cys-based protein tyrosine phosphatase and dual-specificity phosphatase superfamily; This superfamily is composed of cys-based phosphatases, which includes classical protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) as well as dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs or DSPs). They are characterized by a CxxxxxR conserved catalytic loop (where C is the catalytic cysteine, x is any amino acid, and R is an arginine). PTPs are part of the tyrosine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation regulatory mechanism, and are important in the response of the cells to physiologic and pathologic changes in their environment. DUSPs show more substrate diversity (including RNA and lipids) and include pTyr, pSer, and pThr phosphatases.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLR 76
Cdd:cd14596   172 FNIKDIVREMRQQRYGMIQTKDQYLFCYKVVLEVLQ 207

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 20; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 20 (PTPN20) belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Human PTPN20 is a widely expressed phosphatase with a dynamic subcellular distribution that is targeted to sites of actin polymerization.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLR 76
Cdd:cd14596   172 FNIKDIVREMRQQRYGMIQTKDQYLFCYKVVLEVLQ 207

Protein-tyrosine phosphatase;

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:pfam00102 202 VDIFQIVKELRSQRPGMVQTLEQYIFLYDAILE 234

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 20; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 20 (PTPN20) belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Human PTPN20 is a widely expressed phosphatase with a dynamic subcellular distribution that is targeted to sites of actin polymerization.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLR 76
Cdd:cd14596   172 FNIKDIVREMRQQRYGMIQTKDQYLFCYKVVLEVLQ 207

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic domain;

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1207734486   41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:smart00194 227 VDIFEIVKELRSQRPGMVQTEEQYIFLYRAILE 259

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 13 (PTPN13, also known as PTPL1) belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Human PTPN13 is an important regulator of tumor aggressiveness. It regulates breast cancer cell aggressiveness through direct inactivation of Src kinase. In hepatocellular carcinoma, PTPN13 is a tumor suppressor. PTPN13 contains a FERM domain, five PDZ domains, and a C-terminal catalytic PTP domain. With its PDZ domains, PTPN13 has numerous interacting partners that can actively participate in the regulation of its phosphatase activity or can permit direct or indirect recruitment of tyrosine phosphorylated substrates. Its FERM domain is necessary for localization to the membrane.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVL 75
Cdd:cd14597   200 FDISDIVRTMRLQRHGMVQTEDQYIFCYQVILYVL 234

fungal protein tyrosine phosphatases; This subfamily contains Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein-tyrosine phosphatases 1 (PTP1) and 2 (PTP2), Schizosaccharomyces pombe PTP1, PTP2, and PTP3, and similar fungal proteins. PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides; they regulate phosphotyrosine levels in signal transduction pathways. PTP2, together with PTP3, is the major phosphatase that dephosphorylates and inactivates the MAP kinase HOG1 and also modulates its subcellular localization.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1207734486  25 MRRLQGHHRLSPLYFLFN--IMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYD 69
Cdd:cd18533   166 LDELKRGLSDSQDLEDSEdpVYEIVNQLRKQRMSMVQTLRQYIFLYD 212

Protein tyrosine phosphatase, catalytic domain, undefined specificity; Protein tyrosine phosphatases. Homologues detected by this profile and not by those of "PTPc" or "DSPc" are predicted to be protein phosphatases with a similar fold to DSPs and PTPs, yet with unpredicted specificities.

                           10        20        30
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1207734486   41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:smart00012  73 VDIFDTVKELRSQRPGMVQTEEQYLFLYRALLE 105

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 18; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 18 (PTPN18), also called brain-derived phosphatase, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN18 regulates HER2-mediated cellular functions through defining both its phosphorylation and ubiquitination states. The N-terminal catalytic PTP domain of PTPN18 blocks lysosomal routing and delays the degradation of HER2 by dephosphorylation, and its C-terminal PEST domain promotes K48-linked HER2 ubiquitination and its destruction via the proteasome pathway.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEV 74
Cdd:cd14603   232 FSIFDVVLEMRKQRPAAVQTEEQYEFLYHTVAQM 265

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 9; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 9 (PTPN9), also called protein-tyrosine phosphatase MEG2, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN9 plays an important role in promoting intracellular secretary vesicle fusion in hematopoietic cells and promotes the dephosphorylation of ErbB2 and EGFR in breast cancer cells, leading to impaired activation of STAT5 and STAT3. It also directly dephosphorylates STAT3 at the Tyr705 residue, resulting in its inactivation. PTPN9 has been found to be dysregulated in various human cancers, including breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCY 68
Cdd:cd14543   244 NVMQTVRRMRTQRAFSIQTPDQYYFCY 270

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22), also called lymphoid phosphatase (LyP), PEST-domain phosphatase (PEP), or hematopoietic cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase 70Z-PEP, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN22 is expressed in hematopoietic cells and it functions as a key regulator of immune homeostasis by inhibiting T-cell receptor signaling through the direct dephosphorylation of Src family kinases (Lck and Fyn), ITAMs of the TCRz/CD3 complex, and other signaling molecules. Mutations in the PTPN22 gene are associated with multiple connective tissue and autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. PTPN22 contains an N-terminal catalytic PTP domain and four proline-rich regions at the C-terminus.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEV 74
Cdd:cd14602   200 FSVFSLIQEMRTQRPSLVQTKEQYELVYNAVIEL 233

catalytic domain of the kinase interaction motif (KIM) family of protein-tyrosine phosphatases; The kinase interaction motif (KIM) family of protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) includes tyrosine-protein phosphatases non-receptor type 7 (PTPN7) and non-receptor type 5 (PTPN5), and protein-tyrosine phosphatase receptor type R (PTPRR). PTPN7 is also called hematopoietic protein-tyrosine phosphatase (HePTP) while PTPN5 is also called striatal-enriched protein-tyrosine phosphatase (STEP). They belong to the family of classical tyrosine-specific PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) that catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. KIM-PTPs are characterized by the presence of a 16-amino-acid KIM that binds specifically to members of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family. They are highly specific to the MAPKs ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and p38, over JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase); they dephosphorylate these kinases and thereby critically modulate cell proliferation and differentiation.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHF 66
Cdd:cd14547   197 DVLGIVCQLRLDRGGMVQTAEQYEF 221

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 3 (PTPN3), also called protein-tyrosine phosphatase H1 (PTP-H1), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN3 interacts with mitogen-activated protein kinase p38gamma and serves as its specific phosphatase. PTPN3 and p38gamma cooperate to promote Ras-induced oncogenesis. PTPN3 is a large modular protein containing an N-terminal FERM domain, a PDZ domain and a C-terminal catalytic PTP domain. Its PDZ domain binds with the PDZ-binding motif of p38gamma and enables efficient tyrosine dephosphorylation.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  36 PLYFLfnimDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLRK 77
Cdd:cd14600   237 PVYPL----DIVRKMRDQRAMMVQTSSQYKFVCEAILRVYEE 274

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A and E, repeat 2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A (PTPRA) and E (PTPRE) belong to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRA and PTPRE share several functions including regulation of Src family kinases and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. They both contain a small extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular region containing two tandem catalytic PTP domains. This model represents the second PTP domain (repeat 2).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIV 71
Cdd:cd14552   170 VLDVFQVVKSLRLQRPHMVQTLEQYEFCYKVV 201

PTP-like domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C, repeat 2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase C (PTPRC), also known as CD45, leukocyte common antigen (LCA) or GP180, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRC/CD45 is found in all nucleated hematopoietic cells and is an essential regulator of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling. It controls immune response, both positively and negatively, by dephosphorylating a number of signaling molecules such as the Src family kinases, the CD3zeta chain of TCY, and ZAP-70 kinase. Mutations in the human PTPRC/CD45 gene are associated with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and multiple sclerosis. PTPRC/CD45 contains an extracellular receptor-like region with fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a short transmembrane segment, and a cytoplasmic region comprising of a membrane proximal catalytically active PTP domain (repeat 1 or D1) and a membrane distal catalytically impaired PTP-like domain (repeat 2, or D2). This model represents repeat 2.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMD------------IVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYD 69
Cdd:cd14558   162 LWNLLEsaetekvvdvfqVVKALRKQRPGMVSTLEQYQFLYD 203

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase E, repeat 2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase E (PTPRE), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon (R-PTP-epsilon), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. The PTPRE gene contains two distinct promoters that generate the two major isoforms: transmembrane (receptor type RPTPe or PTPeM) and cytoplasmic (cyt-PTPe or PTPeC). Receptor type RPTPe plays a critical role in signaling transduction pathways and phosphoprotein network topology in red blood cells, and may also play a role in osteoclast formation and function. It also negatively regulates PDGFRbeta-mediated signaling pathways that are crucial for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. cyt-PTPe acts as a negative regulator of insulin receptor signaling in skeletal muscle. It regulates insulin-induced phosphorylation of proteins downstream of the insulin receptor. Receptor type RPTPe contains a small extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment, and an intracellular region two tandem catalytic PTP domains. This model represents the second PTP domain (repeat 2).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIV 71
Cdd:cd14622   171 LLDVFQTVKSLRLQRPHMVQTLEQYEFCYRVV 202

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A, repeat 2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A (PTPRA), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase alpha (R-PTP-alpha), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRA is a positive regulator of Src and Src family kinases via dephosphorylation of the Src-inhibitory tyrosine 527. Thus, it affects transformation and tumorigenesis, inhibition of proliferation, cell cycle arrest, integrin signaling, neuronal differentiation and outgrowth, and ion channel activity. It is also involved in interleukin-1 signaling in fibroblasts through its interaction with the focal adhesion targeting domain of focal adhesion kinase. PTPRA comprises a small extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular region containing two tandem catalytic PTP domains. This model represents the second PTP domain (repeat 2).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14623   195 ILDVFQTVKSLRLQRPHMVQTLEQYEFCYKVVQE 228

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 12 (PTPN12), also called PTP-PEST or protein-tyrosine phosphatase G1 (PTPG1), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN12 is characterized as a tumor suppressor and a pivotal regulator of EGFR/HER2 signaling. It regulates various physiological processes, including cell migration, immune response, and neuronal activity, by dephosphorylating multiple substrates including HER2, FAK, PYK2, PSTPIP, WASP, p130Cas, paxillin, Shc, catenin, c-Abl, ArgBP2, p190RhoGAP, RhoGDI, cell adhesion kinase beta, and Rho GTPase.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1207734486  41 FNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLRKLL 79
Cdd:cd14604   259 FNVFNLIQEMRTQRHSAVQTKEQYELVHRAIAQLFEKQL 297

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 and type 6; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11) and type 6 (PTPN6) belong to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN11 and PTPN6, are also called SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and 1 (SHP1), respectively. They contain two tandem SH2 domains: a catalytic PTP domain, and a C-terminal tail with regulatory properties. Although structurally similar, they have different localization and different roles in signal transduction. PTPN11/SHP2 is expressed ubiquitously and plays a positive role in cell signaling, leading to cell activation, while PTPN6/SHP1 expression is restricted mainly to hematopoietic and epithelial cells and functions as a negative regulator of signaling events.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1207734486  44 MDI--VAQM-REQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCY 68
Cdd:cd14544   215 IDIqkTIQMvRSQRSGMVQTEAQYKFIY 242

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase R; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like R (PTPRR or R-PTP-R), also called protein-tyrosine phosphatase PCPTP1, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRR is a kinase interaction motif (KIM)-PTP, characterized by the presence of a 16-amino-acid KIM that binds specifically to members of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family. The human and mouse PTPRR gene produces multiple neuronal protein isoforms of varying sizes (in human, PTPPBS-alpha, beta, gamma and delta). All isoforms contain the KIM motif and the catalytic PTP domain. PTPRR-deficient mice show significant defects in fine motor coordination and balance skills that are reminiscent of a mild ataxia.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCY 68
Cdd:cd14611   197 VVDVLSIVCQLRVDRGGMVQTSEQYEFVH 225

PTP-like domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase N2 (PTPRN2 or R-PTP-N2), also called islet cell autoantigen-related protein (IAR), ICAAR, phogrin, or IA-2beta, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). It consists of a large ectodomain that contains a RESP18HD (regulated endocrine-specific protein 18 homology domain), followed by a transmembrane segment, and a single, catalytically-impaired, PTP domain. It is mainly expressed in neuropeptidergic neurons and peptide-secreting endocrine cells, including insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells. It may function as a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase to regulate insulin secretion. It is also required for normal accumulation of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the brain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1207734486  44 MDIVA---QMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14610   246 IDIAAtleHLRDQRPGMVQTKEQFEFALTAVAE 278

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T (PTPRT), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase rho (RPTP-rho or PTPrho), belongs to the type IIb subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), which belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRT is highly expressed in the nervous system and it plays a critical role in regulation of synaptic formation and neuronal development. It dephosphorylates a specific tyrosine residue in syntaxin-binding protein 1, a key component of synaptic vesicle fusion machinery, and regulates its binding to syntaxin 1. PTPRT has been identified as a potential candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) susceptibility. It contains an extracellular region with an Meprin-A5 (neuropilin)-mu (MAM) domain, an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, and four fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular segment with a juxtamembrane domain similar to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and two tandem PTP domains. This model represents the first (repeat 1) PTP domain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14630   202 DIFNCVRELRAQRVNMVQTEEQYVFVHDAILE 233

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase E, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase E (PTPRE), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase epsilon (R-PTP-epsilon), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. The PTPRE gene contains two distinct promoters that generate the two major isoforms: transmembrane (receptor type RPTPe or PTPeM) and cytoplasmic (cyt-PTPe or PTPeC). Receptor type RPTPe plays a critical role in signaling transduction pathways and phosphoprotein network topology in red blood cells, and may also play a role in osteoclast formation and function. It also negatively regulates PDGFRbeta-mediated signaling pathways that are crucial for the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. cyt-PTPe acts as a negative regulator of insulin receptor signaling in skeletal muscle. It regulates insulin-induced phosphorylation of proteins downstream of the insulin receptor. Receptor type RPTPe contains a small extracellular region, a single transmembrane segment, and an intracellular region two tandem catalytic PTP domains. This model represents the first PTP domain (repeat 1).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14620   198 DVFEFVSRIRNQRPQMVQTDMQYSFIYQALLE 229

catalytic domain of type IIb (or R2B) subfamily receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases, repeat 1; The type II (or R2B) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) include the prototypical member PTPmu (or PTPRM), PCP-2 (or PTPRU), PTPrho (or PTPRT), and PTPkappa (or PTPRK). They belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Type IIb RPTPs mediate cell-cell adhesion though homophilic interactions; their ligand is an identical molecule on an adjacent cell. No heterophilic interactions between the subfamily members have been observed. They also commonly function as tumor suppressors. They contain an extracellular region with an Meprin-A5 (neuropilin)-mu (MAM) domain, an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, and four fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular segment with a juxtamembrane domain similar to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and two tandem PTP domains. This model represents the first (repeat 1) PTP domain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14555   170 DIYNCVKELRSRRVNMVQTEEQYIFIHDAILE 201

PTP-like domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase D, repeat 2; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase-like D (PTPRD), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase delta (R-PTP-delta), belongs to the LAR (leukocyte common antigen-related) family of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases (RPTPs), which belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. LAR-RPTPs are synaptic adhesion molecules that play roles in various aspects of neuronal development, including axon guidance, neurite extension, and synapse formation and function. PTPRD is involved in pre-synaptic differentiation through interaction with SLITRK2. It contains an extracellular region with three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains and four to eight fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats (determined by alternative splicing), a single transmembrane domain, followed by an intracellular region with a membrane-proximal catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1, also called D1) and a membrane-distal non-catalytic PTP-like domain (repeat 2, also called D2). This model represents the non-catalytic PTP-like domain (repeat 2). Although described as non-catalytic, this domain contains the catalytic cysteine and the active site signature motif, HCSAGxGRxG.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVL 75
Cdd:cd14628   254 DIFQTVKMLRTQRPAMVQTEDQYQFCYRAALEYL 287

PTP domain of type IIb (or R2B) subfamily receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases, repeat 2; The type IIb (or R2B) subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) include the prototypical member PTPmu (or PTPRM), PCP-2 (or PTPRU), PTPrho (or PTPRT), and PTPkappa (or PTPRK). They belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Type IIb RPTPs mediate cell-cell adhesion though homophilic interactions; their ligand is an identical molecule on an adjacent cell. No heterophilic interactions between the subfamily members have been observed. They also commonly function as tumor suppressors. They contain an extracellular region with an Meprin-A5 (neuropilin)-mu (MAM) domain, an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, and four fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular segment with a juxtamembrane domain similar to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and two tandem PTP domains. This model represents the second (repeat 2) PTP domain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDI---VAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYD 69
Cdd:cd14556   171 NVVDVfqaVKTLRNHRPNMVETEEQYKFCYD 201

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase O (PTPRO or R-PTP-O), also known as glomerular epithelial protein 1 or protein tyrosine phosphatase U2 (PTP-U2), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRO is a member of the R3 subfamily of receptor-type phosphotyrosine phosphatases (RPTP), characterized by a unique modular composition consisting of multiple extracellular fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats and a single (most RPTP subtypes have two) cytoplasmic catalytic PTP domain. It is essential for sustaining the structure and function of foot processes by regulating tyrosine phosphorylation of podocyte proteins. It has been identified as a synaptic cell adhesion molecule (CAM) that serves as a potent initiator of synapse formation. It is also a tumor suppressor in several types of cancer, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, lung cancer, and breast cancer.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1207734486  19 TGGAVRMRRLQGHHRLsplYFLFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVL 72
Cdd:cd14614   193 TGTFIALDRLLQHIRD---HEFVDILGLVSEMRSYRMSMVQTEEQYIFIHQCVQ 243

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase S (PTPRS), also known as receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase sigma (R-PTP-sigma), belongs to the LAR (leukocyte common antigen-related) family of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases (RPTPs), which belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRS is a receptor for glycosaminoglycans, including heparan sulfate proteoglycan and neural chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), which present a barrier to axon regeneration. It also plays a role in stimulating neurite outgrowth in response to the heparan sulfate proteoglycan GPC2. PTPRS contains an extracellular region with three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains and four to eight fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats (determined by alternative splicing), a single transmembrane domain, followed by an intracellular region with a membrane-proximal catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1, also called D1) and a membrane-distal non-catalytic PTP-like domain (repeat 2, also called D2). This model represents the catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1).

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1207734486  47 VAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVL 75
Cdd:cd14625   252 VTLMRSQRNYMVQTEDQYSFIHDALLEAV 280

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase M, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase M (PTPRM), also known as protein-tyrosine phosphatase mu (R-PTP-mu or PTPmu), belongs to the type IIb subfamily of receptor protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs), which belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRM/PTPmu is a homophilic cell adhesion molecule expressed in CNS neurons and glia. It is required for E-, N-, and R-cadherin-dependent neurite outgrowth. Loss of PTPmu contributes to tumor cell migration and dispersal of human glioblastomas. PTPRM contains an extracellular region with an Meprin-A5 (neuropilin)-mu (MAM) domain, an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, and four fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular segment with a juxtamembrane domain similar to the cytoplasmic domain of classical cadherins and two tandem PTP domains. This model represents the first (repeat 1) PTP domain.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14633   239 DIYNCVRELRSRRVNMVQTEEQYVFIHDAILE 270

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase Z, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase Z (PTPRZ), also called receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase zeta (R-PTP-zeta), belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. Three isoforms are generated by alternative splicing from a single PTPRZ gene: two transmembrane isoforms, PTPRZ-A and PTPRZ-B, and one secretory isoform, PTPRZ-S (also known as phosphacan); all are preferentially expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) as chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycans. PTPRZ isoforms play important roles in maintaining oligodendrocyte precursor cells in an undifferentiated state. PTPRZ is a type 1 integral membrane protein consisting of an extracellular region with a carbonic anhydrase-like (CAH) and a fibronectin type III (FN3) domains, and an intracellular region with a catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1) proximal to the membrane, and a catalytically inactive PTP-fold domain (repeat 2) distal to the membrane. This model represents the catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1).

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gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYD 69
Cdd:cd17668   179 NIFGFLKHIRSQRNYLVQTEEQYVFIHD 206

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 21; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 21 (PTPN21), also called protein-tyrosine phosphatase D1, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN21 is a component of a multivalent scaffold complex nucleated by focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at specific intracellular sites. It promotes cytoskeleton events that induce cell adhesion and migration by modulating Src-FAK signaling. It can also selectively associate with and stimulate Tec family kinases and modulate Stat3 activation. Human PTPN21 may also play a pathologic role in gastrointestinal tract tumorigenesis. PTPN21 contains an N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal catalytic PTP domain, separated by a long intervening sequence.

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gi 1207734486  40 LFNIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLR 76
Cdd:cd14598   184 MLDIPRVLDMLRQQRMMMVQTLSQYTFVYKVLIQFLK 220

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A and E, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase A (PTPRA) and E (PTPRE) belong to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRA and PTPRE share several functions including regulation of Src family kinases and voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels. They both contain a small extracellular domain, a transmembrane segment, and an intracellular region containing two tandem catalytic PTP domains. This model represents the first catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1).

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gi 1207734486  42 NIMDIVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCY 68
Cdd:cd14551   175 DVFGFVSRIRQQRSQMVQTDMQYVFIY 201

catalytic domain of tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14; Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14), also called protein-tyrosine phosphatase pez, belongs to the family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPN14 is a potential tumor suppressor and plays a regulatory role in the Hippo and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. It contains an N-terminal FERM domain and a C-terminal catalytic PTP domain, separated by a long intervening sequence.

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                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1207734486  46 IVAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLEVLR 76
Cdd:cd14599   257 MLRHLREQRMFMIQTIAQYKFVYQVLIQFLK 287

catalytic domain of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F, repeat 1; Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase F (PTPRF), also known as leukocyte common antigen related (LAR), is the prototypical member of the LAR family of receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatases (RPTPs), which belong to the larger family of classical tyrosine-specific protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). PTPs (EC 3.1.3.48) catalyze the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine peptides. PTPRF/LAR plays a role for LAR in cadherin complexes where it associates with and dephosphorylates beta-catenin, a pathway which may be critical for cadherin complex stability and cell-cell association. It also regulates focal adhesions through cyclin-dependent kinase-1 and is involved in axon guidance in the developing nervous system. It also functions in regulating insulin signaling. PTPRF contains an extracellular region with three immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains and four to eight fibronectin type III (FN3) repeats (determined by alternative splicing), a single transmembrane domain, followed by an intracellular region with a membrane-proximal catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1, also called D1) and a membrane-distal non-catalytic PTP-like domain (repeat 2, also called D2). This model represents the catalytic PTP domain (repeat 1).

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gi 1207734486  47 VAQMREQRSGMVQTKEQYHFCYDIVLE 73
Cdd:cd14626   246 VTCMRSQRNYMVQTEDQYIFIHEALLE 272