Ankyrin repeat [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 242 DVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGG 306
Cdd:COG0666  145 DVNAQDNDGNTPLHLAAANGNLEIVKLLLEAGADVNARDNDGETPLHLAAENGHLEIVKLLLEAG 209

Ankyrin repeat [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 242 DVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGG 306
Cdd:COG0666  145 DVNAQDNDGNTPLHLAAANGNLEIVKLLLEAGADVNARDNDGETPLHLAAENGHLEIVKLLLEAG 209

Src homology 3 domains; Src homology 3 (SH3) domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. Pro-containing polypeptides may bind to SH3 domains in 2 different binding orientations.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 392920854   351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLA 406
Cdd:smart00326   3 PQVRALYDYTAQDPDELSFKKGDIITVLEKS--DDGWWKGRLGRGKEGLFPSNYVE 56

SH3 domain; SH3 (Src homology 3) domains are often indicative of a protein involved in signal transduction related to cytoskeletal organization. First described in the Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. The structure is a partly opened beta barrel.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854  355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEkdKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVP 401
Cdd:pfam00018   2 ALYDYTAQEPDELSFKKGDIIIVLE--KSEDGWWKGRNKGGKEGLIP 46

Transient Receptor Potential channel, Vanilloid subfamily (TRPV), types 5 and 6; TRPV5 and TRPV6 (TRPV5/6) are two homologous members within the vanilloid subfamily of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family. TRPV5 and TRPV6 show only 30-40% homology with other members of the TRP family and have unique properties that differentiates them from other TRP channels. They mediate calcium uptake in epithelia and their expression is dramatically increased in numerous types of cancer. The structure of TRPV5/6 shows the typical topology features of all TRP family members, such as six transmembrane regions, a short hydrophobic stretch between transmembrane segments 5 and 6, which is predicted to form the Ca2+ pore, and large intracellular N- and C-terminal domains. The N-terminal domain of TRPV5/6 contains three ankyrin repeats. This structural element is present in several proteins and plays a role in protein-protein interactions. The N- and C-terminal tails of TRPV5/6 each contain an internal PDZ motif which can function as part of a molecular scaffold via interaction with PDZ-domain containing proteins. A major difference between the properties of TRPV5 and TRPV6 is in their tissue distribution: TRPV5 is predominantly expressed in the distal convoluted tubules (DCT) and connecting tubules (CNT) of the kidney, with limited expression in extrarenal tissues. In contrast, TRPV6 has a broader expression pattern such as expression in the intestine, kidney, placenta, epididymis, exocrine tissues, and a few other tissues.

                         10        20        30
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 392920854 257 AICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLH 288
Cdd:cd22192  143 AACVGNEEIVRLLIEHGADIRAQDSLGNTVLH 174

transient-receptor-potential calcium channel protein; The Transient Receptor Potential Ca2+ Channel (TRP-CC) Family (TC. 1.A.4)The TRP-CC family has also been called the store-operated calcium channel (SOC) family. The prototypical members include the Drosophila retinal proteinsTRP and TRPL (Montell and Rubin, 1989; Hardie and Minke, 1993). SOC members of the family mediate the entry of extracellular Ca2+ into cells in responseto depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores (Clapham, 1996) and agonist stimulated production of inositol-1,4,5 trisphosphate (IP3). One member of the TRP-CCfamily, mammalian Htrp3, has been shown to form a tight complex with the IP3 receptor (TC #1.A.3.2.1). This interaction is apparently required for IP3 tostimulate Ca2+ release via Htrp3. The vanilloid receptor subtype 1 (VR1), which is the receptor for capsaicin (the ?hot? ingredient in chili peppers) and servesas a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway (Caterina et al., 1997), is also a member of this family. The stretch-inhibitable non-selective cation channel(SIC) is identical to the vanilloid receptor throughout all of its first 700 residues, but it exhibits a different sequence in its last 100 residues. VR1 and SICtransport monovalent cations as well as Ca2+. VR1 is about 10x more permeable to Ca2+ than to monovalent ions. Ca2+ overload probably causes cell deathafter chronic exposure to capsaicin. (McCleskey and Gold, 1999). [Transport and binding proteins, Cations and iron carrying compounds]

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854  249 EGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNA----------QDSD----GWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGGGCVLA 311
Cdd:TIGR00870 127 PGITALHLAAHRQNYEIVKLLLERGASVPAracgdffvksQGVDsfyhGESPLNAAACLGSPSIVALLSEDPADILT 203

Ankyrin repeat [Signal transduction mechanisms];

                         10        20        30        40        50        60
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 242 DVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGG 306
Cdd:COG0666  145 DVNAQDNDGNTPLHLAAANGNLEIVKLLLEAGADVNARDNDGETPLHLAAENGHLEIVKLLLEAG 209

Ankyrin repeats (3 copies);

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 392920854  228 GELDLVRSSASKLTDVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENdADVNAQDsDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGG 306
Cdd:pfam12796   8 GNLELVKLLLENGADANLQDKNGRTALHLAAKNGHLEIVKLLLEH-ADVNLKD-NGRTALHYAARSGHLEIVKLLLEKG 84

Src homology 3 domains; Src homology 3 (SH3) domains bind to target proteins through sequences containing proline and hydrophobic amino acids. Pro-containing polypeptides may bind to SH3 domains in 2 different binding orientations.

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 392920854   351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLA 406
Cdd:smart00326   3 PQVRALYDYTAQDPDELSFKKGDIITVLEKS--DDGWWKGRLGRGKEGLFPSNYVE 56

Src Homology 3 domain superfamily; Src Homology 3 (SH3) domains are protein interaction domains that bind proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. Thus, they are referred to as proline-recognition domains (PRDs). SH3 domains are less selective and show more diverse specificity compared to other PRDs. They have been shown to bind peptide sequences that lack the PxxP motif; examples include the PxxDY motif of Eps8 and the RKxxYxxY sequence in SKAP55. SH3 domain containing proteins play versatile and diverse roles in the cell, including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies, among others. Many members of this superfamily are adaptor proteins that associate with a number of protein partners, facilitating complex formation and signal transduction.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd00174    1 YARALYDYEAQDDDELSFKKGDIITVLEKD--DDGWWEGELNGGREGLFPANY 51

Src homology 3 domain of Apoptosis Stimulating of p53 proteins (ASPP); The ASPP family of proteins bind to important regulators of apoptosis (p53, Bcl-2, and RelA) and cell growth (APCL, PP1). They share similarity at their C-termini, where they harbor a proline-rich region, four ankyrin (ANK) repeats, and an SH3 domain. Vertebrates contain three members of the family: ASPP1, ASPP2, and iASPP. ASPP1 and ASPP2 activate the apoptotic function of the p53 family of tumor suppressors (p53, p63, and p73), while iASPP is an oncoprotein that specifically inhibits p53-induced apoptosis. The expression of ASPP proteins is altered in tumors; ASPP1 and ASPP2 are downregulated whereas iASPP is upregulated is some cancer types. ASPP proteins also bind and regulate protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and this binding is competitive with p53 binding. The SH3 domain and the ANK repeats of ASPP contribute to the p53 binding site; they bind to the DNA binding domain of p53. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854 351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11807    1 GVVYALFDYEAENGDELSFREGDELTVLRKGDDDETEWWWARLNDKEGYVPRNLLGL 57

Third Src Homology 3 domain of Nck1 adaptor protein; Nck1 (also called Nckalpha) plays a crucial role in connecting signaling pathways of tyrosine kinase receptors and important effectors in actin dynamics and cytoskeletal remodeling. It binds and activates RasGAP, resulting in the downregulation of Ras. It is also involved in the signaling of endothilin-mediated inhibition of cell migration. Nck adaptor proteins regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to protein tyrosine kinases and phosphorylated signaling intermediates. They contain three SH3 domains and a C-terminal SH2 domain. They function downstream of the PDGFbeta receptor and are involved in Rho GTPase signaling and actin dynamics. Vertebrates contain two Nck adaptor proteins: Nck1 (also called Nckalpha) and Nck2, which show partly overlapping functions but also bind distinct targets. The third SH3 domain of Nck appears to prefer ligands with a PxAPxR motif. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that usually bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially a PxxP motif. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 353 VYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11904    3 VQALYPFSSSNDEELNFEKGEVMDVIEKPENDPEWWKCRKANGQVGLVPKNYVTV 57

SH3 domain; SH3 (Src homology 3) domains are often indicative of a protein involved in signal transduction related to cytoskeletal organization. First described in the Src cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase. The structure is a partly opened beta barrel.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854  355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEkdKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVP 401
Cdd:pfam00018   2 ALYDYTAQEPDELSFKKGDIIIVLE--KSEDGWWKGRNKGGKEGLIP 46

Src Homology 3 domain of Apoptosis Stimulating of p53 protein 1; ASPP1, like ASPP2, activates the apoptotic function of the p53 family of tumor suppressors (p53, p63, and p73). In addition, it functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the nuclear localization of the transcriptional cofactors YAP and TAZ by inihibiting their phosphorylation; YAP and TAZ are important regulators of cell expansion, differentiation, migration, and invasion. ASPP1 is downregulated in breast tumors expressing wild-type p53. It contains a proline-rich region, four ankyrin (ANK) repeats, and an SH3 domain at its C-terminal half. The SH3 domain and the ANK repeats of ASPP1 contribute to the p53 binding site; they bind to the DNA binding domain of p53. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 392920854 351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIE-KDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEkGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11954    1 GMVYALWDYEAQNADELSFQEGDAITILRrKDDSETEWWWARLNDKE-GYVPKNLLGL 57

Third Src Homology 3 domain of Nck2 adaptor protein; Nck2 (also called Nckbeta or Growth factor receptor-bound protein 4, Grb4) plays a crucial role in connecting signaling pathways of tyrosine kinase receptors and important effectors in actin dynamics and cytoskeletal remodeling. It binds neuronal signaling proteins such as ephrinB and Disabled-1 (Dab-1) exclusively. Nck adaptor proteins regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics by linking proline-rich effector molecules to protein tyrosine kinases and phosphorylated signaling intermediates. They contain three SH3 domains and a C-terminal SH2 domain. They function downstream of the PDGFbeta receptor and are involved in Rho GTPase signaling and actin dynamics. Vertebrates contain two Nck adaptor proteins: Nck1 (also called Nckalpha) and Nck2, which show partly overlapping functions but also bind distinct targets. The third SH3 domain of Nck appears to prefer ligands with a PxAPxR motif. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that usually bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially a PxxP motif. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 353 VYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11903    3 VQTLYPFSSVTEEELNFEKGETMEVIEKPENDPEWWKCKNSRGQVGLVPKNYVVV 57

Ankyrin repeats (many copies);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 392920854  247 NDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCA 290
Cdd:pfam13857  13 DGEGYTPLHVAAKYGALEIVRVLLAYGVDLNLKDEEGLTALDLA 56

Src homology 3 domain of Signal Transducing Adaptor Molecule 1; STAM1 is part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-0) and is involved in sorting ubiquitinated cargo proteins from the endosome. It may also be involved in the regulation of IL2 and GM-CSF mediated signaling, and has been implicated in neural cell survival. STAMs were discovered as proteins that are highly phosphorylated following cytokine and growth factor stimulation. They function in cytokine signaling and surface receptor degradation, as well as regulate Golgi morphology. They associate with many proteins including Jak2 and Jak3 tyrosine kinases, Hrs, AMSH, and UBPY. STAM adaptor proteins contain VHS (Vps27, Hrs, STAM homology), ubiquitin interacting (UIM), and SH3 domains. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIekDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGekgqvprtyLALYPSlkyrkklNFVMFD 423
Cdd:cd11964    2 KVRAIYDFEAAEDNELTFKAGDIITIL--DDSDPNWWKGETPQG---------TGLFPS-------NFVTAD 55

Ankyrin repeats (3 copies);

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 392920854  247 NDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQD 280
Cdd:pfam12796  58 KDNGRTALHYAARSGHLEIVKLLLEKGADINVKD 91

Second Src Homology 3 domain of Bzz1 and similar domains; Bzz1 (or Bzz1p) is a WASP/Las17-interacting protein involved in endocytosis and trafficking to the vacuole. It physically interacts with type I myosins and functions in the early steps of endocytosis. Together with other proteins, it induces membrane scission in yeast. Bzz1 contains an N-terminal F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs), a central coiled-coil, and two C-terminal SH3 domains. This model represents the second C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11778    1 YVEALYDYEAQGDDEISIRVGDRIAVIRGD--DGSGWTYGEINGVKGLFPTSY 51

ankyrin repeat protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854 241 TDVSQANDEGITALHNAI--CAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCN--NLPMVRQLVEGG 306
Cdd:PHA03100  97 ANVNAPDNNGITPLLYAIskKSNSYSIVEYLLDNGANVNIKNSDGENLLHLYLESNkiDLKILKLLIDKG 166

Src Homology 3 domain of Cdc42-Interacting Protein 4; This subfamily is composed of Cdc42-Interacting Protein 4 (CIP4), Formin Binding Protein 17 (FBP17), FormiN Binding Protein 1-Like (FNBP1L), and similar proteins. CIP4 and FNBP1L are Cdc42 effectors that bind Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and function in endocytosis. CIP4 and FBP17 bind to the Fas ligand and may be implicated in the inflammatory response. CIP4 may also play a role in phagocytosis. It functions downstream of Cdc42 in PDGF-dependent actin reorganization and cell migration, and also regulates the activity of PDGFRbeta. It uses Src as a substrate in regulating the invasiveness of breast tumor cells. CIP4 may also play a role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. Members of this subfamily typically contain an N-terminal F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs) domain, a central Cdc42-binding HR1 domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. The SH3 domain of CIP4 associates with Gapex-5, a Rab31 GEF. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 392920854 355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDkNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYL 405
Cdd:cd11911    4 ALYDFDGTSEGTLSMEEGEILLVLEEDGGD-GWTRVRKNNGDEGYVPTSYI 53

Fifth Src homology 3 domain (or SH3E) of Intersectin-2; Intersectin-2 (ITSN2) is an adaptor protein that functions in exo- and endocytosis, actin cytoskeletal reorganization, and signal transduction. It plays a role in clathrin-coated pit (CCP) formation. It binds to many proteins through its multidomain structure and facilitate the assembly of multimeric complexes. ITSN2 also functions as a specific GEF for Cdc42 activation in epithelial morphogenesis, and is required in mitotic spindle orientation. It exists in alternatively spliced short and long isoforms. The short isoform contains two Eps15 homology domains (EH1 and EH2), a coiled-coil region and five SH3 domains (SH3A-E), while the long isoform, in addition, contains RhoGEF (also called Dbl-homologous or DH), Pleckstrin homology (PH) and C2 domains. The fifth SH3 domain (or SH3E) of ITSN2 is expected to bind protein partners, similar to ITSN1 which has been shown to bind many protein partners including SGIP1, Sos1, dynamin1/2, CIN85, c-Cbl, SHIP2, N-WASP, and synaptojanin-1, among others. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854 351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDknWWTCEKnNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11996    1 CQVIAMYDYTANNEDELSFSKGQLINVLNKDDPD--WWQGEI-NGVTGLFPSNYVKM 54

Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain of Apoptosis Stimulating of p53 protein 2; ASPP2 is the full length form of the previously-identified tumor supressor, p53-binding protein 2 (p53BP2). ASPP2 activates the apoptotic function of the p53 family of tumor suppressors (p53, p63, and p73). It plays a central role in regulating apoptosis and cell growth; ASPP2-deficient mice show postnatal death. Downregulated expression of ASPP2 is frequently found in breast tumors, lung cancer, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma where it is correlated with a poor clinical outcome. ASPP2 contains a proline-rich region, four ankyrin (ANK) repeats, and an SH3 domain at its C-terminal half. The SH3 domain and the ANK repeats of ASPP2 contribute to the p53 binding site; they bind to the DNA binding domain of p53. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 392920854 351 GKVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11953    1 GVVYALWDYEGESDDELSFKEGDCMTILRREDEDETEWWWARLNDKEGYVPRNLLGL 57

Src homology 3 domain of High osmolarity signaling protein Sho1p; Sho1p (or Sho1), also called SSU81 (Suppressor of SUA8-1 mutation), is a yeast membrane protein that regulates adaptation to high salt conditions by activating the HOG (high-osmolarity glycerol) pathway. High salt concentrations lead to the localization to the membrane of the MAPKK Pbs2, which is then activated by the MAPKK Ste11 and in turn, activates the MAPK Hog1. Pbs2 is localized to the membrane though the interaction of its PxxP motif with the SH3 domain of Sho1p. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFED--ELSFDAGDELTVIEkdkVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11855    1 RARALYPYDASPDDpnELSFEKGEILEVSD---TSGKWWQARKSNGETGICPSNYLQL 55

N-terminal Src Homology 3 domain of Ct10 Regulator of Kinase adaptor proteins; CRK adaptor proteins consists of SH2 and SH3 domains, which bind tyrosine-phosphorylated peptides and proline-rich motifs, respectively. They function downstream of protein tyrosine kinases in many signaling pathways started by various extracellular signals, including growth and differentiation factors. Cellular CRK (c-CRK) contains a single SH2 domain, followed by N-terminal and C-terminal SH3 domains. It is involved in the regulation of many cellular processes including cell growth, motility, adhesion, and apoptosis. CRK has been implicated in the malignancy of various human cancers. The N-terminal SH3 domain of CRK binds a number of target proteins including DOCK180, C3G, SOS, and cABL. The CRK family includes two alternatively spliced protein forms, CRKI and CRKII, that are expressed by the CRK gene, and the CRK-like (CRKL) protein, which is expressed by a distinct gene (CRKL). SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11758    2 YVRALFDFPGNDDEDLPFKKGEILTVIRKP--EEQWWNARNSEGKTGMIPVPY 52

Third Src Homology 3 domain of the fungal endocytic adaptor protein Sla1p; Sla1p facilitates endocytosis by playing a role as an adaptor protein in coupling components of the actin cytoskeleton to the endocytic machinery. It interacts with Abp1p, Las17p and Pan1p, which are activator proteins of actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3). Sla1p contains multiple domains including three SH3 domains, a SAM (sterile alpha motif) domain, and a Sla1 homology domain 1 (SHD1), which binds to the NPFXD motif that is found in many integral membrane proteins such as the Golgi-localized Arf-binding protein Lsb5p and the P4-ATPases, Drs2p and Dnf1p. The third SH3 domain of Sla1p can bind ubiquitin while retaining the ability to bind proline-rich ligands; monoubiquitination of target proteins signals internalization and sorting through the endocytic pathway. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854 357 YGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEkDKVDKNWWTCEK-NNGEKGQVPRTYL 405
Cdd:cd11775    7 YDFDAQSDDELTVKEGDVVYILD-DKKSKDWWMVENvSTGKEGVVPASYI 55

First Src Homology 3 domain of FCH and double SH3 domains proteins; This group is composed of FCH and double SH3 domains protein 1 (FCHSD1) and FCHSD2. These proteins have a common domain structure consisting of an N-terminal F-BAR (FES-CIP4 Homology and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs), two SH3, and C-terminal proline-rich domains. They have only been characterized in silico and their functions remain unknown. This group also includes the insect protein, nervous wreck, which acts as a regulator of synaptic growth signaling. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 392920854 357 YGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDkNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYL 405
Cdd:cd11761    8 YSYEAQRPDELTITEGEELEVIEDGDGD-GWVKARNKSGEVGYVPENYL 55

Ankyrin repeat; Ankyrins are multifunctional adaptors that link specific proteins to the membrane-associated, spectrin- actin cytoskeleton. This repeat-domain is a 'membrane-binding' domain of up to 24 repeated units, and it mediates most of the protein's binding activities. Repeats 13-24 are especially active, with known sites of interaction for the Na/K ATPase, Cl/HCO(3) anion exchanger, voltage-gated sodium channel, clathrin heavy chain and L1 family cell adhesion molecules. The ANK repeats are found to form a contiguous spiral stack such that ion transporters like the anion exchanger associate in a large central cavity formed by the ANK repeat spiral, while clathrin and cell adhesion molecules associate with specific regions outside this cavity.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854  249 EGITALHNAIC-AGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQD 280
Cdd:pfam00023   1 DGNTPLHLAAGrRGNLEIVKLLLSKGADVNARD 33

Src homology 3 domain of Protein kinase C and Casein kinase Substrate in Neurons 1 (PACSIN1) and PACSIN 2; PACSIN 1 or Syndapin I (Synaptic dynamin-associated protein I) is expressed specifically in the brain and is localized in neurites and synaptic boutons. It binds the brain-specific proteins dynamin I, synaptojanin, synapsin I, and neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (nWASP), and functions as a link between the cytoskeletal machinery and synaptic vesicle endocytosis. PACSIN 1 interacts with huntingtin and may be implicated in the neuropathology of Huntington's disease. PACSIN 2 or Syndapin II is expressed ubiquitously and is involved in the regulation of tubulin polymerization. It associates with Golgi membranes and forms a complex with dynamin II which is crucial in promoting vesicle formation from the trans-Golgi network. PACSINs act as regulators of cytoskeletal and membrane dynamics. Vetebrates harbor three isoforms with distinct expression patterns and specific functions. PACSINs contain an N-terminal F-BAR domain and a C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEkDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYL 405
Cdd:cd11998    2 RVRALYDYDGQEQDELSFKAGDELTKLE-DEDEQGWCKGRLDSGQVGLYPANYV 54

Src homology 3 domain of Src kinase-like Protein Tyrosine Kinases; Src subfamily members include Src, Lck, Hck, Blk, Lyn, Fgr, Fyn, Yrk, Yes, and Brk. Src (or c-Src) proteins are cytoplasmic (or non-receptor) PTKs which are anchored to the plasma membrane. They contain an N-terminal SH4 domain with a myristoylation site, followed by SH3 and SH2 domains, a tyr kinase domain, and a regulatory C-terminal region containing a conserved tyr. They are activated by autophosphorylation at the tyr kinase domain, but are negatively regulated by phosphorylation at the C-terminal tyr by Csk (C-terminal Src Kinase). However, Brk lacks the N-terminal myristoylation sites. Src proteins are involved in signaling pathways that regulate cytokine and growth factor responses, cytoskeleton dynamics, cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. They were identified as the first proto-oncogene products, and they regulate cell adhesion, invasion, and motility in cancer cells, and tumor vasculature, contributing to cancer progression and metastasis. Src kinases are overexpressed in a variety of human cancers, making them attractive targets for therapy. They are also implicated in acute inflammatory responses and osteoclast function. Src, Fyn, Yes, and Yrk are widely expressed, while Blk, Lck, Hck, Fgr, Lyn, and Brk show a limited expression pattern. This subfamily also includes Drosophila Src42A, Src oncogene at 42A (also known as Dsrc41) which accumulates at sites of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion, and participates in Drosphila development and wound healing. It has been shown to promote tube elongation in the tracheal system, is essential for proper cell-cell matching during dorsal closure, and regulates cell-cell contacts in developing Drosophila eyes. The SH3 domain of Src kinases contributes to substrate recruitment by binding adaptor proteins/substrates, and regulation of kinase activity through an intramolecular interaction. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 392920854 355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDKVDknWWTCE-KNNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11845    4 ALYDYEARTDDDLSFKKGDRLQILDDSDGD--WWLARhLSTGKEGYIPSNY 52

Src homology 3 domain of Abl Interactor proteins; Abl interactor (Abi) proteins are adaptor proteins serving as binding partners and substrates of Abl tyrosine kinases. They are involved in regulating actin cytoskeletal reorganization and play important roles in membrane-ruffling, endocytosis, cell motility, and cell migration. They localize to sites of actin polymerization in epithelial adherens junction and immune synapses, as well as to the leading edge of lamellipodia. Vertebrates contain two Abi proteins, Abi1 and Abi2. Abi1 displays a wide expression pattern while Abi2 is highly expressed in the eye and brain. Abi proteins contain a homeobox homology domain, a proline-rich region, and a SH3 domain. The SH3 domain of Abi binds to a PxxP motif in Abl. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKnNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11826    1 KVVALYDYTADKDDELSFQEGDIIYVTKKN--DDGWYEGVL-NGVTGLFPGNY 50

Src homology 3 domain of Signal Transducing Adaptor Molecule 2; STAM2, also called EAST (Epidermal growth factor receptor-associated protein with SH3 and TAM domain) or Hbp (Hrs binding protein), is part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT-0). It plays a role in sorting mono-ubiquinated endosomal cargo for trafficking to the lysosome for degradation. It is also involved in the regulation of exocytosis. STAMs were discovered as proteins that are highly phosphorylated following cytokine and growth factor stimulation. They function in cytokine signaling and surface receptor degradation, as well as regulate Golgi morphology. They associate with many proteins including Jak2 and Jak3 tyrosine kinases, Hrs, AMSH, and UBPY. STAM adaptor proteins contain VHS (Vps27, Hrs, STAM homology), ubiquitin interacting (UIM), and SH3 domains. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIekDKVDKNWWTCEKNNGekgqvprtyLALYPSlkyrkklNFVMFDL 424
Cdd:cd11963    3 KVRALYDFEAVEDNELTFKHGEIIIVL--DDSDANWWKGENHRG---------VGLFPS-------NFVTTDL 57

Src homology 3 domain of Cortactin; Cortactin was originally identified as a substrate of Src kinase. It is an actin regulatory protein that binds to the Arp2/3 complex and stabilizes branched actin filaments. It is involved in cellular processes that affect cell motility, adhesion, migration, endocytosis, and invasion. It is expressed ubiquitously except in hematopoietic cells, where the homolog hematopoietic lineage cell-specific 1 (HS1) is expressed instead. Cortactin contains an N-terminal acidic domain, several copies of a repeat domain found in cortactin and HS1, a proline-rich region, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. The N-terminal region interacts with the Arp2/3 complex and F-actin, and is crucial in regulating branched actin assembly. Cortactin also serves as a scaffold and provides a bridge to the actin cytoskeleton for membrane trafficking and signaling proteins that bind to its SH3 domain. Binding partners for the SH3 domain of cortactin include dynamin2, N-WASp, MIM, FGD1, among others. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 392920854 355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEkdKVDKNWW--TCeknNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11959    4 ALYDYQAADDDEISFDPDDIITNIE--MIDEGWWrgVC---RGKYGLFPANYVEL 53

ankyrin-like protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854 230 LDLVRSSASKL-------TDVSQANDEGITALHNA--ICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVR 300
Cdd:PHA03095 195 LQSFKPRARIVreliragCDPAATDMLGNTPLHSMatGSSCKRSLVLPLLIAGISINARNRYGQTPLHYAAVFNNPRACR 274

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 392920854 301 QLVEGGGCVLASTlSDMETPV 321
Cdd:PHA03095 275 RLIALGADINAVS-SDGNTPL 294

C-terminal Src homology 3 domain of Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) and related proteins; This family includes the adaptor protein GRB2 and related proteins including Drosophila melanogaster Downstream of receptor kinase (DRK), Caenorhabditis elegans Sex muscle abnormal protein 5 (Sem-5), GRB2-related adaptor protein (GRAP), GRAP2, and similar proteins. Family members contain an N-terminal SH3 domain, a central SH2 domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. GRB2/Sem-5/DRK is a critical signaling molecule that regulates the Ras pathway by linking tyrosine kinases to the Ras guanine nucleotide releasing protein Sos (son of sevenless), which converts Ras to the active GTP-bound state. GRAP2 plays an important role in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling by promoting the formation of the SLP-76:LAT complex, which couples the TCR to the Ras pathway. GRAP acts as a negative regulator of T cell receptor (TCR)-induced lymphocyte proliferation by downregulating the signaling to the Ras/ERK pathway. The C-terminal SH3 domains (SH3c) of GRB2 and GRAP2 have been shown to bind to classical PxxP motif ligands, as well as to non-classical motifs. GRB2 SH3c binds Gab2 (Grb2-associated binder 2) through epitopes containing RxxK motifs, while the SH3c of GRAP2 binds to the phosphatase-like protein HD-PTP via a RxxxxK motif. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that typically bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIekDKVDKNWWTCEKnNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11805    1 RVQALYDFNPQEPGELEFRRGDIITVL--DSSDPDWWKGEL-RGRVGIFPANY 50

ankyrin repeat protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854 238 SKLTDVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLPMVRQLVEGGG 307
Cdd:PHA03100 180 SYGVPINIKDVYGFTPLHYAVYNNNPEFVKYLLDLGANPNLVNKYGDTPLHIAILNNNKEIFKLLLNNGP 249

Src Homology 3 domain of Sorting Nexin 9 and similar proteins; Sorting nexins (SNXs) are Phox homology (PX) domain containing proteins that are involved in regulating membrane traffic and protein sorting in the endosomal system. SNXs differ from each other in their lipid-binding specificity, subcellular localization and specific function in the endocytic pathway. This subfamily consists of SH3 domain containing SNXs including SNX9, SNX18, SNX33, and similar proteins. SNX9 is localized to plasma membrane endocytic sites and acts primarily in clathrin-mediated endocytosis, while SNX18 is localized to peripheral endosomal structures, and acts in a trafficking pathway that is clathrin-independent but relies on AP-1 and PACS1. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 352 KVYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkVDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTY 404
Cdd:cd11763    1 KVRALYDFDSQPSGELSLRAGEVLTITRQD-VGDGWLEGRNSRGEVGLFPSSY 52

ankyrin-like protein; Provisional

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854 232 LVRSSAskltDVSQANDEGITALHnaICAG----HYEIVRFLIENDADVNAQDSDGWTPLHCAASCNNLP--MVRQLVEG 305
Cdd:PHA03095 103 LIKAGA----DVNAKDKVGRTPLH--VYLSgfniNPKVIRLLLRKGADVNALDLYGMTPLAVLLKSRNANveLLRLLIDA 176

                 .
gi 392920854 306 G 306
Cdd:PHA03095 177 G 177

Ankyrin repeats (many copies);

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 392920854  227 EGELDLVRSSASKLTDVSQANDEGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLI 270
Cdd:pfam13637  11 SGHLELLRLLLEKGADINAVDGNGETALHFAASNGNVEVLKLLL 54

Src homology 3 domain of Slit-Robo GTPase Activating Proteins; Slit-Robo GTPase Activating Proteins (srGAPs) are Rho GAPs that interact with Robo1, the transmembrane receptor of Slit proteins. Slit proteins are secreted proteins that control axon guidance and the migration of neurons and leukocytes. Vertebrates contain three isoforms of srGAPs (srGAP1-3), all of which are expressed during embryonic and early development in the nervous system but with different localization and timing. A fourth member has also been reported (srGAP4, also called ARHGAP4). srGAPs contain an N-terminal F-BAR domain, a Rho GAP domain, and a C-terminal SH3 domain. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 355 AAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVieKDKVDKNWWTCEKnNGEKGQVPRTYLAL 407
Cdd:cd11809    4 AQFDYTGRSERELSFKKGDSLTL--YRQVSDDWWRGQL-NGQDGLVPHKYITL 53

ankyrin repeats; Ankyrin repeats are about 33 amino acids long and occur in at least four consecutive copies. They are involved in protein-protein interactions. The core of the repeat seems to be an helix-loop-helix structure.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 392920854   249 EGITALHNAICAGHYEIVRFLIENDADVNA 278
Cdd:smart00248   1 DGRTPLHLAAENGNLEVVKLLLDKGADINA 30

Src Homology 3 domain of Abelson helper integration site-1 (AHI-1); AHI-1, also called Jouberin, is expressed in high levels in the brain, gonad tissues, and skeletal muscle. It is an adaptor protein that interacts with the small GTPase Rab8a and regulates it distribution and function, affecting cilium formation and vesicle transport. Mutations in the AHI-1 gene can cause Joubert syndrome, a disorder characterized by brainstem malformations, cerebellar aplasia/hypoplasia, and retinal dystrophy. AHI-1 variation is also associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes mellitus progression. AHI-1 contains WD40 and SH3 domains. SH3 domains are protein interaction domains that bind to proline-rich ligands with moderate affinity and selectivity, preferentially to PxxP motifs. They play versatile and diverse roles in the cell including the regulation of enzymes, changing the subcellular localization of signaling pathway components, and mediating the formation of multiprotein complex assemblies.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 392920854 353 VYAAYGYEAAFEDELSFDAGDELTVIEKDkvDKNWWTCEKNNGEKGQVPRTYL 405
Cdd:cd11812    2 VVALYDYTANRSDELTIHRGDIIRVLYKD--NDNWWFGSLVNGQQGYFPANYV 52