C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone; The members of this CD are named after the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone. All members here contain a single C2 repeat. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   5 LKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAND 84
Cdd:cd08688    1 LKVRVVAARDLPVMDRSSDLTDAFVEVKFGSTTYKTDVVKKSLNPVWNSEWFRFEVDDEELQDEPLQIRVMDHDTYSAND 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673  85 AIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEAATVISGWFPIYDT 114
Cdd:cd08688   81 AIGKVYIDLNPLLLKDSVSQISGWFPIYDT 110

C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone; The members of this CD are named after the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone. All members here contain a single C2 repeat. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   5 LKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAND 84
Cdd:cd08688    1 LKVRVVAARDLPVMDRSSDLTDAFVEVKFGSTTYKTDVVKKSLNPVWNSEWFRFEVDDEELQDEPLQIRVMDHDTYSAND 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673  85 AIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEAATVISGWFPIYDT 114
Cdd:cd08688   81 AIGKVYIDLNPLLLKDSVSQISGWFPIYDT 110

Protein kinase C conserved region 2 (CalB); Ca2+-binding motif present in phospholipases, protein kinases C, and synaptotagmins (among others). Some do not appear to contain Ca2+-binding sites. Particular C2s appear to bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Unusual occurrence in perforin. Synaptotagmin and PLC C2s are permuted in sequence with respect to N- and C-terminal beta strands. SMART detects C2 domains using one or both of two profiles.

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673     4 KLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRaSDLTDAFVEVKFGN---TTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEwFKFEVDDEDLQDepLQITVLDHDTY 80
Cdd:smart00239   1 TLTVKIISARNLPPKDK-GGKSDPYVKVSLDGdpkEKKKTKVVKNTLNPVWNET-FEFEVPPPELAE--LEIEVYDKDRF 76

                           90
                   ....*....|....*..
gi 564349673    81 SANDAIGKVYIDIDPLL 97
Cdd:smart00239  77 GRDDFIGQVTIPLSDLL 93

C2 domain found in the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone; The members of this CD are named after the Human KIAA0528 cDNA clone. All members here contain a single C2 repeat. No other information on this protein is currently known. The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   5 LKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAND 84
Cdd:cd08688    1 LKVRVVAARDLPVMDRSSDLTDAFVEVKFGSTTYKTDVVKKSLNPVWNSEWFRFEVDDEELQDEPLQIRVMDHDTYSAND 80

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673  85 AIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEAATVISGWFPIYDT 114
Cdd:cd08688   81 AIGKVYIDLNPLLLKDSVSQISGWFPIYDT 110

C2 domain; The C2 domain was first identified in PKC. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   5 LKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRaSDLTDAFVEVKFGNT-TFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDepLQITVLDHDTYSAN 83
Cdd:cd00030    1 LRVTVIEARNLPAKDL-NGKSDPYVKVSLGGKqKFKTKVVKNTLNPVWN-ETFEFPVLDPESDT--LTVEVWDKDRFSKD 76

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564349673  84 DAIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEaaTVISGWFPI 111
Cdd:cd00030   77 DFLGEVEIPLSELLDSG--KEGELWLPL 102

C2 domain present in Arf GTPase Activating Proteins (GAP); ArfGAP is a GTPase activating protein which regulates the ADP ribosylation factor Arf, a member of the Ras superfamily of GTP-binding proteins. The GTP-bound form of Arf is involved in Golgi morphology and is involved in recruiting coat proteins. ArfGAP is responsible for the GDP-bound form of Arf which is necessary for uncoating the membrane and allowing the Golgi to fuse with an acceptor compartment. These proteins contain an N-terminal ArfGAP domain containing the characteristic zinc finger motif (Cys-x2-Cys-x(16,17)-x2-Cys) and C-terminal C2 domain. C2 domains were first identified in Protein Kinase C (PKC). C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   2 PGKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASdlTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEwFKFEVDDEDLqdePLQITVLDHDTYS 81
Cdd:cd04038    1 LGLLKVRVVRGTNLAVRDFTS--SDPYVVLTLGNQKVKTRVIKKNLNPVWNEE-LTLSVPNPMA---PLKLEVFDKDTFS 74

                         90       100
                 ....*....|....*....|.
gi 564349673  82 ANDAIGKVYIDIDPLLysEAA 102
Cdd:cd04038   75 KDDSMGEAEIDLEPLV--EAA 93

C2 domain in Protein Kinase C (PKC) alpha and gamma; A single C2 domain is found in PKC alpha and gamma. The PKC family of serine/threonine kinases regulates apoptosis, proliferation, migration, motility, chemo-resistance, and differentiation. There are 3 groups: group 1(alpha, betaI, beta II, gamma) which require phospholipids and calcium, group 2 (delta, epsilon, theta, eta) which do not require calcium for activation, and group 3 (xi, iota/lambda) which are atypical and can be activated in the absence of diacylglycerol and calcium. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. Members here have a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKF-----GNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLqDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd04026   13 NKLTVEVREAKNLIPMD-PNGLSDPYVKLKLipdpkNETKQKTKTIKKTLNPVWN-ETFTFDLKPADK-DRRLSIEVWDW 89

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEaatvISGWF 109
Cdd:cd04026   90 DRTTRNDFMGSLSFGVSELIKMP----VDGWY 117

C2 domain second repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. MCTP is composed of a variable N-terminal sequence, three C2 domains, two transmembrane regions (TMRs), and a short C-terminal sequence. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673  10 VAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWnSEWFKFEVDDEdlQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSANDAIGKV 89
Cdd:cd08376    7 VEGKNLPPMD-DNGLSDPYVKFRLGNEKYKSKVCSKTLNPQW-LEQFDLHLFDD--QSQILEIEVWDKDTGKKDEFIGRC 82

                 ....*..
gi 564349673  90 YIDIDPL 96
Cdd:cd08376   83 EIDLSAL 89

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 1; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 1, a member of the class 1 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain and endocranium and localized to the synaptic vesicles and secretory granules. It functions as a Ca2+ sensor for fast exocytosis. It, like synaptotagmin-2, has an N-glycosylated N-terminus. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKF--GNTTF---KTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd08402   15 GKLTVVILEAKNLKKMD-VGGLSDPYVKIHLmqNGKRLkkkKTTIKKRTLNPYYN-ESFSFEVPFEQIQKVHLIVTVLDY 92

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd08402   93 DRIGKNDPIGKVVL 106

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 7; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 7, a member of class 2 synaptotagmins, is located in presynaptic plasma membranes in neurons, dense-core vesicles in endocrine cells, and lysosomes in fibroblasts. It has been shown to play a role in regulation of Ca2+-dependent lysosomal exocytosis in fibroblasts and may also function as a vesicular Ca2+-sensor. It is distinguished from the other synaptotagmins by having over 12 splice forms. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   1 MPGKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEV--KFGNTTF---KTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVL 75
Cdd:cd08405   13 TANRITVNIIKARNLKAMD-INGTSDPYVKVwlMYKDKRVekkKTVIKKRTLNPVFN-ESFIFNIPLERLRETTLIITVM 90

                         90
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 564349673  76 DHDTYSANDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd08405   91 DKDRLSRNDLIGKIYL 106

C2 domain present in Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase (PSD); PSD is involved in the biosynthesis of aminophospholipid by converting phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) to phosphatidylethanolamine (PtdEtn). There is a single C2 domain present and it is thought to confer PtdSer binding motif that is common to PKC and synaptotagmin. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   7 VKIVAGRHLPV---MDRASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDlQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAN 83
Cdd:cd04039    5 MEIKSITDLPPlknMTRTGFDMDPFVIISFGRRVFRTSWRRHTLNPVFN-ERLAFEVYPHE-KNFDIQFKVLDKDKFSFN 82

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 564349673  84 DAIGKVYIDIDPLL 97
Cdd:cd04039   83 DYVATGSLSVQELL 96

C2 domain fourth repeat present in Tricalbin-like proteins; 5 to 6 copies of the C2 domain are present in Tricalbin, a yeast homolog of Synaptotagmin, which is involved in membrane trafficking and sorting. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   5 LKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRaSDLTDAFVEVKF-GNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVddEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAN 83
Cdd:cd04040    1 LTVDVISAENLPSADR-NGKSDPFVKFYLnGEKVFKTKTIKKTLNPVWN-ESFEVPV--PSRVRAVLKVEVYDWDRGGKD 76

                         90
                 ....*....|....*
gi 564349673  84 DAIGKVYID---IDP 95
Cdd:cd04040   77 DLLGSAYIDlsdLEP 91

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins 1-4; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin promote dense-core vesicle exocytosis. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASDLtDAFVEV-----KFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFE-VDDEDLQDEPLQITVLD 76
Cdd:cd04020   27 GELHVWVKEAKNLPALKSGGTS-DSFVKCyllpdKSKKSKQKTPVVKKSVNPVWN-HTFVYDgVSPEDLSQACLELTVWD 104

                         90
                 ....*....|...
gi 564349673  77 HDTYSANDAIGKV 89
Cdd:cd04020  105 HDKLSSNDFLGGV 117

C2 domain present in Intersectin; A single instance of the C2 domain is located C terminally in the intersectin protein. Intersectin functions as a scaffolding protein, providing a link between the actin cytoskeleton and the components of endocytosis and plays a role in signal transduction. In addition to C2, intersectin contains several additional domains including: Eps15 homology domains, SH3 domains, a RhoGEF domain, and a PH domain. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. The members here have topology I.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLpVMDRASDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEwFKFEVddEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSA 82
Cdd:cd08375   15 GRLMVVIVEGRDL-KPCNSNGKSDPYCEVSMGSQEHKTKVVSDTLNPKWNSS-MQFFV--KDLEQDVLCITVFDRDFFSP 90

                 ....*....
gi 564349673  83 NDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd08375   91 DDFLGRTEI 99

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. There are several classes of Synaptotagmins. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRaSDLTDAFVEVKFGNT-----TFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd00276   14 ERLTVVVLKARNLPPSDG-KGLSDPYVKVSLLQGgkklkKKKTSVKKGTLNPVFN-EAFSFDVPAEQLEEVSLVITVVDK 91

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd00276   92 DSVGRNEVIGQVVL 105

C2 domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; All Slp members basically share an N-terminal Slp homology domain (SHD) and C-terminal tandem C2 domains (named the C2A domain and the C2B domain) with the SHD and C2 domains being separated by a linker sequence of various length. Slp1/JFC1 and Slp2/exophilin 4 promote granule docking to the plasma membrane. Additionally, their C2A domains are both Ca2+ independent, unlike the case in Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin in which their C2A domains are Ca2+ dependent. It is thought that SHD (except for the Slp4-SHD) functions as a specific Rab27A/B-binding domain. In addition to Slps, rabphilin, Noc2, and Munc13-4 also function as Rab27-binding proteins. It has been demonstrated that Slp3 and Slp4/granuphilin promote dense-core vesicle exocytosis. Slp5 mRNA has been shown to be restricted to human placenta and liver suggesting a role in Rab27A-dependent membrane trafficking in specific tissues. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASDLTDAFVEV-----KFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd08521   14 GSLEVHIKECRNLAYADEKKKRSNPYVKVyllpdKSKQSKRKTSVKKNTTNPVFN-ETLKYHISKSQLETRTLQLSVWHH 92

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYIdidPLLYSEAATVISGWFP 110
Cdd:cd08521   93 DRFGRNTFLGEVEI---PLDSWDLDSQQSEWYP 122

C2 domain first and third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains either the first or third repeat in Synaptotagmin-like proteins with a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673  26 DAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDepLQITVLDHDTySANDAIGKVYIDIDpllYSEAATVI 105
Cdd:cd08391   29 DPYVIVRVGAQTFKSKVIKENLNPKWN-EVYEAVVDEVPGQE--LEIELFDEDP-DKDDFLGRLSIDLG---SVEKKGFI 101

                         90
                 ....*....|..
gi 564349673 106 SGWFPIYDTIHG 117
Cdd:cd08391  102 DEWLPLEDVKSG 113

C2 domain third repeat found in Multiple C2 domain and Transmembrane region Proteins (MCTP); MCTPs are involved in Ca2+ signaling at the membrane. The cds in this family contain multiple C2 domains as well as a C-terminal PRT domain. It is one of four protein classes that are anchored to membranes via a transmembrane region; the others being synaptotagmins, extended synaptotagmins, and ferlins. MCTPs are the only membrane-bound C2 domain proteins that contain two functional TMRs. MCTPs are unique in that they bind Ca2+ but not phospholipids. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRaSDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVddEDLQDePLQITVLDHDTYSA 82
Cdd:cd08377    1 GFLQVKVIRASGLAAADI-GGKSDPFCVLELVNARLQTHTIYKTLNPEWN-KIFTFPI--KDIHD-VLEVTVYDEDKDKK 75

                         90
                 ....*....|....*
gi 564349673  83 NDAIGKVYIdidPLL 97
Cdd:cd08377   76 PEFLGKVAI---PLL 87

C2 domain second repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the third C2 repeat, C2C, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   4 KLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKF-------GNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEP--LQITV 74
Cdd:cd04009   17 SLRVEILNARNLLPLD-SNGSSDPFVKVELlprhlfpDVPTPKTQVKKKTLFPLFD-ESFEFNVPPEQCSVEGalLLFTV 94

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564349673  75 LDHDTYSANDAIGKVYI---DIDPLLYSEAATVIS 106
Cdd:cd04009   95 KDYDLLGSNDFEGEAFLplnDIPGVEDTSSAQGFG 129

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 4; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 4, a member of class 4 synaptotagmins, is located in the brain. It functions are unknown. It, like synaptotagmin-11, has an Asp to Ser substitution in its C2A domain. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEV-----KFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd08404   15 NRLTVVVLKARHLPKMD-VSGLADPYVKVnlyygKKRISKKKTHVKKCTLNPVFN-ESFVFDIPSEELEDISVEFLVLDS 92

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd08404   93 DRVTKNEVIGRLVL 106

C2 domain fifth repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins: Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin (Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin), and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1). Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, though there is a new study that disputes this and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E. In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1) there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the fifth C2 repeat, C2E, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   7 VKIVAGRHLPVMDRASdLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKT-DVYL-KSLNPqwnseWF--KFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSA 82
Cdd:cd04037    4 VYVVRARNLQPKDPNG-KSDPYLKIKLGKKKINDrDNYIpNTLNP-----VFgkMFELEATLPGNSILKISVMDYDLLGS 77

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 564349673  83 NDAIGKVYIDI 93
Cdd:cd04037   78 DDLIGETVIDL 88

C2 domain second repeat present in Synaptotagmin 17; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Synaptotagmin 17 is located in the brain, kidney, and prostate and is thought to be a peripheral membrane protein. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKFGN-----TTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDH 77
Cdd:cd08410   14 GRLNVDIIRAKQLLQTD-MSQGSDPFVKIQLVHglkliKTKKTSCMRGTIDPFYN-ESFSFKVPQEELENVSLVFTVYGH 91

                         90
                 ....*....|....
gi 564349673  78 DTYSANDAIGKVYI 91
Cdd:cd08410   92 NVKSSNDFIGRIVI 105

Ca2+-dependent lipid-binding protein, contains C2 domain [General function prediction only];

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673    3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDRASdLTDAFVEVKFGNTT-FKTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEwFKFEVDDEDLqdEPLQITVLDHDTYS 81
Cdd:COG5038  1040 GYLTIMLRSGENLPSSDENG-YSDPFVKLFLNEKSvYKTKVVKKTLNPVWNEE-FTIEVLNRVK--DVLTINVNDWDSGE 1115

                          90
                  ....*....|....*.
gi 564349673   82 ANDAIGKVYIDIDPLL 97
Cdd:COG5038  1116 KNDLLGTAEIDLSKLE 1131

C2A domain first repeat present in Synaptotagmin 8; Synaptotagmin is a membrane-trafficking protein characterized by a N-terminal transmembrane region, a linker, and 2 C-terminal C2 domains. Previously all synaptotagmins were thought to be calcium sensors in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and hormone secretion, but it has been shown that not all of them bind calcium. Of the 17 identified synaptotagmins only 8 bind calcium (1-3, 5-7, 9, 10). The function of the two C2 domains that bind calcium are: regulating the fusion step of synaptic vesicle exocytosis (C2A) and binding to phosphatidyl-inositol-3,4,5-triphosphate (PIP3) in the absence of calcium ions and to phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2) in their presence (C2B). C2B also regulates also the recycling step of synaptic vesicles. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the first C2 repeat, C2A, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   3 GKLKVKIVAGRHLPVMDrASDLTDAFVEVKF---GNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDT 79
Cdd:cd08387   16 GILNVKLIQARNLQPRD-FSGTADPYCKVRLlpdRSNTKQSKIHKKTLNPEFD-ESFVFEVPPQELPKRTLEVLLYDFDQ 93

                         90       100       110
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564349673  80 YSANDAIGKVYIDIDPLLYSEAATVisgWFPI 111
Cdd:cd08387   94 FSRDECIGVVELPLAEVDLSEKLDL---WRKI 122

C2 domain second repeat present in class II phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks); There are 3 classes of PI3Ks based on structure, regulation, and specificity. All classes contain a N-terminal C2 domain, a PIK domain, and a kinase catalytic domain. Unlike class I and class III, class II PI3Ks have additionally a PX domain and a C-terminal C2 domain containing a nuclear localization signal both of which bind phospholipids though in a slightly different fashion. PI3Ks (AKA phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinases) regulate cell processes such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and motility. PI3Ks work on phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositide (4)P (PtdIns (4)P),2 or PtdIns(4,5)P2. Specifically they phosphorylate the D3 hydroxyl group of phosphoinositol lipids on the inositol ring. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-I topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564349673  39 KTDVYLKSLNPQWNSEWFKFEVDDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSANDAIGKVYIdidPLLYSEAATVISGWFPIY 112
Cdd:cd08381   52 KTKVVRKTRNPTFNEMLVYDGLPVEDLQQRVLQVSVWSHDSLVENEFLGGVCI---PLKKLDLSQETEKWYPLG 122

C2 domain second repeat in Ferlin; Ferlins are involved in vesicle fusion events. Ferlins and other proteins, such as Synaptotagmins, are implicated in facilitating the fusion process when cell membranes fuse together. There are six known human Ferlins: Dysferlin (Fer1L1), Otoferlin (Fer1L2), Myoferlin (Fer1L3), Fer1L4, Fer1L5, and Fer1L6. Defects in these genes can lead to a wide range of diseases including muscular dystrophy (dysferlin), deafness (otoferlin), and infertility (fer-1, fertilization factor-1). Structurally they have 6 tandem C2 domains, designated as (C2A-C2F) and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain, though there is a new study that disputes this and claims that there are actually 7 tandem C2 domains with another C2 domain inserted between C2D and C2E. In a subset of them (Dysferlin, Myoferlin, and Fer1) there is an additional conserved domain called DysF. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564349673   7 VKIVAGRHLPvmdraSDLTDAFVEVKFGNTTFKTDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEV--DDEDLQDEPLQITVLDHDTYSAND 84
Cdd:cd04011    8 VRVIEARQLV-----GGNIDPVVKVEVGGQKKYTSVKKGTNCPFYN-EYFFFNFheSPDELFDKIIKISVYDSRSLRSDT 81

                         90
                 ....*....|....*.
gi 564349673  85 AIGKVYIDIdPLLYSE 100
Cdd:cd04011   82 LIGSFKLDV-GTVYDQ 96

C2 domain first repeat in Munc13 (mammalian uncoordinated)-like proteins; C2-like domains are thought to be involved in phospholipid binding in a Ca2+ independent manner in both Unc13 and Munc13. Caenorabditis elegans Unc13 has a central domain with sequence similarity to PKC, which includes C1 and C2-related domains. Unc13 binds phorbol esters and DAG with high affinity in a phospholipid manner. Mutations in Unc13 results in abnormal neuronal connections and impairment in cholinergic neurotransmission in the nematode. Munc13 is the mammalian homolog which are expressed in the brain. There are 3 isoforms (Munc13-1, -2, -3) and are thought to play a role in neurotransmitter release and are hypothesized to be high-affinity receptors for phorbol esters. Unc13 and Munc13 contain both C1 and C2 domains. There are two C2 related domains present, one central and one at the carboxyl end. Munc13-1 contains a third C2-like domain. Munc13 interacts with syntaxin, synaptobrevin, and synaptotagmin suggesting a role for these as scaffolding proteins. C2 domains fold into an 8-standed beta-sandwich that can adopt 2 structural arrangements: Type I and Type II, distinguished by a circular permutation involving their N- and C-terminal beta strands. Many C2 domains are Ca2+-dependent membrane-targeting modules that bind a wide variety of substances including bind phospholipids, inositol polyphosphates, and intracellular proteins. Most C2 domain proteins are either signal transduction enzymes that contain a single C2 domain, such as protein kinase C, or membrane trafficking proteins which contain at least two C2 domains, such as synaptotagmin 1. However, there are a few exceptions to this including RIM isoforms and some splice variants of piccolo/aczonin and intersectin which only have a single C2 domain. C2 domains with a calcium binding region have negatively charged residues, primarily aspartates, that serve as ligands for calcium ions. This cd contains the second C2 repeat, C2B, and has a type-II topology.

                         10        20        30        40        50
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564349673  40 TDVYLKSLNPQWNsEWFKFEVDDEdlQDEPLQITVLDHDtysaNDAIGKVYIDI 93
Cdd:cd08676   93 TEVKPQTLNPVWN-ETFRFEVEDV--SNDQLHLDIWDHD----DDFLGCVNIPL 139