DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 265 RCAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRT 338
Cdd:cd06969    2 LCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVRT 75

DNA-binding domain of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B; DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the orphan nuclear receptor, nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NGFI-B interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B is a member of the nuclear-steroid receptor superfamily. NGFI-B is classified as an orphan receptor because no ligand has yet been identified. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of transcriptional initiation. NGFI-B binds to the NGFI-B response element (NBRE) 5'-(A/T)AAAGGTCA as a monomer. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, NGFI-B has a central well-conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 265 RCAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRT 338
Cdd:cd06969    2 LCAVCGDNAACQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKNAKYVCLANKNCPVDKRRRNRCQYCRFQKCLQVGMVKEVVRT 75

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564361899   266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKE 334
Cdd:smart00399   2 CCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDPE 70

Ligand-binding domain of nuclear hormone receptor; This all helical domain is involved in binding the hormone in these receptors.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899  401 DVQQFYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHR--------- 471
Cdd:pfam00104  12 TKEELCELWERDLLLVAEWAKHFPEFQELPLEDQMALLKSFWLEWLRLEKAARSAKLRRKKILGEDVLMISdddamkfve 91

                          90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899  472 ----------LQCARGFGD-WIDNILAFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSALVLITDR-HGLQDP--RRVEELQNRIASCLKEH 537
Cdd:pfam00104  92 ddsswctnydLEQLLFFLPfFNSYFFELVKPLRELNPDDEELAYLLAQLLFDYAgDGLSGEilEIVEKLQEKLANELHDY 171

                         170       180
                  ....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 564361899  538 MAAvagdpQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRTLC 565
Cdd:pfam00104 172 YVN-----KYSGRLAKLLKILPSLRKIS 194

The ligand binding domain of Nurr1 and related nuclear receptor proteins, members of nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptor Nurr1_like: This family of nuclear receptors, including Nurr1, Nerve growth factor-induced-B (NGFI-B) and DHR38 are involved in the embryo development. Nurr1 is a transcription factor that is expressed in the embryonic ventral midbrain and is critical for the development of dopamine (DA) neurons. Structural studies have shown that the ligand binding pocket of Nurr1 is filled by bulky hydrophobic residues, making it unable to bind to ligands. Therefore, it belongs to the class of orphan receptors. However, Nurr1 forms heterodimers with RXR and can promote signaling via its partner, RXR. NGFI-B is an early immediate gene product of embryo development that is rapidly produced in response to a variety of cellular signals including nerve growth factor. It is involved in T-cell-mediated apoptosis, as well as neuronal differentiation and function. NGFI-B regulates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target upstream of its target genes and regulating the rate of tr anscriptional initiation. Another group of receptor in this family is DHR38. DHR38 is the Drosophila homolog to the vertebrate NGFI-B-type orphan receptor. It interacts with the USP component of the ecdysone receptor complex, suggesting that DHR38 might modulate ecdysone-triggered signals in the fly, in addition to the ECR/USP pathway. Nurr1_like proteins exhibit a modular structure that is characteristic for nuclear receptors; they have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 360 PTNLLTSLIRAHLDSGPNTAKLDYSKFQELVLPRFGKEDAGDVQQFYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLE 439
Cdd:cd06945    1 PVSLITALVRAHVDSTPRKTDLDYSKIQENVDPVPPKPDSQQVQQFYDLLTGSVDVIRQWAEKIPGFKDLHREDQDLLLE 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 440 SAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQCARGFGDWIDNILAFSRSLHS-LGVDVPAFACLSALVLITDRHGLQ 518
Cdd:cd06945   81 SAFLELFVLRLAYRSNPVDGKLVFCNGLVLHRLQCVRGFGEWLDSILAFSSSLQSlLLDDISAFCCLALLLLITERHGLK 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564361899 519 DPRRVEELQNRIASCLKEHMAAVAGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRTLCTQGLQRIFCLKLEDLVPPPPIVDKIFMDTLSF 597
Cdd:cd06945  161 EPKKVEELQNKIISCLRDHVTSNYPGQDKPNRLSKLLLKLPELRTLSKKGLQRIFFLKLEDLLPPPPLIDKRFLDTLPF 239

Ligand binding domain of DHR38_like proteins, members of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain of nuclear receptor DHR38_like proteins: DHR38 is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily in Drosophila. DHR38 interacts with the USP component of the ecdysone receptor complex, suggesting that DHR38 might modulate ecdysone-triggered signals in the fly, in addition to the ECR/USP pathway. At least four differentially expressed mRNA isoforms have been detected during development. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, DHR38 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 359 SPTNLLTSLIRAHLDSGPNTAKLDYSKFQELVLPRFGKEDAGDVQQFYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLL 438
Cdd:cd07072    1 PPVSLITALVRAHVDTSPDFANLDYSQYREPSPLEPPMSEAEKVQQFYSLLTSSIDVIKTFAEKIPGFPDLCKEDQELLF 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 439 ESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQCARGFGDWIDNILAFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSALVLITDRHGLQ 518
Cdd:cd07072   81 QSASLELFVLRLAYRTAPEDTKLTFCNGVVLHKQQCQRSFGDWLHAILEFSKSLHAMDIDISAFACLCALTLITERHGLK 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564361899 519 DPRRVEELQNRIASCLKEHMAAVAGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRTLCTQGLQRIFCLKLEDLVPPPPIVDKIFMDTLSF 597
Cdd:cd07072  161 EPHKVEQLQMKIISSLRDHVTYNAEAQKKPHYFSRLLGKLPELRSLSVQGLQRIFYLKLEDLVPAPPLIENMFVASLPF 239

DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of nuclear receptors is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. It interacts with a specific DNA site upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Nuclear receptors form a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription regulators, which regulate various physiological functions, from development, reproduction, to homeostasis and metabolism in animals (metazoans). The family contains not only receptors for known ligands but also orphan receptors for which ligands do not exist or have not been identified. NRs share a common structural organization with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). Most nuclear receptors bind as homodimers or heterodimers to their target sites, which consist of two hexameric half-sites. Specificity is determined by the half-site sequence, the relative orientation of the half-sites and the number of spacer nucleotides between the half-sites. However, a growing number of nuclear receptors have been reported to bind to DNA as monomers.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVR 337
Cdd:cd06916    1 CAVCGDKASGYHYGVLTCEGCKGFFRRSVRRNLEYTCPAGGNCVIDKRNRNRCQACRLKKCLAVGMRKEAVR 72

DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TR interacts with the thyroid response element, which is a DNA site with direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pairs, upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) mediates the actions of thyroid hormones, which play critical roles in growth, development, and homeostasis in mammals. They regulate overall metabolic rate, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart rate, and affect mood. TRs are expressed from two separate genes (alpha and beta) in human and each gene generates two isoforms of the receptor through differential promoter usage or splicing. TRalpha functions in the heart to regulate heart rate and rhythm and TRbeta is active in the liver and other tissues. The unliganded TRs function as transcription repressors, by binding to thyroid hormone response elements (TRE) predominantly as homodimers, or as heterodimers with retinoid X-receptors (RXR), and being associated with a complex of proteins containing corepressor proteins. Ligand binding promotes corepressor dissociation and binding of a coactivator to activate transcription. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTDSLKGRR 345
Cdd:cd06961    2 CVVCGDKATGYHYRCITCEGCKGFFRRTVQKKLSYSCKGEGKCEIDKVTRNQCQECRFKKCIAVGMAKDLVLDDRKRGAK 81

                 ...
gi 564361899 346 GRL 348
Cdd:cd06961   82 RKL 84

The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of Lrh-1 like nuclear receptor family like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This nuclear receptor family includes at least three subgroups of receptors that function in embryo development and differentiation, and other processes. FTZ-F1 interacts with the cis-acting DNA motif of ftz gene, which is required at several stages of development. Particularly, FTZ-F1 regulated genes are strongly linked to steroid biosynthesis and sex-determination; LRH-1 is a regulator of bile-acid homeostasis, steroidogenesis, reverse cholesterol transport and the initial stages of embryonic development; SF-1 is an essential regulator of endocrine development and function and is considered a master regulator of reproduction; SF-1 functions cooperatively with other transcription factors to modulate gene expression. Phospholipids have been identified as potential ligand for LRH-1 and steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1). However, the ligand for FTZ-F1 has not yet been identified. Most nuclear receptors function as homodimer or heterodimers. However, LRH-1 and SF-1 bind to DNA as monomers. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, receptors in this family have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTDSLKGRR 345
Cdd:cd07167    1 CPVCGDKVSGYHYGLLTCESCKGFFKRTVQNKKRYTCIENQNCQIDKTQRKRCPYCRFQKCLSVGMKLEAVRADRMRGGR 80

                         90
                 ....*....|
gi 564361899 346 GRLPSKPKQP 355
Cdd:cd07167   81 NKFGPMYKRD 90

c4 zinc finger in nuclear hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564361899   266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKE 334
Cdd:smart00399   2 CCVCGDHASGFHFGVCSCRACKAFFRRTVNLRYKYRCDRKNNCSINKRYRCRCRACRLKKCLGVGMDPE 70

DNA-binding domain of heptocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. HNF4 interacts with a DNA site, composed of two direct repeats of AGTTCA with 1 bp spacer, which is upstream of target genes and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. HNF4 is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. HNF4 plays a key role in establishing and maintenance of hepatocyte differentiation in the liver. It is also expressed in gut, kidney, and pancreatic beta cells. HNF4 was originally classified as an orphan receptor, but later it is found that HNF4 binds with very high affinity to a variety of fatty acids. However, unlike other nuclear receptors, the ligands do not act as a molecular switch for HNF4. They seem to constantly bind to the receptor, which is constitutively active as a transcription activator. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, HNF4 has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTD 339
Cdd:cd06960    1 CAVCGDRATGKHYGVLSCNGCKGFFRRSVRKNRTYTCRFGGNCVVDKDKRNACRYCRFKKCLEVGMDPEAVQNE 74

DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of retinoic acid receptor (RAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. RAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both natural dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RAR function as a heterodimer with retinoic X receptor by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs), which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair and found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTDSLKGR 344
Cdd:cd06964    7 CFVCQDKSSGYHYGVSACEGCKGFFRRSIQKNMVYTCHRDKNCIINKVTRNRCQYCRLQKCFEVGMSKESVRNDRNKKK 85

The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoic acid receptor (RAR), a members of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of retinoic acid receptor (RAR): Retinoic acid receptors are members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-regulated transcription factors. RARs mediate the biological effect of retinoids, including both naturally dietary vitamin A (retinol) metabolites and active synthetic analogs. Retinoids play key roles in a wide variety of essential biological processes, such as vertebrate embryonic morphogenesis and organogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, and homeostasis. RARs function as heterodimers with retinoic X receptors by binding to specific RAR response elements (RAREs) found in the promoter regions of retinoid target genes. In the absence of ligand, the RAR-RXR heterodimer recruits the corepressor proteins NCoR or AMRT, and associated factors such as histone deacetylases or DNA-methyltransferases, leading to an inactive condensed chromatin structure, preventing transcription. Upon ligand binding, the corepressors are released, and coactivator complexes such as histone acetyltransferase or histone arginine methyltransferases are recruited to activate transcription. There are three RAR subtypes (alpha, beta, gamma), originating from three distinct genes. For each subtype, several isoforms exist that differ in their N-terminal region, allowing retinoids to exert their pleiotropic effects. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, retinoic acid receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 363 LLTSLIRAHLDSGPNTAKLDYSKFQELVLPRfGKEDAGDVQQFYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAF 442
Cdd:cd06937    2 LITKVRKAHQETFPSLCQLGKYTTNSSADQR-VRLDLGLWDKFSELSTKCIIKIVEFAKRLPGFTTLTIADQITLLKAAC 80

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 443 LELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQC-ARGFGDWIDNILAFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSALVLIT-DRHGLQDP 520
Cdd:cd06937   81 LDILILRICTRYTPEQDTMTFSDGLTLNRTQMhNAGFGPLTDLVFTFANQLLPLEMDDTEIGLLSAICLICgDRQDLEEP 160

                        170       180       190       200       210       220       230
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 521 RRVEELQNRIASCLKEHmaAVAGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRTLCTQGLQRIFCLKLEDLVPPPPIVDKI 590
Cdd:cd06937  161 DRVEKLQEPLLEALKIY--ARKRRPDKPHMFPKMLMKITDLRSISAKGAERVITLKMEIPGPMPPLISEM 228

DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factors (COUP-TFs) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. COUP-TFs are orphan members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. They are expressed in many tissues and are involved in the regulation of several important biological processes, such as neurogenesis, organogenesis, cell fate determination, and metabolic homeostasis. COUP-TFs homodimerize or heterodimerize with retinoid X receptor (RXR) and a few other nuclear receptors and bind to a variety of response elements that are composed of imperfect AGGTCA direct or inverted repeats with various spacings. COUP-TFs are generally considered to be repressors of transcription for other nuclear hormone receptors such as retinoic acid receptor (RAR), thyroid hormone receptor (TR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF4). Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, COUP-TFs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVR 337
Cdd:cd06958    1 CVVCGDKSSGKHYGQFTCEGCKSFFKRSVRRNLTYTCRGNRNCPIDQHHRNQCQYCRLKKCLKVGMRREAVQ 72

DNA-binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of proteins similar to Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. E78 interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. The SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVrtdslkgRR 345
Cdd:cd07165    1 CKVCGDKASGYHYGVTSCEGCKGFFRRSIQKQIEYRCLRDGKCEIIRLNRNRCQYCRFKKCLAAGMSKDSV-------RY 73

                 ....*...
gi 564361899 346 GRLPSKPK 353
Cdd:cd07165   74 GRIPNRQR 81

DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) F1 is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. This domain interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. GCNF is a transcription factor expressed in post-meiotic stages of developing male germ cells. In vitro, GCNF has the ability to bind to direct repeat elements of 5'-AGGTCA.AGGTCA-3', as well as to an extended half-site sequence 5'-TCA.AGGTCA-3'. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, GCNF has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTDSLKGRR 345
Cdd:cd07169    9 CLICGDRATGLHYGIISCEGCKGFFKRSICNKRVYRCSRDKNCVMSRKQRNRCQYCRLLKCLQMGMNRKAIREDGMPGGR 88

                 ..
gi 564361899 346 GR 347
Cdd:cd07169   89 NK 90

DNA-binding domain of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domains of estrogen receptor (ER) and estrogen related receptors (ERR) are composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. ER and ERR interact with the palindromic inverted repeat, 5'GGTCAnnnTGACC-3', upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. ERR and ER are closely related and share sequence similarity, target genes, co-regulators and promoters. While ER is activated by endogenous estrogen, ERR lacks the ability to bind to estrogen. Estrogen receptor mediates the biological effects of hormone estrogen by the binding of the receptor dimer to estrogen response element of target genes. However, ERRs seem to interfere with the classic ER-mediated estrogen responsive signaling by targeting the same set of genes. ERRs and ERs exhibit the common modular structure with other nuclear receptors. They have a central highly conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a non-conserved N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTD 339
Cdd:cd07155    1 CLVCGDIASGYHYGVASCEACKAFFKRTIQGNLGYSCPSTSECEVDKKRRKSCQACRLQKCLKVGMLKEGVRLD 74

Ligand binding domain of hormone receptors;

                           10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899   412 SLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQC-----ARGFGDWIDNIL 486
Cdd:smart00430   4 QLLLTVEWAKSFPGFRELSLEDQIVLLKSFWFELLLLELAYRSVKLKKELLLAPDGTYIRPDAvlelrKLFSPFLDRILS 83

                           90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899   487 AFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSALVLIT-DRHGLQDPRR--VEELQNRIASCLKEHMAAVaGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRT 563
Cdd:smart00430  84 ELVKPLRELKLDDEEYALLKAIVLFNpAVPGLSEEGKeiVEKLQEKYANALHDYYLKN-YPMNYPGRFAKLLLILPELRK 162

                   .
gi 564361899   564 L 564
Cdd:smart00430 163 I 163

The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The second DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the 2DBD nuclear receptor (NR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. NRs interact with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulate the rate of transcriptional initiation. The proteins contain two DBDs in tandem, probably resulting from an ancient recombination event. The 2DBD-NRs are found only in flatworm species, mollusks and arthropods. Their biological function is unknown.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|..
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVR 337
Cdd:cd07179    1 CRVCGGKSSGFHFGALTCEGCKGFFRRTELSSNSYVCPGGQNCAITPATRNACKSCRFRRCLAVGMSKTGSR 72

DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. PPAR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. PPARs play important roles in regulating cellular differentiation, development and lipid metabolism. Activated PPAR forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) that binds to the hormone response elements, which are composed of two direct repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base pair located upstream of the peroxisome proliferator responsive genes, and interacts with co-activators. Several essential fatty acids, oxidized lipids and prostaglandin J derivatives can bind and activate PPAR. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PPAR has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal regulatory domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 265 RCAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKY-ICLANkdCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTdslkg 343
Cdd:cd06965    1 ECRVCGDKASGFHYGVHACEGCKGFFRRTIRLKLVYkPCDLS--CKIHKKSRNKCQYCRFQKCLNVGMSHNAIRF----- 73

                         90
                 ....*....|.
gi 564361899 344 rrGRLPSKPKQ 354
Cdd:cd06965   74 --GRMPRVEKE 82

DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Tailless (TLX) is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. TLX interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. TLX is an orphan receptor that is expressed by neural stem/progenitor cells in the adult brain of the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG). It plays a key role in neural development by promoting cell cycle progression and preventing apoptosis in the developing brain. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, TLX has a central well conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANK--DCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVR 337
Cdd:cd07163    9 CKVCGDRSSGKHYGIYACDGCSGFFKRSIRRNRQYVCKSKGqgGCPVDKTHRNQCRACRLKKCFEVGMNKDAVQ 82

DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) like is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; The DNA-binding domain of the photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) nuclear receptor-like family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which coordinates a single zinc atom. PNR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. This family includes nuclear receptor Tailless (TLX), photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR) and related receptors. TLX is an orphan receptor that plays a key role in neural development by regulating cell cycle progression and exit of neural stem cells in the developing brain. PNR is expressed only in the outer layer of retinal photoreceptor cells. It may be involved in the signaling pathway regulating photoreceptor differentiation and/or maintenance. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, PNR-like receptors have a central well-conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLA-NKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTD 339
Cdd:cd06957    1 CKVCGDKSYGKHYGVYCCDGCSCFFKRSVRKGIIYTCIAgNGNCVVDKARRNWCPFCRLQKCFAVGMNRAAVQEE 75

DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (ECR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Ecdysone receptor (EcR) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. EcR interacts with highly degenerate pseudo-palindromic response elements, resembling inverted repeats of 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by 1 bp, upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. EcR is present only in invertebrates and regulates the expression of a large number of genes during development and reproduction. EcR functions as a heterodimer by partnering with ultraspiracle protein (USP), the ortholog of the vertebrate retinoid X receptor (RXR). The natural ligands of EcR are ecdysteroids, the endogenous steroidal hormones found in invertebrates. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, EcRs have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTDS 340
Cdd:cd07161    4 CLVCGDRASGYHYNALTCEGCKGFFRRSVTKSAVYHCKYGRACEMDMYMRRKCQECRLKKCLSVGMRPECVVPES 78

Ligand binding domain of Estrogen receptor, which are activated by the hormone 17beta-estradiol (estrogen); The ligand binding domain (LBD) of Estrogen receptor (ER): Estrogen receptor, a member of nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by the hormone estrogen. Estrogen regulates many physiological processes including reproduction, bone integrity, cardiovascular health, and behavior. The main mechanism of action of the estrogen receptor is as a transcription factor by binding to the estrogen response element of target genes upon activation by estrogen and then recruiting coactivator proteins which are responsible for the transcription of target genes. Additionally some ERs may associate with other membrane proteins and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, ER has a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD). The C-terminal LBD also contains AF-2 activation motif, the dimerization motif, and part of the nuclear localization region. Estrogen receptor has been linked to aging, cancer, obesity and other diseases.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 419 WAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQ--CARGFGDWIDNILAFSRSLHSLG 496
Cdd:cd06949   51 WAKKIPGFVDLSLHDQVHLLESAWLELLMLGLVWRSMEHPGKLLFAPDLLLDRNQgsCVEGMVEIFDMLLATASRFRELQ 130

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 497 VDVPAFACLSALVLIT------DRHGLQDPRRVEELQNRIASCLKEHMA-AVAGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPELRTLCTQGL 569
Cdd:cd06949  131 LQREEYVCLKAIILLNssvytfLLESLESRRQVQRLLDKITDALVHACSkRGLSLQQQSRRLAQLLLILSHIRHVSNKGM 210

                        170
                 ....*....|...
gi 564361899 570 QRIFCLKLEDLVP 582
Cdd:cd06949  211 EHLYSMKCKNVVP 223

The ligand binding domain of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78, a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily; The ligand binding domain (LBD) of Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) like: Drosophila ecdysone-induced protein 78 (E78) is a transcription factor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. E78 is a product of the ecdysone-inducible gene found in an early late puff locus at position 78C during the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. Two isoforms of E78, E78A and E78B, are expressed from two nested transcription units. An E78 orthologue from the Platyhelminth Schistosoma mansoni (SmE78) has also been identified. It is the first E78 orthologue known outside of the molting animals--the Ecdysozoa. SmE78 may be involved in transduction of an ecdysone signal in S. mansoni, consistent with its function in Drosophila. Like other members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, E78-like receptors have a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a non-conserved hinge and a C-terminal ligand binding domain (LBD).

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 403 QQFYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQCARGFG-DW 481
Cdd:cd06941    5 QQLSEALTPSVQRVVEFAKRIPGFCDLSQDDQLLLIKAGFFEVWLVRISRLINSKSGSITFDDGISISRQQLDIIYDsDF 84

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 482 IDNILAFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSALVLIT-DRHGLQDPRRVEELQNRIASCLKehMAAVAGDPQPASCLSRLLGKLPE 560
Cdd:cd06941   85 VKALFEFSDSFNSLGLSDTEVALFCAVVLLSpDRIGLSEPKKVAILQDRVLEALK--VQVSRNRPAEAQLFASLLMKIPE 162

                 ....
gi 564361899 561 LRTL 564
Cdd:cd06941  163 LRSI 166

DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers; DNA-binding domain of Liver X receptors (LXRs) family is composed of two C4-type zinc fingers. Each zinc finger contains a group of four Cys residues which co-ordinates a single zinc atom. LXR interacts with specific DNA sites upstream of the target gene and modulates the rate of transcriptional initiation. LXR operates as cholesterol sensor which protects cells from cholesterol overload by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver and its excretion in the bile. Oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols were identified as specific ligands for LXRs. LXR functions as a heterodimer with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) which may be activated by either LXR agonist or 9-cis retinoic acid, a specific RXR ligand. The LXR/RXR complex binds to a liver X receptor response element (LXRE) in the promoter region of target genes. The ideal LXRE sequence is a direct repeat-4 (DR-4) DNA fragment consisting of two AGGTCA hexameric half-sites separated by a 4-nucleotide spacer. LXR has typical NR modular structure with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and the ligand binding domain (LBD) at the C-terminal.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 564361899 266 CAVCGDNASCQHYGVRTCEGCKGFFKRTVQKSAKYICLANKDCPVDKRRRNRCQFCRFQKCLAVGMVKEVVRTD 339
Cdd:cd07160   21 CSVCGDKASGFHYNVLSCEGCKGFFRRSVIKGAQYVCKNGGKCQMDMYMRRKCQECRLRKCREAGMREQCVLSE 94

The ligand binding domain of Liver X receptors, a family of nuclear receptors of ligand-activated transcription factors; The ligand binding domain of Liver X receptors: Liver X receptors (LXRs) belong to a family of nuclear receptors of ligand-activated transcription factors. LXRs operate as cholesterol sensors which protect from cholesterol overload by stimulating reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissues to the liver and its excretion in the bile. Oxidized cholesterol derivatives or oxysterols were identified as specific ligands for LXRs. Upon ligand binding a conformational change leads to recruitment of co-factors, which stimulates expression of target genes. Among the LXR target genes are several genes involved in cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues such as the ATP-binding-cassette transporters ABCA1, ABCG1 and ApoE. There are two LXR isoforms in mammals, LXRalpha and LXRbeta. LXRalpha is expressed mainly in the liver, intestine, kidney, spleen, and adipose tissue, whereas LXRbeta is ubiquitously expressed at lower level. Both LXRalpha and LXRbeta function as heterodimers with the retinoid X receptor (RX R) which may be activated by either LXR ligands or 9-cis retinoic acid, a specific RXR ligand. The LXR/RXR complex binds to a liver X receptor response element (LXRE) in the promoter region of target genes. LXR has typical NR modular structure with a central well conserved DNA binding domain (DBD), a variable N-terminal domain, a flexible hinge and the ligand binding domain (LBD) at the C-terminal.

                         10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 405 FYDLLSGSLDVIRKWAEKIPGFIELSPGDQDLLLESAFLELFILRLAYRSKPGEGKLIFCSGLVLHRLQCAR--GFGDWI 482
Cdd:cd06954   48 FTELAILSVQEIVDFAKQLPGFLTLTREDQIALLKASTIEVMLLETARRYNPESEAITFLKDFPYSRDDFARagLQVEFI 127

                         90       100       110       120       130       140       150       160
                 ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 564361899 483 DNILAFSRSLHSLGVDVPAFACLSAL-VLITDRHGLQDPRRVEELQN----RIASCLKEHMaavagdPQPASCLSRLLGK 557
Cdd:cd06954  128 NPIFEFSKSMRELQLDDAEYALLIAInIFSADRPNVQDHHRVERLQEtyveALHSYIKIKR------PSDRLMFPRMLMK 201

                        170       180
                 ....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 564361899 558 LPELRTLCTQGLQRIFCLKLEDLVPPP 584
Cdd:cd06954  202 LVSLRTLSSVHSEQVFALRLQDKKLPP 228