Edible fungi cultivation is an efficient biological method to convert agroforestry byproducts especially for Korshinsk peashrub (KP) branches into mushroom products. However, the molecular mechanisms of KP regulated mushroom developments remain largely unknown. In this study, we combined transcriptome and metabolism analysis of mushrooms fruiting bodies with KP substrates and apple wood sawdust (AWS) substrate, to identify key metabolic pathways and genes in response to KP substrates effects in mushrooms. Results reveals that KP characterized with at least 1.5-time fold increase for protein and fat content relative to AWS, leads to 62% increase in fat content and around 15% increase in polysaccharide and total sugar content in mushroom fruiting bodies. Transcriptome analysis suggests 1196 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in mushroom treated with KP relative to AWS. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that D-amino acid metabolic process, oxidase activity, FAD binding, malic enzyme activity and carbon metabolism were significantly enriched in the 698 up-regulated DEGs, while pathways related to organic acid transport and methane metabolism were significantly enriched in the list of 498 down-regulated DEGs. In addition, we confirmed the relative expression of some 1% DEGs related to carbon metabolism and oxidoreductase were upregulated by AWS in mushroom fruiting bodies. Metabolism analysis reveals 439 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) in mushroom treated with between AWS and KP. In consistent with transcriptome data, KEGG analysis from metabolism suggests that carbon metabolism, alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism and biosynthesis of amino acids were significantly enriched in the list of up-regulated DAMs. Furthermore, the contents of DAMs related to energy metabolism and carbon metabolism were confirmed by targeted-metabolism. We concluded that reprogrammed carbon metabolism and oxidoreductase pathways act critical roles in mushroom promoted response to KP.
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