PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (P20L1); P20L1 is an active malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain-containing protein that binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNA (Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. Its MBT domain reads and controls enzyme levels of methylated DNMT1 in cells, thus representing a novel antagonist of DNMT1 proteasomal degradation. In addition to the MBT domain, PHF20L1 also contains two Tudor domains, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and the putative DNA-binding domains, AT hook and Cys2His2-type zinc finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 528 RCICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIPEQYICYICRD 573
Cdd:cd15633     1 RCICEMDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEESIPEQYICYICRD 46

Protein of unknown function (DUF3776); This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 100 amino acids in length.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958789590  41 SNKEKERDGGKWFKVPSKKAETS-TCIVTAEIEKKEELPTSSEPfvglhidSVPKIVFPQPESTLTNKRKNNQGNSFQAK 119
Cdd:pfam12618   1 GKKEEEEKTLKSEKICSEKGKKSeKSLPKNESEEKENISPNEEY-------SGDTQVDKKPESDIVKSRSKPQGNLCEPK 73

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 120 RARLNKITGLLASKAVGVDGAEKKED 145
Cdd:pfam12618  74 RKRLGKGAGCTELKAEGRPPSITPQQ 99

Tudor domain superfamily; The Tudor domain is a conserved structural domain, originally identified in the Tudor protein of Drosophila, that adopts a beta-barrel-like core structure containing four short beta-strands followed by an alpha-helical region. It binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions. Tudor domain-containing proteins may mediate protein-protein interactions required for various DNA-templated biological processes, such as RNA metabolism, as well as histone modification and the DNA damage response. Members of this superfamily contain one or more copies of the Tudor domain.

                          10
                  ....*....|....
gi 1958789590   1 MHIKAMPEDAKGQD 14
Cdd:cd20454    46 MHIKSMPEDAKGQD 59

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (P20L1); P20L1 is an active malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain-containing protein that binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNA (Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. Its MBT domain reads and controls enzyme levels of methylated DNMT1 in cells, thus representing a novel antagonist of DNMT1 proteasomal degradation. In addition to the MBT domain, PHF20L1 also contains two Tudor domains, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and the putative DNA-binding domains, AT hook and Cys2His2-type zinc finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 528 RCICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIPEQYICYICRD 573
Cdd:cd15633     1 RCICEMDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEESIPEQYICYICRD 46

Protein of unknown function (DUF3776); This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 100 amino acids in length.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958789590  41 SNKEKERDGGKWFKVPSKKAETS-TCIVTAEIEKKEELPTSSEPfvglhidSVPKIVFPQPESTLTNKRKNNQGNSFQAK 119
Cdd:pfam12618   1 GKKEEEEKTLKSEKICSEKGKKSeKSLPKNESEEKENISPNEEY-------SGDTQVDKKPESDIVKSRSKPQGNLCEPK 73

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 120 RARLNKITGLLASKAVGVDGAEKKED 145
Cdd:pfam12618  74 RKRLGKGAGCTELKAEGRPPSITPQQ 99

PHD zinc finger; The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger is a C4HC3 zinc-finger-like motif found in nuclear proteins thought to be involved in epigenetics and chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. The PHD finger binds two zinc ions using the so-called 'cross-brace' motif and is thus structurally related to the RING finger and the FYVE finger. It is not yet known if PHD fingers have a common molecular function. Several reports suggest that it can function as a protein-protein interacton domain and it was recently demonstrated that the PHD finger of p300 can cooperate with the adjacent BROMO domain in nucleosome binding in vitro. Other reports suggesting that the PHD finger is a ubiquitin ligase have been refuted as these domains were RING fingers misidentified as PHD fingers.

                           10        20        30        40
                   ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*
gi 1958789590  529 CICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMG--LLEDSIPEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:smart00249   3 SVCGKPDDGGELLQCDGCDRWYHQTCLGppLLEEEPDGKWYCPKC 47

Tudor domain found in PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (PHF20L1) and similar proteins; PHF20L1 is an active malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain-containing protein that binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNA (cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. Its MBT domain reads and controls enzyme levels of methylated DNMT1 in cells, thus representing a novel antagonist of DNMT1 proteasomal degradation. In addition to the MBT domain, PHF20L1 also contains a Tudor domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and putative DNA-binding domains AT hook and C2H2-type zinc finger. The Tudor domain binds to proteins with dimethylated arginine or lysine residues, and may also bind methylated histone tails to facilitate protein-protein interactions.

                          10
                  ....*....|....
gi 1958789590   1 MHIKAMPEDAKGQD 14
Cdd:cd20454    46 MHIKSMPEDAKGQD 59

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 (P20L1); P20L1 is an active malignant brain tumor (MBT) domain-containing protein that binds to monomethylated lysine 142 on DNA (Cytosine-5) Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) (DNMT1K142me1) and colocalizes at the perinucleolar space in a SET7-dependent manner. Its MBT domain reads and controls enzyme levels of methylated DNMT1 in cells, thus representing a novel antagonist of DNMT1 proteasomal degradation. In addition to the MBT domain, PHF20L1 also contains two Tudor domains, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and the putative DNA-binding domains, AT hook and Cys2His2-type zinc finger.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 528 RCICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIPEQYICYICRD 573
Cdd:cd15633     1 RCICEMDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEESIPEQYICYICRD 46

PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1; PHD20L1_u1 is a region of natively unstructured but highly conserved sequence on a set of higher eukaryotic PHD finger protein 20-like protein 1 like proteins. The function is not known.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*...
gi 1958789590 163 SQKKNEAVISS--SANTQKPALLSSTLSSGKARSKKCKHESGESSGCIKAPKSPLAPELIQAKDLTLV 228
Cdd:pfam16660   1 QEKKNEADIGSivPAESQKPALLSASASSGKARGKKCKHEPGDASGCIKNPKPPADLELHQEEDLTLV 68

PHD finger found in mixed lineage leukemia 5 (MLL5); MLL5 is a histone methyltransferase that plays a key role in hematopoiesis, spermatogenesis and cell cycle progression. It contains a single plant homeodomain (PHD) finger followed by a catalytic SET domain. MLL5 can be recruited to E2F1-responsive promoters to stimulate H3K4 trimethylation and transcriptional activation by binding to the cell cycle regulator host cell factor (HCF-1), thereby facilitating the cell cycle G1 to S phase transition. It is also involved in mitotic fidelity and genomic integrity by modulating the stability of the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) via the interaction with Borealin. Moreover, MLL5 is a component of a complex associated with retinoic acid receptor that requires GlcN Acylation of its SET domain in order to activate its histone lysine methyltransferase activity. It also participates in the camptothecin (CPT)-induced p53 activation. Furthermore, MLL5 indirectly regulates H3K4 methylation, represses cyclin A2 (CycA) expression, and promotes myogenic differentiation.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....
gi 1958789590 528 RCICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIPEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15550     1 RCICGFEHDDGFMICCDKCSVWQHGDCMGIDRENIPDSYLCEQC 44

PHD domain found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae bypass of ESS1 protein 1 (Bye1p), the E3 Sumo Ligase SIZ1, and similar proteins; Yeast Bye1p is a nuclear transcription factor with a domain resembling the central domain in the transcription elongation factor TFIIS and plays an inhibitory role during transcription elongation. It functions as a multicopy suppressor of Ess1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase involved in proline isomerization of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). Bye1p contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a central Pol II-binding TFIIS-like domain (TLD) domain, and a C-terminal Spen paralogue and orthologue C-terminal (SPOC) domain. The PHD domain binds to a histone H3 tail peptide containing trimethylated lysine 4 (H3K4me3). The TLD domain is responsible for the association with chromatin. Plant SIZ1 protein is a SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) E3 ligase that facilitates conjugation of SUMO to substrate target proteins (sumoylation) and belongs to the protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) protein family. It negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, which is dependent on the bZIP transcripton factor ABI5. It also modulates plant growth and plays a role in drought stress response likely through the regulation of gene expression. SIZ1 functions as a floral repressor that not only represses the salicylic acid (SA)-dependent pathway, but also promotes FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression by repressing FLOWERING LOCUS D (FLD) activity through sumoylation. SIZ1 contains a PHD finger, which specifically binds methylated histone H3 at lysine 4 and arginine 2.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958789590 528 RCICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSI------PEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15570     1 RCPCGSSMEDGSMIQCEGCKTWQHMDCVLIPDKPAdglpelPSKFYCELC 50

Protein of unknown function (DUF3776); This domain family is found in eukaryotes, and is approximately 100 amino acids in length.

                          10        20        30        40        50        60        70        80
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958789590  41 SNKEKERDGGKWFKVPSKKAETS-TCIVTAEIEKKEELPTSSEPfvglhidSVPKIVFPQPESTLTNKRKNNQGNSFQAK 119
Cdd:pfam12618   1 GKKEEEEKTLKSEKICSEKGKKSeKSLPKNESEEKENISPNEEY-------SGDTQVDKKPESDIVKSRSKPQGNLCEPK 73

                          90       100
                  ....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 120 RARLNKITGLLASKAVGVDGAEKKED 145
Cdd:pfam12618  74 RKRLGKGAGCTELKAEGRPPSITPQQ 99

PHD finger found in PHD finger protein 3 (PHF3), and death-inducer obliterator variants Dido1, Dido2, and Dido3; PHF3 is a human homolog of yeast protein bypass of Ess1 (Bye1), a nuclear protein with a domain resembling the central domain in the transcription elongation factor TFIIS. It is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues including brain, but its expression is significantly reduced or lost in glioblastomas. PHF3 contains an N-terminal plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a central RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-binding TFIIS-like domain (TLD) domain, and a C-terminal Spen paralogue and orthologue C-terminal (SPOC) domain. This family also includes Dido gene encoding three alternative splicing variants (Dido1, 2, and 3), which have been implicated in a number of cellular processes such as apoptosis and chromosomal segregation, particularly in the hematopoietic system. Dido1 is important for maintaining embryonic stem (ES) cells and directly regulates the expression of pluripotency factors. It is the shortest isoform that contains only a highly conserved PHD finger responsible for the binding of histone H3 with a higher affinity for trimethylated lysine4 (H3K4me3). Gene Dido1 is a Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) target gene and promotes BMP-induced melanoma progression. It also triggers apoptosis after nuclear translocation and caspase upregulation. Dido3 is the largest isoform and is ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues. It is dispensable for ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency, but is involved in the maintenance of stem cell genomic stability and tumorigenesis. Dido3 contains a PHD finger, a transcription elongation factor S-II subunit M (TFSIIM) domain, a SPOC module, and a long C-terminal region (CT) of unknown homology.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|
gi 1958789590 529 CICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGL-------LEDSIpEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15552     2 CICRKPHNNRFMICCDRCEEWFHGDCVGIteaqgkeMEENI-EEYVCPKC 50

PHD finger superfamily; The PHD finger superfamily includes a canonical plant homeodomain (PHD) finger typically characterized as Cys4HisCys3, and a non-canonical extended PHD finger, characterized as Cys2HisCys5HisCys2His. Variations include the RAG2 PHD finger characterized by Cys3His2Cys2His and the PHD finger 5 found in nuclear receptor-binding SET domain-containing proteins characterized by Cys4HisCys2His. The PHD finger is also termed LAP (leukemia-associated protein) motif or TTC (trithorax consensus) domain. Single or multiple copies of PHD fingers have been found in a variety of eukaryotic proteins involved in the control of gene transcription and chromatin dynamics. PHD fingers can recognize the unmodified and modified histone H3 tail, and some have been found to interact with non-histone proteins. They also function as epigenome readers controlling gene expression through molecular recruitment of multi-protein complexes of chromatin regulators and transcription factors. The PHD finger domain SF is structurally similar to the RING and FYVE_like superfamilies.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 529 CICEL-DEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSI--PEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15489     3 IVCGKgGDLGGELLQCDGCGKWFHADCLGPPLSSFvpNGKWICPVC 48

PHD finger found in putative E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UBR7; UBR7, also termed N-recognin-7, is a UBR box-containing protein that belongs to the E3 ubiquitin ligase family that recognizes N-degrons or structurally related molecules for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis or related processes through the UBR box motif. In addition to the UBR box, UBR7 also harbors a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger. The biochemical properties of UBR7 remain unclear.

                          10        20        30        40        50
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958789590 529 CIC------ELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGL-LEDSIPEQY---ICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15542     2 CTCdrpypdPEDEVEDEMIQCVLCEDWFHGRHLGLtPPEPDPDEFdemICSGC 54

PHD finger found in E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SHPRH; SHPRH, also termed SNF2, histone-linker, PHD and RING finger domain-containing helicase, belongs to the SWI2/SNF2 family of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling enzymes, containing the Cys3HisCys4 RING-finger characteristic of E3 ubiquitin ligases. It plays a key role in the error-free branch of DNA damage tolerance. As functional homologs of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad5, SHPRH and its closely-related protein, helicase like transcription factor (HLTF), act as ubiquitin ligases that cooperatively mediate Ubc13-Mms2-dependent polyubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and maintain genomic stability. SHPRH contains a SNF2 domain, a H1.5 (linker histone H1 and H5) domain, a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger, a Cys3HisCys4 RING-finger, and a C-terminal helicase domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 529 CIC-ELDE-ENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIP-EQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15547     2 CICgELDEiDNKHRVQCLKCGLWQHAECVNYDEESDKrEPYLCPHC 47

PHD finger found in PHF2, PHF8 and KDM7; This family includes PHF2, PHF8, KDM7, and similar proteins. PHF2, also termed GRC5, or PHD finger protein 2, is a histone lysine demethylase ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. PHF8, also termed PHD finger protein 8, or KDM7B, is a monomethylated histone H4 lysine 20(H4K20me1) demethylase that transcriptionally regulates many cell cycle genes. It also preferentially acts on H3K9me2 and H3K9me1. PHF8 is modulated by CDC20-containing anaphase-promoting complex (APC (cdc20)) and plays an important role in the G2/M transition. It acts as a critical molecular sensor for mediating retinoic acid (RA) treatment response in RAR alpha-fusion-induced leukemia. Moreover, PHF8 is essential for cytoskeleton dynamics and is associated with X-linked mental retardation. KDM7, also termed JmjC domain-containing histone demethylation protein 1D (JHDM1D), or KIAA1718, is a dual histone demethylase that catalyzes demethylation of monomethylated and dimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me2/me1) and H3K27 (H3K27me2/me1), which functions as an eraser of silencing marks on chromatin during brain development. It also plays a tumor-suppressive role by regulating angiogenesis. All family members contain a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a JmjC domain.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*.
gi 1958789590 529 CICEL-DEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIP--EQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15554     2 CICRQpYDVTRFMIECDVCKDWFHGSCVGVEEHQANdiERYHCPNC 47

PHD finger 2 and 3 found in bromodomain and PHD finger-containing transcription factor (BPTF); BPTF, also termed nucleosome-remodeling factor subunit BPTF, or fetal Alz-50 clone 1 protein (FAC1), or fetal Alzheimer antigen, functions as a transcriptional regulator that exhibits altered expression and subcellular localization during neuronal development and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. It interacts with the human orthologue of the Kelch-like Ech-associated protein (Keap1). Its function and subcellular localization can be regulated by Keap1. Moreover, BPTF is a novel DNA-binding protein that recognizes the DNA sequence CACAACAC and represses transcription through this site in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, BPTF interacts with the Myc-associated zinc finger protein (ZF87/MAZ) and alters its transcriptional activity, which has been implicated in gene regulation in neurodegeneration. Some family members contain two or three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers, which may be involved in complex formation with histone H3 trimethylated at K4 (H3K4me3). This family corresponds to the second and third PHD fingers.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958789590 529 CICELD-EENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLE---DSIpEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15560     2 CICRTPyDESQFYIGCDRCQDWFHGRCVGILQseaEKI-DEYVCPQC 47

PHD finger found in death-inducer obliterator variants Dido1, Dido2, and Dido3; This family includes three alternative splicing variants (Dido1, 2, and 3) encoded by the Dido gene, which have been implicated in a number of cellular processes such as apoptosis and chromosomal segregation, particularly in the hematopoietic system. Dido1, also termed DIO-1, or death-associated transcription factor 1 (DATF-1), is important for maintaining embryonic stem (ES) cells and directly regulates the expression of pluripotency factors. It is the shortest isoform that contains only a highly conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) finger responsible for the binding of histone H3 with a higher affinity for trimethylated lysine 4 (H3K4me3). Gene Dido is a Bonemorphogenetic protein (BMP) target gene, which promotes BMP-induced melanoma progression. It also triggers apoptosis after nuclear translocation and caspase upregulation. Dido3 is the largest isoform ubiquitously expressed in all human tissues. It is dispensable for ES cell self-renewal and pluripotency, but involved in the maintenance of stem cell genomic stability and tumorigenesis. Dido3 contains a PHD finger, a transcription elongation factor S-II subunit M (TFSIIM) domain, aspen paralog and ortholog (SPOC) module, and a long C-terminal region (CT) of unknown homology. Its PHD finger interacts with H3K4me3.

                          10        20        30        40
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958789590 529 CICELDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLE------DSIPEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15639     6 CICRQPHNNRFMICCDRCEEWFHGDCVGITEargrllERNGEDYICPNC 54

PHD finger found in Transcription factor 19 (TCF-19), Lysine-specific demethylase KDM5A and KDM5B, and other similar proteins; TCF-19 was identified as a putative trans-activating factor with expression beginning at the late G1-S boundary in dividing cells. It functions as a novel islet factor necessary for proliferation and survival in the INS-1 beta cell line. It plays an important role in susceptibility to both Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM); it has been suggested that it may positively impact beta cell mass under conditions of beta cell stress and increased insulin demand. KDM5A was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interaction with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK, and BMAL1. KDM5B has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. Both KDM5A and KDM5B function as trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylases. This family also includes Caenorhabditis elegans Lysine-specific demethylase 7 homolog (ceKDM7A). ceKDM7A (also termed JmjC domain-containing protein 1.2, PHD finger protein 8 homolog, or PHF8 homolog) is a plant homeodomain (PHD)- and JmjC domain-containing protein that functions as a histone demethylase specific for H3K9me2 and H3K27me2. The binding of the PHD finger to H3K4me3 guides H3K9me2- and H3K27me2-specific demethylation by its catalytic JmjC domain in a trans-histone regulation mechanism. In addition, this family includes plant protein OBERON 1 and OBERON 2, Alfin1-like (AL) proteins, histone acetyltransferases (HATs) HAC, and AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 4 (ARID4).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958789590 541 IQCEECLCWQHSVCMGL--LEDSIPEQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15517    17 VQCDGCDKWFHQFCLGLsnERYADEDKFKCPNC 49

PHD finger 2 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A); KDM5A (also termed Histone demethylase JARID1A, Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1A, or Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBBP-2 or RBP2)) was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK, and BMAL1. KDM5A functions as a trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase that belongs to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. It also displays DNA-binding activities that can recognize the specific DNA sequence CCGCCC. KDM5A contains the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the second PHD finger.

                          10        20
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....
gi 1958789590 529 CICElDEENGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGL 557
Cdd:cd15606     2 CICR-KPFSGFMLQCELCKDWFHSSCVPL 29

PHD finger 3 found in Lysine-specific demethylase 5A (KDM5A), 5B (KDM5B), and similar proteins; The family includes KDM5A and KDM5B, both of which belong to the JARID subfamily within the JmjC proteins. KDM5A, also termed Histone demethylase JARID1A, or Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1A, or Retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 (RBBP-2 or RBP2), was originally identified as a retinoblastoma protein (Rb)-binding partner and its inactivation may be important for Rb to promote differentiation. It is involved in transcription through interacting with TBP, p107, nuclear receptors, Myc, Sin3/HDAC, Mad1, RBP-J, CLOCK and BMAL1. KDM5A functions as the trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) demethylase. It also displays DNA-binding activities that can recognize the specific DNA sequence CCGCCC. KDM5B, also termed Cancer/testis antigen 31 (CT31), or Histone demethylase JARID1B, or Jumonji/ARID domain-containing protein 1B (JARID1B), or PLU-1, or retinoblastoma-binding protein 2 homolog 1 (RBP2-H1 or RBBP2H1A), has a restricted expression pattern in the testis, ovary, and transiently in the mammary gland of the pregnant female and has been shown to be upregulated in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and lung cancer, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis. KDM5B acts as a histone demethylase that catalyzes the removal of trimethylation of lysine 4 on histone H3 (H3K4me3), induced by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). It also mediates demethylation of H3K4me2 and H3K4me1. Moreover, KDM5B functions as a negative regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal and progenitor cell activity. KDM5B has also been shown to interact with the DNA binding transcription factors BF-1 and PAX9, as well asTIEG1/KLF10 (transforming growth factor-beta inducible early gene-1/Kruppel-like transcription factor 10), and possibly function as a transcriptional corepressor. The family also includes the Drosophila melanogaster protein little imaginal discs (Lid) that functions as a JmjC-dependent trimethyl histone H3K4 (H3K4me3) demethylase, which is required for dMyc-induced cell growth. It positively regulates Hox gene expression in S2 cells. Members in this family contain the catalytic JmjC domain, JmjN, the BRIGHT domain, which is an AT-rich interacting domain (ARID), and a Cys5HisCys2 zinc finger, as well as three plant homeodomain (PHD) fingers. This model corresponds to the third PHD finger.

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|...
gi 1958789590 541 IQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIP--EQYICYIC 571
Cdd:cd15610    18 VQCDGCEEWFHLLCVGLSPEEVAedEDYICPSC 50

PHD finger found in lysine-specific demethylase PHF2; PHF2, also termed GRC5, or PHD finger protein 2, is a histone lysine demethylase ubiquitously expressed in various tissues. It contains a plant homeodomain (PHD) finger and a JmjC domain and plays an important role in adipogenesis. The PHD finger domain can recognize trimethylated histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3). PHF2 also has dimethylated histone H3 lysine 9(H3K9me2) demethylase activity and acts as a coactivator of several metabolism-related transcription factors. Moreover, it can demethylate ARID5B and further forms a complex with demethylated ARD5B to bind the promoter regions of target genes. The overexpression of PHF2 is involved in the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

                          10        20        30
                  ....*....|....*....|....*....|....*..
gi 1958789590 529 CICELDEE-NGFMIQCEECLCWQHSVCMGLLEDSIPE 564
Cdd:cd15641     2 CICRLPYDvTRFMIECDACKDWFHGSCVGVEEEEAPD 38