UBA-like autoinhibitory domain (AID) found in vertebrate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (AMPKalpha-1); AMPKalpha-1, also called acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase (ACACA kinase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase (HMGCR kinase), or Tau-protein kinase PRKAA1, is one of the catalytic subunits of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It has been implicated in a number of important cellular processes. For instance, it functions as a glucose sensor controlling CD8 T-cell memory, as well as a new kinase for RhoA and a new mediator of the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. It also plays a significant role in cervical malignant growth, in regulating oxidative stress and life span in erythrocytes, in modulating the antioxidant status of vascular endothelial cells, in limiting skeletal muscle overgrowth during hypertrophy through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway. AMPKalpha-1 has an N-terminal Ser/Thr kinase domain followed by an ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like AID and a C-terminal AMPK regulatory domain. The Ser/Thr kinase domain contains a conserved Thr residue that must be phosphorylated for activity in the activation loop. The AID is responsible for AMPKalpha subunit autoinhibition. The C-terminal regulatory domain of the alpha1-subunit is essential for binding the beta1- and gamma1-subunits.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1239469461  38 STMIDDEALKEVCEKFECSEEEVLSCLYNRNHQDPLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNEAKDFYLATSPPDS 102
Cdd:cd14403     1 SNMIDDEALKEVCEKCECTEEEVLSCLYSRNHQDPLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNEAKDFYLATSPPDS 65

UBA-like autoinhibitory domain (AID) found in vertebrate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 (AMPKalpha-1); AMPKalpha-1, also called acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase (ACACA kinase), hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase kinase (HMGCR kinase), or Tau-protein kinase PRKAA1, is one of the catalytic subunits of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). It has been implicated in a number of important cellular processes. For instance, it functions as a glucose sensor controlling CD8 T-cell memory, as well as a new kinase for RhoA and a new mediator of the vasoprotective effects of estrogen. It also plays a significant role in cervical malignant growth, in regulating oxidative stress and life span in erythrocytes, in modulating the antioxidant status of vascular endothelial cells, in limiting skeletal muscle overgrowth during hypertrophy through inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-signaling pathway. AMPKalpha-1 has an N-terminal Ser/Thr kinase domain followed by an ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like AID and a C-terminal AMPK regulatory domain. The Ser/Thr kinase domain contains a conserved Thr residue that must be phosphorylated for activity in the activation loop. The AID is responsible for AMPKalpha subunit autoinhibition. The C-terminal regulatory domain of the alpha1-subunit is essential for binding the beta1- and gamma1-subunits.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1239469461  38 STMIDDEALKEVCEKFECSEEEVLSCLYNRNHQDPLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNEAKDFYLATSPPDS 102
Cdd:cd14403     1 SNMIDDEALKEVCEKCECTEEEVLSCLYSRNHQDPLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNEAKDFYLATSPPDS 65

Catalytic domain of the Alpha subunit of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase; STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. AMPK, also called SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting1) in yeasts and SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase1) in plants, is a heterotrimeric enzyme composed of a catalytic alpha subunit and two regulatory subunits, beta and gamma. It is a stress-activated kinase that serves as master regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism by monitoring carbon and energy supplies, via sensing the cell's AMP:ATP ratio. In response to decreased ATP levels, it enhances energy-producing processes and inhibits energy-consuming pathways. Once activated, AMPK phosphorylates a broad range of downstream targets, with effects in carbohydrate metabolism and uptake, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, carbon energy storage, and inflammation, among others. Defects in energy homeostasis underlie many human diseases including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer. As a result, AMPK has emerged as a therapeutic target in the treatment of these diseases. The AMPK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEWF 21
Cdd:cd14079   236 MLVVDPLKRITIPEIRQHPWF 256

Serine/Threonine protein kinases, catalytic domain; Phosphotransferases. Serine or threonine-specific kinase subfamily.

                           10        20
                   ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1239469461    1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEWF 21
Cdd:smart00220 234 LLVKDPEKRLTAEEALQHPFF 254

C-terminal regulatory domain of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha catalytic subunit; AMPK, a serine/threonine protein kinase (STK), catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to S/T residues on protein substrates. It acts as a sensor for the energy status of the cell and is activated by cellular stresses that lead to ATP depletion such as hypoxia, heat shock, and glucose deprivation, among others. AMPK is a heterotrimer of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Co-expression of the three subunits is required for kinase activity; in the absence of one, the other two subunits get degraded. The AMPK alpha subunit is the catalytic subunit and it contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). Vertebrates contain two isoforms of the alpha subunit, alpha1 and alpha2, which are encoded by different genes, PRKAA1 and PRKAA2, respectively. The C-terminal RD of the AMPK alpha subunit is involved in AMPK heterotrimer formation. It mainly interacts with the C-terminal region of the beta subunit to form a tight alpha-beta complex that is associated with the gamma subunit. The AMPK alpha subunit RD also contains an auto-inhibitory region that interacts with the kinase domain; this inhibition is negated by the interaction with the AMPK gamma subunit. AMPK is conserved throughout evolution; the AMPK alpha subunit homologs in yeast and plants are called Snf1 and SnRK1 (Snf1 related kinase), respectively.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1239469461 146 KAKWHLGIRSQSRPNDIMAEVCRAIKQLDYEWKVVNPYYLRVRRKNPVTS---------------------TYSKMSLQL 204
Cdd:cd12122     1 ERRWHLGIRSQSHPHEIMLEVYRALKALGFEWKKISPYHIKCRWKNPVVGkpggssgesssadgpgaarqpTVVKMELQL 80

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1239469461 205 YQVDSRTYLLDFRSIDDEITEAKSGTatpqrsgsvsnyrscqrsdsdaeaqgkssevsltssvtsldssPVDLTPRPGSH 284
Cdd:cd12122    81 YKVDDNKYLLDFQSLDYEEERTGPGE-------------------------------------------SAEDAEPQVGS 117

                         170
                  ....*....|....*
gi 1239469461 285 TIEFFEMCANLIKIL 299
Cdd:cd12122   118 TFLFFDLCAKLITEL 132

C-terminal regulatory domain of 5'-AMP-activated serine/threonine kinase, subunit alpha; AMPK, a serine/threonine protein kinase (STK), catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to S/T residues on protein substrates. It acts as a sensor for the energy status of the cell and is activated by cellular stresses that lead to ATP depletion such as hypoxia, heat shock, and glucose deprivation, among others. AMPK is a heterotrimer of three subunits: alpha, beta, and gamma. Co-expression of the three subunits is required for kinase activity; in the absence of one, the other two subunits get degraded. The AMPK alpha subunit is the catalytic subunit and it contains an N-terminal kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain (RD). Vertebrates contain two isoforms of the alpha subunit, alpha1 and alpha2, which are encoded by different genes, PRKAA1 and PRKAA2, respectively, and show varying expression patterns. AMPKalpha2 shows cytoplasmic and nuclear localization, whereas AMPKalpha1 is localized only in the cytoplasm. The C-terminal RD of the AMPK alpha 1 subunit is involved in AMPK heterotrimer formation. It mainly interacts with the C-terminal region of the beta subunit to form a tight alpha-beta complex that is associated with the gamma subunit. The AMPK alpha subunit RD also contains an auto-inhibitory region that interacts with the kinase domain; this inhibition is negated by the interaction with the AMPK gamma subunit.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1239469461 143 GVRKAKWHLGIRSQSRPNDIMAEVCRAIKQLDYEWKVVNPYYLRVRRKNPVTSTYSKMSLQLYQVDSRTYLLDFRSIDDE 222
Cdd:cd12200     2 AVKKAKWHLGIRSQSKPYDIMAEVYRAMKQLDFEWKVVNPYHLRVRRKNPVTGNYVKMSLQLYQVDNRSYLLDFKSIDDE 81

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1239469461 223 iteaksgtatpqrsgsvsnyrscqrsdsdaeaqgkssevsltssvtsldsspvdltPRPGSHTIEFFEMCANLIKIL 299
Cdd:cd12200    82 --------------------------------------------------------PRLGSHTMDFFEMCASLITTL 102

UBA-like autoinhibitory domain (AID) found in vertebrate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic alpha (AMPKalpha) subunits; The family corresponds to the catalytic subunits of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which includes two isoforms encoded by two distinct genes, AMPKalpha-1 (PRKAA1) and AMPKalpha-2 (PRKAA2). Skeletal muscle predominantly expresses the AMPKalpha-2, whereas the liver expresses approximately equal amounts of both AMPKalpha subunits. One AMPKalpha subunit and two regulatory subunits, beta (beta1, beta2, beta3) and gamma (gamma1, gamma2, gamma3) form a heterotrimeric AMPK complex that plays a central role in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism, activates energy-producing pathways and inhibits energy-consuming processes through responding to a fall in intracellular ATP levels. It is activated in beta-cells at low glucose concentrations, but inhibited as glucose levels increase. AMPKalpha subunits show significant similarity in the catalytic core region, but have divergent COOH-terminal tails, suggesting they may interact with different proteins within this region. Both of AMPKalpha subunits have an N-terminal Ser/Thr kinase domain followed by an ubiquitin-associated (UBA)-like AID, and a C-terminal AMPK regulatory domain. The Ser/Thr kinase domain contains a conserved Thr residue that must be phosphorylated for activity in the activation loop. The AID is responsible for AMPKalpha subunits autoinhibition. The C-terminal regulatory domain of the alpha-subunit is essential for binding the beta- and gamma-subunits.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1239469461  38 STMIDDEALKEVCEKFECSEEEVLSCLYNRNHQDPLAVAYHLIIDNRRIMNEAKDFYLATSPPDS 102
Cdd:cd14336     1 ASIVDDEAVKEVCEKFGVTEEEVLSALLSGDPHDQLVIAYHLIVDNKRIADEAAKFSLEDFYPAS 65

Catalytic domain of the Alpha subunit of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase; STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. AMPK, also called SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting1) in yeasts and SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase1) in plants, is a heterotrimeric enzyme composed of a catalytic alpha subunit and two regulatory subunits, beta and gamma. It is a stress-activated kinase that serves as master regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism by monitoring carbon and energy supplies, via sensing the cell's AMP:ATP ratio. In response to decreased ATP levels, it enhances energy-producing processes and inhibits energy-consuming pathways. Once activated, AMPK phosphorylates a broad range of downstream targets, with effects in carbohydrate metabolism and uptake, lipid and fatty acid biosynthesis, carbon energy storage, and inflammation, among others. Defects in energy homeostasis underlie many human diseases including Type 2 diabetes, obesity, heart disease, and cancer. As a result, AMPK has emerged as a therapeutic target in the treatment of these diseases. The AMPK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEWF 21
Cdd:cd14079   236 MLVVDPLKRITIPEIRQHPWF 256

Catalytic domain of AMP-activated protein kinase-like Serine/Threonine Kinases; STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. The AMPK-like subfamily is composed of AMPK, MARK, BRSK, NUAK, MELK, SNRK, TSSK, and SIK, among others. LKB1 serves as a master upstream kinase that activates AMPK and most AMPK-like kinases. AMPK, also called SNF1 (sucrose non-fermenting1) in yeasts and SnRK1 (SNF1-related kinase1) in plants, is a heterotrimeric enzyme composed of a catalytic alpha subunit and two regulatory subunits, beta and gamma. It is a stress-activated kinase that serves as master regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism by monitoring carbon and energy supplies, via sensing the cell's AMP:ATP ratio. MARKs phosphorylate tau and related microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), and regulates microtubule-based intracellular transport. They are involved in embryogenesis, epithelial cell polarization, cell signaling, and neuronal differentiation. BRSKs play important roles in establishing neuronal polarity. TSSK proteins are almost exclusively expressed postmeiotically in the testis and play important roles in spermatogenesis and/or spermiogenesis. The AMPK-like subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEW 20
Cdd:cd14003   233 MLVVDPSKRITIEEILNHPW 252

C-terminal regulatory domain of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha subunit and similar domains; This family is composed of AMPKs, microtubule-associated protein/microtubule affinity regulating kinases (MARKs), yeast Kcc4p-like proteins, plant calcineurin B-Like (CBL)-interacting protein kinases (CIPKs), and similar proteins. They are serine/threonine protein kinases (STKs) that catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to S/T residues on protein substrates. AMPKs act as sensors for the energy status of the cell and are activated by cellular stresses that lead to ATP depletion such as hypoxia, heat shock, and glucose deprivation, among others. MARKs phosphorylate the tau protein and related microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) on tubulin binding sites to induce detachment from microtubules, and are involved in the regulation of cell shape and polarity, cell cycle control, transport, and the cytoskeleton. Kcc4p and related proteins are septin-associated proteins that are involved in septin organization and in the yeast morphogenesis checkpoint coordinating the cell cycle with bud formation. CIPKs interact with the calcineurin B-like (CBL) calcium sensors to form a signaling network that decode specific calcium signals triggered by a variety of environmental stimuli including salinity, drought, cold, light, and mechanical perturbation, among others. All members of this family contain an N-terminal catalytic kinase domain and a C-terminal regulatory domain which is also called kinase associated domain 1 (KA1) in some cases. The C-terminal regulatory domain serves as a protein interaction domain in AMPKs and CIPKs. In MARKs and Kcc4p-like proteins, this domain binds phospholipids and may be involved in membrane localization.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1239469461 148 KWHLGIRSQSRPNDIMAEVCRAIKQLDYEWKVVNPYY-LRVRRKNP--VTSTYSKMSLQLYQVDSRTYLLDFRSI 219
Cdd:cd12120     3 KWELEIHSRIDPSEIYEGIHKVLEGWGKNLVFRITNFiITGKLVNDhiLFLRSTLFEIEVYEVGPGLFMVDFKKK 77

Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine kinases, Liver Kinase B1, Calmodulin Dependent Protein Kinase Kinase, and similar proteins; STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. Both LKB1 and CaMKKs can phosphorylate and activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). LKB1, also called STK11, serves as a master upstream kinase that activates AMPK and most AMPK-like kinases. LKB1 and AMPK are part of an energy-sensing pathway that links cell energy to metabolism and cell growth. They play critical roles in the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity, cell proliferation, cytoskeletal organization, as well as T-cell metabolism, including T-cell development, homeostasis, and effector function. CaMKKs are upstream kinases of the CaM kinase cascade that phosphorylate and activate CaMKI and CamKIV. They may also phosphorylate other substrates including PKB and AMPK. Vertebrates contain two CaMKKs, CaMKK1 (or alpha) and CaMKK2 (or beta). CaMKK1 is involved in the regulation of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. CaMKK2 is involved in regulating energy balance, glucose metabolism, adiposity, hematopoiesis, inflammation, and cancer. The LKB1/CaMKK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEWF 21
Cdd:cd14008   247 MLEKDPEKRITLKEIKEHPWV 267

Protein kinase domain;

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|.
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEWF 21
Cdd:pfam00069 197 LLKKDPSKRLTATQALQHPWF 217

Catalytic domain of the Serine/Threonine Kinase, novel (nua) kinase family NUAK; STKs catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to serine/threonine residues on protein substrates. NUAK proteins are classified as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-related kinases, which like AMPK are activated by the major tumor suppressor LKB1. Vertebrates contain two NUAK proteins, called NUAK1 and NUAK2. NUAK1, also called ARK5 (AMPK-related protein kinase 5), regulates cell proliferation and displays tumor suppression through direct interaction and phosphorylation of p53. It is also involved in cell senescence and motility. High NUAK1 expression is associated with invasiveness of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and breast cancer cells. NUAK2, also called SNARK (Sucrose, non-fermenting 1/AMP-activated protein kinase-related kinase), is involved in energy metabolism. It is activated by hyperosmotic stress, DNA damage, and nutrients such as glucose and glutamine. NUAK2-knockout mice develop obesity, altered serum lipid profiles, hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, and impaired glucose tolerance. The NUAK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other STKs, protein tyrosine kinases, RIO kinases, aminoglycoside phosphotransferase, choline kinase, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|
gi 1239469461   1 MLQVDPMKRATIKDIREHEW 20
Cdd:cd14073   234 MLTVNPKRRATIEDIANHWW 253