basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor 4 (TCF-4) and similar proteins; TCF-4, also termed E2-2, or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 19 (bHLHb19), or immunoglobulin transcription factor 2 (ITF-2), or SL3-3 enhancer factor 2 (SEF-2), is a bHLH transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enhancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif. It is involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 594 KIEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 673
Cdd:cd18945     1 KAEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMVQLHLKSDKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 80

                  ....*
gi 1015809770 674 EEKVS 678
Cdd:cd18945    81 EEKVS 85

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor 4 (TCF-4) and similar proteins; TCF-4, also termed E2-2, or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 19 (bHLHb19), or immunoglobulin transcription factor 2 (ITF-2), or SL3-3 enhancer factor 2 (SEF-2), is a bHLH transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enhancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif. It is involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 594 KIEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 673
Cdd:cd18945     1 KAEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMVQLHLKSDKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 80

                  ....*
gi 1015809770 674 EEKVS 678
Cdd:cd18945    81 EEKVS 85

Helix-loop-helix DNA-binding domain;

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLE 654
Cdd:pfam00010   1 RREAHNERERRRRDRINDAFDEL-RELLPTLPPDKKLSKAEILRLAIEYIKHLQ 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor 4 (TCF-4) and similar proteins; TCF-4, also termed E2-2, or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 19 (bHLHb19), or immunoglobulin transcription factor 2 (ITF-2), or SL3-3 enhancer factor 2 (SEF-2), is a bHLH transcription factor that binds to the immunoglobulin enhancer Mu-E5/KE5-motif. It is involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 594 KIEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 673
Cdd:cd18945     1 KAEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMVQLHLKSDKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 80

                  ....*
gi 1015809770 674 EEKVS 678
Cdd:cd18945    81 EEKVS 85

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in transcription factor E2-alpha (E2A) and similar proteins; E2A, also termed Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 21 (bHLHb21), or immunoglobulin enhancer-binding factor E12/E47, or immunoglobulin transcription factor 1, or Kappa-E2-binding factor, or transcription factor 3 (TCF-3), or transcription factor ITF-1, is a bHLH transcriptional regulator involved in the initiation of neuronal differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1015809770 600 ERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 673
Cdd:cd18944     1 ERRVANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLNSEKPQTKLLILHQAVSVILNLEQQVRERNLNPKAACLKRRE 74

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster protein daughterless (Da) and similar proteins; Da is a nuclear bHLH transcription factor that is a sole E protein ortholog essential for both neurogenesis and sex determination in Drosophila. Da is expressed in a broad range of tissues and is involved in diverse developmental processes such as oogenesis, sex determination and neurogenesis depending on its bHLH-binding partners. Da and achaete-scute complex (AS-C) form heterodimers that act as transcriptional activators of neural cell fates and are involved in sex determination.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 600 ERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRERNLNPKAACL 669
Cdd:cd11467     1 ERRQANNARERIRIRDINEALKELGRMCMTHLKSDKPQTKLGILNMAVEVIMTLEQQVRERNLNPKAACL 70

helix loop helix domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1015809770  606 NARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPqTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRE 659
Cdd:smart00353   1 NARERRRRRKINEAFDELRSLLPTLPKNKKL-SKAEILRLAIEYIKSLQEELQK 53

tissue specific basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH-TS) domain family; Tissue specific bHLH domain family includes transcription regulators whose expression are restricted to certain tissues. They are involved in cell-fate determination and process in neurogenesis, cardiogenesis, myogenesis, and hematopoiesis and include proteins from myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) family, twist-related protein (TWIST) family, scleraxis-like family, heart- and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein (HAND) family, helix-loop-helix protein (HEN) family, musculin-like family, germline alpha (FIGLA) family, T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia protein/ lymphoblastic leukemia-derived sequence (TAL/LYL) family, ovary, uterus and testis protein (OUT) family, mesoderm posterior protein (Mesp) family, muscle, intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST-1) family, protein atonal homologs (ATOH) family, neurogenin (NGN) family, neurogenic differentiation factor (NeuroD) family, achaete-scute complex-like (ASCL) family, Fer3-like protein (FERD3L)-like family, and Oligodendrocyte lineage genes (OLIG) family of transcription factors.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1015809770 602 RMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQ 655
Cdd:cd11390     1 RNAANARERRRMHDLNDAFEAL-RKVLPTVPPDKKLSKIETLRLAINYIAALSD 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in factor in the germline alpha (FIGLA) and similar proteins; FIGLA, also termed FIGalpha, or Class C basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHc8), or folliculogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix protein, or transcription factor FIGa, is a germ-cell-specific bHLH transcription factor expressed abundantly in female and less so in male germ cells. It is essential for primordial follicle formation and expression of many genes required for folliculogenesis, fertilization and early embryonic survival. FIGLA knockout mice cannot form primordial follicles and lose oocytes rapidly after birth, whereas male gonads are unaffected.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANnARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKPqTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQ 655
Cdd:cd11422     1 RRVAN-ARERERVRNLNSGFSKLRRIVPLIPRDRKP-SKVDTLKGATEYIRLLQR 53

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 9 (bHLHa9) and similar proteins; bHLHa9, also termed Class F basic helix-loop-helix factor 42 (bHLHf42), is a bHLH transcription factor that plays an essential role in limb development.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1015809770 597 REKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd18912     4 RSKARRVAANVRERKRILDYNQAFNAL-RLALKHDLGGKRLSKIATLRRAINRISAL 59

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homolog 8 (ATOH8) and similar proteins; ATOH8, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 21 (bHLHa21), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-6 (hATH6), is a bHLH shear-stress-responsive transcription factor expressed in activated satellite cells and proliferating myoblasts of human skeletal muscle tissue. It regulates endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube-like structures formation. ATOH8 binds a palindromic (canonical) core consensus DNA sequence 5'-CANNTG- 3' known as an E-box element, possibly as a heterodimer with other bHLH proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1015809770 599 KERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKpQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQ 655
Cdd:cd11421     6 RQRRIEANARERTRVHTISAAFEALRKAVPSYSYNQK-LSKLAILRIACSYILALAR 61

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in muscle, intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST-1) family; MIST-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 (bHLHa15), or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHb8), is a bHLH transcription factor expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and other serous exocrine cells. It is essential for cytoskeletal organization and secretory activity. It also functions as a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible transcriptional regulator. MIST-1 is capable of binding to E-box (CANNTG) motifs as a homodimer or a heterodimer with E-proteins (E12 and E47) to regulate transcription. The family also includes Drosophila melanogaster protein dimmed and similar proteins. Dimmed, also termed DIMM, is a bHLH transcription factor that regulates neurosecretory (NS) cell function and neuroendocrine cell fate in Drosophila.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQlHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd11426     1 RRLESNERERLRMHQLNDAFQALREVIP-HVRSERKLSKIETLTLAKNYIKSL 52

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homolog 7 (ATOH7) and similar proteins; ATOH7, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 13 (bHLHa13), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-5 (hATH5), or Math5, is a bHLH transcription factor involved in the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 594 KIEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQlHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd19714     1 RLESAARRRLAANARERRRMQGLNTAFDRLRKVVP-QWGQDKKLSKYETLQMALSYIMAL 59

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in neurogenic differentiation factor 6 (NeuroD6) and similar proteins; NeuroD6, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 2 (bHLHa2), or protein atonal homolog 2 (ATH-2), or Atoh2, or Math2, or Nex1, is a neurogenic bHLH transcription factor involved in neuronal development, differentiation, and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains of both cohorts. It plays an integrative role in coordinating increase in mitochondrial mass with cytoskeletal remodeling, suggesting that it may act as a co-regulator of neuronal differentiation and energy metabolism.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1015809770 592 EQKIEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKpQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVR 658
Cdd:cd19722     5 KARMERVKVRRQEANARERNRMHGLNDALDSLRKVVPCYSKTQK-LSKIETLRLAKNYIWALSEILR 70

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homolog 1 (ATOH1) and similar proteins; ATOH1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 14 (bHLHa14), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-1 (hATH1), or Math1, or Cath1, is a proneural bHLH transcription factor that is essential for inner ear hair cell differentiation. It dimerizes with E47 and activates E-box (CANNTG) dependent transcription. ATOH1 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster gene atonal and mouse atonal homolog 1 (Math1).

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1015809770 598 EKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQ 655
Cdd:cd19713     3 QKQRRLAANARERRRMHGLNHAFDQL-RNVIPSFNNDKKLSKYETLQMAQIYINALSE 59

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in muscle, intestine and stomach expression 1 (MIST-1) and similar proteins; MIST-1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 15 (bHLHa15), or Class B basic helix-loop-helix protein 8 (bHLHb8), is a bHLH transcription factor expressed in pancreatic acinar cells and other serous exocrine cells. It is essential for cytoskeletal organization and secretory activity. It also functions as a potent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducible transcriptional regulator. MIST-1 is capable of binding to E-box (CANNTG) motifs as a homodimer or a heterodimer with E-proteins (E12 and E47) to regulate transcription.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd19711     1 RRLESNERERQRMHKLNNAFQAL-REVIPHVRAEKKLSKIETLTLAKNYIKSL 52

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NeuroD1) and similar proteins; NeuroD1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 3 (bHLHa3), is a neuronal bHLH transcription factor involved in the development and maintenance of the endocrine pancreas and neuronal elements. It acts as an essential regulator of glutamatergic neuronal differentiation. Loss of NeuroD1 causes ataxia, cerebellar hypoplasia, sensorineural deafness, and severe retinal dystrophy in mice.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1015809770 585 EDEDLNPEQK-----------IEREKERRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELGRMCQLHLKSEKpQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd19719     1 EDDDQKPKRRgpkkkkmtkarLERFKMRRMKANARERNRMHGLNAALDNLRKVVPCYSKTQK-LSKIETLRLAKNYIWAL 79

                  ....*
gi 1015809770 654 EQQVR 658
Cdd:cd19719    80 SEILR 84

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in protein atonal homologs ATOH1, ATOH7 and similar proteins; The family includes ATOH1 and ATOH7. ATOH1, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 14 (bHLHa14), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-1 (hATH1), or Math1, or Cath1, is a proneural bHLH transcription factor that is essential for inner ear hair cell differentiation. It dimerizes with E47 and activates E-box (CANNTG) dependent transcription. ATOH1 is a mammalian homolog of the Drosophila melanogaster gene atonal and mouse atonal homolog 1 (Math1). ATOH7, also termed Class A basic helix-loop-helix protein 13 (bHLHa13), or helix-loop-helix protein hATH-5 (hATH5), or Math5, is a bHLH transcription factor involved in the differentiation of retinal ganglion cells. The family also includes protein Amos (also termed absent MD neurons and olfactory sensilla protein, or reduced olfactory organs protein, or rough eye protein). It is a bHLH transcription factor that promotes multiple dendritic neuron formation in the Drosophila peripheral nervous system.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQ 655
Cdd:cd11430     1 RRLAANARERRRMNGLNRAFDQL-RSVVPSIGNDKKLSKYETLQMAQIYIETLSE 54

basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain found in Drosophila melanogaster protein dimmed and similar proteins; Dimmed, also termed DIMM, is a bHLH transcription factor that regulates neurosecretory (NS) cell function and neuroendocrine cell fate in Drosophila.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1015809770 601 RRMANNARERLRVRDINEAFKELgRMCQLHLKSEKPQTKLLILHQAVAVILSL 653
Cdd:cd19712     1 RRLESNERERMRMHSLNDAFQGL-REVIPHVNAERKLSKIETLTLAKNYIKAL 52

basic Helix-Loop-Helix-zipper (bHLHzip) domain found in USF/MITF family; The USF (upstream stimulatory factor)/MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) family includes two bHLHzip transcription factor subfamilies. USFs are ubiquitously expressed and key regulators of a wide number of gene regulation networks, including the stress and immune responses, cell cycle and proliferation, lipid and glucid metabolism. USFs recruit chromatin remodeling enzymes and interact with co-activators and the members of the transcription pre-initiation complex. USFs interact with high affinity to E-box regulatory elements. The MITF (also known as microphthalmia-TFE, or MiT) subfamily comprises four genes in mammals (MITF, TFE3, TFEB, and TFEC); each gene has different functions. MITF is involved in neural crest melanocytes development as well as the pigmented retinal epithelium. TFEB is required for vascularization of the mouse placenta. TFE3 is involved in B cell function. TFEC regulates gene expression in macrophages. The MITF subfamily proteins can form homodimers or heterodimers with each other but not with other bHLH or bHLHzip proteins.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1015809770 605 NNARERLRvRD-INEAFKELGRM---CQLHLKSEKPqTKLLILHQAVAVILSLEQQVRE 659
Cdd:cd11387     2 HNAVERRR-RDnINEKIQELGSLvppSRLETKDLKP-NKGSILSKAVEYIRELQNQNQE 58