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ECRI Health Technology Assessment Group. Diagnosis and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) in Acute-Care Stroke Patients. Rockville (MD): Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (US); 1999 Jul. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 8.)

  • This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Cover of Diagnosis and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) in Acute-Care Stroke Patients

Diagnosis and Treatment of Swallowing Disorders (Dysphagia) in Acute-Care Stroke Patients.

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Evidence Tables

Evidence Table 1. Epidemiology of Dysphagia in the USA

Evidence Table 2. Epidemiology of Stroke in the USA

Evidence Table 3. Epidemiology of Dysphagia in Stroke

Evidence Table 4. Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease in the USA

Evidence Table 5. Epidemiology of Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease

Evidence Table 6. Epidemiology of Alzheimer's Disease in the USA

Evidence Table 7. Epidemiology of Dysphagia in Alzheimer's Disease

Evidence Table 8. Epidemiology of Other Neurological Disorders in the USA

Evidence Table 9. Epidemiology of Dysphagia in Other Neurological Disorders

Evidence Table 10. Stroke Patients with Dysphagia who Become Malnourished

Evidence Table 11. Cases of Neurologic Dysphagia that Present with Aspiration

Evidence Table 12. Cases of Stroke that Present with Aspiration

Evidence Table 13. Cases of Stroke that Result in Pneumonia

Evidence Table 14. Cases of Aspiration that Result in Pneumonia

Evidence Table 15. Comparison of Aspirators, Nonaspirators, and Dysphagics in Pneumonia Incidence

Evidence Table 16. Cases of Dysphagia that Lead to Pneumonia

Evidence Table 17. Cases of Nondysphagic Stroke that Result in Pneumonia

Evidence Table 18. Cases of Nonaspirating Dysphagia that Result in Pneumonia

Evidence Table 19. Cases of Aspiration that Lead to Pneumonia Death

Evidence Table 20. Patients with Pneumonia who Die of Pneumonia

Evidence Table 21. Cases of Pneumonia that Result in Death (all causes) in Elderly Patients

Evidence Table 22. Stroke Patients Without Pneumonia who Died

Evidence Table 23. Annual Incidence of Pneumonia in the Elderly

Evidence Table 24. Studies of Dysphagia Diagnostic-treatment Programs for Prevention of Pneumonia in Consecutive Stroke Patients in Acute-care Settings

Evidence Table 25. Historical Prospective Case Series Study of BSE Dysphagia Program for Prevention of Pneumonia in Consecutive Acute Stroke Patients

Evidence Table 26. Historical Controls for no-program Pneumonia Incidence in Consecutive Stroke Patients in Acute-care Settings

Evidence Table 27. Dysphagia Programs for Prevention of Pneumonia in Consecutive Acute Stroke Patients Compared with Historical Controls

Evidence Table 28. Diagnosis-treatment Programs for Prevention of Pneumonia in the Rehabilitiation Center Setting

Evidence Table 29. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Dysphagia Diagnosis-treatment Program for Prevention of Pneumonia in Nursing Home Patients of Mixed Etiology Clinically Suspected off Dysphagia

Evidence Table 30. Applied Diagnosis to Guide Treatment: Diet Modification

Evidence Table 31. Applied Diagnosis to Guide Treatment: Postural Changes

Evidence Table 32. Applied Diagnosis to Guide Treatment: Other Treatments

Evidence Table 33. Clinical Oropharyngeal Signs and Symptoms for Prediction of Pneumonia

Evidence Table 34. Clinical Oropharyngeal Signs and Symptoms for Detection of Aspiration in Patients of Mixed Etiologies - Reference Standard Aspiration on MBS

Evidence Table 35. Clinical Oropharyngeal Signs and Symptoms for Detection of Aspiration in Stroke Patients - Reference Standard Aspiration on VFSS1

Evidence Table 36. Clinical (noninstrumented) Exam Detection of Aspiration in Patients with Mixed Etiology and Symptoms Indicating Dysphagia

Evidence Table 37. Clinical (noninstrumented) Exam Detection of Aspiration in Patients with Stroke and Symptoms Indicating Dysphagia

Evidence Table 38. Clinical (noninstrumented) Exam Detection of Aspiration in all Stroke Patients

Evidence Table 39. MBS Interobserver Variability of Diagnosis of Aspiration

Evidence Table 40. Comparison of BSE and VFSS for Prediction of Aspiration Pneumonia

Evidence Table 41. Pneumonia Predicted by Apparent Unsafe Swallow at BSE

Evidence Table 42. Pneumonia Predicted by Aspiration at MBS

Evidence Table 43. Pseudo-randomized Controlled Trial Comparing FEESST with MBS for Prevention of Pneumonia

Evidence Table 44. Comparison of Fiberoptic Endoscopy to MBS for Prediction of Pneumonia in Stroke Patients Referred for Dysphagia Evaluation

Evidence Table 45. Comparison of Fiberoptic Endoscopy to MBS for Detection of Aspiration

Evidence Table 46. Noninvasive Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Food Intake (Link T3 to O2)

Evidence Table 47. Noninvasive Swallow Therapies. Outcome: Feeding Method (Link T1 to O3)

Evidence Table 48. Noninvasive Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Feeding Method (Link T3 to O3)

Evidence Table 49. Noninvasive Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Weight Change (Link T3 to O4)

Evidence Table 50. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Weight Change (Link T4 to O4)

Evidence Table 51. Noninvasive Swallow Therapies. Outcome: Aspiration (Link T1 to O5)

Evidence Table 52. Diet Modification. Outcome: Aspiration (Link T2 to O5)

Evidence Table 53. Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Aspiration (Link T3 to O5)

Evidence Table 54. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Aspiration (Link T4 to O5)

Evidence Table 55. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Tube Complications (Link T4 to O6)

Evidence Table 56. Noninvasive Swallow Therapies. Outcome: Pneumonia (Link T1 to M1)

Evidence Table 57. Diet Modification. Outcome: Pneumonia (Link T2 to M1)

Evidence Table 58. Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Pneumonia (Link T3 to M1)

Evidence Table 59. Feeding tubes. Outcome: Pneumonia (Link T4 to M1)

Evidence Table 60. Diet Modification. Outcome: Malnutrition/Wasting (Link T2 to M2)

Evidence Table 61. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Major Tube Complications (Link T4 to M4)

Evidence Table 62. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: QOL (Link T4 to O7)

Evidence Table 63. Noninvasive Swallow Therapy. Outcome: Mortality (Link T1 to O8, O9)

Evidence Table 64. Diet Modification. Outcome: Mortality (Link T2 to O8, O9)

Evidence Table 65. Noninvasive Swallow Therapy and Diet Modification. Outcome: Mortality (Link T3 to O8, O9)

Evidence Table 66. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Mortality Resulting from Underlying Illness (not from aspiration, aspiration pneumonia, or tube-related complications) (Link T4 to O8)

Evidence Table 67. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Mortality from Morbidity (pneumonia, aspiration) (Link T4 to O9)

Evidence Table 68. Feeding Tubes. Outcome: Mortality from Treatment (Link T4 to O10)

Evidence Table 69. All Studies Reporting Aspiration Pneumonia or Pneumonia as Outcome with Either a Within-Study Control or a Historical Control

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