Polyploid wheat of the genus Triticum is of diphyletic origin and forms two lineages - turgidum-aestivum and timopheevii zhukovsky, in which there are both tetraploid and hexaploid species. One of the main differences between these lineages at the tetraploid level is the parent Aegilops subgenome, designated for them respectively as B and G, most likely belonging to Aegilops speltoides or more precisely to a species close to it - either not yet discovered or already extinct. Thus, the genomic formulas of the hexaploids of these lineages, taking into account the first indication of the maternal genome, have the
following form, respectively - BBAADD and GGAAAA (the upper indices used to indicate the origin of some subgenomes are not given). And since the formation of, for example, the current bread and macaroni wheat with cross-pollination could be a choice only among the options that arise only as a result of the joint growth of subgenome donor species, therefore, for geneticists and breeders there is still considerable scope for further work to involve other species from the wheat-aegilops complex in crossing, especially since the genera Triticum and Aegilops are represented by at least 10 separate diploid genomes. And quite a lot of such crosses have already been carried out, but for the best expectations, it is still necessary to know the real donors of the polyploid wheat subgenomes. At the same time, it cannot be excluded that an artificial polyploid form of wheat can be created that surpasses the currently cultivated ones. This project is aimed at sequencing the complete chloroplast genome of the disputed species / subspecies of Aegilops aucheri with the S genome, which may have introduced subgenomes B and G into polyploid wheat as the maternal form, as well as the representation of the latter in some polyploid wheat species, which will also be established by sequencing their complete chloroplast genomes. Previously performed sequencing of individual chloroplast genes or only their small fragments did not provide the necessary comprehensive information to clarify the phylogeny of wheat and aegilops. As a result of the project 5 samples will belong to the diploid Aegilops aucheri of various geographical origins. Their nucleotide sequences will be annotated, a detailed bioinformatic analysis will be performed, a phylogenetic tree will be constructed, and the divergence time of these genomes will be estimated. Less...