oncogenesis. TRAF6 contains an N-terminal domain with a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and several zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and a conserved TRAF-C domain.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRfWAEEDGPfPCP 50
Cdd:cd16643    4 CPICLMALREPVQTPCGHRFCKACILK-SIREAGH-KCP 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing proteins TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, TRIM34 and similar proteins; TRIM5, TRIM6, TRIM22, and TRIM34, four closely related tripartite motif-containing proteins, belong to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. TRIM5, also known as RING finger protein 88 (RNF88), is a capsid-specific restriction factor that prevents infection from non-host-adapted retroviruses in a species-specific manner by binding to and destabilizing the retroviral capsid lattice before reverse transcription is completed. Its retroviral restriction activity correlates with the ability to activate TAK1-dependent innate immune signaling. TRIM5 also acts as a pattern recognition receptor that activates innate immune signaling in response to the retroviral capsid lattice. Moreover, TRIM5 plays a role in regulating autophagy through activation of autophagy regulator BECN1 by causing its dissociation from its inhibitors BCL2 and TAB2. It also plays a role in autophagy by acting as a selective autophagy receptor which recognizes and targets HIV-1 capsid protein p24 for autophagic destruction. TRIM6, also known as RING finger protein 89 (RNF89), is an E3-ubiquitin ligase that cooperates with the E2-ubiquitin conjugase UbE2K to catalyze the synthesis of unanchored K48-linked polyubiquitin chains, and further stimulates the interferon-I kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon) kinase-mediated antiviral response. It also regulates the transcriptional activity of Myc during the maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency, and may act as a novel regulator for Myc-mediated transcription in ES cells. TRIM22, also known as 50 kDa-stimulated trans-acting factor (Staf-50) or RING finger protein 94 (RNF94), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an integral role in the host innate immune response to viruses. It has been shown to inhibit the replication of a number of viruses, including HIV-1, hepatitis B, and influenza A. TRIM22 acts as a suppressor of basal HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven transcription by preventing the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) binding to the HIV-1 promoter. It also controls FoxO4 activity and cell survival by directing Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-stimulated cells toward type I interferon (IFN) type I gene induction or apoptosis. Moreover, TRIM22 can activate the noncanonical nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by activating I kappa B kinase alpha (IKKalpha). It also regulates nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent activation of interferon-beta signaling and nuclear factor-kappaB. TRIM34, also known as interferon-responsive finger protein 1 or RING finger protein 21 (RNF21), may function as antiviral protein that contribute to the defense against retroviral infections.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAE---EDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16591    6 EVTCPICLELLTEPLSLDCGHSFCQACITANHKEsvnQEGESSCPVC 52

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Mus musculus tripartite motif-containing protein 43 (TRIM43) and similar propteins; This subfamily includes TRIM43A, TRIM43B and TRIM43C, which are expressed specifically in mouse preimplantation embryos. They contain a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPECADDCWQRAV 61
Cdd:cd23133    6 CSICQGIFMNPVYLRCGHKFCEACLLLFQEDIKFPAYCPMCRQPFNQEYI 55

Ring finger; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity is intrinsic to the RING domain of c-Cbl and is likely to be a general function of this domain; Various RING fingers exhibit binding activity towards E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (Ubc' s)

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 256225838    12 CALC-QRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWaeEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:smart00184   1 CPIClEEYLKDPVILPCGHTFCRSCIRKWL--ESGNNTCPIC 40

RING finger, HC subclass, found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair protein RAD16, Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp16, and similar proteins; Budding yeast RAD16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase RAD16, is encoded by a yeast excision repair gene homologous to the recombinational repair gene RAD54 and to the SNF2 gene involved in transcriptional activation. It is a component of the global genome repair (GGR) complex that promotes global genome nucleotide excision repair (GG-NER) by removing DNA damage from non-transcribing DNA. RAD16 is involved in differential repair of DNA after UV damage, and repairs preferentially the MAT-alpha locus compared with the HML-alpha locus. Fission yeast rhp16, also known as ATP-dependent helicase rhp16, is a RAD16 homolog. It is involved in GGR via nucleotide excision repair (NER), in conjunction with rhp7, after UV irradiation. Both RAD16 and rhp16 contain a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, as well as a DEAD-like helicase domain and a helicase superfamily C-terminal domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFP-CPEC 52
Cdd:cd16567    3 CGICHEEAEDPVVARCHHVFCRACVKEYIESAPGGKVtCPTC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31) and similar proteins; TRIM31 is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that primarily localizes to the cytoplasm, but is also associated with the mitochondria. It can negatively regulate cell proliferation and may be a potential biomarker of gastric cancer as it is overexpressed from the early stage of gastric carcinogenesis. TRIM31 is downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer and serves as a potential tumor suppressor. It interacts with p52 (Shc) and inhibits Src-induced anchorage-independent growth. TRIM31 belongs to the C-V subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by an N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domain, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as an uncharacterized region positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16582    1 EVICPICLDILQKPVTIDCGHNFCLQCITQIGETSCGFFKCPLC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein 62 (TRIM62) and similar proteins; TRIM62, also known as Ductal Epithelium Associated Ring Chromosome 1 (DEAR1), is a cytoplasmic E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a dominant regulator of acinar morphogenesis in the mammary gland. It is implicated in the inflammatory response of immune cells by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway, leading to increased activity of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor in primary macrophages. It is also involved in muscular protein homeostasis, especially during inflammation-induced atrophy, and may play a role in the pathogenesis of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes. Moreover, TRIM62 facilitates K27-linked poly-ubiquitination of CARD9 and also regulates CARD9-mediated anti-fungal immunity and intestinal inflammation. It also functions as a chromosome 1p35 tumor suppressor and negatively regulates transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-driven epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by binding to and promoting the ubiquitination of SMAD3, a major effector of TGFbeta-mediated EMT. TRIM62 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 256225838   9 EAACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGpFPCPECADDC 56
Cdd:cd16608    6 ELLCSICLSIYQDPVSLGCEHYFCRQCITEHWSRSEH-RDCPECRRTF 52

RING-type zinc-finger; This zinc-finger is a typical RING-type of plant ubiquitin ligases.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 256225838   12 CALCQRAPREPVRaDCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCP 50
Cdd:pfam13445   1 CPICLELFTDPVL-PCGHTFCRECLEEMSQKKGGKFKCP 38

second RING finger, HC subclass, found in the LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family; The LON peptidase N-terminal domain and RING finger protein family includes LONRF1 (also known as RING finger protein 191 or RNF191), LONRF2 (also known as RING finger protein 192, RNF192, or neuroblastoma apoptosis-related protease), LONRF3 (also known as RING finger protein 127 or RNF127), which are characterized by containing two C3HC4-type RING-HC fingers, four tetratricopeptide (TPR) repeats, and an ATP-dependent protease La (LON) substrate-binding domain at the C-terminus. Their biological functions remain unclear. This model corresponds to the second RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWaeeDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16514    4 CSLCLRLLYEPVTTPCGHTFCRACLERCL---DHSPKCPLC 41

Uncharacterized conserved protein, contains RING and CCCH-type Zn-fingers [General function prediction only];

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWaeEDGPfPCPECADDCWQRA 60
Cdd:COG5152  199 CGICKKDYESPVVTECGHSFCSLCAIRKY--QKGD-ECGVCGKATYGRF 244

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 138 (RNF138) and similar proteins; RNF138, also known as Nemo-like kinase-associated RING finger protein (NARF) or NLK-associated RING finger protein, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that plays an important role in glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. It specifically cooperates with the E2 conjugating enzyme E2-25K (Hip-2/UbcH1), regulates the ubiquitylation and degradation of T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF), and further suppresses Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. RNF138, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF125 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM).

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 256225838   8 AEAACALCQRAPREPVR-ADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEdgPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16544    1 AELTCPVCQEVLKDPVElPPCRHIFCKACILLALRSS--GARCPLC 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tripartite motif-containing protein TRIM50, TRIM73, TRIM74 and similar proteins; TRIM50 is a stomach-specific E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase, encoded by the Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) TRIM50 gene, which regulates vesicular trafficking for acid secretion in gastric parietal cells. It colocalizes, interacts with, and increases the level of p62/SQSTM1, a multifunctional adaptor protein implicated in various cellular processes including the autophagy clearance of polyubiquitinated protein aggregates. It also promotes the formation and clearance of aggresome-associated polyubiquitinated proteins through the interaction with histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a tubulin specific deacetylase that regulates microtubule-dependent aggresome formation. TRIM50 can be acetylated by PCAF and p300. TRIM50 belongs to the C-IV subclass of the TRIM (tripartite motif) family of proteins that are defined by their N-terminal RBCC (RING, Bbox, and coiled coil) domains, including three consecutive zinc-binding domains, a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, Bbox1 and Bbox2, and a coiled coil region, as well as a B30.2/SPRY (SplA and ryanodine receptor) domain positioned C-terminal to the RBCC domain. This subfamily also includes two paralogs of TRIM50, tripartite motif-containing protein 73 (TRIM73), also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 50B (TRIM50B), and tripartite motif-containing protein 74 (TRIM74), also known as tripartite motif-containing protein 50C (TRIM50C), both of which are WBS-related genes encoding proteins that may also act as E3 ligases. In contrast with TRIM50, TRIM73 and TRIM74 belong to the C-V subclass of TRIM family of proteins that are defined by N-terminal RBCC domains only.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16605    3 CPICLEVFKEPLMLQCGHSYCKSCLVSLSGELDGQLLCPVC 43

RING finger, HC subclass, found in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and similar proteins; TRAF2, also known as tumor necrosis factor type 2 receptor-associated protein 3, is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that was identified as a 75 kDa tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R2)-associated signaling protein. It interacts with members of the TNF receptor superfamily and connects the receptors to downstream signaling proteins. It also mediates K63-linked polyubiquitination of RIP1, a kinase pivotal in TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB activation. Moreover, TRAF2 regulates peripheral CD8(+) T-cell and NKT-cell homeostasis by modulating sensitivity to IL-15. It also acts as an important biological suppressor of necroptosis. It inhibits TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL)- and CD95L-induced apoptosis and necroptosis. TRAF2 contains an N-terminal domain with a typical C3HC4-type RING-HC finger and several zinc fingers, and a C-terminal TRAF domain that comprises a coiled coil domain and a conserved TRAF-C domain.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVrfWAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16639    4 CSDCRNILRRPFQAQCGHRYCSYCLK--KILSSGPQKCAAC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 125 (RNF125); RNF125, also known as T-cell RING activation protein 1 (TRAC-1), is an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase that is predominantly expressed in lymphoid cells, and functions as a positive regulator of T cell activation. It also down-modulates HIV replication and inhibits pathogen-induced cytokine production. It negatively regulates type I interferon signaling, which conjugates Lys(48)-linked ubiquitination to retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) and subsequently leads to the proteasome-dependent degradation of RIG-I. Further, RNF125 conjugates ubiquitin to melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5), a family protein of RIG-I. It thus acts as a negative regulator of RIG-I signaling, and is a direct target of miR-15b in the context of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection. Moreover, RNF125 binds to and ubiquitinates JAK1, prompting its degradation and inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) expression. It also negatively regulates p53 function through physical interaction and ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. Mutations in RNF125 may lead to overgrowth syndromes (OGS). RNF125, together with three closely related proteins: RNF114, RNF138 and RNF166, forms a novel family of ubiquitin ligases with a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger, a C2HC-, and two C2H2-type zinc fingers, as well as a ubiquitin interacting motif (UIM). The UIM of RNF125 binds K48-linked poly-ubiquitin chains and is, together with the RING domain, required for auto-ubiquitination.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRfwAEEDGPFPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16542    4 CAVCLEVLHQPVRTRCGHVFCRPCIAT--SLRNNTWTCPYC 42

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger and transmembrane domain-containing protein RNFT1, RNFT2, and similar proteins; Both RNFT1 and RNFT2 are multi-pass membrane proteins containing a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. Their biological roles remain unclear.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 256225838  10 AACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACV 36
Cdd:cd16532    1 DICPICQDEFKDPVVLRCKHIFCEDCV 27

RING finger, HC subclass, found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing protein 2 (UHRF2); UHRF2, also known as Np95/ICBP90-like RING finger protein (NIRF), Np95-like RING finger protein, nuclear protein 97, nuclear zinc finger protein Np97, RING finger protein 107, or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UHRF2, was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation, but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) through interacting with HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. UHRF2 contains an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) domain, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVR-FWAEedgPFPCPECADD 55
Cdd:cd16770    6 CICCQELVYQPVTTECQHNVCKSCLQRsFKAE---VYTCPACRHD 47

Modified RING finger, HC subclass (C3HC3D-type), found in ligand of Numb protein LNX1, LNX2, and similar proteins; The ligand of Numb protein X (LNX) family, also known as PDZ and RING (PDZRN) family, includes LNX1-5, which can interact with Numb, a key regulator of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation. LNX5 (also known as PDZK4 or PDZRN4L) shows high sequence homology to LNX3 and LNX4, but it lacks the RING domain. LNX1-4 proteins function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and have a unique domain architecture consisting of an N-terminal RING-HC finger for E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and either two or four PDZ domains necessary for substrate-binding. LNX1/LNX2-like proteins contain a modified C3HC3D-type RING-HC finger and four PDZ domains. This model corresponds to the RING finger.

                         10        20
                 ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACV 36
Cdd:cd16637    4 CHICLQPLVEPLDTPCGHTFCYKCL 28

RING finger, HC subclass, found in ubiquitin-like PHD and RING finger domain-containing proteins, UHRF1 and UHRF2, and similar proteins; UHRF1 is a unique chromatin effector protein that integrates the recognition of both histone PTMs and DNA methylation. It is essential for cell proliferation and plays a critical role in the development and progression of many human carcinomas, such as laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), gastric cancer (GC), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer. UHRF1 acts as a transcriptional repressor through its binding to histone H3 when it is unmodified at Arg2. Its overexpression in human lung fibroblasts results in downregulation of expression of the tumor suppressor pRB. It also plays a role in transcriptional repression of the cell cycle regulator p21. Moreover, UHRF1-dependent repression of transcription factors can facilitate the G1-S transition. It interacts with Tat-interacting protein of 60 kDa (TIP60) and induces degradation-independent ubiquitination of TIP60. It is also an N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG)-interacting protein that binds MPG in a p53 status-independent manner in the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. In addition, UHRF1 functions as an epigenetic regulator that is important for multiple aspects of epigenetic regulation, including maintenance of DNA methylation patterns and recognition of various histone modifications. UHRF2 was originally identified as a ubiquitin ligase acting as a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase that enhances zinc finger protein 131 (ZNF131) SUMOylation, but does not enhance ZNF131 ubiquitination. It also ubiquitinates PCNP, a PEST-containing nuclear protein. Moreover, UHRF2 functions as a nuclear protein involved in cell-cycle regulation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. It interacts with cyclins, CDKs, p53, pRB, PCNA, HDAC1, DNMTs, G9a, methylated histone H3 lysine 9, and methylated DNA. It interacts with the cyclin E-CDK2 complex, ubiquitinates cyclins D1 and E1, induces G1 arrest, and is involved in the G1/S transition regulation. Furthermore, UHRF2 is a direct transcriptional target of the transcription factor E2F-1 in the induction of apoptosis. It recruits HDAC1 and binds to methyl-CpG. UHRF2 also participates in the maturation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) by interacting with the HBV core protein and promoting its degradation. Both UHRF1 and UHRF2 contain an N-terminal ubiquitin-like domain (UBL), a tandem Tudor domain (TTD), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a SET- and RING-associated (SRA) domain, and a C-terminal C3HC4-type RING-HC finger.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 256225838  11 ACALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVR-FWAEedgPFPCPECADD 55
Cdd:cd16613    2 TCICCQELVYKPITTPCKHNICKSCLQRsFKAE---VYTCPACRHD 44

RING finger, HC subclass, found in RING finger protein 213 (RNF213) and similar proteins; RNF213, also known as ALK lymphoma oligomerization partner on chromosome 17 or Moyamoya steno-occlusive disease-associated AAA+ and RING finger protein (mysterin), is an intracellular soluble protein that functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and AAA+ ATPase, which possibly contributes to vascular development through mechanical processes in the cell. It plays a unique role in endothelial cells for proper gene expression in response to inflammatory signals from the environment. Mutations in RNF213 may be associated with Moyamoya disease (MMD), an idiopathic cerebrovascular occlusive disorder prevalent in East Asia. It also acts as a nuclear marker for acanthomorph phylogeny. RNF213 contains two tandem enzymatically active AAA+ ATPase modules and a C3HC4-type RING-HC finger. It can form a huge ring-shaped oligomeric complex.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRfWAEEDGpfPCPEC 52
Cdd:cd16561    5 CSICLEDLNDPVKLPCDHVFCEECIRQ-WLPGQM--SCPLC 42

RING-finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPVRADCGHRFCRACVVRFWAEEDGpfpCPEC-ADDCWQR 59
Cdd:COG5432   28 CRICDCRISIPCETTCGHTFCSLCIRRHLGTQPF---CPVCrEDPCESR 73

RING finger, HC subclass, found in BRCA1-associated RING domain protein 1 (BARD-1) and similar proteins; BARD-1 is a critical factor in BRCA1-mediated tumor suppression and may also serve as a target for tumorigenic lesions in some human cancers. It associates with BRCA1 (breast cancer-1) to form a heterodimeric BRCA1/BARD1 complex that is responsible for maintaining genomic stability through nuclear functions involving DNA damage signaling and repair, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control. The BRCA1/BARD1 complex catalyzes autoubiquitination of BRCA1 and trans ubiquitination of other protein substrates. Its E3 ligase activity is dramatically reduced in the presence of UBX domain protein 1 (UBXN1). BARD-1 contains an C3HC4-type RING-HC finger that binds BRCA1 at its N-terminus and three tandem ankyrin repeats and tandem BRCT repeat domains at its C-terminus. The BRCT repeats bind CstF-50 (cleavage stimulation factor) to modulate mRNA processing and RNAP II stability in response to DNA damage.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 256225838  12 CALCQRAPREPV-RADCGHRFCRACVvrfwaEEDGPFPCPECADDCWQRAVEPGR 65
Cdd:cd16496   18 CSRCASILKEPVtLGGCEHVFCRSCV-----GDRLGNGCPVCDTPAWARDLQINR 67