HSR domain; The Sp100 protein is a constituent of nuclear domains, also known as nuclear dots (NDs). An ND-targeting region that coincides with a homodimerization domain was mapped in Sp100. Sequences similar to the Sp100 homodimerization/ND-targeting region occur in several other proteins and constitute a novel protein motif, termed HSR domain (for homogeneously-staining region). The HSR domain has also been named ASS (AIRE, Sp-100 and Sp140). This domain is usually found at the amino terminus of proteins that contain a SAND domain pfam01342.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1808862635  14 MEEALFQHFMHQKLGIAYAIHKPFPFFEGLLDNSIITKRMYMESLEACRNLIPVSRVVHNILTQLERTFNLSLLVTLFSQ 93
Cdd:pfam03172   1 LEEALFQHFKENKVEIAYAIKKPFPFLEGLRDHSFITEKMYKESLEACRNLVPVQRVVYNVLSELEKTFSLSLLEALFSD 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 1808862635  94 INLREYPNLVTIYRSFKRV 112
Cdd:pfam03172  81 VNLKEYPDLIEILKSFPNV 99

PHD finger found in the Sp100/Sp140 family of nuclear body components; The Sp100/Sp140 family includes nuclear body proteins SP100, SP140, and similar proteins. Sp110, also termed interferon-induced protein 41/75, or speckled 110 kDa, or transcriptional coactivator Sp110, is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. Sp110 gene polymorphisms may be associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis in Chinese population. Sp110 contains a Sp100-like domain, a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD). SP140, also termed lymphoid-restricted homolog of Sp100 (LYSp100), or nuclear autoantigen Sp-140, or speckled 140 kDa, is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus's viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Sp140 contains a nuclear localization signal, a dimerization domain (HSR or CARD domain), a SAND domain, a PHD finger, and a BRD.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 542 ECEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15626     1 KCEVCGQEGKLFCCCTCSRVFHEDCHIPPVEAQRSPWSCTFC 42

HSR domain; The Sp100 protein is a constituent of nuclear domains, also known as nuclear dots (NDs). An ND-targeting region that coincides with a homodimerization domain was mapped in Sp100. Sequences similar to the Sp100 homodimerization/ND-targeting region occur in several other proteins and constitute a novel protein motif, termed HSR domain (for homogeneously-staining region). The HSR domain has also been named ASS (AIRE, Sp-100 and Sp140). This domain is usually found at the amino terminus of proteins that contain a SAND domain pfam01342.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1808862635  14 MEEALFQHFMHQKLGIAYAIHKPFPFFEGLLDNSIITKRMYMESLEACRNLIPVSRVVHNILTQLERTFNLSLLVTLFSQ 93
Cdd:pfam03172   1 LEEALFQHFKENKVEIAYAIKKPFPFLEGLRDHSFITEKMYKESLEACRNLVPVQRVVYNVLSELEKTFSLSLLEALFSD 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 1808862635  94 INLREYPNLVTIYRSFKRV 112
Cdd:pfam03172  81 VNLKEYPDLIEILKSFPNV 99

SAND domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1808862635  468 SKLPVTCGEAKGILYKKKMKHGSSVKCIRNEDgTWLTPNEFEVEGKGRNAKNWKRNIRCEGMTLGELLKRK 538
Cdd:smart00258   1 SELPVTCGTVKGILYKKKFKCGISVKCIQYED-KWFTPKEFEIEGGKGKSKDWKRSIRCGGSSLRTLMENG 70

Bromodomain, SP100C_like subfamily. The SP100C protein is a splice variant of SP100, a major component of PML-SP100 nuclear bodies (NBs), which are poorly understood. It is covalently modified by SUMO-1 and may play a role in processes at the chromatin level. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1808862635 574 KRMLWSCTFCRMKRSSGSQQCHHVSKTLERQMQPQD---------------------------------------QLASD 614
Cdd:cd05501     1 PEELLKCEFLLLKVYCMSKSGFFISKPYYIRDYCQGikepmwlnkvkerlnervyhtvegfvrdmrlifhnhklfYKDDD 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 615 FGQVGLDLEAEFEKDLKDVLGF 636
Cdd:cd05501    81 FGQVGITLEKKFEKNFKEVFAI 102

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1808862635  543 CEVC---CQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPP--VEAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:smart00249   2 CSVCgkpDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGPPllEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

HSR domain; The Sp100 protein is a constituent of nuclear domains, also known as nuclear dots (NDs). An ND-targeting region that coincides with a homodimerization domain was mapped in Sp100. Sequences similar to the Sp100 homodimerization/ND-targeting region occur in several other proteins and constitute a novel protein motif, termed HSR domain (for homogeneously-staining region). The HSR domain has also been named ASS (AIRE, Sp-100 and Sp140). This domain is usually found at the amino terminus of proteins that contain a SAND domain pfam01342.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1808862635  14 MEEALFQHFMHQKLGIAYAIHKPFPFFEGLLDNSIITKRMYMESLEACRNLIPVSRVVHNILTQLERTFNLSLLVTLFSQ 93
Cdd:pfam03172   1 LEEALFQHFKENKVEIAYAIKKPFPFLEGLRDHSFITEKMYKESLEACRNLVPVQRVVYNVLSELEKTFSLSLLEALFSD 80

                          90
                  ....*....|....*....
gi 1808862635  94 INLREYPNLVTIYRSFKRV 112
Cdd:pfam03172  81 VNLKEYPDLIEILKSFPNV 99

SAND domain;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1808862635  468 SKLPVTCGEAKGILYKKKMKHGSSVKCIRNEDgTWLTPNEFEVEGKGRNAKNWKRNIRCEGMTLGELLKRK 538
Cdd:smart00258   1 SELPVTCGTVKGILYKKKFKCGISVKCIQYED-KWFTPKEFEIEGGKGKSKDWKRSIRCGGSSLRTLMENG 70

PHD finger found in the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 (TIF1) family and similar proteins; The TIF1 family of transcriptional cofactors includes TIF1alpha (TRIM24), TIF1beta (TRIM28), TIF1gamma (TRIM33), and TIF1delta (TRIM66), which are characterized by an N-terminal RING-finger B-box coiled-coil (RBCC/TRIM) motif and plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region. TIF1 proteins couple chromatin modifications to transcriptional regulation, signaling, and tumor suppression. They exert a deacetylase-dependent silencing effect when tethered to a promoter region. TIF1alpha, TIF1beta, and TIF1delta can homodimerize and contain a PXVXL motif necessary and sufficient for heterochromatin protein 1(HP1) binding. TIF1alpha and TIF1beta bind nuclear receptors and Kruppel-associated boxes (KRAB) specifically and respectively. In contrast, TIF1delta appears to lack nuclear receptor- and KRAB-binding activity. Moreover, TIF1delta is specifically involved in heterochromatin-mediated gene silencing during postmeiotic phases of spermatogenesis. TIF1gamma is structurally closely related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, but has very little functional features in common with them. It does not interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 or the heterochromatinic proteins HP1alpha, beta, and gamma. It cannot bind to nuclear receptors (NRs). This family also includes Sp100/Sp140 family proteins, the nuclear body SP100 and SP140. Sp110 is a leukocyte-specific component of the nuclear body. It may function as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator that may play a role in inducing differentiation of myeloid cells. It is also involved in resisting intracellular pathogens and functions as an important drug target for preventing intracellular pathogen diseases, such as tuberculosis, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, and intracellular cancers. SP140 is an interferon inducible nuclear leukocyte-specific protein involved in primary biliary cirrhosis and a risk factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also implicated in innate immune response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) by binding to the virus viral infectivity factor (Vif) protein. Both Sp110 and Sp140 contain a SAND domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, and a bromodomain (BRD).

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1808862635 542 ECEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEAK-RMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15541     1 WCAVCQNGGELLCCDKCPRVFHLDCHIPPIPEFpSGEWSCSLC 43

Bromodomain, SP100C_like subfamily. The SP100C protein is a splice variant of SP100, a major component of PML-SP100 nuclear bodies (NBs), which are poorly understood. It is covalently modified by SUMO-1 and may play a role in processes at the chromatin level. Bromodomains are 110 amino acid long domains, that are found in many chromatin associated proteins. Bromodomains can interact specifically with acetylated lysine.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1808862635 574 KRMLWSCTFCRMKRSSGSQQCHHVSKTLERQMQPQD---------------------------------------QLASD 614
Cdd:cd05501     1 PEELLKCEFLLLKVYCMSKSGFFISKPYYIRDYCQGikepmwlnkvkerlnervyhtvegfvrdmrlifhnhklfYKDDD 80

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 615 FGQVGLDLEAEFEKDLKDVLGF 636
Cdd:cd05501    81 FGQVGITLEKKFEKNFKEVFAI 102

PHD finger found in transcription intermediary factor 1-alpha (TIF1-alpha); TIF1-alpha, also termed tripartite motif-containing protein 24 (TRIM24), or E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TRIM24, or RING finger protein 82, belongs to the TRIM/RBCC protein family. It interacts specifically and in a ligand-dependent manner with the ligand binding domain (LBD) of several nuclear receptors (NRs), including retinoid X (RXR), retinoic acid (RAR), vitamin D3 (VDR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors. It also associates with heterochromatin-associated factors HP1alpha, MOD1 (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma), as well as vertebrate Kruppel-type (C2H2) zinc finger proteins that contain transcriptional silencing domain KRAB. TIF1-alpha is a ligand-dependent co-repressor of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) that interacts with multiple nuclear receptors in vitro via an LXXLL motif, and further acts as a gatekeeper of liver carcinogenesis. It also functions as an E3-ubiquitin ligase targeting p53 and is broadly associated with chromatin silencing. Moreover, it is a chromatin regulator that recognizes specific, combinatorial histone modifications through its C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD)-Bromodomain (Bromo) region. In addition, it interacts with chromatin and estrogen receptor to activate estrogen-dependent genes associated with cellular proliferation and tumor development. TIF1-alpha contains an N-terminal RBCC (RING finger, B-box zinc-fingers, coiled-coil), a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, followed by a bromodomain in the C-terminal region.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEA-KRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15622     2 CAVCQNGGELLCCEKCPKVFHLSCHVPTLMNfPSGEWICTFC 43

PHD finger 1 found in PHD finger protein 12 (PHF12); PHF12, also termed PHD factor 1 (Pf1), is a plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc finger-containing protein that bridges the transducin-like enhancer of split (TLE) corepressor to the mSin3A-histone deacetylase (HDAC)-complex, and further represses transcription at targeted genes. PHF12 also interacts with MRG15 (mortality factor-related genes on chromosome 15), a member of the mortality factor (MORF) family of proteins implicated in regulating cellular senescence. PHF12 contains two plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers followed by a polybasic region. The PHD fingers function downstream of phosphoinositide signaling triggered by the interaction between polybasic regions and phosphoinositides. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEAKRML---WSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15533     2 CDSCGEGGDLLCCDRCPASFHLQCCNPPLDEEDLPpgeWLCHRC 45

PHD finger 1 found in class II Chromodomain-Helicase-DNA binding (CHD) proteins; Class II CHD proteins includes chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein CHD3, CHD4, and CHD5, which are nuclear and ubiquitously expressed chromatin remodelling ATPases generally associated with histone deacetylases (HDACs). They are involved in DNA Double Strand Break (DSB) signaling, DSB repair and/or p53-dependent pathways such as apoptosis and senescence, as well as in the maintenance of genomic stability, and/or cancer prevention. They function as subunits of the Nucleosome Remodelling and Deacetylase (NuRD) complex, which is generally associated with gene repression, heterochromatin formation, and overall chromatin compaction. In contrast to the class I CHD enzymes (CHD1 and CHD2), class II CHD proteins lack identifiable DNA-binding domains, but possess a C-terminal coiled-coil region. Moreover, in addition to the tandem chromodomains and a helicase domain, they all harbor tandem plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers involved in the recognition of methylated histone tails. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVE-AKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15531     2 CEVCQQGGEIILCDTCPRAYHLVCLDPELEkAPEGKWSCPHC 43

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 21A (PHF21A); PHF21A (also termed BHC80a or BRAF35-HDAC complex protein BHC80) along with HDAC1/2, CtBP1, CoREST, and BRAF35, is associated with LSD1, a lysine (K)-specific histone demethylase. It inhibits LSD1-mediated histone demethylation in vitro. PHF21A is predominantly present in the central nervous system and spermatogenic cells and is one of the six components of BRAF-HDAC complex (BHC) involved in REST-dependent transcriptional repression of neuron-specific genes in non-neuronal cells. It acts as a scaffold protein in BHC in neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells and also plays a role in spermatogenesis. PHF21A contains a C-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger that is responsible for the binding directly to each of five other components of BHC, and of organizing BHC mediating transcriptional repression.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPV-EAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15523     2 CSVCRKSGELLMCDTCSLVYHLDCLDPPLkTIPKGMWICPKC 43

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing (NSD) proteins; The nuclear receptor binding SET domain (NSD) protein is a family of three HMTases, NSD1, NSD2/MMSET/WHSC1, and NSD3/WHSC1L1, that are critical in maintaining chromatin integrity. Reducing NSD activity through specific lysine-HMTase inhibitors appears promising to help suppress cancer growth. NSD proteins have specific mono- and dimethylase activities for H3K36, and they play non-redundant roles during development. NSD1 plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. NSD2 is involved in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and tumor growth, by mediating constitutive NF-kappaB signaling via the cytokine autocrine loop. NSD3 is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD proteins contain a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDC 566
Cdd:cd15567     2 CFICSEGGSLICCESCPASFHPEC 25

PHD finger 1 found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional regulatory protein Rco1 and similar proteins; Rco1 is a component of the Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex that plays an important role at actively transcribed genes. Rco1 contains two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which are required for the methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36) nucleosome recognition by Rpd3S. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEAKRML---WSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15535     2 CSACGGYGSFLCCDGCPRSFHFSCLDPPLEEDNLPddeWFCNEC 45

PHD finger 1 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPP-VEAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15559     2 CRVCHKLGDLLCCETCSAVYHLECVDPPlEEVPEEDWQCEVC 43

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear SET domain-containing protein 3 (NSD3); NSD3, also termed histone-lysine N-methyltransferase NSD3, or protein whistle, or WHSC1-like 1 isoform 9 with methyltransferase activity to lysine, or Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1-like protein 1 (WHSC1-like protein 1, or WHSC1L1), is a lysine methyltransferase encoded by gene NSD3, which is amplified in human breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, translocation resulting in NUP98 fusion to NSD3 leads to the development of acute myeloid leukemia. NSD3 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-prolin motif (PWWP) domains, five plant-homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|.
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHipPVEAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15658     2 CFVCARGGRLLCCESCPASFHPECL--SIEMPEGCWNCNEC 40

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQ----LLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVE--AKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15489     2 CIVCGKGGDlggeLLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPPLSsfVPNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger 4 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1); NSD1, also termed H3 Lysine-36 and H4 Lysine-20 specific histone-lysine N-methyltransferase, or androgen receptor coactivator 267 kDa protein, or androgen receptor-associated protein of 267 kDa, or H3-K36-HMTase H4-K20-HMTase, or Lysine N-methyltransferase 3B (KMT3B), or NR-binding SET domain-containing protein, is a lysine methyltransferase that preferentially methylates H3 on Lysine36 (H3-K36) and H4 on Lysine20 (H4-K20), which is primarily associated with active transcription. It plays a role in several pathologies, including but not limited to Sotos and Weaver syndromes, acute myeloid leukemia, breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and glioblastoma formation. It can alter transcription by interacting with the protein NSD1-interacting zinc finger protein 1 (NIZP1). It also mitigates caspase-1 activation by listeriolysin o (LLO) in macrophages, and requires functional LLO for the regulation of IL-1beta secretion. Moreover, NSD1 regulates RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) recruitment to bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). NSD1 contains a catalytic suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste and trithorax (SET) domain, two proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domains, five plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, and an NSD-specific Cys-His rich domain (Cys5HisCysHis). The SET domain is responsible for histone methyltransferase activity. The PWWP and PHD fingers are involved in protein-protein interactions. This model corresponds to the fourth PHD finger.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDC 566
Cdd:cd15656     2 CFVCSEGGSLLCCESCPAAFHREC 25

PHD finger 2 found in monocytic leukemia zinc-finger protein (MOZ) and its factor (MORF); MOZ, also termed histone acetyltransferase KAT6A, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 3 (MYST-3), or runt-related transcription factor-binding protein 2, or zinc finger protein 220, is a MYST-type histone acetyltransferase (HAT) that functions as a coactivator for acute myeloid leukemia 1 protein (AML1)- and p53-dependent transcription. It possesses intrinsic HAT activity to acetylate both itself and lysine (K) residues on histone H2B, histone H3 (K14) and histone H4 (K5, K8, K12 and K16) in vitro and H3K9 in vivo. MOZ-related factor (MORF), also termed MOZ2, or histone acetyltransferase KAT6B, or MOZ, YBF2/SAS3, SAS2 and TIP60 protein 4 (MYST4), is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional regulator with intrinsic HAT activity. It can interact with the Runt-domain transcription factor Runx2 and form a tetrameric complex with BRPFs, ING5, and EAF6. Both MOZ and MORF are catalytic subunits of HAT complexes that are required for normal developmental programs, such as hematopoiesis, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis, and are also implicated in human leukemias. MOZ is also the catalytic subunit of a tetrameric inhibitor of growth 5 (ING5) complex, which specifically acetylates nucleosomal histone H3K14. Moreover, MOZ and MORF are involved in regulating transcriptional activation mediated by Runx2 (or Cbfa1), a Runt-domain transcription factor known to play important roles in T cell lymphomagenesis and bone development, and its homologs. MOZ contains a linker histone 1 and histone 5 domains and two plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. In contrast, MORF contains an N-terminal region containing two PHD fingers, a putative HAT domain, an acidic region, and a C-terminal Ser/Met-rich domain. The family corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQ---LLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPVEAKRML-WSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15527     2 CSVCQDSGNadnLLFCDACDKGFHMECHDPPLTRMPKGkWVCQIC 46

PHD finger found in protein kinase C-binding protein 1 (PRKCBP1); PRKCBP1, also termed cutaneous T-cell lymphoma-associated antigen se14-3 (CTCL-associated antigen se14-3), or Rack7, or zinc finger MYND domain-containing protein 8 (ZMYND8), is a novel receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK)-like protein that may play an important role in the activation and regulation of PKC-beta I, and the PKC signaling cascade. It also has been identified as a formin homology-2-domain containing protein 1 (FHOD1)-binding protein that may be involved in FHOD1-regulated actin polymerization and transcription. Moreover, PRKCBP1 may function as a REST co-repressor 2 (RCOR2) interacting factor; the RCOR2/ZMYND8 complex which might be involved in the regulation of neural differentiation. PRKCBP1 contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a bromodomain, and a proline-tryptophan-tryptophan-proline (PWWP) domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDChippVEAKRML---WSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15538     2 CWRCHKEGQVLCCSLCPRVYHKKC----LKLTSEPdedWVCPEC 41

PHD finger 1 found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe Lid2 complex component Lid2p and similar proteins; Lid2p is a trimethyl H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase responsible for H3K4 hypomethylation in heterochromatin. It interacts with the histone lysine-9 methyltransferase, Clr4, through the Dos1/Clr8-Rik1 complex, and mediates H3K9 methylation and small RNA production. It also acts cooperatively with the histone modification enzymes Set1 and Lsd1 and plays an essential role in cross-talk between H3K4 and H3K9 methylation in euchromatin. Lid2p contains a JmjC domain, three PHD fingers and a JmjN domain. This model corresponds to the first PHD finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQG---GQLLCCGTCPRVFHEDCHIPPV-EAKRMLWSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd15519     2 CEVCGLDdneGEVLLCDGCDAEYHTSCLDPPLgEIPPGTWFCPSC 46

ATRX, Dnmt3 and Dnmt3l PHD-like zinc finger domain (ADDz); The ADDz zinc finger domain is present in the chromatin-associated proteins cytosine-5-methyltransferase 3 (Dnmt3) and ATRX, a SNF2 type transcription factor protein. The Dnmt3 family includes two active DNA methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and -3b, and one regulatory factor Dnmt3l. DNA methylation is an important epigenetic mechanism involved in diverse biological processes such as embryonic development, gene expression, and genomic imprinting. The ADDz domain is a PHD-like zinc finger motif that contains two parts, a C2-C2 and a PHD-like zinc finger. PHD zinc finger domains have been identified in more than 40 proteins that are mainly involved in chromatin mediated transcriptional control; the classical PHD zinc finger has a C4-H-C3 motif that spans about 50-80 amino acids. In ADDz, the conserved histidine residue of the PHD finger is replaced by a cysteine, and an additional zinc finger C2-C2 like motif is located about twenty residues upstream of the C4-C-C3 motif.

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gi 1808862635 543 CEVCCQGGQLLCCGT--CPRVFHEDC---HIPPVEAKRML----WSCTFC 583
Cdd:cd11672    48 CRICCEGGNLLCCGNnfCHRCFCKECvdrLVGPGELSTMDennqWYCYIC 97