Evidence Tables

Paul A Heidenreich; Kathryn M McDonald; Trevor Hastie; Bahaa Fadel; Vivian Hagan; Byron K Lee; Mark A Hlatky

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Heidenreich PA, McDonald KM, Hastie T, et al. An Evaluation of Beta-Blockers, Calcium Antagonists, Nitrates, and Alternative Therapies for Stable Angina. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 1999 Nov. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 10.)

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Evidence Tables

Evidence Tables Abbreviation Key

BB: beta-blockers

CA: calcium antagonists

CABG: coronary artery bypass graft

CAD: coronary artery disease

CNS: central nervous system

COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Diff: difference

GI: gastrointestinal

MI: myocardial infarction

N: number

NI: nitrate

SD: standard deviation

Evidence Table 1. Study information: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Primary institutions	Location of main Institutions	Funding source
Ahuja	1993	Dept. of Medicine, King George Medical College, Lucknow, India	Other	Other
Ardissino	1995	Division di Cardiologia, IRCCS, Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy	Europe	Industry
Ardissino	1991	Division of Cardiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy	Europe	No source given
Arnman	1982	Central Hospital, Skovde, Sweden	Europe	No source given
Bjerle	1986	Dept. of Clinical Physiology, Dept. of Cardiology, Umea Univ. Hospital, Umea, Sweden; Astra Syntex Scandinavia	Europe	No source given
Blake	1991	ICI Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK	United Kingdom	Industry
Bowles	1981	Northwick Park Hospital Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, England	United Kingdom	No source given
Bowles	1983	Dept. of Cardiology and Div. of Clinical Sciences, Northwick Park Hospital, Middlesex, England	United Kingdom	No source given
Brouwer	1995	Dept of Cardiology. Throaxcenter, Univ. Hospital Groningen; Cardiovascular Research Inst. COEUR, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Univ. Hospital DijkZigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands	Europe	Industry
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	Clinical Hospital Osijek, Osijek, Croatia	Europe	No source given
Cocco	1979	Dept. of Cardiology, General Medical and Therapeutic Clinic, Univ. of Ferrara Medical School, Ferrara, Italy; PHARMA Div, Dept. of Clinical Investigation and Development, F. Hoffmann-LaRoche, Basle, Switzerland	Europe	No source given
Crake	1988	National Heart Hospital, London, UK	United Kingdom	Industry
Dargie	1996	Univ. of Glasgow, UK Royal Brompton Hospital, London	United Kingdom	Industry
De Devitiis	1987	Univ. of Naples	Europe	No source given
de Vries	1996	Univ. Hospital Groningen, The Netherlands, Dept. of Cardiology/Thoraxcenter	Europe	Industry
Destors	1989	Unite de Pharmacologie Clinique, Hospital Neuro-Cardiologique, France	Europe	No source given
Di Somma	1996	Universita degli Studi "Frederico II," Napoli	Europe	No source given
Egstrup	1993	Dept. of Cardiology and Diagnostic Radiology, Univ. Hospital, Odense, Denmark	Europe	No source given
Egstrup	1988	Odense Univ. Hospital, Odense, Denmark	Europe	No source given
Findlay	1986	Western Infirmary, Glasgow	United Kingdom	No source given
Findlay	1983	Western Infirmary, Glasgow	United Kingdom	No source given
Findlay	1987	Western Infirmary	United Kingdom	No source given
Frishman	1992	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY	North America	No source given
Frishman	1982	Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY	North America	Foundations
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	Univ. of Hauf-Zachariou Mannheim, Germany	Europe	No source given
Hetzel	1994	Univ. of Ulm	Europe	No source given
Higginbotham	1989	Duke Univ. Medical Center, Durham, NC	North America	Government
Hill	1991	Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL	North America	Industry
Hopkinson	1991	Dept. of Cardiology, George Eliot Hospital, Nuneaton, Warwickshire, UK	United Kingdom	Industry
Humen	1991	Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta	North America	Industry, Foundations
Hung	1983	Stanford Univ.	North America	Industry
Johnson	1981	Dept. of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Div. and Div. of Nuclear Medicine, Univ. of Texas Health Science Center & Parkland Memorial Hospital, Dallas, TX	North America	Other
Johnston	1983	Cardiac Investigation Unit, Univ. Hospital and the Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario	North America	Other
Johnston	1984	Cardiac Investigation Unit, Univ. Hospital and Dept. of Medicine, Western Ontario	North America	No source given
Kawanishi	1992	Div. of Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, Univ. of Southern California Medical Center, LA County and Univ. of Southern California Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA	North America	No source given
Kenmure	1979	Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Scotland	United Kingdom	No source given
Kenny	1985	Kings College Hospital, London	United Kingdom	No source given
Khurmi	1987	Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK	United Kingdom	No source given
Lai	1992	Univ. of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy	Europe	No source given
Lai	1988	Institute of Cardiology, Univ. of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy	Europe	No source given
Lessem	1984	Varnhem Hospital Heart Section, Malmo, Sweden	Europe	Industry
Livesley	1973	King's College Hospital, London	United Kingdom	No source given
Logan	1986	Hutt Hospital, Wellington Clinical School	Australia/New Zealand	No source given
Lynch	1980	Div. of Cardiovascular Disease, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London	United Kingdom	Foundations
McGill	1986	Dept. of Cardiovascular Medicine, Prince Henry Hospital, Sydney Australia	Australia/New Zealand	No source given
Meyer	1991	Heart Institute, Carmel Hospital, Univ. of Haifa, Israel	Other	No source given
Miller	1988	Univ. of Texas Health Science Center and VA Hospital, San Antonio, TX	North America	Government
Nadazin	1994	Cardiology Div., Dept. of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School Hammersmith Hospital, London	United Kingdom	No source given
O'Hara	1984	Dept. of Cardiology/Div. of Clinical Sciences Northwick Park Hospital and Clinical Research Centre, Harrow, Middlesex, England	United Kingdom	No source given
Parmeshwar	1993	Royal Brompton and National Heart Hospital, London	United Kingdom	No source given
Parker	1986	Queen's Univ., Kingston, Ontario	North America	No source given
Pflugfelder	1987	Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Cardiology, Univ. Hospital, Univ. of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada	North America	Other
Rae	1985	Univ. Dept. of Medical Cardiology, Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK	United Kingdom	No source given
Southall	1982	Royal United Hospital, Bath, England	United Kingdom	Industry
Steffensen	1993	Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Cardiology, Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark	Europe	Other
van der Does	1992	IST Institute, Manheim, Germany	Europe	Industry
van Dijk	1988	Univ. Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands	Europe	No source given
Vliegen	1991	Univ. Hospital Leiden, Leiden	Europe	No source given
Von Arnim	1995	Univ. of Munich, Red Cross Hospital, Munich, Germany	Other	Industry
Wallace	1994	Cardiology Unit, Depts. of Medicine and Radiology, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, NY	North America	Industry
Wheatley	1985	General Practioner Research Group, Surrey, UK	United Kingdom	No source given
Wieshammer	1991	Mednische Klilnik und Poliklinik Universitat Ulm	Europe	No source given

Evidence Table 2. Study information: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Primary institutions	Location of main Institutions	Funding source
Akhras	1989	Div. of Cardiology, Lewisham Hospital, St. Thomas St, London, UK	United Kingdom	No source given
Ankier	1989	Charterhouse Clinical Research Unit Ltd, Boundary House, London, UK	United Kingdom	Industry
Carboni	1992	Ospedale S Camillo, Roma, Italy	Europe	No source given
Connelly	1995	Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged and Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA	N. America	Industry and government
de Vries	1994	Dept. of Cardiology, Ignatius Hospital Breda, The Netherlands	Europe	Other
Eldridge	1987	Div. of Cardiology, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Dept. of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Univ. of Colorado	North America	Government
Emanuelsson	1989	Div. of Cardiology, Dept. of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Univ. of Goteborg; Dept. of Clinical Research, AB Ferrosan, Univ. of Malmo, Sweden	Europe	Other
Friedensohn	1991	Heart Institute, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin, Tel-Aviv Univ., Tel-Aviv, Israel	Other	No source given
Liang	1985	Cardiology Research Labs. and the Cardiology Unit, Univ. of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY	North America	Industry
Schneider	1988	Univ. Hospital, Frankfort FRG	Europe	No source given
Steffensen	1997	National Univ. Hospital, Rigshospitagt, Copenhagen, Hridorie Univ. Hospital Hridorie, Herler, Odense Univ. Hosp. Odense, Denmark	Europe	No source given
Von Arnim	1988	Ludwig-Maximillians Universitat, Munich, Germany, Medizinische Klinik, Groshadern	Europe	No source given

Evidence Table 3. Study information: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Primary institutions	Location of main Institutions	Funding source
Aubert	1970	Gjovik Hospital, Norway; AB Hassle Subsidiary of AB Astra Sweden, Gothenburg, Sweden	Europe	Industry
Binak	1974	Univ. of Istanbul, Turkey	Other	No source given
Goldbarg	1969	Univ. of Chicago, Chicago, IL	North America	Government
Krepp	1991	Stadtisches Krankenhause, Bobingen, FRG	Europe	No source given
van de Ven	1995	Dept. of Cardiology, Oostersingel 59, Netherlands	Europe	No source given
Waysbort	1991	Institute of Physiological Hygiene, Tel Aviv Univ., Dept. of Medicine, A. Edith Wolfson Hospital, Holon, Israel	Other	No source given

Evidence Table 4. Trial inclusion criteria: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Evidence of CAD	Positive exercise test	Positive angiogram
Ahuja	1993	✓	✓
Ardissino	1995	✓	✓
Ardissiono	1991	✓	✓
Arnman	1982	✓	✓
Bjerle	1986	✓	✓
Blake	1991	✓	✓	✓
Bowles	1981
Bowles	1983	✓	✓	✓
Brouwer	1995	✓	✓	✓
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993
Cocco	1979
Crake	1988	✓	✓
Dargie	1996	✓	✓
De Devitiis	1987	✓	✓
de Vries	1996	✓	✓
Destors	1989	✓	✓	✓
Di Somma	1996	✓	✓	✓
Egstrup	1993
Egstrup	1988	✓		✓
Findlay	1986
Findlay	1983	✓	✓
Findlay	1987	✓	✓
Frishman	1992
Frishman	1982	✓	✓	✓
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	✓	✓
Hetzel	1994	✓	✓	✓
Higginbotham	1989	✓	✓
Hill	1991	✓	✓	✓
Hopkinson	1991	✓	✓
Humen	1991	✓	✓
Hung	1983	✓	✓
Johnson	1981	✓
Johnston	1983	✓	✓
Johnston	1984	✓	✓
Kawanishi	1992	✓	✓	✓
Kenmure	1979
Kenny	1985	✓	✓
Khurmi	1987	✓	✓
Lai	1992	✓	✓
Lai	1988	✓	✓	✓
Lessem	1984
Livesley	1973	✓
Logan	1986	✓	✓
Lynch	1980	✓	✓
McGill	1986	✓	✓
Meyer	1991	✓	✓
Miller	1988	✓	✓	✓
Nadazin	1994	✓	✓	✓
O'Hara	1984	✓	✓
Parameshwar	1993	✓	✓
Parker	1986	✓	✓
Pflugfelder	1987	✓	✓	✓
Rae	1985	✓	✓	✓
Rehnqvist	1996	✓	✓
Riley	1992	✓	✓
Romano	1986	✓		✓
Romano	1988	✓		✓
Rousseau	1986	✓		✓
Sadick	1982	✓	✓
Savonitto	1996	✓	✓
Shapiro	1989	✓
Sigurd	1984	✓	✓
Singh	1993	✓	✓
Southall	1982
Steffensen	1993	✓	✓	✓
van der Does	1992	✓	✓
van Dijk	1988	✓	✓
Vliegen	1991	✓	✓	✓
von Arnim	1995	✓	✓
Wallace	1994	✓	✓	✓
Wheatley	1985	✓	✓
Weishammer	1991	✓	✓	✓

Evidence Table 5. Trial inclusion criteria: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Evidence of CAD	Positive exercise test	Positive angiogram
Akras	1989	✓	✓	✓
Ankier	1989
Carboni	1992	✓	✓	✓
Connelly	1995	✓
de Vries	1994	✓	✓
Eldridge	1987	✓	✓	✓
Emanuelsson	1989	✓	✓
Friedensohn	1991	✓	✓	✓
Liang	1985	✓	✓	✓
Schneider	1988	✓	✓
Sreffensen	1997	✓	✓
von Arnim	1988	✓		✓

Evidence Table 6. Trial inclusion criteria: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Evidence of CAD	Positive exercise test
Aubert	1970
Binak	1974	✓	✓
Goldbarg	1969	✓	✓
Krepp	1991
van de Ven	1995	✓	✓
Waysbort	1991	✓	✓

Evidence Table 7. Trial exclusion criteria: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Sex	Congestive heart failure	Supra-ventricular arrhythmia	Ventricular arrhythmia	Heart block/bradycardia	Recent MI	Post-revascularization	Disease with poor prognosis	COPD	Diabetes	Claudication
Ahuja	1993
Ardissino	1995		✓				✓			✓
Ardissino	1991		✓	✓		✓	✓
Arnman	1982
Bjerle	1986		✓
Blake	1991		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓			✓
Bowles	1981
Bowles	1983		✓				✓		✓	✓
Brouwer	1995		✓	✓		✓	✓
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993		✓			✓	✓	✓		✓
Cocco	1979
Crake	1988
Dargie	1996
De Devitiis	1987		✓			✓	✓			✓	✓
de Vries	1996	✓					✓	✓
Destors	1989
Di Somma	1996		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓		✓
Egstrup	1993		✓				✓
Egstrup	1988		✓			✓	✓
Findlay	1986		✓			✓	✓			✓
Findlay	1983
Findlay	1987		✓			✓	✓			✓
Frishman	1992
Frishman	1982
Hauf-Zachariou	1997
Hetzel	1994						✓
Higginbotham	1989
Hill	1991		✓				✓
Hopkinson	1991		✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓				✓
Humen	1991		✓
Hung	1983		✓				✓			✓		✓
Johnson	1981		✓			✓			✓		✓
Johnston	1983		✓
Johnston	1984
Kawanishi	1992					✓	✓	✓		✓	✓
Kenmure	1979
Kenny	1985					✓				✓
Khurmi	1987
Lai	1992		✓			✓	✓				✓
Lai	1988		✓								✓
Lessem	1984
Livesley	1973		✓				✓			✓	✓
Logan	1986									✓
Lynch	1980		✓				✓			✓
McGill	1986		✓			✓	✓		✓		✓
Meyer	1991						✓
Miller	1988
Nadazin	1994		✓			✓	✓
O'Hara	1984
Parameshwar	1993
Parker	1986
Pflugfelder	1987		✓			✓	✓
Rae	1985						✓
Rehnqvist	1996		✓				✓	✓
Riley	1992											✓
Romano	1986		✓			✓				✓
Romano	1988		✓	✓		✓				✓
Rousseau	1986
Sadick	1982		✓							✓	✓
Savonitto	1996		✓				✓		✓
Shapiro	1989
Sigurd	1984									✓	✓	✓
Singh	1993									✓
Southall	1982
Steffensen	1993		✓	✓		✓			✓
van der Does	1992		✓				✓			✓
van Dijk	1988		✓		✓	✓	✓
Vliegen	1991		✓			✓	✓	✓	✓
von Arnim	1995					✓	✓
Wallace	1994		✓				✓	✓	✓
Wheatley	1985			✓	✓	✓	✓		✓	✓	✓	✓
Wieshammer	1991						✓			✓

Evidence Table 8. Trial exclusion criteria: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	CHF	SVA	VA	Heart block/bradycardia	Recent MI	Post revascularization	Disease with poor prognosis	COPD	Diabetes
Akhras	1989	✓			✓	✓				✓
Ankier	1989	✓			✓	✓	✓	✓		✓
Carboni	1992
Connelly	1995
de Vries	1994	✓			✓	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Eldridge	1987
Emanuelsson	1989				✓	✓		✓
Friedensohn	1991	✓			✓
Liang	1985	✓	✓	✓		✓		✓
Schneider	1988	✓			✓
Steffensen	1997	✓	✓		✓	✓		✓
von Arnim	1988

Evidence Table 9. Trial exclusion criteria: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	CHF	Recent MI	COPD
Aubert	1970
Binak	1974
Goldbarg	1969	✓		✓
Krepp	1991
van de Ven	1995		✓
Waysbort	1991

Evidence Table 10. Study information: Patient characteristics: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age mean/midpoint	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	Percent diabetes	Percent CABG
Ahuja	1993	56	94	8	14
Ardissino	1995	59	82	48	5
Ardissino	1991	57	82	34	4
Arnman	1982	55	79	29		13
Bjerle	1986	58	78	67
Blake	1991	62	63
Bowles	1981	55
Bowles	1983	55	80
Brouwer	1995	54	71	29
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	55		31
Cocco	1979	54	80
Crake	1988	52	8	2
Dargie	1996	59	86	33		5
De Devitiis	1987	54	81		63	0
de Vries	1996	62	100	35
Destors	1989	56	66	34
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	25
Egstrup	1993	55		73
Egstrup	1988	56		62
Findlay	1986	56	100	50
Findlay	1983	56	100
Findlay	1987	57	73	36
Frishman	1992	59	94
Frishman	1982	57	92	25
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68
Hetzel	1994	58
Higginbotham	1989	55	100
Hill	1991	63	100		33
Hopkinson	1991	55	90
Humen	1991	59	92	29	0
Hung	1983	61	92	0	50	0
Johnson	1981	58	88	44	0
Johnston	1983	57	95	30		10
Johnston	1984	51	100
Kawanishi	1992	54	66	62	0	14
Kenmure	1979	55		43
Kenny	1985	57	100	27
Khurmi	1987	61	79
Lai	1992	61	100
Lai	1988	59	100		0
Lessem	1984	58		67
Livesley	1973	52	78		0
Logan	1986	58	93	20
Lynch	1980	58	88	94
McGill	1986	61	92		0
Meyer	1991	59	77	13	13
Miller	1988	61	94
Nadazin	1994	62	87	13
O'Hara	1984		86
Parameshwar	1993	61	97	23		70
Parker	1986	59	100
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92
Rae	1985	52	91	41
Rehnqvist	1996	59	70	4	2	1
Riley	1992	55	50	36
Romano	1988	52	80	0
Romano	1986	53	69	0
Rousseau	1986	55	94
Sadick	1982	54	94		0
Savonitto	1996	59	82	9	5
Shapiro	1989	58	85	41
Sigurd	1984
Singh	1993	63	89
Southall	1982	55	100	58
Steffensen	1993	50	92
van der Does	1992	57	57
van Dijk	1988	59	100	27
Vliegen	1991	61
von Arnim	1995	57	85	29
Wallace	1994	54	88	71
Wheatley	1985	57	67		0
Wieshammer	1991	58	89

Evidence Table 11. Patient characteristics: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age mean/midpoint	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	Percent diabetes	Percent CABG
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	0
Ankier	1989	59	65		0
Carboni	1992	54	80	60
Connelly	1995	76	65	41
de Vries	1994	72	70	16	0
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60		7
Emanuelsson	1989	63	84	38
Friedensohn	1991	59	97
Liang	1985	57	70	50	7
Schneider	1988	58	100	43
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51
von Arnim	1988	62	65

Evidence Table 12. Patient characteristics: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Age mean/midpoint	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	Percent diabetes
Aubert	1970	56	90	52
Binak	1974	57	87	47
Goldbarg	1969	55	90	29	24
Krepp	1991	58	60
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30
Waysbort	1991

Evidence Table 13. Study interventions: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Therapy 1			Therapy 2
Study	Year	Drug name	mg	Dose	Drugname	mg	Dose
Ahuja	1993	Metoprolol	50	2x/day	Diltiazem	60	3x/day
Ardissino	1995	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
Ardissino	1991	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
Arnman	1982	Metoprolol	100	2x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Bjerle	1986	Nicardipine	30	3x/day	Propranolol	40	3x/day
Blake	1991	Epanolol	200	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
Bowles	1981	Propranolol	80	3x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Bowles	1983	Propranolol	240	3x/day	Verapamil	360	3x/day
Brouwer	1995	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Diltiazem	60	4x/day
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	Diltiazem	180	3x/day	Penbutolol	40	1x/day
Cocco	1979	Pindolol	20	3x/day	Nifedipine	20	3x/day
Crake	1988	Labetalol	200	2x/day	Nifedipine	10	3x/day
Dargie	1996	Atenolol	50	2x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x /day
De Devitiis	1987	Bisoprolol	10	1x/day	Verapamil	80	3x/day
de Vries	1996	Nifedipine	30	1x/day	Atenolol	50	1x/day
Destors	1989	Bepridil	100	1x/day	Propranolol	60	3x/day
Di Somma	1996	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
Egstrup	1993	Nifedipine	10	3x/day	Metoprolol	50	2x/day
Egstrup	1988	Metoprolol	50	2x/day	Nifedipine	10	3x/day
Findlay	1986	Nifedipine	20	3x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Findlay	1983	Atenolol	100	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	3x/day
Findlay	1987	Verapamil	120	3x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Frishman	1992	Bepridil	200	1x/day	Propranolol	20	4x/day
Frishman	1982	Verapamil	80	4x/day	Propranolol	20	4x/day
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	Carvedilol	25	2x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Hetzel	1994	Nifedipine	20	2x/day	Atenolol	50	2x/day
Higginbotham	1989	Nifedipine	10	3x/day	Propranolol	80	3x/day
Hill	1991	Atenolol	100	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	3x/day
Hopkinson	1991	Verapamil	360	1x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Humen	1991	Diltiazem	120	3x/day	Propranolol	80	3x/day
Hung	1983	Diltiazem	30	4x/day	Propranolol	20	4x/day
Johnson	1981	Propranolol	40	4x/day	Verapamil	80	4x/day
Johnston	1983	Propranolol	40	4x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Johnston	1984	Propranolol	40	4x/day	Verapamil	5	2x/day
Kawanishi	1992	Nifedipine	10	4x/day	Propranolol	20	4x/day
Kenmure	1979	Propranolol	80	3x/day	Nifedipine	10	3x/day
Kenny	1985	Diltiazem	60	3x/day	Propranolol	80	3x/day
Khurmi	1987	Propranolol	80	3x/day	Diltiazem	60	3x/day
Lai	1992	Felodipine	10	1x/day	Metoprolol	200	1x/day
Lai	1988	Atenolol	100	1x/day	Nifedipine	10	3x/day
Lessem	1984	Atenolol	200	1x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Livesley	1973	Propranolol	100	3x/day	Verapamil	80	3x/day
Logan	1986	Nicardipine	30	3x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Lynch	1980	Nifedipine	20	3x/day	Propranolol	160	3x/day
McGill	1986	Propranolol	40	3x/day	Nicardipine	30	3x/day
Meyer	1991	Diltiazem	30	4x/day	Bopindolol	1	1x/day
Miller	1988	Diltiazem	60	4x/day	Nadolol	160	1x/day
Nadazin	1994	Atenolol	50	2x/day	Diltiazem	120	3x/day
O'Hara	1984	Propranolol	80	3x/day	Diltiazem	120	3x/day
Parameshwar	1993	Nicardipine	20	3x/day	Atenolol	50	1x/day
Parker	1986	Bepridil	300	1x/day	Propranolol	160	1x/day
Pflugfelder	1987	Bepridil	200	1x/day	Nadolol	120	1x/day
Rae	1985	Bepridil	100	2x/day	Propranolol	80	2x/day
Rehnqvist	1996	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Verapamil	240	2x/day
Riley	1992	Diltiazem	60	3x/day	Epanolol	200	1x/day
Romano	1986	Propranolol	40	3x/day	Diltiazem	60	3x/day
Romano	1988	Nifedipine	10	3x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Rousseau	1986	Nicardipine	30	2x/day	Propranolol	40	2x/day
Sadick	1982	Propranolol	80	4x/day	Verapamil	80	4x/day
Savonitto	1996	Metoprolol	200	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	3x/day
Shapiro	1989	Atenolol	50	1x/day	Nifedipine	10	3x/day
Sigurd	1984	Propranolol	60	3x/day	Verapamil	120	3x/day
Singh	1993	Amlodipine	2.5	1x/day	Nadolol	40	1x/day
Southall	1982	Verapamil	120	3x/day	Propranolol	160	2x/day
Steffensen	1993	Atenolol	100	1x/day	Diltiazem	120	2x/day
van der Does	1992	Carvedilol	25	2x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
van Dijk	1988	Metoprolol	100	2x/day	Diltiazem	60	4x/day
Vliegen	1991	Diltiazem	120	2x/day	Metoprolol	100	2x/day
von Arnim	1995	Bisoprolol	10	1x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day
Wallace	1994	Nifedipine	30	1x/day	Atenolol	50	1x/day
Wheatley	1985	Diltiazem	60	3x/day	Atenolol	100	1x/day
Wieshammer	1991	Atenolol	50	2x/day	Nifedipine	20	2x/day

Evidence Table 14. Study interventions: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Therapy 1		Therapy 2
Study	Year	Drug name	Dose	Drug name	Dose
Akhras	1989	Isosorbide mononitrate	20 mg 2x/day	Nifedipine	40 mg 2x/day
Ankier	1989	Isosorbide mononitrate	20 mg 3x/day	Nifedipine	20 mg 3x/day
Carboni	1992	Gallapomil	50 mg 3x/day	Isosorbide mononitrate	20 mg 3x/day
Connelly	1995	Isosorbide dinitrate	20 mg 3x/day	Nicardipine	20 mg 3x/day
deVries	1994	Felodipine	5 mg 1x/day	Isosorbide mononitrate	10 mg 2x/day
Eldridge	1987	NTG Patch	10cm 1x/day	Nifedipine	10 mg 3x/day
Emanuelsson	1989	Diltiazem	120 mg 2x/day	Isosorbide mononitrate	20 mg 2x/day
Friedensohn	1991	Isosorbide dinitrate	120 mg 1x/day	Verapamil	120 mg 1x/day
Liang	1985	Nifedipine	10 mg 4x/day	Isosorbide dinitrate	10 mg 4x/day
Schneider	1988	Isosorbide dinitrate	40 mg 3x/day	Verapamil	120 mg 3x/day
Steffensen	1997	Amlodipine	5 mg 1x/day	Isosorbide dinitrate	40 mg 2x/day
von Arnim	1988	Nifedipine	20 mg 3x/day	Isosorbide mononitrate	20 mg 3x/day

Evidence Table 15. Study interventions: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Therapy 1		Therapy 2
Study	Year	Drug name	Dose	Drug name	Dose
Aubert	1970	Aprenolol	50mg 4x/day	Pentanitrol	15mg 4x/day
Binak	1974	LB46	4mg 4x/day	Isosorbide dinitrate	5mg 4x/day
Goldbarg	1969	Isosorbide dinitrate	10mg 4x/day	Propranolol	40mg 4x/day
Krepp	1991	Isosorbide mononitrate	50mg 1x/day	Bupranolol	100mg 1x/day
van de Ven	1995	Bisoprolol	10mg 1x/day	Isosorbide dinitrate	20mg 3x/day
Waysbort	1991	Isosorbide mononitrate	40mg 2x/day	Atenolol	100mg 1x/day

Evidence Table 16. Crossover trial execution description: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Run-in period	Run-in period			Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Study	Year	Run-in period	Drug Used	No Drug	Placebo	Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Bjerle	1986	✓			✓	2	4
Blake	1991						4
Bowles	1983	✓			✓	2	4
Brouwer	1995	✓			✓	2	3
Crake	1988	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			1	4
de Vries	1996	✓			✓	1	4
Di Somma	1996	✓			✓	2	4
Findlay	1983	✓			✓	2	3
Findlay	1986			✓	✓	2	3
Frishman	1982						3
Hetzel	1994	✓		✓		0.5	2
Higginbotham	1989	✓		✓		2	5
Hill	1991	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			2	2
Hopkinson	1991	✓			✓	2	4
Humen	1991	✓			✓		3
Hung	1983						2
Johnson	1981	✓		✓		2	2
Johnston	1983	✓		✓		2	4
Johnston	1984						6
Kawanishi	1992	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			2	3
Kenmure	1979	✓				2	2
Kenny	1985	✓		✓		1	4
Khurmi	1987	✓			✓	2	4
Lai	1988	✓		✓		2	4
Lai	1992	✓			✓	2	1
Lessem	1984	✓				2	6
Lynch	1980	✓		✓		2	4
McGill	1986	✓			✓	2	4
Miller	1988						3
Nadazin	1994	✓	Long-acting nitrates			1	3
O'Hara	1984	✓			✓	2	4
Parameshwar	1993	✓		✓		>1	6
Pflugfelder	1987	✓		✓		2	4
Riley	1992	✓		✓		2	4
Romano	1986			✓		1.5	8
Romano	1988	✓		✓	✓	3	3
Sadick	1982	✓		✓		2	3
Sigurd	1984	✓			✓	2	4
Southall	1982	✓	Glyceryl trinitrate			1	4
Steffensen	1993						3
van Dijk	1988	✓		✓		2	6
Wallace	1994	✓			✓	2	6
Wieshammer	1991	✓		✓		0.5	2

Evidence Table 17. Crossover trial execution description: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Run-in period	Run-in period			Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Study	Year	Run-in period	Drug Used	No Drug	Placebo	Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Akhras	1989	✓		✓		1	2
Ankier	1989	✓			✓	1	4
Carboni	1992						1
Connelly	1995	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			1	3
de Vries	1994	✓			✓	2.5	4
Eldridge	1987	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			2	4
Emanuelsson	1989	✓			✓	2	2
Friedensohn	1991	✓	Only nitrates allowed			1	2
Liang	1985	✓			✓	2	6
Schneider	1988	✓		✓		0.5	2
Steffensen	1997	✓	Nitroglycerin PRN			2	5
von Arnim	1988		Unclear				1

Evidence Table 18. Crossover trial execution description: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Run-in period	Run-in period			Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Study	Year	Run-in period	Drug Used	No Drug	Placebo	Run-in period (weeks)	Treatment period (weeks)
Aubert	1970	✓		✓		4	4
Goldbarg	1969						4
van de Ven	1995	✓			✓	2	6

Evidence Table 19. Quality indicators: Beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Randomized	Double-blind	Randomization method described	Exclusions not mentioned
Ahuja	1993	Yes	No	No
Ardissino	1995	Yes	Yes	No
Ardissino	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Arnman	1982	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Bjerle	1986	Yes	Yes	No
Blake	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Bowles	1991	No	Yes	No	✓
Bowles	1983	Yes	No	No
Brouwer	1995	Yes	Yes	No
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	Yes	No	No
Cocco	1979	Yes	No	No	✓
Crake	1988	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Dargie	1996	Yes	Yes	No
De Devitiis	1987	Yes	Yes	No
de Vries	1996	Yes	Yes	No
Destors	1989	Yes	Yes	Yes
Di Somma	1996	Yes	No	No
Egstrup	1993	Yes	Yes	No
Egstrup	1988	Yes	Yes	No
Findlay	1986	Yes	Yes	No
Findlay	1983	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Findlay	1987	Yes	Yes	No
Frishman	1992	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Frishman	1982	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	Yes	Yes	Yes	✓
Hetzel	1994	Yes	No	No
Higginbotham	1989	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Hill	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Hopkinson	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Humen	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Hung	1983	Yes	Yes	No
Johnson	1981	Yes	Yes	Yes
Johnston	1983	Yes	Yes	Yes
Johnston	1984	Yes	No	Yes
Kawanishi	1992	Yes	Yes	No
Kenmure	1979	No	Yes	No	✓
Kenny	1985	Yes	Yes	No
Khurmi	1987	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Lai	1992	Yes	Yes	No
Lai	1988	Yes	Yes	No
Lessem	1984	Yes	No	No	✓
Livesley	1973	No	Yes	No
Logan	1986	Yes	Yes	No
Lynch	1980	Yes	Yes	No
McGill	1986	Yes	Yes	No
Meyer	1991	Yes	No	Yes
Miller	1988	Yes	Yes	No
Nadazin	1994	Yes	Yes	No
O'Hara	1984	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Parameshwar	1993	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Parker	1986	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Pflugfelder	1987	Yes	Yes	No
Rae	1985	Yes	Yes	No
Rehnqvist	1996	Yes	Yes	No
Riley	1992	Yes	Yes	No
Romano	1986	Yes	Yes	No
Romano	1988	Yes	Yes	No
Rousseau	1986	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sadick	1982	Yes	Yes	No
Savonitto	1996	Yes	Yes	No
Shapiro	1989	Yes	Yes	No
Sigurd	1984	No	Yes	No
Singh	1993	Yes	Yes	No
Southall	1982	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Steffensen	1993	Yes	No	No
van der Does	1992	Yes	Yes	No
van Dijk	1988	No	Yes	No
Vliegen	1991	Yes	Yes	No
von Arnim	1995	Yes	Yes	No
Wallace	1994	Yes	Yes	Yes
Wheatley	1985	Yes	Yes	No
Wieshammer	1991	Yes	No	No

Evidence Table 20. Quality Indicators: Nitrates vs. calcium antagonist

Study	Year	Randomized	Double-blind	Randomization method described	Exclusions not mentioned
Akhras	1989	Yes	Yes	No
Ankier	1989	Yes	Yes	Yes
Carboni	1992	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Connelly	1995	Yes	Yes	No	✓
de Vries	1994	Yes	Yes	No
Eldridge	1987	Yes	No	No	✓
Emanuelsson	1989	Yes	Yes	No
Friedensohn	1991	Yes	Yes	No
Liang	1985	Yes	Yes	No
Schneider	1988	Yes	Yes	No
Steffensen	1997	Yes	Yes	No
von Arnim	1988	Yes	Yes	No	✓

Evidence Table 21. Quality indicators: Beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Randomized	Double-blind	Randomization method described	Exclusions not mentioned
Aubert	1970	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Binak	1974	Yes	Yes	No	✓
Goldbarg	1969	Yes	Yes	No
Krepp	1991	Yes	Yes	No	✓
van de Ven	1995	Yes	Yes	No
Waysbort	1991	Yes	Yes	No

Evidence Table 22. Outcomes results: Cardiac death or nonfatal MI, beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	Death/MI No. BB	Death/MI No. CA	OR <1 BB	CA	Favors BB	BB	CA
Ahuja	1993	56	94	8	68	66	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Ardissino	1995	59	82	48	145	135	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Ardissino	1991	57	82	34	32	32	0	0	0.9	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Arnman	1982	55	79	29	20	20	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Blake	1991	62	63		562	558	0	0	1.0	Epanolol	Nifedipine
Bowles	1983	55	80		25	25	0	1	0.1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Brouwer	1995	54	71	29	34	34	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	55		31	20	21	0	0	1.1	Penbutolol	Diltiazem
Cocco	1979	54	80		20	22	0	0	1.1	Pindolol	Nifedipine
Crake	1988	52	8	2	11	11	0	0	1.0	Labetalol	Nifedipine
Dargie	1996	59	86	33	226	232	17	21	0.8	Atenolol	Nifedepine
De Devitiis	1987	54	81		13	12	0	0	0.9	Bisoprolol	Verapamil
de Vries	1996	62	100	35	66	62	0	0	0.9	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	20	20	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Egstrup	1988	56		62	21	21	0	0	0.9	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Egstrup	1993			73	9	8	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Frishman	1982	57	92	25	12	12	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68	126	122	0	2	0.0	Carvedilol	Verapamil
Hetzel	1994	58			27	27	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Higginbotham	1989	55	100		24	240	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Hill	1991	63	100		18	18	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Hopkinson	1991	55	90		30	30	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Verapamil
Humen	1991	59	92	29	24	24	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Hung	1983	61	92	0	12	12	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Johnson	1981	58	88	44	18	18	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Johnston	1983	57	95	30	20	20	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Johnston	1984	51	100		23	23	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Kawanishi	1992	54	66	62	74	74	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Kenmure	1979			43	21	21	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Kenny	1985	57	100	27	15	15	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Lai	1992		100		16	16	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Felodipine
Lai	1988	59	100		10	10	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Lessem	1984	58		67	18	18	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Verapamil
Logan	1986	58	93	20	46	46	2	0	20.9	Atenolol	Nicardipine
McGill	1986	61	92		25	25	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Meyer	1991	59	77	13	15	16	0	0	1.1	Bopindolol	Diltiazem
Miller	1988	61	94		18	18	0	0	1.0	Nadolol	Diltiazem
Nadazin	1994	62	87	13	15	15	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Diltiazem
O'Hara	1984		86		34	17	1	0	5.1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Parameshwar	1993	61	97	23	30	30	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nicardipine
Parker	1986	59	100		18	18	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Bepridil
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92		24	24	0	0	1.0	Nadolol	Bepridil
Rae	1985	52	91	41	12	10	0	1	0.1	Propranolol	Bepridil
Rehnqvist	1996	59	70	4	406	403	34	31	1.1	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Riley	1992	55	50	36	21	21	0	0	1.0	Epanolol	Diltiazem
Romano	1988	52	80	0	10	10	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Rousseau	1986	55	94		18	17	0	0	0.9	Propranolol	Verapamil
Sadick	1982	54	94		18	18	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Savonitto	1996	59	82	9	77	74	2	1	1.9	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Shapiro	1989	58	85	41	19	20	0	0	1.1	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Sigurd	1984				18	18	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Singh	1993	63	89		40	40	0	0	1.0	Nadolol	Amlodipine
Southall	1982	55	100	58	19	19	0	0	1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Steffensen	1993	50	92		25	25	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Diltiazem
van der Does	1992	57	57		84	79	0	0	0.9	Carvedilol	Nifedipine
van Dijk	1988	59	100	27	33	33	0	0	1.0	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Vliegen	1991	61			26	30	0	1	0.1	Metroprolol	Diltiazem
von Arnim	1995	57	85	29	161	169	0	1	0.1	Bisoprolol	Nifedipine
Wallace	1994	54	88	71	22	22	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Wheatley	1985	57	67		40	38	1	0	9.7	Atenolol	Diltiazem
Wieshammer	1991	58	89		36	36	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine

Evidence Table 23. Outcomes results: Angina episodes, beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	Mean BB	SD BB	No. CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference BB-CA	BB	CA
Ardissino	1995	59	82	48	138	4.0	4.6	126	4.8	5.9	-0.8	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Arnman	1982	55	79	29	20	1.4	2.2	20	1.4	2.2	0.0	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Bjerle	1986		78		18	1.8	2.4	18	2.1	3.8	-0.3	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Bowles	1983	55	80		22	10.0	28.1	22	5	14.1	5.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Crake	1988	52	8	2	11	7.9	7.2	11	7.8	6.8	0.1	Labetalol	Nifedipine
De Deviitiis	1987	54	81		11	0.9	1.8	10	1.3	1.8	-0.4	Bisoprolol	Verapamil
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	18	0.9	1.4	18	0.8	1.3	0.1	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Findlay	1983	56	100		14	2.3	5.3	14	4	5.3	-1.7	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Findlay	1987	57	73	36	11	1.5	2.5	11	3.4	3.7	-1.9	Atenolol	Verapamil
Findlay	1986	56	100	50	16	6.6	4.6	16	5.6	4.6	1.0	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Frishman	1982	57	92	25	12	4.6	3.9	12	3.1	3.6	1.5	Propranolol	Verapamil
Frishman	1992	59	94		69	4.2	6.6	69	2	2	2.2	Propranolol	Bepridil
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68	107	2.1	4.7	105	2	4.9	0.1	Carvedilol	Verapamil
Higginbotham	1989	55	100		21	4.0	7	21	3	4	1.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Humen	1991	59	92	29	24	6.1	8.8	24	6	7.4	0.1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Johnson	1981	58	88	44	18	3.5	7.9	18	4.6	6.1	-1.1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Kawanishi	1992	54	66	62	74	2.0	2.3	74	2.7	5.6	-0.7	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Kenny	1985	57	100	27	15	2.0	3.9	15	3	3.9	-1.0	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Livesley B	1973	52	78		32	4.8	8.2	32	7.6	11.8	-2.8	Propranolol	Verapamil
Lynch	1980	58	88	94	16	8.0	8	16	13.5	12	-5.5	Propranolol	Nifedipine
McGill	1986	61	92		22	3.5	4.7	22	3.8	6.1	-0.3	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Nadazin	1994	62	87	13	15	5.4	5.9	15	3.5	4.1	1.9	Atenolol	Diltiazem
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92		24	6.0	8	24	4	6	2.0	Nadolol	Bepridil
Rae	1985	52	91	41	8	8.0	21.2	9	5	9	3.0	Propranolol	Bepridil
Savonitto	1996	59	82	9	65	3.7	7	62	3.1	6	0.6	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Southall	1982	55	100	58	19	4.9	4.8	19	4.9	4.8	0.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Steffensen	1993	50	92		25	5.5	9	25	4.3	6	1.2	Atenolol	Diltiazem
van der Does	1992	57	57		74	0.7	2.1	69	1.4	3.5	-0.7	Carvedilol	Nifedipine
vanDijk	1988	59	100	27	33	2.5	3	3.3	2.5	5.2	0.0	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
von Arnim	1995	57	85	29	118	2.8	5.1	122	4.4	6.7	-1.6	Bisoprolol	Nifedipine
Wallace	1994	54	88	71	17	0.8	1.2	17	1.5	0.8	-0.8	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Wheatley	1985	57	67		40	5.7	6.6	38	6.7	7.4	-1.0	Atenolol	Diltiazem

Evidence Table 24. Outcomes results: Nitroglycerin use, beta=blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	No.BB	Mean BB	SD BB	No.CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference BB-CA	BB	CA
Arnman	1982	55	79	29	20	1.1	2.2	20	1.0	2.2	0.1	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Bowles	1983	55	80		22	12.0	23.5	22	3.0	9.4	9.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
De Devitiis	1987	54	81		11	1.4	1.8	10	1.5	1.7	-0.1	Bisoprolol	Verapamil
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	18	1.0	2.0	18	1.0	1.5	0.0	Metroprolol	Nifedipine
Findlay	1986	56	100	50	16	2.0	9.9	16	3.3	4.0	1.6	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Findlay	1987	57	73	36	11	4.6	4.0	11	3.0	9.9	-1.3	Atenolol	Verapamil
Findlay	1983	56	100		14	1.4	1.9	14	2.8	3.3	-1.4	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Frishman	1982	57	92	25	12	7.8	3.0	12	8.8	4.2	-1.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Frishman	1992	59	94		69	1.9	4.3	69	0.9	1.7	1.0	Propranolol	Bepridil
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68	107	1.7	3.5	105	2.1	3.8	-0.4	Carvedilol	Verapamil
Higginbotham	1989	55	100		21	4.0	4.0	21	3.0	4.0	1.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Humen	1991	59	92	29	24	6.0	8.6	24	5.7	7.3	0.3	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Johnson	1981	58	88	44	18	5.8	15.5	18	6.9	11.3	-1.1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Kawanishi	1992	54	66	62	74	0.7	1.2	74	0.7	1.6	0.0	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Kenny	1985	57	100	27	15	1.0	3.9	15	3.0	3.9	-2.0	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Livesley B	1973	52	78		32	4.5	8.0	32	7.3	11.5	-2.8	Propranolol	Verapamil
Lynch	1980	58	88	94	16	6.5	8.0	16	12.0	10.0	-5.5	Propranolol	Nifedipine
McGill	1986	61	92		22	2.6	5.6	22	1.5	2.3	1.1	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Nazadin	1994	62	87	13	15	5.6	5.3	15	2.2	2.2	3.4	Atenolol	Diltiazem
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92		24	5.0	8.0	24	3.0	7.0	2.0	Nadolol	Bepridil
Southall	1982	55	100	58	19	4.0	4.4	19	4.0	4.4	0.0	Propranolol	Verapamil
Steffensen	1993	50	92		25	3.9	7.0	25	3.4	10.0	0.5	Atenolol	Diltiazem
van der Does	1992	57	57		74	1.4	3.5	69	1.4	3.5	0.0	Carvedilol	Nifedipine
Wallace	1994	54	88	71	17	0.2	1.2	17	0.5	0.4	-0.3	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Wheatley	1985	57	67		40	5.2	6.0	38	5.7	6.5	-0.5	Atenolol	Diltiazem

Evidence Table 25. Outcomes results: Exercise time to ischemia beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent Male	Percent post-MI	No.BB	Mean BB	SD BB	No.CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference BB-CA	BB	CA
Ahuja	1993	56	94	30	68	8.8	2	66	8.2	2.7	0.23	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Bjerle	1986	58	78	67	18	6.7	2.1	18	6.73	3	-0.02	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Bowles	1983	55	80		22	5.7	2.3	22	5.5	2.8	0.08	Propranolol	Verapamil
Crake	1988	52	8	2	11	5.3	2.2	11	6	2.4	-0.3	Labetalol	Nifedipine
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	18	339	208	18	330	169	0.05	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Egstrup	1993	55		73	9	10	3	8	7	4	0.86	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68	107	298	124	105	302	123	-0.03	Carvedilol	Verapamil
Higginbotham	1989	55	100		21	8	3	21	9	3	-0.33	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Humen	1991	59	92	29	24	345	94	24	376	123	-0.28	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Hung	1983	61	92	0	12	479	138	12	532	150	-0.37	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Kenny	1985	57	100	27	15	387	143	15	332	143	0.38	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Lai	1992	60	100		16	625	160	16	571	176	0.32	Metoprolol	Felodipine
McGill	1986	61	92		22	5.5	3.3	22	5.5	3.3	0	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Nadazin	1994	62	87	13	15	6.5	2.1	15	6.6	0.8	-0.06	Atenolol	Diltiazem
Parameshwar	1993	60	97	23	30	446	150	30	472	138	-0.04	Atenolol	Nicardipine
Parker	1986	59	100		18	339	526	18	356	594	-0.03	Propranolol	Bepridil
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92		24	275	107	24	302	108	-0.25	Nadolol	Bepridil
Sadick	1982	54	94		18	7.4	1.4	18	6.6	1.9	0.48	Propranolol	Verapamil
Steffensen	1993	50	92		25	9.1	2.5	25	7.9	3	0.43	Atenolol	Diltiazem
van der Does	1992	57	57		74	4.8	1.8	69	4.5	2.3	0.15	Carvedilol	Nifedipine

Evidence Table 26. Outcomes results: Adverse events, beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	No. CA	Events BB	Events CA	Odds ratio <1 favors BB	BB	CA
Ahuja	1993	56	94	8	68	66	6	6	1	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Ardissino	1995	59	82	48	145	135	1	2	0.5	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Ardissino	1991	57	82	34	32	32	7	9	0.7	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Arnman	1982	55	79	29	20	20	0	0	1	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Blake	1991	62	63		562	558	38	71	0.4	Epanolol	Nifedipine
Bowles	1983	55	80		25	25	2	1	2.1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Brouwer	1995	54	71	29	34	34	4	6	0	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
Catsipovic-Veselica	1993	55		31	20	21	0	0	1.1	Penbutolol	Diltiazem
Cocco	1979	54	80		20	22	1	1	1.1	Pindolol	Nifedipine
Dargie	1996	59	86	33	226	232	60	93	0.5	Atenolol	Nifedipine
De Devitiis	1987	54	81		13	12	2	2	0	Bisoprolol	Verapamil
de Vries	1996	62	100	35	66	62	5	1	5	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Destors	1989	56	66	34	78	78	17	15	1.3	Propranolol	Bepridil
Di Somma	1996	57	60	25	20	20	1	1	1	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Egstrup	1988	56		62	21	21	0	0	0.9	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Egstrup	1993	55		73	9	8	0	1	0.1	Metoprolol	Nifedipine
Frishman	1982	57	92	25	12	12	0	0	1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Hauf-Zachariou	1997	60	78	68	126	122	21	22	0.7	Carvedilol	Verapamil
Higginbotham	1989	55	100		24	24	1	1	1	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Hill	1991	63	100		18	18	0	0	1	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Hopkinson	1991	55	90		30	30	4	0	33.2	Atenolol	Verapamil
Humen	1991	59	92	29	24	24	0	0	1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Hung	1983	61	92	0	12	12	0	0	1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Johnson	1981	58	88	44	18	18	0	0	1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Johnston	1983	57	95	30	20	20	0	1	0.1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Kenmure	1979			43	21	21	0	0	1	Propranolol	Nifedipine
Kenny	1985	57	100	27	15	15	0	0	1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Khurmi	1987	61	79		14	14	0	0	1	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Lai	1992				16	16	0	0	1	Metoprolol	Felodipine
Lessem	1984	58		67	18	18	0	0	1	Atenolol	Verapamil
Logan	1986	58	93	20	46	46	0	0	1.5	Atenolol	Nicardipine
Meyer	1991	59	77	13	15	16	2	1	2.3	Bopindolol	Diltiazem
Miller	1988	61	94		18	18	0	1	0	Nadolol	Diltiazem
O'Hara	1984		86		34	17	2	0	11	Propranolol	Diltiazem
Parker	1986	59			18	18	0	0	1	Propranolol	Bepridil
Pflugfelder	1987	58	92		24	24	0	0	1	Nadolol	Bepridil
Rae	1985	52	91	41	12	10	4	1	4.5	Propranolol	Bepridil
Rehnqvist	1996	59	70	4	406	403	45	59	0.7	Metoprolol	Verapamil
Riley	1992	55	50	36	21	21	5	3	10.5	Epanolol	Diltiazem
Rousseau	1986				18	17	1	2	0.4	Propranolol	Nicardipine
Sadick	1982	54	94		18	18	0	0	1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Shapiro	1989	58	85	41	19	20	2	2	0.5	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Sigurd	1984				18	18	1	2	0.5	Propranolol	Verapamil
Singh	1993	63	89		40	40	11	8	1.3	Nadolol	Amlodipine
Southall	1982	55	100	58	19	19	0	0	1	Propranolol	Verapamil
Steffensen	1993	50	92		25	25	0	0	1	Atenolol	Diltiazem
van der Does	1992	57	57		84	79	10	10	1.9	Carvedilol	Nifedipine
Vliegen	1991	61			26	30	8	9	1	Metoprolol	Diltiazem
von Arnim	1995	57	85	29	161	169	61	64	1	Bisoprolol	Nifedipine
Wallace	1994	54	88	71	22	22	1	4	0.3	Atenolol	Nifedipine
Wheatley	1985	57	67		40	38	4	0	42.1	Atenolol	Diltiazem

Evidence Table 27. Outcomes results: Side effects, beta-blockers vs. calcium antagonists

Author	Year	No. BB	BB	No. CA	CA	Worse angina		Headache		CNS		GI		Edema
Author	Year	No. BB	BB	No. CA	CA	BB	CA	BB	CA	BB	CA	BB	CA	BB	CA
Ardissino	1995	02	Metoprolol	135	Nifedipine	2	3		1						1
Bowles	1983	25	Propranolol	25	Verapamil		1						8
Cocco	1979	20	Pindolol	22	Nifedipine			2	6			3	3
De Devitiis	1987	13	Bisoprolol	12	Verapamil				3		1	1	4
de Vries	1996	66	Atenolol	62	Nifedipine		1	2	7	6	2	2
Destors	1989	78	Propranolol	78	Bepridil							10	5
Di Somma	1996	20	Metoprolol	20	Nifedipine				3
Higginbotham	1989	24	Propranolol	24	Nifedipine					4	10
Hopkinson	1991	30	Atenolol	30	Verapamil			4	3	1	1	4	3
Humen	1991	24	Propranolol	24	Diltiazem			1	2			1	2		1
Johnston	1983	20	Propranolol	20	Verapamil	13	11						5
Lynch	1980	16	Propranolol	16	Nifedipine			5	5						8
McGill	1986	25	Propranolol	25	Nicardipine			1	1	4	1	1	1
Meyer	1991	15	Bopindolol	16	Diltiazem	2	1								1
Rehnqvist	1996	02	Metoprolol	403	Verapamil	10	7	3	4			10	22
Riley	1992	21	Epanolol	21	Diltiazem	1
Sadick	1982	18	Propranolol	18	Verapamil					1			1
Singh	1993	40	Nadolol	40	Amlodipine			7	9					2	4
van der Does	1992	84	Carvedilol	79	Nifedipine			1	3		8	3	3		2
Wallace	1994	22	Atenolol	22	Nifedipine			1	1			3	3		5

Evidence Table 28. Outcomes results: Cardiac death or nonfatal MI, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	No. CA	Odds ratio <1 favors NI	NI	CA
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	17	17	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Ankier	1989	59	65		126	124	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Connely	1995	76	65	41	17	17	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nicardipine
de Vries	1994	72	70	16	45	45	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Felodipine
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60	15	15	1.0	NTG patch	Nifedipine
Emanuelsson	1989	63	84	38	32	32	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Diltiazem
Liang	1985	57	70	50	32	33	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nifedipine
Schneider	1988	58	100	43	14	14	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Verapamil
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51	59	59	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Amlodipine
von Arnim	1988	62	65		20	20	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedepine

Evidence Table 29. Outcomes results: Angina episodes, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	No. CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference NI-CA	NI	CA
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	17	6.6	7.2	17	7.2	7.6	-0.6	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60	15	1.8	3.3	15	1.2	2.4	0.6	NTG patch	Nifedipine
Emanuelsson	1989	63	84	38	32	10	8.5	32	7.5	8.5	2.5	Isosorbide mononitrate	Diltiazem
Liang	1985	57	70	50	30	1.8	1.1	30	1.4	1.6	0.4	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nifedipine
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51	49	5.9	10.5	49	3.9	4.2	2.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Amlodipine

Evidence Table 30. Outcomes results: Nitroglycerin use, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	No. CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference NI-CA	NI	CA
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	17	6.1	8.2	17	5.8	8.0	0.3	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60	15	2.3	4.5	15	1.2	2.0	0.1	NTG patch	Nifedipine
Emanuelsson	1989	63	84	38	32	8.0	8.5	32	5.0	8.0	3.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Diltiazem
Liang	1985	57	70	50	30	1.2	0.5	30	1.1	1.0	1.1	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nifedipine
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51	49	6.8	11.5	49	5.2	7.0	1.6	Isosorbide dinitrate	Amlodipine

Evidence Table 31. Outcomes results: Exercise time to ischemia, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	No. CA	Mean CA	SD CA	Mean difference (NI-CA)/SD	NI	CA
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	17.0	287.0	119.6	17.0	299.0	123.7	-0.1	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60	15.0	398.0	210.0	15.0	416.0	183.0	-0.1	NTG patch	Nifedipine
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51	49.0	292.0	147.0	49.0	332.0	161.0	-0.3	Isosorbide dinitrate	Amlodipine

Evidence Table 32. Outcomes results: Adverse events, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	No. CA	Events NI	Events CA	Odds ratio <1 favors NI	NI	CA
Akhras	1989	60	89	56	17	17	0	0	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Ankier	1989	60	65		126	124	6	3	1.7	Isosorbide mononitrate	Nifedipine
Carboni	1992	54	80	60	15	15	0	0	1.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Gallapomil
Connely	1995	76	65	41	17	17	0	0	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nicardipine
de Vries	1994	72	70	16	45	45	8	7	2.0	Isosorbide mononitrate	Felodipine
Eldridge	1987	59	73	60	15	15	0	1	0.1	NTG patch	Nifedipine
Liang	1985	57	70	50	32	33	2	2	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Nifedipine
Schneider	1988	58	100	43	14	14	0	0	1.0	Isosorbide dinitrate	Verapamil
Steffensen	1997	61	71	51	59	59	8	7	1.5	Isosorbide dinitrate	Amlodipine

Evidence Table 33. Outcomes results: Side effects, nitrates vs. calcium antagonists

Author	Year	No. CA	CA	No. NI	NI	Worse angina		Headache		CNS		GI		Edema
Author	Year	No. CA	CA	No. NI	NI	CA	NI	CA	NI	CA	NI	CA	NI	CA	NI
Ankier	1989	126	Nifedipine	124	Isosorbide mononitrate	1	2	22	22		6	2	5
Emanuelsson	1989	32	Diltiazem	32	Isosorbide mononitrate				13			3	2
Liang	1985	33	Nifedipine	32	Isosorbide dinitrate			1	2

Evidence Table 34. Outcomes results: Cardiac death or nonfatal MI, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Mean Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	No. NI	Death/MI BB	Death/MI NI	Odds ratio <1 favors BB	BB	NI
Aubert	1970	56	90	52	22	22	0	0	1.0	Alprenolol	Pentanitrol
Binak	1974	57	87	47	5	5	0	0	1.0	LB46	Isosorbide dinitrate
Goldbarg	1969	55	90	29	29	29	1	0	10.3	Propanolol	Isosorbide dinitrate
Krepp	1991	58	60		15	15	0	0	1.0	Bupranolol	Isosorbide mononitrate
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30	30	30	0	1	0.1	Bisoprolol	Isosorbide dinitrate
Waysbort	1991				28	28	0	0	1.0	Atenolol	Isosorbide mononitrate

Evidence Table 35. Outcomes results: Angina episodes, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	No. BB	Mean BB	SD BB	Mean difference BB-NI	NI	BB
Aubert	1970	56	90	52	18	9.4	10.0	20	7.5	9.0	-1.9	Pentanitrol	Alprenolol
Binak	1974	57	87	47	5	3.9	2.0	5	3.8	5.4	-0.1	Isosorbide dinitrate	LB46
Goldbarg	1969	55	90	29	21	16.8	20.0	21	7.0	11.5	-9.8	Isosorbide dinitrate	Propanolol
Krepp	1991	58	60		13	3.0	2.0	13	8.0	6.0	5	Isosorbide mononitrate	Bupranolol
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30	27	6.2	2.0	27	3.9	2.6	-2.3	Isosorbide dinitrate	Bisoprolol

Evidence Table 36. Outcomes results: Angina episodes, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	Mean BB	SD BB	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	Mean difference BB-NI	BB	NI
Binak	1974	57	87	47	5	0.0	0.0	5	0.4	0.3	-0.4	LB46	Isosorbide dinitrate
Goldbarg	1969	55	90	29	21	4.4	6.4	21	9.2	8.7	-4.8	Propanolol	Isosorbide dinitrate
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30	27	3.3	2.1	27	5.8	1.6	-2.5	Bisoprolol	Isosorbide dinitrate

Evidence Table 37. Outcomes results: Exercise time to ischemia, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	Mean BB	SD BB	No. NI	Mean NI	SD NI	Mean difference (BB-NI)/SD	BB	NI
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30	27	499	924.9	27	400	737.9	0.12	Bisoprolol	Isosorbide dinitrate

Evidence Table 38. Outcomes results: Adverse events, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Study	Year	Age	Percent male	Percent post-MI	No. BB	No. NI	Events BB	Events NI	Odds ratio <1 favors BB	BB	NI
Aubert	1970	56	90	52	22	22	0	1	0.1	Alprenolol	Pentanitrol
Goldbarg	1969				29	29	2	4	0.5	Propanolol	Isosorbide dinitrate
Krepp	1991				15	15	2	2	1.0	Bupranolol	Isosorbide mononitrate
van de Ven	1995	61	74	30	30	30	0	3	0.0	Bisoprolol	Isosorbide dinitrate
Waysbort	1991				28	28	2	3	0.6	Atenolol	Isosorbide mononitrate

Evidence Table 39. Outcomes results: Side effects, beta-blockers vs. nitrates

Author	Year	No. CA	CA	No. NI	NI	Worse angina		Headache		CNS		GI		Edema
Author	Year	No. CA	CA	No. NI	NI	BB	NI	BB	NI	BB	NI	BB	NI	BB	NI
Krepp	1991	15	Bupranolol	15	Isosorbide mononitrate			2	4
van de Ven	1995	30	Bisoprolol	30	Isosorbide mononitrate				10				1

Bookshelf ID: NBK33057

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