NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Myers ER, Barber MW, Couchman GM, et al. Management of Uterine Fibroids. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2001 Jul. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 34.)

Cover
  • This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Bibliography

  1. Abramovici H, Dirnfeld M, Auslander R, et al Pregnancies following treatment by GnRH-a (Decapeptyl) and myomectomy in infertile women with uterine leiomyomata Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 199439(3):150–5. [PubMed: 7920751]
  2. Abulafia O, Sherer DM Transcatheter uterine artery embolization for the management of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol Surv 199954(12):745–53. [PubMed: 10596395]
  3. Acien P, Quereda F Abdominal myomectomy: results of a simple operative technique Fertil Steril 199665(1):41–51. [PubMed: 8557153]
  4. Adamson GD Treatment of uterine fibroids: current findings with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992166(2):746–51. [PubMed: 1531577]
  5. Adamson GD Myomectomy, GnRH analogs, and adhesions. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1993;381:155–85. [PubMed: 8316560]
  6. Adamson GD Myoma: Laparoscopic hysterectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 199671(1):179–207.
  7. Adashi EY Long-term gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy: The evolving issue of steroidal ‘add-back’ paradigms Hum Reprod 19949(7):1380–97. [PubMed: 7962453]
  8. Aharoni A, Reiter A, Golan D, et al Patterns of growth of uterine leiomyomas during pregnancy. A prospective longitudinal study Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198895(5):510–3. [PubMed: 3042016]
  9. Akagbosu FT Audit of abdominal hysterectomies at University of Benin Teaching Hospital 1981-1987 J Obstet Gynaecol 199616(5):406–8.
  10. Akkad AA, Habiba MA, Ismail N, et al Abnormal uterine bleeding on hormone replacement: the importance of intrauterine structural abnormalities Obstet Gynecol 199586(3):330–4. [PubMed: 7651636]
  11. Aleandri V, Benagiano G Report on a conference on developments in the treatment of benign gynecological disorders Gynecol Endocrinol 19926(4):301–9. [PubMed: 1492588]
  12. Aleem FA, Predanic M The hemodynamic effect of GnRH agonist therapy on uterine leiomyoma vascularity: a prospective study using transvaginal color Doppler sonography Gynecol Endocrinol 19959(3):253–8. [PubMed: 8540296]
  13. Alexander DA, Naji AA, Pinion SB, et al Randomised trial comparing hysterectomy with endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: psychiatric and psychosocial aspects BMJ 1996312(7026):280–4. [PMC free article: PMC2349907] [PubMed: 8611783]
  14. Alexander E Uterine leiomyoma: problems during pregnancy Kansas Med 198889(3):77–8. [PubMed: 3285065]
  15. Altchek A Management of fibroids Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19924(3):463–71. [PubMed: 1535799]
  16. Surgical alternatives to hysterectomy in the management of leiomyomas. ACOG Pract Bull. 2000;16:1–13.
  17. Amirikia H, Zarewych B, Evans TN Caesarean section: a 15-year review of changing incidence, indications, and risks Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981140(1):81–90. [PubMed: 7223816]
  18. Andersen J, Barbieri RL Abnormal gene expression in uterine leiomyomas J Soc Gynecol Invest 19952(5):663–72. [PubMed: 9420873]
  19. Anderson RN United States Life Tables, 1997. National Vital Statistics Reports, Vol. 47, No. 28. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics, 1999. [PubMed: 10635683]
  20. Andrei B Myomectomy by pelvicoscopy Int Surg 199681(3):271–5. [PubMed: 9028988]
  21. Andrei B, Crovini G, Rosi A Uterine myomas: Pelviscopic treatment Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199926(1):44–6. [PubMed: 10490357]
  22. Andreyko JL, Blumenfeld Z, Marshall LA, et al Use of an agonistic analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (nafarelin) to treat leiomyomas: assessment by magnetic resonance imaging Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988158(4):903–10. [PubMed: 2966587]
  23. Anonymous Goserelin pretreatment eases hysterectomy for the removal of uterine fibroids Hosp Formulary 199126(5):–.
  24. Anonymous Goserelin pretreatment facilitates fibroid surgery Female Patient 199116(2):–.
  25. Anonymous Recurrence of fibroids after myomectomy Lancet 1991338(8766):–. [PubMed: 1678808]
  26. Anonymous Prophylaxis of pelvic sidewall adhesions with Gore-Tex surgical membrane: a multicenter clinical investigation. The Surgical Membrane Study Group Fertil Steril 199257(4):921–3. [PubMed: 1555708]
  27. Anonymous Prevalence and anatomical distribution of endometriosis in women with selected gynaecological conditions: results from a multicentric Italian study. Gruppo italiano per lo studio dell'endometriosi Hum Reprod 19949(6):1158–62. [PubMed: 7962393]
  28. Anonymous Uterine leiomyomata Int J Gynecol Obstet 199446(1):73–82.
  29. Anonymous Effects of estrogen or estrogen/progestin regimens on heart disease risk factors in postmenopausal women The Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial. The Writing Group for the PEPI Trial [published erratum appears in JAMA 1995 Dec 6;274(21):1676] JAMA 1995273(3):199–208. [PubMed: 7807658]
  30. Anonymous Drugs in the peri-operative period: 3-Hormonal contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy Drug Ther Bull 199937(10):78–80. [PubMed: 10696684]
  31. Anteby SO, Yarkoni S, Ever Hadani P The effect of a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indomethacin, on excessive uterine bleeding Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 198512(3-4):60–3. [PubMed: 4064305]
  32. Arcaini L, Federici D, Muggiasca L, et al Hysteroscopic myomectomy Minim Invasive Ther 19943(4):203–5.
  33. Arcangeli S, Pasquarette MM Gravid uterine rupture after myolysis Obstet Gynecol 199789(5 II Suppl.):–. [PubMed: 9166351]
  34. Arieff AI, Ayus JC Endometrial ablation complicated by fatal hyponatremic encephalopathy JAMA 1993270(10):1230–2. [PubMed: 8355387]
  35. Ashraf T Management of uterine leiomyomas J Coll Phys Surg Pakistan 19977(4):160–2.
  36. Aslan P, Brooks A, Drummond M, et al Incidence and management of gynaecological-related ureteric injuries Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199939(2):178–81. [PubMed: 10755773]
  37. Audebert AJ, Madenelat P, Querleu D, et al Deferred versus immediate surgery for uterine fibroids: clinical trial results Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(Suppl 10):29–32. [PubMed: 8199102]
  38. Averette HE, Nguyen HN The role of prophylactic oophorectomy in cancer prevention Gynecol Oncol 199455(3 Pt 2):S38–41. [PubMed: 7835808]
  39. Ayala AR, Meza E, Cervera Aguilar R, et al Effect of insuflated Nafarelin (D-Nal-6-GnRH) upon uterine leiomyomata. Arch Med Res. 1995;26:S23–S26. [PubMed: 8845654]
  40. Ayida G, Chamberlain P, Barlow D, et al Uterine cavity assessment prior to in vitro fertilization: comparison of transvaginal scanning, saline contrast hysterosonography and hysteroscopy Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 199710(1):59–62. [PubMed: 9263425]
  41. Ayida G, Chamberlain P, Barlow D, et al Is routine diagnostic laparoscopy for infertility still justified? A pilot study assessing the use of hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography and magnetic resonance imaging Hum Reprod 199712(7):1436–9. [PubMed: 9262273]
  42. Babaknia A, Rock JA, Jones HW Jr Pregnancy success following abdominal myomectomy for infertility Fertil Steril 197830(6):644–7. [PubMed: 729825]
  43. Baggish MS, Sze EHM, Morgan G Hysteroscopic treatment of symptomatic submucous myomata uteri with the Nd:YAG laser J Gynecol Surg 19895(1):27–36.
  44. Bakker C, van der Linden S Health related utility measurement: an introduction J Rheumatol 199522(6):1197–9. [PubMed: 7674256]
  45. Balasch J, Manau D, Mimo J, et al Sequential gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist/low-dose oral contraceptive treatment for leiomyomata uteri Hum Reprod 199510(3):529–32. [PubMed: 7782427]
  46. Balasch J, Manau D, Mimo J, et al Trial of routine gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment before abdominal hysterectomy for leiomyoma Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199574(7):562–5. [PubMed: 7618457]
  47. Ballard LA, Walters MD Transvaginal mobilization and removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes after vaginal hysterectomy Obstet Gynecol 199687(1):35–9. [PubMed: 8532262]
  48. Barbieri RL Abdominal myomectomy is a safe and effective treatment for uterine leiomyomata J Gynecol Tech 19984(3):85–7.
  49. Barbieri RL Ambulatory management of uterine leiomyomata Clin Obstet Gynecol 199942(2):196–205. [PubMed: 10370841]
  50. Barbieri RL, Dilena M, Chumas J, et al Leuprolide acetate depot decreases the number of nucleolar organizer regions in uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 199360(3):569–70. [PubMed: 8375543]
  51. Bassaw K, Gangar K, Lumbiganon P, et al Protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on surgically treated uterine leiomyomas: a multicentre case-control study (multiple letters) Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997104(6):758–9. [PubMed: 9197894]
  52. Benagiano G, Kivinen ST, Fadini R, et al Zoladex (goserelin acetate) and the anemic patient: results of a multicenter fibroid study Fertil Steril 199666(2):223–9. [PubMed: 8690106]
  53. Benagiano G, Morini A, Aleandri V, et al Sequential Gn-RH superagonist and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment of uterine leiomyomata Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199033(4):333–43. [PubMed: 1979288]
  54. Benagiano G, Morini A, Primiero FM Fibroids: Overview of current and future treatment options Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992. (Suppl. 7):18–22. [PubMed: 1554684]
  55. Ben-Baruch G, Schiff E, Menashe Y, et al Immediate and late outcome of vaginal myomectomy for prolapsed pedunculated submucous myoma. Obstet Gynecol. 1988;72:858–61. [PubMed: 3186093]
  56. Bennett KL, Ohrmundt C, Maloni JA Preventing intravasation in women undergoing hysteroscopic procedures AORN J 199664(5):792–9. [PubMed: 8922218]
  57. Berkeley AS, DeCherney AH, Polan ML Abdominal myomectomy and subsequent fertility Surg Gynecol Obstet 1983156(3):319–22. [PubMed: 6828976]
  58. Bernard G, Darai E, Poncelet C, et al Fertility after hysteroscopic myomectomy: effect of intramural myomas associated Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 200088(1):85–90. [PubMed: 10659923]
  59. Bernhard LA Consequences of hysterectomy in the lives of women Health Care Women Internat 199213(3):281–91. [PubMed: 1399868]
  60. Beyth Y Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment should not precede conservative myomectomy Fertil Steril 199053(1):187–8. [PubMed: 2403936]
  61. Bhattacharya S, Mollison J, Pinion S, et al A comparison of bladder and ovarian function two years following hysterectomy or endometrial ablation [published erratum appears in Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996 Dec;103(12):1273] Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(9):898–903. [PubMed: 8813310]
  62. Bianchi G, Costantini S, Anserini P, et al Effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist on uterine fibroids and bone density Maturitas 198911(3):179–85. [PubMed: 2512467]
  63. Bianchi S, Fedele L, Vignali M, et al Effects on bone mineral density of 12-month goserelin treatment in over 40-year-old women with uterine myomas Calcif Tissue Int 199557(1):78–80. [PubMed: 7671171]
  64. Biberoglu K, Gursoy R, Yildiz A Treatment of estrogen-dependent gynecological disorders with the gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist buserelin Gynecol Endocrinol 19915(2):109–22. [PubMed: 1833953]
  65. Bischof P, Galfetti MA, Seydoux J, et al Peripheral CA 125 levels in patients with uterine fibroids Hum Reprod 19927(1):35–8. [PubMed: 1532397]
  66. Borgfeldt C, Andolf E Transvaginal ultrasonographic findings in the uterus and the endometrium: low prevalence of leiomyoma in a random sample of women age 25-40 years Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 200079(3):202–7. [PubMed: 10716301]
  67. Botsis D, Kassanos D, Antoniou G, et al Adenomyoma and leiomyoma: Differential diagnosis with transvaginal sonography J Clin Ultrasound 199726(1):21–5. [PubMed: 9475204]
  68. Botvin MA, Pobedinskii NM, Zuev VM, et al Biocompatible polymer materials for conservative uterine plastic surgery Bio-Med Engineering 199428(3):165–7.
  69. Boyd ME Myomectomy Can J Surg 198629(3):161–3. [PubMed: 3518894]
  70. Bradham DD, Stovall TG, Thompson CD Use of GnRH agonist before hysterectomy: a cost simulation Obstet Gynecol 199585(3):401–6. [PubMed: 7862380]
  71. Breuiller-Fouche M, Vacher-Lavenu MC, Fournier T, et al Endothelin(A) receptors in human uterine leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199790(5):727–30. [PubMed: 9351753]
  72. Brill AI What is the role of hysteroscopy in the management of abnormal uterine bleeding? Clin Obstet Gynecol 199538(2):319–45. [PubMed: 7554600]
  73. Broder MS, Kanouse DE, Mittman BS, et al The appropriateness of recommendations for hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:199–205. [PubMed: 10674580]
  74. Broekmans FJ GnRH agonists and uterine leiomyomas Hum Reprod 199611(Suppl 3):3–25. [PubMed: 9147098]
  75. Broekmans FJ, Heitbrink MA, Hompes PG, et al Quantitative MRI of uterine leiomyomas during triptorelin treatment: reproducibility of volume assessment and predictability of treatment response Magn Reson Imaging 199614(10):1127–35. [PubMed: 9065902]
  76. Broekmans FJ, Hompes PG, Heitbrink MA, et al Two-step gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment of uterine leiomyomas: standard-dose therapy followed by reduced-dose therapy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996175(5):1208–16. [PubMed: 8942490]
  77. Brooks PG Resectoscopic myoma vaporizer J Reprod Med 199540(11):791–5. [PubMed: 8592315]
  78. Brooks PG, Loffer FD, Serden SP Resectoscopic removal of symptomatic intrauterine lesions J Reprod Med 198934(7):435–7. [PubMed: 2769651]
  79. Brosens I, Deprest J, Dal Cin P, et al Clinical significance of cytogenetic abnormalities in uterine myomas Fertil Steril 199869(2):232–5. [PubMed: 9496334]
  80. Brosens I, Johannisson E, Dal Cin P, et al Analysis of the karyotype and desoxyribonucleic acid content of uterine myomas in premenopausal, menopausal, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-treated females Fertil Steril 199666(3):376–9. [PubMed: 8751732]
  81. Brown D, Fletcher HM, Myrie MO, et al Caesarean myomectomy -- A safe procedure. A retrospective case controlled study J Obstet Gynaecol 199919(2):139–41. [PubMed: 15512253]
  82. Brown JS, Seeley DG, Fong J, et al Urinary incontinence in older women: who is at risk? Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group Obstet Gynecol 199687(5 Pt 1):715–21. [PubMed: 8677073]
  83. Bulletti C, Polli V, Negrini V, et al Adhesion formation after laparoscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19963(4):533–6. [PubMed: 9050684]
  84. Burn P, McCall J, Chinn R, et al Embolization of uterine fibroids Br J Radiol 199972(854):159–61. [PubMed: 10365066]
  85. Burton CA, Grimes DA, March CM Surgical management of leiomyomata during pregnancy Obstet Gynecol 198974(5):707–9. [PubMed: 2812645]
  86. Bush TL, Barrett-Connor E, Cowan LD, et al Cardiovascular mortality and noncontraceptive use of estrogen in women: results from the Lipid Research Clinics Program Follow-up Study Circulation 198775(6):1102–9. [PubMed: 3568321]
  87. Buttram VC Jr, Reiter RC Uterine leiomyomata: Etiology, symptomatology, and management Fertil Steril 198136(4):433–45. [PubMed: 7026295]
  88. Cagnacci A, Paoletti AM, Soldani R, et al Role of goserelin-depot in the clinical management of uterine fibroids Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199421(4):263–5. [PubMed: 7994879]
  89. Caird LE, West CP, Lumsden MA, et al Medroxyprogesterone acetate with Zoladex for long-term treatment of fibroids: effects on bone density and patient acceptability Hum Reprod 199712(3):436–40. [PubMed: 9130735]
  90. Candiani GB, Fedele L, Parazzini F, et al Risk of recurrence after myomectomy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199198(4):385–9. [PubMed: 2031897]
  91. Candiani GB, Vercellini P, Fedele L, et al Use of goserelin depot, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, for the treatment of menorrhagia and severe anemia in women with leiomyomata uteri Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199069(5):413–5. [PubMed: 2148663]
  92. Cano A, Aliaga R, Puertolas C, et al Influence of the ovary on parameters of LH secretion during the recovery from buserelin-induced desensitization Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199455(3):187–92. [PubMed: 7958164]
  93. Cantuaria GH, Angioli R, Frost L, et al Comparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound examination before hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma Obstet Gynecol 199892(1):109–12. [PubMed: 9649104]
  94. Carlson KJ, Miller BA, Fowler FJ Jr The Maine Women's Health Study: I. Outcomes of hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol 1994a;83(4):556-65. [PubMed: 8134066]
  95. Carlson KJ, Miller BA, Fowler FJ Jr The Maine Women's Health Study: II. Outcomes of nonsurgical management of leiomyomas, abnormal bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain Obstet Gynecol 1994b83(4):566–72. [PubMed: 8134067]
  96. Carlsson S, Kullander S In vivo localization and turnover of radio-iodinated HCG in women with myomas and in nude mice with ovarian tumor heterografts Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198160(3):287–90. [PubMed: 7270098]
  97. Carr BR, Marshburn PB, Weatherall PT, et al An evaluation of the effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and medroxyprogesterone acetate on uterine leiomyomata volume by magnetic resonance imaging: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199376(5):1217–23. [PubMed: 8496313]
  98. Carter JE Combined hysteroscopic and laparoscopic findings in patients with chronic pelvic pain J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19942(1):43–7. [PubMed: 9050532]
  99. Carter JE, McCarus SD Laparoscopic myomectomy: time and cost analysis of power vs. manual morcellation J Reprod Med 199742(7):383–8. [PubMed: 9252927]
  100. Cerny E, Bucek J Inflammatory changes in uterine leiomyomas Scripta Medica Facultatis Medicae Universitatis Brunensis Masarykianae 199669(7):361–5.
  101. Cetin MT, Vardar MA, Demir SC, et al Administration of preoperative gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (buserelin) for uterine leiomyomas Ann Med Sci 19954(2):102–8.
  102. Challener RC, Kaufman B Fatal venous air embolism following sequential unsheathed (bare) and sheathed quartz fiber Nd:YAG laser endometrial ablation Anesthesiology 199073(3):548–51. [PubMed: 2393141]
  103. Chang FH, Soong YK, Cheng PJ, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy of large symptomatic leiomyoma using airlift gasless laparoscopy: a preliminary report Hum Reprod 199611(7):1427–32. [PubMed: 8671480]
  104. Chapman R Treatment of uterine myomas by interstitial hyperthermia Gynaecol Endoscopy 19932(4):227–34.
  105. Chapman R Low power interstitial photocoagulation of uterine leiomyomas by KTP/NAG laser Lasers Med Sci 19949(1):37–46.
  106. Chapman R Treatment of large uterine fibroids Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997104(7):867–8. [PubMed: 9236660]
  107. Chapman R New therapeutic technique for treatment of uterine leiomyomas using laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) by a minimally invasive method Lasers Surg Med 199822(3):171–8. [PubMed: 9510102]
  108. Chapman R Successful pregnancies following laser-induced interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) for treatment of large uterine leiomyomas by a minimally invasive method Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199877(10):1024–5. [PubMed: 9849850]
  109. Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, et al Diet and uterine myomas Obstet Gynecol 199994(3):395–8. [PubMed: 10472866]
  110. Chiaffarino F, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C, et al Use of oral contraceptives and uterine fibroids: Results from a case-control study Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999106(8):857–60. [PubMed: 10453838]
  111. Chiang CH, Chang MY, Hsu JJ, et al Tumor vascular pattern and blood flow impedance in the differential diagnosis of leiomyoma and adenomyosis by color Doppler sonography J Assist Reprod Genet 199916(5):268–75. [PMC free article: PMC3455709] [PubMed: 10335475]
  112. Chong RK, Thong PH, Tan SL, et al Myomectomy: indications, results of surgery and relation to fertility Singapore Med J 198829(1):35–7. [PubMed: 3406762]
  113. Chrisp P, Goa KL Goserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and clinical use in sex hormone-related conditions Drugs 199141(2):254–88. [PubMed: 1709853]
  114. Christiansen JK The facts about fibroids: Presentation and latest management options Postgrad Med 199394(3):129–32, 134, 137. [PubMed: 8361939]
  115. Chung TKH, Chan MYM, Stock AI Myomectomy in the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994191(1):73–4. [PubMed: 8297876]
  116. Cicinelli E, Romano F, Anastasio PS, et al Transabdominal sonohysterography, transvaginal sonography, and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of submucous myomas Obstet Gynecol 199585(1):42–7. [PubMed: 7800322]
  117. Cirkel U, Ochs H, Roehl A, et al Estrogen and progesterone receptor content of enucleated uterine myomata after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. Analogue depot therapy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199473(4):328–32. [PubMed: 8160541]
  118. Cirkel U, Ochs H, Schneider HP, et al Experience with leuprorelin acetate depot in the treatment of fibroids: a German multicentre study Clin Ther 199214(Suppl A):37–50. [PubMed: 1606593]
  119. Cittadini E Laparoscopic myomectomy: The Italian experience J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19985(1):7–9. [PubMed: 9454869]
  120. Clarke A, Black N, Rowe P, et al Indications for and outcome of total abdominal hysterectomy for benign disease: a prospective cohort study Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995102(8):611–20. [PubMed: 7654638]
  121. Coddington CC, Brzyski R, Hansen KA, et al Short term treatment with leuprolide acetate is a successful adjunct to surgical therapy of leiomyomas of the uterus Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992175(1):57–63. [PubMed: 1621201]
  122. Cohen D, Mazur MT, Jozefczyk MA, et al Hyalinization and cellular changes in uterine leiomyomata after gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy J Reprod Med 199439(5):377–80. [PubMed: 7520497]
  123. Cohen LS, Valle RF Role of vaginal sonography and hysterosonography in the endoscopic treatment of uterine myomas Fertil Steril 200073(2):197–204. [PubMed: 10685515]
  124. Cohen O, Schindel B, Homburg R Uterine leiomyomata -- A feature of acromegaly Hum Reprod 199813(7):1945–6. [PubMed: 9740454]
  125. Colacurci N, DeFranciscis P, Cobellis L, et al Effects of hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal uterine myoma. Maturitas. 2000;35:167–73. [PubMed: 10924843]
  126. Colditz GA, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, et al Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women N Engl J Med 1987316(18):1105–10. [PubMed: 3574358]
  127. Colgan TJ, Pendergast S, LeBlanc M The histopathology of uterine leiomyomas following treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues Hum Pathol 199324(10):1073–7. [PubMed: 8406417]
  128. Connelly CS, Panush RS Should nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs be stopped before elective surgery? Arch Intern Med 1991151(10):1963–6. [PubMed: 1929684]
  129. Coppen A, Bishop M, Beard RJ, et al Hysterectomy, hormones, and behaviour. A prospective study Lancet 19811(8212):126–8. [PubMed: 6109801]
  130. Cornelison TL, Natarajan N, Piver MS, et al Tubal ligation and the risk of ovarian carcinoma. Cancer Detect Prev. 1997;21:1–6. [PubMed: 9043756]
  131. Coronado GD, Marshall LM, Schwartz SM Complications in pregnancy, labor, and delivery with uterine leiomyomas: a population-based study. Obstet Gynecol. 2000;95:764–9. [PubMed: 10775744]
  132. Corson SL Hysteroscopic diagnosis and operative therapy of submucous myoma Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):739–55. [PubMed: 8786879]
  133. Corson SL, Brooks PG Resectoscopic myomectomy Fertil Steril 199155(6):1041–4. [PubMed: 2037101]
  134. Costantini S, Anserini P, Valenzano M, et al Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog therapy of uterine fibroid: analysis of results obtained with buserelin administered intranasally and goserelin administered subcutaneously as a monthly depot Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199037(1):63–9. [PubMed: 2142921]
  135. Coulam CB, Adamson SC, Annegers JF Incidence of premature ovarian failure Obstet Gynecol 198667(4):604–6. [PubMed: 3960433]
  136. Councell RB, Thorp JM Jr, Sandridge DA, et al Assessments of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19942(1):49–56. [PubMed: 9147858]
  137. Courban D, Blank S, Harris MA, et al Acute renal failure in the first trimester resulting from uterine leiomyomas Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997177(2):472–3. [PubMed: 9290476]
  138. Coutinho EM Gestrinone in the treatment of myomas. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl. 1989;150:39–46. [PubMed: 2694740]
  139. Coutinho EM Treatment of large fibroids with high doses of gestrinone Gynecol Obstet Invest 199030(1):44–7. [PubMed: 2227612]
  140. Coutinho EM, Boulanger GA, Goncalves MT Regression of uterine leiomyomas after treatment with gestrinone, an antiestrogen, antiprogesterone Am J Obstet Gynecol 1986155(4):761–7. [PubMed: 3532799]
  141. Coutinho EM, Goncalves MT Long-term treatment of leiomyomas with gestrinone Fertil Steril 198951(6):939–46. [PubMed: 2656310]
  142. Cramer SF, Horiszny JA, Leppert P Epidemiology of uterine leiomyomas. With an etiologic hypothesis J Reprod Med 199540(8):595–600. [PubMed: 7473458]
  143. Cramer SF, Patel A The frequency of uterine leiomyomas Am J Clin Pathol 199094(4):435–8. [PubMed: 2220671]
  144. Cramer SF, Patel A Myometrial hyperplasia: proposed criteria for a discrete morphological entity Modern Pathology 19958(1):71–7. [PubMed: 7731945]
  145. Cravello L, D'Ercole C, Boubli L, et al Hysteroscopic treatment of uterine fibroids J Gynecol Surg 199511(4):227–32.
  146. Cravello L, Farnarier J, De Montgolfier R, et al Hysteroscopic resection of fibroids: results with a 6-year follow-up period J Gynecol Surg 199915(1):1–5.
  147. Criqui MH, Suarez L, Barrett-Connor E, et al Postmenopausal estrogen use and mortality. Results from a prospective study in a defined, homogeneous community Am J Epidemiol 1988128(3):606–14. [PubMed: 3414664]
  148. Crosignani PG, Vercellini P, Apolone G, et al Endometrial resection versus vaginal hysterectomy for menorrhagia: long-term clinical and quality-of-life outcomes Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997177(1):95–101. [PubMed: 9240590]
  149. Crosignani PG, Vercellini P, Meschia M, et al GnRH agonists before surgery for uterine leiomyomas: A review J Reprod Med 199641(6):415–21. [PubMed: 8799917]
  150. Crow J, Gardner RL, McSweeney G, et al Morphological changes in uterine leiomyomas treated by GnRH agonist goserelin Int J Gynecol Pathol 199514(3):235–42. [PubMed: 8600075]
  151. Cruikshank SH, Kovac SR Randomized comparison of three surgical methods used at the time of vaginal hysterectomy to prevent posterior enterocele Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999180(4):859–65. [PubMed: 10203653]
  152. D'Addato F, Repinto A, Andreoli C Pre-surgical treatment of uterine myomas with LH-RH agonists Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199219(1):45–50. [PubMed: 1535032]
  153. Daly JW, Higgins KA Injury to the ureter during gynecologic surgical procedures Surg Gynecol Obstet 1988167(1):19–22. [PubMed: 3381180]
  154. Daniell J Argon beam coagulator for laparoscopic myomectomy Gynaecol Endoscopy 19954(3):219–22.
  155. Daniell JF, Gurley LD Laparoscopic treatment of clinically significant symptomatic uterine fibroids J Gynecol Surg 19917(1):37–40.
  156. Darai E, Dechaud H, Benifla JL, et al Fertility after laparoscopic myomectomy: preliminary results Hum Reprod 199712(9):1931–4. [PubMed: 9363709]
  157. Davies A Treatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist before hysterectomy for leiomyomas: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial [letter] Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999106(7):751–2. [PubMed: 10428541]
  158. Davies A, Hart R, Magos AL The excision of uterine fibroids by vaginal myomectomy: a prospective study Fertil Steril 199971(5):961–4. [PubMed: 10231066]
  159. Davies A, O'Connor H, Magos AL A prospective study to evaluate oophorectomy at the time of vaginal hysterectomy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(9):915–20. [PubMed: 8813313]
  160. Davies A, Vizza E, Bournas N, et al How to increase the proportion of hysterectomies performed vaginally Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998179(4):1008–12. [PubMed: 9790389]
  161. Davis JL, Ray-Mazumder S, Hobel CJ, et al Uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy: a prospective study Obstet Gynecol 199075(1):41–4. [PubMed: 2296420]
  162. Davis KM, Schlaff WD Medical management of uterine fibromyomata Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):727–38. [PubMed: 8786878]
  163. Dawood MY Dysmenorrhea J Reprod Med 198530(3):154–67. [PubMed: 3158737]
  164. de Aloysio D, Altieri P, Penacchioni P, et al Bleeding patterns in recent postmenopausal outpatients with uterine myomas: Comparison between two regimens of HRT Maturitas 199829(3):261–4. [PubMed: 9699198]
  165. de Aloysio D, Altieri P, Pretolani G, et al The combined effect of a GnRH analog in premenopause plus postmenopausal estrogen deficiency for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas in perimenopausal women Gynecol Obstet Invest 199539(2):115–9. [PubMed: 7737580]
  166. De Blok S, Dijkman AB, Hemrika DJ Transcervical resection of fibroids (TCRM): results related to hysteroscopic classification Gynaecol Endoscopy 19964(4):243–6.
  167. De Blok S, Wamsteker K Hysteroscopic surgery: possibilities, limitations and future Reprod Med Rev 19954(2):101–13.
  168. De Leo V, la Marca A, Morgante G Short-term treatment of uterine fibromyomas with danazol Gynecol Obstet Invest 199947(4):258–62. [PubMed: 10352389]
  169. De Leo V, Morgante G, Lanzetta D, et al Danazol administration after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue reduces rebound of uterine myomas [published erratum appears in Hum Reprod 1998 Mar; 13(3):780] Hum Reprod 199712(2):357–60. [PubMed: 9070725]
  170. De Lia JE, Michelin DP, Johnson SC, et al Cherney versus midline vertical incision for myomectomy or hysterectomy of a significantly enlarged uterus Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995173(6):1714–8. [PubMed: 8610750]
  171. De Salvia D, Bertasi M, Fiscon D Myomas in pregnancy J Gynaecol Endocrinol 19884(1-4):42–4.
  172. de Souza NM, Brosens JJ, Schwieso JE, et al The potential value of magnetic resonance imaging in infertility Clin Radiol 199550(2):75–9. [PubMed: 7867272]
  173. Dekel A, Farhi J, Levy T, et al Pre-operative ultrasonographic evaluation of nongravid, enlarged uteri -- Correlation with bimanual examination Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199880(2):205–7. [PubMed: 9846670]
  174. DeLancey JOL A modified technique for hemostasis during myomectomy Surg Gynecol Obstet 1992174(2):153–4. [PubMed: 1734575]
  175. Deligdisch L, Hirschmann S, Altchek A Pathologic changes in gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist analogue treated uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 199767(5):837–41. [PubMed: 9130887]
  176. Demopoulos RI, Jones KY, Mittal KR, et al Histology of leiomyomata in patients treated with leuprolide acetate Int J Gynecol Pathol 199716(2):131–7. [PubMed: 9100066]
  177. Deprest JA, Munro MG, Koninckx PR Review on laparoscopic hysterectomy Zentralbl Gynakol 1995117(12):641–51. [PubMed: 8585359]
  178. Dequesne J, Schmidt N Laser hysteroscopic treatment of uterine fibroids References En Gynecologie Obstetrique 19964(3):251–6.
  179. Derman SG, Rehnstrom J, Neuwirth RS The long-term effectiveness of hysteroscopic treatment of menorrhagia and leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199177(4):591–4. [PubMed: 2002983]
  180. Dgani R, Piura B, Ben-Baruch G, et al Clinical-pathological study of uterine leiomyomas with high mitotic activity Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199877(1):74–7. [PubMed: 9492723]
  181. Diamond MP, Bieber E, Coddington C, et al Reduction of adhesions after uterine myomectomy by Seprafilm membrane (HAL-F): A blinded, prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical study Fertil Steril 199666(6):904–10. [PubMed: 8941053]
  182. Dicker D, Dekel A, Orvieto R, et al The controversy of laparoscopic myomectomy Hum Reprod 199611(5):935–7. [PubMed: 8815068]
  183. Dicker D, Feldberg D, Dekel A, et al The management of prolapsed submucous fibroids Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 198626(4):308–11. [PubMed: 3470001]
  184. Dicker RC, Scally MJ, Greenspan JR, et al Hysterectomy among women of reproductive age. Trends in the United States, 1970-1978 JAMA 1982248(3):323–7. [PubMed: 7087126]
  185. Dickersin K, Scherer R, Lefebvre C Identifying relevant studies for systematic reviews. [Review] BMJ 1994309(6964):1286–91. [PMC free article: PMC2541778] [PubMed: 7718048]
  186. Dildy GA 3d, Moise KJ Jr, Smith LG Jr, et al Indomethacin for the treatment of symptomatic leiomyoma uteri during pregnancy Am J Perinatol 19929(3):185–9. [PubMed: 1374254]
  187. Diokno AC, Brock BM, Herzog AR, et al Medical correlates of urinary incontinence in the elderly Urology 199036(2):129–38. [PubMed: 2385880]
  188. Dodson MG Use of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing the etiology of menometrorrhagia J Reprod Med 199439(5):362–72. [PubMed: 8064703]
  189. Donnez J, Gillerot S, Bourgonjon D, et al Neodymium: YAG laser hysteroscopy in large submucous fibroids Fertil Steril 199054(6):999–1003. [PubMed: 2245860]
  190. Donnez J, Mathieu PE, Bassil S, et al Fibroids: management and treatment: the state of the art Hum Reprod 199611(9):1837–40. [PubMed: 8921049]
  191. Donnez J, Nisolle M, Clerckx F, et al Advanced endoscopic techniques used in dysfunctional bleeding, fibroids and endometriosis, and the role of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(Suppl 10):2–9. [PubMed: 8199099]
  192. Donnez J, Nisolle M, Grandjean P, et al The place of GnRH agonists in the treatment of endometriosis and fibroids by advanced endoscopic techniques Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199299(Suppl 7):31–3. [PubMed: 1532508]
  193. Donnez J, Polet R, Smets M, et al Hysteroscopic myomectomy Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19957(4):311–6. [PubMed: 7578973]
  194. Donnez J, Schrurs B, Gillerot S, et al Treatment of uterine fibroids with implants of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: assessment by hysterography Fertil Steril 198951(6):947–50. [PubMed: 2498131]
  195. Dover RW, Powell MC Imaging leiomyomas prior to endoscopic surgery: the role of magnetic resonance imaging Gynaecol Endoscopy 19998(4):197–203.
  196. Downes KA, Hart WR Bizarre leiomyomas of the uterus: a comprehensive pathologic study of 24 cases with long-term follow-up Am J Surg Pathol 199721(11):1261–70. [PubMed: 9351564]
  197. Dubinsky TJ, Parvey HR, Maklad N The role of transvaginal sonography and endometrial biopsy in the evaluation of peri- and postmenopausal bleeding Am J Roentgenol 1997169(1):145–9. [PubMed: 9207515]
  198. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C Laparoscopic myomectomy. Operative procedure and results. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1994;734:450–4. [PubMed: 7978947]
  199. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C Laparoscopic myomectomy and myolysis Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19959(4):717–28. [PubMed: 8821250]
  200. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C Laparoscopic myomectomy today. A good technique when correctly indicated Hum Reprod 199611(5):934–5. [PubMed: 8815067]
  201. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C Uterine fibroids: place and modalities of laparoscopic treatment Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199665(1):91–4. [PubMed: 8706965]
  202. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C, Chavet X, et al Fertility after laparoscopic myomectomy of large intramural myomas: preliminary results Hum Reprod 199611(3):518–22. [PubMed: 8671257]
  203. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C, Fauconnier A Laparoscopic myomectomy: operative technique and results. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1997;828:326–31. [PubMed: 9329853]
  204. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C, Fauconnier A, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy and myolysis Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19979(4):233–8. [PubMed: 9263713]
  205. Dubuisson JB, Chapron C, Levy L Difficulties and complications of laparoscopic myomectomy J Gynecol Surg 199612(3):159–65.
  206. Dubuisson JB, Fauconnier A, Chapron C, et al Second look after laparoscopic myomectomy Hum Reprod 199813(8):2102–6. [PubMed: 9756277]
  207. Dubuisson JB, Lecuru F, Foulot H, et al Myomectomy by laparoscopy: a preliminary report of 43 cases Fertil Steril 199156(5):827–30. [PubMed: 1834484]
  208. Dubuisson JB, Lecuru F, Foulot H, et al Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist and laparoscopic myomectomy Clin Ther 199214(Suppl. A):51–6. [PubMed: 1535022]
  209. Dudiak CM, Turner DA, Patel SK, et al Uterine leiomyomas in the infertile patient: preoperative localization with MR imaging versus US and hysterosalpingography Radiology 1988167(3):627–30. [PubMed: 3283833]
  210. Dueholm M, Forman A, Ingerslev J Regression of residual tissue after incomplete resection of submucous myomas Gynaecol Endoscopy 19987(6):309–14.
  211. Duleba AJ, Spaczynski RZ Laparoscopic myomectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19978(3):399–415.
  212. Dunn TS, Stamm C, Delorit M, et al A key clinical pathway for the evaluation of women with abnormal uterine bleeding Obstet Gynecol 200095(4 Suppl 1):–.
  213. Dwyer N, Hutton J, Stirrat GM Randomised controlled trial comparing endometrial resection with abdominal hysterectomy for the surgical treatment of menorrhagia Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1993100(3):237–43. [PubMed: 8476829]
  214. Ecker JL, Foster JT, Friedman AJ Abdominal hysterectomy or abdominal myomectomy for symptomatic leiomyoma: a comparison of preoperative demography and postoperative morbidity. J Gynecol Surg. 1995;11:11–8.
  215. Egwuatu VE Fertility and fetal salvage among women with uterine leiomyomas in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital Int J Fertil 198934(5):341–6. [PubMed: 2571594]
  216. El Dosoky M, Dagestani M Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy in obese women J Obstet Gynaecol 199717(2):186–7. [PubMed: 15511818]
  217. Eldar-Geva T, Meagher S, Healy DL, et al Effect of intramural, subserosal, and submucosal uterine fibroids on the outcome of assisted reproductive technology treatment Fertil Steril 199870(4):687–91. [PubMed: 9797099]
  218. Ellis PK, Kidney DD, Deutsch LS Uterine arterial embolization in the management of symptomatic leiomyomata J Intervent Radiol 199813(1):16–9.
  219. Emanuel MH, Wamsteker K, Hart AAM, et al Long-term results of hysteroscopic myomectomy for abnormal uterine bleeding Obstet Gynecol 199993(5):743–8. [PubMed: 10912978]
  220. Emembolu JO Uterine fibromyomata: Presentation and management in northern Nigeria Int J Gynaecol Obstet 198725(5):413–6. [PubMed: 2889637]
  221. Englund K, Blanck A, Gustavsson I, et al Sex steroid receptors in human myometrium and fibroids: changes during the menstrual cycle and gonadotropin-releasing hormone treatment J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199883(11):4092–6. [PubMed: 9814497]
  222. Ettinger B, Genant HK, Cann CE Postmenopausal bone loss is prevented by treatment with low-dosage estrogen with calcium Ann Intern Med 1987106(1):40–5. [PubMed: 3789576]
  223. Everson SA, Matthews KA, Guzick DS, et al Effects of surgical menopause on psychological characteristics and lipid levels: the Healthy Women Study Health Psychol 199514(5):435–43. [PubMed: 7498115]
  224. Exacoustos C, Rosati P Ultrasound diagnosis of uterine myomas and complications in pregnancy Obstet Gynecol 199382(1):97–101. [PubMed: 8515934]
  225. Falsetti L, Mazzani MD, Rubessa S, et al Presurgical treatment of uterine fibroids by using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Acta Eur Fertil 199223(1):29–32. [PubMed: 1293897]
  226. Farghaly SA, Hindmarsh JR, Worth PH Post-hysterectomy urethral dysfunction: evaluation and management Br J Urol 198658(3):299–302. [PubMed: 3719250]
  227. Farhi J, Ashkenazi J, Feldberg D, et al Effect of uterine leiomyomata on the results of in-vitro fertilization treatment Hum Reprod 199510(10):2576–8. [PubMed: 8567773]
  228. Farmakides G, Stefanidis K, Paschopoulos M, et al Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry with leiomyomas Arch Gynecol Obstet 1998262(1-2):53–7. [PubMed: 9836000]
  229. Farquhar CM, Lethaby A, Sowter M, et al An evaluation of risk factors for endometrial hyperplasia in premenopausal women with abnormal menstrual bleeding Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999181(3):525–9. [PubMed: 10486458]
  230. Farquhar CM, Vandekerckhove P, Watson A, et al Barrier agents for preventing adhesions after surgery for subfertility [systematic review] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Library: Oxford, UK, 2000, Issue 1. 2000; (Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly). [PubMed: 10796548]
  231. Fauconnier A, Dubuisson J-B, Ancel P-Y, et al Prognostic factors of reproductive outcome after myomectomy in infertile patients Hum Reprod 200015(8):1751–7. [PubMed: 10920098]
  232. Febo G, Tessarolo M, Leo L, et al Surgical management of leiomyomata in pregnancy Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199724(2):76–8. [PubMed: 9342467]
  233. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Baglioni A, et al Intranasal buserelin versus surgery in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata: long-term follow-up Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199138(1):53–7. [PubMed: 1899079]
  234. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Dorta M, et al Transvaginal ultrasonography versus hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of uterine submucous myomas Obstet Gynecol 199177(5):745–8. [PubMed: 2014089]
  235. Fedele L, Bianchi S, Raffaelli R, et al A randomized study of the effects of tibolone and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with uterine myomas Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 200088(1):91–4. [PubMed: 10659924]
  236. Fedele L, Parazzini F, Luchini L, et al Recurrence of fibroids after myomectomy: a transvaginal ultrasonographic study Hum Reprod 199510(7):1795–6. [PubMed: 8582982]
  237. Fedele L, Vercellini P, Bianchi S, et al Treatment with GnRH agonists before myomectomy and the risk of short-term myoma recurrence Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199097(5):393–6. [PubMed: 2115379]
  238. Schoenberg Fejzo MS, Ashar HR, Krauter KS, et al Translocation breakpoints upstream of the HMGIC gene in uterine leiomyomata suggest dysregulation of this gene by a mechanism different from that in lipomas Genes Chromosomes Cancer 199617(1):1–6. [PubMed: 8889500]
  239. Fejzo MS, Yoon SJ, Montgomery KT, et al Identification of a YAC spanning the translocation breakpoints in uterine leiomyomata, pulmonary chondroid hamartoma, and lipoma: physical mapping of the 12q14-q15 breakpoint region in uterine leiomyomata Genomics 199526(2):265–71. [PubMed: 7601452]
  240. Felberbaum RE, Germer U, Ludwig M, et al Treatment of uterine fibroids with a slow-release formulation of the gonadotrophin releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix Hum Reprod 199813(6):1660–8. [PubMed: 9688409]
  241. Felice R, Bianco V, Magro B, et al Pattern of uterine fibroid volume response to a GnRH agonist during treatment and in a 12 months follow-up Ital J Gynaecol Obstet 19935(4):165–70.
  242. Fenwick DK, Divers MJ Medical pregnancy termination in the presence of a massive uterine fibroid Br J Clin Pract 199549(6):332–3. [PubMed: 8554964]
  243. Fernandez-Montoli ME, Diez-Gibert O, Samaniego JM, et al Total and unbound cytosolic estrogen and progesterone receptors in myometrium and fibroid after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment Fertil Steril 199563(3):522–7. [PubMed: 7851581]
  244. Fields KR, Neinstein LS Uterine myomas in adolescents: case reports and a review of the literature J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 19969(4):195–8. [PubMed: 8957774]
  245. Finikiotis G Hysteroscopy in infertility Clin Reprod Fertil 19864(4):241–51. [PubMed: 3779580]
  246. Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, et al Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care JAMA 2000283(19):2579–84. [PubMed: 10815125]
  247. Fletcher H, Frederick J, Hardie M, et al A randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet as hemostatic agents during myomectomy Obstet Gynecol 199687(6):1014–8. [PubMed: 8649682]
  248. Franklin R, Haney A, Kettel LM, et al An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene barrier (Gore-Tex surgical membrane) reduces post-myomectomy adhesion formation Fertil Steril 199563(3):491–3. [PubMed: 7851575]
  249. Franssen AM, Willemsen WN, Corbey RS, et al Subcutaneous injection or infusion of gonadotropin releasing-hormone agonist buserelin in the treatment of enlarged uteri harboring leiomyomata Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199140(3):221–8. [PubMed: 1908799]
  250. Fraser IS, Pearse C, Shearman RP, et al Efficacy of mefenamic acid in patients with a complaint of menorrhagia Obstet Gynecol 198158(5):543–51. [PubMed: 7029369]
  251. Frederick J, Fletcher H, Simeon D, et al Intramyometrial vasopressin as a haemostatic agent during myomectomy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(5):435–7. [PubMed: 8018617]
  252. Friedman AJ Treatment of leiomyomata uteri with short-term leuprolide followed by leuprolide plus estrogen-progestin hormone replacement therapy for 2 years: a pilot study Fertil Steril 198951(3):526–8. [PubMed: 2537769]
  253. Friedman AJ Leuprolide depot before myomectomy Fertil Steril 199053(6):1109–10. [PubMed: 2112497]
  254. Friedman AJ Treatment of uterine myomas with GnRH agonists Semin Reprod Endocrinol 199311(2):154–61.
  255. Friedman AJ Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists before myomectomy Clin Obstet Gynecol 199336(3):650–9. [PubMed: 8403611]
  256. Friedman AJ Treatment of uterine leiomyomas with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Endocrinologist 19955(1):61–7.
  257. Friedman AJ, Barbieri RL, Benacerraf BR, et al Treatment of leiomyomata with intranasal or subcutaneous leuprolide, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist Fertil Steril 198748(4):560–4. [PubMed: 3115833]
  258. Friedman AJ, Barbieri RL, Doubilet PM, et al A randomized, double-blind trial of a gonadotropin releasing-hormone agonist (leuprolide) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of leiomyomata uteri Fertil Steril 198849(3):404–9. [PubMed: 2963759]
  259. Friedman AJ, Daly M, Juneau-Norcross M, et al Recurrence of myomas after myomectomy in women pretreated with leuprolide acetate depot or placebo Fertil Steril 199258(1):205–8. [PubMed: 1624009]
  260. Friedman AJ, Daly M, Juneau-Norcross M, et al A prospective, randomized trial of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus estrogen-progestin or progestin "add-back" regimens for women with leiomyomata uteri J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199376(6):1439–45. [PubMed: 8501148]
  261. Friedman AJ, Daly M, Juneau-Norcross M, et al Long-term medical therapy for leiomyomata uteri: a prospective, randomized study of leuprolide acetate depot plus either oestrogen-progestin or progestin "add-back" for 2 years Hum Reprod 19949(9):1618–25. [PubMed: 7836510]
  262. Friedman AJ, Haas ST Should uterine size be an indication for surgical intervention in women with myomas? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993168(31):751–5. [PubMed: 8456874]
  263. Friedman AJ, Harrison-Atlas D, Barbieri RL, et al A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluating the efficacy of leuprolide acetate depot in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 198951(2):251–6. [PubMed: 2492232]
  264. Friedman AJ, Harrison-Atlas D, Barbieri RL, et al Gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog treatment should not precede conservative myomectomy Fertil Steril 199053(1):188–9. [PubMed: 2403936]
  265. Friedman AJ, Hoffman DI, Comite F, et al Treatment of leiomyomata uteri with leuprolide acetate depot: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. The Leuprolide Study Group Obstet Gynecol 199177(5):720–5. [PubMed: 1901638]
  266. Friedman AJ, Lobel SM, Rein MS, et al Efficacy and safety considerations in women with uterine leiomyomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists: the estrogen threshold hypothesis Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990163(4 Pt 1):1114–9. [PubMed: 2145765]
  267. Friedman AJ, Rein MS, Harrison-Atlas D, et al A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study evaluating leuprolide acetate depot treatment before myomectomy [published erratum appears in Fertil Steril 1990 Oct;54(4):749] Fertil Steril 198952(5):728–33. [PubMed: 2509250]
  268. Friedman AJ, Rein MS, Pandian MR, et al Fasting serum growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I and -II concentrations in women with leiomyomata uteri treated with leuprolide acetate or placebo Fertil Steril 199053(2):250–3. [PubMed: 2105242]
  269. Friedman AJ, Thomas PP Does low-dose combination oral contraceptive use affect uterine size or menstrual flow in premenopausal women with leiomyomas? Obstet Gynecol 199585(4):631–5. [PubMed: 7898846]
  270. Fruchter O, Friedman AJ, Haas ST Uterine size as indication for early hysterectomy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994170(11):258–69. [PubMed: 8296838]
  271. Garcia CR Management of the symptomatic fibroid in women older than 40 years of age: Hysterectomy or myomectomy? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199320(2):337–48. [PubMed: 8367136]
  272. Garcia CR, Tureck RW Submucosal leiomyomas and infertility Fertil Steril 198442(1):16–9. [PubMed: 6724011]
  273. Garnet JD Uterine rupture during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1964;23:898–905. [PubMed: 14170210]
  274. Gath D, Cooper P Psychiatric disorder after hysterectomy J Psychosom Res 198125(5):347–55. [PubMed: 7328503]
  275. Gath D, Cooper P, Day A Hysterectomy and psychiatric disorder: I. Levels of psychiatric morbidity before and after hysterectomy. Br J Psychiatry. 1982;140:335–42. [PubMed: 7093609]
  276. Gatti D, Falsetti L, Viani A, et al Uterine fibromyoma and sterility: role of myomectomy Acta Eur Fertil 198920(1):11–3. [PubMed: 2781982]
  277. Gaucherand P, Piacenza JM, Salle B, et al Sonohysterography of the uterine cavity: Preliminary investigations J Clin Ultrasound 199523(6):339–48. [PubMed: 7673449]
  278. Gehlbach DL, Sousa RC, Carpenter SE, et al Abdominal myomectomy in the treatment of infertility Int J Gynecol Obstet 199340(1):45–50. [PubMed: 8094350]
  279. Gerris J, Degueldre M, Peters AA, et al The place of Zoladex in deferred surgery for uterine fibroids. Zoladex Myoma Study Group Horm Res 199645(6):279–84. [PubMed: 8793522]
  280. Giatras K, Berkeley AS, Noyes N, et al Fertility after hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19996(2):155–8. [PubMed: 10226124]
  281. Ginsburg ES, Benson CB, Garfield JM, et al The effect of operative technique and uterine size on blood loss during myomectomy: a prospective randomized study Fertil Steril 199360(6):956–62. [PubMed: 8243699]
  282. Gitsch G, Berger E, Tatra G Trends in thirty years of vaginal hysterectomy Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991172(3):207–10. [PubMed: 1994496]
  283. Glavind K, Palvio DHB, Lauritsen JG Uterine myoma in pregnancy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199069(7-8):617–9. [PubMed: 2094144]
  284. Gleeson NC, Onwude JL Uterine leiomyoma causing retained placenta Br J Clin Pract 199044(12):689–90. [PubMed: 2102195]
  285. Gleich P Transcervical resection of uterine myomas with a resectoscope Urol Clin North Am 199017(1):59–62. [PubMed: 2305522]
  286. Golan A GnRH analogues in the treatment of uterine fibroids Hum Reprod 199611(Suppl 3):33–41. [PubMed: 9147100]
  287. Golan A, Aharoni A, Gonen R, et al Early spontaneous rupture of the post-myomectomy gravid uterus Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199031(2):167–70. [PubMed: 1968865]
  288. Golan A, Bukovsky I, Pansky M, et al Pre-operative gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist treatment in surgery for uterine leiomyomata Hum Reprod 19938(3):450–2. [PubMed: 8473466]
  289. Golan A, Bukovsky I, Schneider D, et al D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone microcapsules in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas Fertil Steril 198952(3):406–11. [PubMed: 2528476]
  290. Goldfarb HA A review of 35 endometrial ablations using the Nd:YAG laser for recurrent menometrorrhagia Obstet Gynecol 199076(5 Pt 1):833–5. [PubMed: 2120643]
  291. Goldfarb HA Bipolar laparoscopic needles for myoma coagulation J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19952(2):175–9. [PubMed: 9050553]
  292. Goldfarb HA Laparoscopic coagulation of myoma (myolysis) Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):807–19. [PubMed: 8786884]
  293. Goldfarb HA Laparoscopic coagulation of myoma (myolysis) Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):129–41. [PubMed: 8786884]
  294. Goldstein SR Use of ultrasonohysterography for triage of perimenopausal patients with unexplained uterine bleeding Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994170(2):565–70. [PubMed: 8116714]
  295. Gomel V, Taylor PJ Laparoscopic myomectomy and tubal reconstructive surgery in the infertile patient Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19948(4):773–88. [PubMed: 7882625]
  296. Goodkin K, Antoni MH, Blaney PH Stress and hopelessness in the promotion of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix [published erratum appears in J Psychosom Res 1987;31(5):659] J Psychosom Res 198630(1):67–76. [PubMed: 3701669]
  297. Goodwin SC, Chen G Uterine artery embolization for uterine fibroids Contemp Rev Obstet Gynaecol 199810(3):217–21.
  298. Goodwin SC, McLucas B, Lee M, et al Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyomata midterm results J Vasc Interv Radiol 199910(9):1159–65. [PubMed: 10527191]
  299. Goodwin SC, Walker WJ Uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine fibroids Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 199810(4):315–20. [PubMed: 9719883]
  300. Gordon SJ, Westgate J The incidence and management of failed Pipelle sampling in a general outpatient clinic Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199939(1):115–8. [PubMed: 10099766]
  301. Gordon T, Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, et al Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study Ann Intern Med 197889(2):157–61. [PubMed: 677576]
  302. Gorodeski IG, Bahary CM, Beery R, et al Decreased induced retention of the progesterone receptor in the nuclear extract in human uterine leiomyoma in vivo Gynecol Obstet Invest 198723(4):241–6. [PubMed: 3609907]
  303. Grau E, Torrecilla T, Real E, et al Leukopenia induced by leuprolide acetate depot Ann Pharmacother 199428(2):283–4. [PubMed: 8173155]
  304. Greenberg MD, Kazamel TIG Medical and socioeconomic impact of uterine fibroids Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):625–36. [PubMed: 8786874]
  305. Greenwood SM The relation of adenomyosis uteri to coexistent endometrial carcinoma and endometrial hyperplasia Obstet Gynecol 197648(1):68–72. [PubMed: 934577]
  306. Gregoriou O, Vitoratos N, Papadias C, et al Effect of tibolone on postmenopausal woman with myomas Maturitas 199727(2):187–91. [PubMed: 9255754]
  307. Griffith-Jones MD, Jarvis GJ, McNamara HM Adverse urinary symptoms after total abdominal hysterectomy -- fact or fiction? Br J Urol 199167(3):295–7. [PubMed: 2021819]
  308. Grignon DJ, Carey MR, Kirk ME, et al Diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis: a case study with pregnancy complicated by intrapartum hemorrhage Obstet Gynecol 198769(3 Pt 2):477–80. [PubMed: 3492695]
  309. Gronlund L, Hertz J, Helm P, et al Transvaginal sonohysterography and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility, habitual abortion or metrorrhagia. A comparative study Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199978(5):415–8. [PubMed: 10326887]
  310. Gross CP, Nicholson W, Powe NR Factors affecting prophylactic oophorectomy in postmenopausal women Obstet Gynecol 199994(6):962–8. [PubMed: 10576183]
  311. Grover SR, Quinn MA Is there any value in bimanual pelvic examination as a screening test Med J Austr 1995162(8):408–10. [PubMed: 7746172]
  312. Guillaume AJ, Benjamin F, Spitzer M Myomectomy performed concurrently with tuboplasty J Reprod Med 199843(6):483–6. [PubMed: 9653693]
  313. Gutmann JN, Thornton KL, Diamond MP, et al Evaluation of leuprolide acetate treatment on histopathology of uterine myomata Fertil Steril 199461(4):622–6. [PubMed: 8150102]
  314. Haas S, Spies JB Toward optimal health: The experts respond to fibroids J Womens Health Gender Med 19998(7):879–83. [PubMed: 10534290]
  315. Hackenberg R, Gesenhues T, Deichert U, et al The response of uterine fibroids to GnRH-agonist treatment can be predicted in most cases after one month Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199245(2):125–9. [PubMed: 1386817]
  316. Halila H, Suikkari AM, Seppala M The effect of hysterectomy on serum CA 125 levels in patients with adenomyosis and uterine fibroids Hum Reprod 19872(3):265–6. [PubMed: 3474239]
  317. Hallez JP Single-stage total hysteroscopic myomectomies: indications, techniques, and results Fertil Steril 199563(4):703–8. [PubMed: 7890051]
  318. Hallez JP Myomectomies by endo-uterine resection Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19968(4):250–8. [PubMed: 8875035]
  319. Hallez JP, Netter A, Cartier R Methodical intrauterine resection Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987156(5):1080–4. [PubMed: 3578415]
  320. Hamasaki K, Doi Y, Sakamoto Y, et al The contraction of small arteries in the perimetrium by presurgical medication with the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist to patients with leiomyomas: An electron and immunoelectron microscopy Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi 199586(10):389–97. [PubMed: 8529993]
  321. Han GS Assessing the role of laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy in the everyday practice of gynecology J Reprod Med 199641(7):521–8. [PubMed: 8829066]
  322. Han ML, Wang YF, Tang MY, et al Gossypol in the treatment of endometriosis and uterine myoma. Contrib Gynecol Obstet. 1987;16:268–70. [PubMed: 3121251]
  323. Haney AF Removal of surgical barriers of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene at second-look laparoscopy was not associated with adhesion formation Fertil Steril 199768(4):721–3. [PubMed: 9341618]
  324. Harkki-Siren P, Sjoberg J Evaluation and the learning curve of the first one hundred laparoscopic hysterectomies Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199574(8):638–41. [PubMed: 7660772]
  325. Harkki-Siren P, Sjoberg J, Makinen J, et al Finnish national register of laparoscopic hysterectomies: a review and complications of 1165 operations Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997176(1 Pt 1):118–22. [PubMed: 9024101]
  326. Harkki-Siren P, Sjoberg J, Tiitinen A Urinary tract injuries after hysterectomy Obstet Gynecol 199892(1):113–8. [PubMed: 9649105]
  327. Harmon JW, Tang DG, Gordon TA, et al Hospital volume can serve as a surrogate for surgeon volume for achieving excellent outcomes in colorectal resection Ann Surg 1999230(3):404–11.discussion 411-3 . [PMC free article: PMC1420885] [PubMed: 10493487]
  328. Harris WJ Uterine dehiscence following laparoscopic myomectomy Obstet Gynecol 199280(3 Pt 2):545–6. [PubMed: 1386666]
  329. Harrison-Woolrych ML, Charnock-Jones DS, Smith SK Quantification of messenger ribonucleic acid for epidermal growth factor in human myometrium and leiomyomata using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199478(5):1179–84. [PubMed: 8175976]
  330. Hart R, Molnar BG, Magos A Long term follow up of hysteroscopic myomectomy assessed by survival analysis Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999106(7):700–5. [PubMed: 10428527]
  331. Hasan F, Arumugam K, Sivanesaratnam V Uterine leiomyomata in pregnancy Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199134(1):45–8. [PubMed: 1671020]
  332. Hasson HM Cervical removal at hysterectomy for benign disease. Risks and benefits J Reprod Med 199338(10):781–90. [PubMed: 8263867]
  333. Hasson HM Laparoscopic myomectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):143–59.
  334. Hasson HM The role of laparoscopy in myomectomy Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 199641(3):276–9. [PubMed: 8799755]
  335. Hasson HM, Rotman C, Rana N, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy Obstet Gynecol 199280(5):884–8. [PubMed: 1407934]
  336. Heaton KW, Parker D, Cripps H Bowel function and irritable bowel symptoms after hysterectomy and cholecystectomy -- a population based study Gut 199334(8):1108–11. [PMC free article: PMC1374364] [PubMed: 8174964]
  337. Heffernan LP, Fraser RC, Purdy RA L-5 radiculopathy secondary to a uterine leiomyoma in a primigravid patient Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980138(4):460–1. [PubMed: 7425005]
  338. Helstrom L, Lundberg PO, Sorbom D, et al Sexuality after hysterectomy: a factor analysis of women's sexual lives before and after subtotal hysterectomy Obstet Gynecol 199381(3):357–62. [PubMed: 8437786]
  339. Helstrom L, Sorbom D, Backstrom T Influence of partner relationship on sexuality after subtotal hysterectomy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199574(2):142–6. [PubMed: 7900511]
  340. Helstrom L, Weiner E, Sorbom D, et al Predictive value of psychiatric history, genital pain and menstrual symptoms for sexuality after hysterectomy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199473(7):575–80. [PubMed: 8079610]
  341. Higashijima T, Kataoka A, Nishida T, et al Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy induces apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199668(1-2):169–73. [PubMed: 8886702]
  342. Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, Peterson HB Uterine size and risk of complications among women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199687(4):539–43. [PubMed: 8602305]
  343. Ho V Evolution of the volume-outcome relation for hospitals performing coronary angioplasty Circulation 2000101(15):1806–11. [PubMed: 10769281]
  344. Hoffman MS, DeCesare S, Kalter C Abdominal hysterectomy versus transvaginal morcellation for the removal of enlarged uteri Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994171(2):309–15. [PubMed: 8059807]
  345. Hording U, Pedersen KH, Sidenius K, et al Urinary incontinence in 45-year-old women. An epidemiological survey Scand J Urol Nephrol 198620(3):183–6. [PubMed: 3787195]
  346. Hreshchyshyn MM, Hopkins A, Zylstra S, et al Effects of natural menopause, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone densities Obstet Gynecol 198872(4):631–8. [PubMed: 3419740]
  347. Huang RT, Chou CY, Chang CH, et al Differentiation between adenomyoma and leiomyoma with transvaginal ultrasonography Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 19955(1):47–50. [PubMed: 7850590]
  348. Huang SC, Chou CY, Lin YS, et al Enhanced deoxyribonucleic acid damage and repair but unchanged apoptosis in uterine leiomyomas treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997177(2):417–24. [PubMed: 9290461]
  349. Huang SC, Yu CH, Huang RT, et al Intratumoral blood flow in uterine myoma correlated with a lower tumor size and volume, but not correlated with cell proliferation or angiogenesis Obstet Gynecol 199687(6):1019–24. [PubMed: 8649683]
  350. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group JAMA 1998280(7):605–13. [PubMed: 9718051]
  351. Hutchins FL Jr Myomectomy after selective preoperative treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone analog J Reprod Med 199237(8):699–702. [PubMed: 1432986]
  352. Hutchins FL Jr Abdominal myomectomy as a treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):781–9. [PubMed: 8786881]
  353. Hutchins FL Jr Uterine fibroids: Diagnosis and indications for treatment Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):659–65. [PubMed: 8786876]
  354. Hutchins FL Jr A randomized comparison of vasopressin and tourniquet as hemostatic agents during myomectomy [letter] Obstet Gynecol 199688(4 Pt 1):639–40. [PubMed: 8841235]
  355. Hutchins FL Jr, Worthington-Kirsch R, Berkowitz RP Selective uterine artery embolization as primary treatment for symptomatic leiomyomata uteri J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19996(3):279–84. [PubMed: 10459027]
  356. Igarashi M, Paulson RJ, Verkauf BS Value of myomectomy in the treatment of infertility Fertil Steril 199359(6):1331–3. [PubMed: 8495789]
  357. Ikpeze OC, Nwosu OB Features of uterine fibroids treated by abdominal myomectomy at Nnewi, Nigeria J Obstet Gynaecol 199818(6):569–71. [PubMed: 15512182]
  358. Indman PD Hysteroscopic treatment of menorrhagia associated with uterine leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199381(51):716–20. [PubMed: 8469459]
  359. Iosif CS, Bekassy Z, Rydhstrom H Prevalence of urinary incontinence in middle-aged women Int J Gynaecol Obstet 198826(2):255–9. [PubMed: 2898402]
  360. Istre O Transcervical resection of endometrium and fibroids: the outcome of 412 operations performed over 5 years Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199675(6):567–74. [PubMed: 8693935]
  361. Itzkowic D Submucous fibroids: Clinical profile and hysteroscopic management Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199333(1):63–7. [PubMed: 8498943]
  362. Iverson RE Jr, Chelmow D, Strohbehn K, et al Relative morbidity of abdominal hysterectomy and myomectomy for management of uterine leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199688(3):415–9. [PubMed: 8752251]
  363. Iverson RE Jr, Chelmow D, Strohbehn K, et al Myomectomy fever: testing the dogma Fertil Steril 199972(1):104–8. [PubMed: 10428156]
  364. Iyer V, Farquhar C, Jepson R Oral contraceptive pills for heavy menstrual bleeding [systematic review] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Library: Oxford, UK. 2000, Issue 1. 2000;(Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly). [PubMed: 10796696]
  365. Jequier AM Urinary symptoms and total hysterectomy Br J Urol 197648(6):437–41. [PubMed: 1009326]
  366. Johansson BW, Kaij L, Kullander S, et al On some late effects of bilateral oophorectomy in the age range 15-30 years Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 197554(5):449–61. [PubMed: 1202905]
  367. Jourdain O, Descamps P, Abusada N, et al Treatment of fibromas Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199666(2):99–107. [PubMed: 8735729]
  368. Jourdain O, Joyeux P, Lajus C, et al Endometrial Nd-YAG laser ablation by hysterofibroscopy: long-term results of 137 cases Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199669(2):103–7. [PubMed: 8902441]
  369. Juni P, Witschi A, Bloch R, et al The hazards of scoring the quality of clinical trials for meta-analysis JAMA 1999282(11):1054–60. [PubMed: 10493204]
  370. Kadar N Extraperitoneal laparoscopic hyoterectomy for the large uterus Gynaecol Endoscopy 19965(5):271–6.
  371. Kaiser R, Kusche M, Wurz H Hormone levels in women after hysterectomy Arch Gynecol Obstet 1989244(3):169–73. [PubMed: 2500073]
  372. Kalir T, Goldstein M, Dottino P, et al Morphometric and electron-microscopic analyses of the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on uterine leiomyomas Arch Pathol Lab Med 1998122(5):442–6. [PubMed: 9593346]
  373. Kaminski BT, Rzempoluch J, Wiczkowski A, et al Some parameters of lipid metabolism in women 6 years after surgery on account of uterine leiomyoma Ceska Gynekol 199459(5):247–50. [PubMed: 7804565]
  374. Karlsson B, Granberg S, Hellberg P, et al Comparative study of transvaginal sonography and hysteroscopy for the detection of pathologic endometrial lesions in women with postmenopausal bleeding J Ultrasound Med 199413(10):757–62. [PubMed: 7823337]
  375. Katz VL, Dotters DJ, Droegemeuller W Complications of uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy Obstet Gynecol 198973(4):593–6. [PubMed: 2927854]
  376. Kawaguchi K, Fujii S, Konishi I, et al Immunohistochemical analysis of oestrogen receptors, progesterone receptors and Ki-67 in leiomyoma and myometrium during the menstrual cycle and pregnancy Virchows Archiv 1991419(4):309–15. [PubMed: 1949613]
  377. Kawamura N, Ito F, Ichimura T, et al Correlation between shrinkage of uterine leiomyoma treated with buserelin acetate and histopathologic findings of biopsy specimen before treatment Fertil Steril 199768(4):632–6. [PubMed: 9341601]
  378. Keckstein J, Sasse V, Roth A, et al Laser techniques in gynaecology Endosc Surg Allied Technol 19942(3-4):176–80. [PubMed: 8000881]
  379. Kettel LM Clinical applications of the antiprogestins Clin Obstet Gynecol 199538(4):921–34. [PubMed: 8616987]
  380. Kettel LM, Murphy AA, Morales AJ, et al Rapid regression of uterine leiomyomas in response to daily administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist Fertil Steril 199360(4):642–6. [PubMed: 8405517]
  381. Kettel LM, Murphy AA, Morales AJ, et al Clinical efficacy of the antiprogesterone RU486 in the treatment of endometriosis and uterine fibroids Hum Reprod 19949(Suppl 1):116–20. [PubMed: 7962456]
  382. Khurana KK, Singh SB, Tatum AH, et al Maintenance of increased Bcl-2 expression in uterine leiomyomas after GnRH agonist therapy J Reprod Med 199944(6):487–92. [PubMed: 10394541]
  383. Kiesel L, Schweppe KW, Sillem M, et al Should add-back therapy for endometriosis be deferred for optimal results? Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(Suppl 14):15–7. [PubMed: 8916982]
  384. Kilkku P Supravaginal uterine amputation vs. hysterectomy. Effects on coital frequency and dyspareunia Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198362(2):141–5. [PubMed: 6868962]
  385. Kilkku P Supravaginal uterine amputation versus hysterectomy with reference to subjective bladder symptoms and incontinence Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198564(5):375–9. [PubMed: 4061057]
  386. Kilkku P, Gronroos M, Hirvonen T, et al Supravaginal uterine amputation vs. hysterectomy. Effects on libido and orgasm Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198362(2):147–52. [PubMed: 6868963]
  387. Kilkku P, Hirvonen T, Gronroos M Supra-vaginal uterine amputation vs. abdominal hysterectomy: the effects on urinary symptoms with special reference to pollakisuria, nocturia and dysuria Maturitas 19813(3-4):197–204. [PubMed: 7334931]
  388. Kiltz RJ, Rutgers J, Phillips J, et al Absence of a dose-response effect of leuprolide acetate on leiomyomata uteri size Fertil Steril 199461(6):1021–6. [PubMed: 8194611]
  389. Kim AH, Keltz MD, Arici A, et al Dilutional hyponatremia during hysteroscopic myomectomy with sorbitol-mannitol distention medium J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19952(2):237–42. [PubMed: 9050566]
  390. Kivnick S, Kanter MH Bowel injury from rollerball ablation of the endometrium Obstet Gynecol 199279(5 Pt 2):833–5. [PubMed: 1565382]
  391. Kjerulff KH, Guzinski GM, Langenberg PW, et al Hysterectomy and race Obstet Gynecol 199382(5):757–64. [PubMed: 8414322]
  392. Kjerulff KH, Langenberg PW, Rhodes JC, et al Effectiveness of hysterectomy Obstet Gynecol 200095(3):319–26. [PubMed: 10711536]
  393. Kjerulff KH, Langenberg PW, Seidman JD, et al Uterine leiomyomas: Racial differences in severity, symptoms and age at diagnosis J Reprod Med 199641(7):483–90. [PubMed: 8829060]
  394. Kliewer MA, Hertzberg BS, George PY, et al Acoustic shadowing from uterine leiomyomas: sonographic-pathologic correlation Radiology 1995196(1):99–102. [PubMed: 7784598]
  395. Klitsch M Hysterectomy, nonsurgical management both lessen fibroids, pain and bleeding Family Plann Perspectiv 199426(4):190–1.
  396. Klotzbucher M, Wasserfall A, Fuhrmann U Misexpression of wild-type and truncated isoforms of the high-mobility group I proteins HMGI-C and HMGI(Y) in uterine leiomyomas Am J Pathol 1999155(5):1535–42. [PMC free article: PMC1866973] [PubMed: 10550310]
  397. Koide SS Mifepristone. Auxiliary therapeutic use in cancer and related disorders J Reprod Med 199843(7):551–60. [PubMed: 9693404]
  398. Koong DK, McKenna KM Is the fibroid a uterus? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199535(3):332–4. [PubMed: 8546659]
  399. Kovac SR Hysterectomy outcomes in patients with similar indications Obstet Gynecol 200095(6):787–93. [PubMed: 10831967]
  400. Kuhlmann M, Gartner A, Schindler EM, et al Uterine leiomyomata and sterility: therapy with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists and leiomyomectomy Gynecol Endocrinol 199711(3):169–74. [PubMed: 9209897]
  401. Kuhn R, Mitchell P Embolic occlusion of the blood supply to uterine myomas: Report of 2 cases Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199939(1):120–2. [PubMed: 10099768]
  402. Kukuvitis A, Bildiris J, Prapas Y, et al Effect of treatment with GnRH agonists on new markers of bone metabolism Gynecol Obstet Invest 199947(3):194–6. [PubMed: 10087416]
  403. La Torre R, Scarpellini F, Fusaro P, et al Transvaginal ultrasonographic diagnosis of adenomyosis in female patients suffering from uterine fibromatosis Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199623(4):195–7. [PubMed: 9001778]
  404. La Vecchia C, Franceschi S Oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer Eur J Cancer Prev 19998(4):297–304. [PubMed: 10493304]
  405. Lakhani KP, Marsh MS, Purcell W, et al Uterine artery blood flow parameters in women with dysfunctional uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids: the effects of tranexamic acid Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 199811(4):283–5. [PubMed: 9618854]
  406. Lalos O, Bjerle P Bladder wall mechanics and micturition before and after subtotal and total hysterectomy Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 198621(3):143–50. [PubMed: 3956833]
  407. Lambden MP, Bellamy G, Ogburn-Russell L, et al Women's sense of well-being before and after hysterectomy J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 199726(5):540–8. [PubMed: 9313184]
  408. Lamminen S, Pyykko K, Rorarius M, et al Cytochrome P450IA1 activity in human myometrium and uterine leiomyoma: Influence of smoking Toxicology 199383(1-3):41–8. [PubMed: 8248949]
  409. LaMorte AI, Lalwani S, Diamond MP Morbidity associated with abdominal myomectomy Obstet Gynecol 199382(6):897–900. [PubMed: 8233261]
  410. Lamping DL, Rowe P, Clarke A, et al Development and validation of the Menorrhagia Outcomes Questionnaire Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998105(7):766–79. [PubMed: 9692419]
  411. Langer R, Golan A, Neuman M, et al The effect of large uterine fibroids on urinary bladder function and symptoms Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990163(4 Pt 1):1139–41. [PubMed: 2145766]
  412. Langer R, Neuman M, Ron-el R, et al The effect of total abdominal hysterectomy on bladder function in asymptomatic women Obstet Gynecol 198974(2):205–7. [PubMed: 2748057]
  413. Lanouette JM, Diamond MP Pregnancy in women with myoma uteri Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):19–32.
  414. Laughead MK, Stones LM Clinical utility of saline solution infusion sonohysterography in a primary care obstetric-gynecologic practice Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997176(6):1313–6.discussion 1316-8 . [PubMed: 9215190]
  415. Law P, Gedroyc WMW, Regan L Magnetic-resonance-guided percutaneous laser ablation of uterine fibroids Lancet 1999354(9195):2049–50. [PubMed: 10636374]
  416. Lee BS, Stewart EA, Sahakian M, et al Interferon-alpha is a potent inhibitor of basic fibroblast growth factor-stimulated cell proliferation in human uterine cells Am J Reprod Immunol 199840(1):19–25. [PubMed: 9689356]
  417. Lee CL, Soong YK Laparoscopic hysterectomy: is dissecting the ureter necessary? Int Surg 199580(2):167–9. [PubMed: 8530236]
  418. Lee WY, Tzeng CC, Chou CY Uterine leiomyosarcomas coexistent with cellular and atypical leiomyomata in a young woman during the treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist Gynecol Oncol 199452(1):74–9. [PubMed: 8307505]
  419. Leibsohn S, d'Ablaing G, Mishell DR Jr, et al Leiomyosarcoma in a series of hysterectomies performed for presumed uterine leiomyomas Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990162(4):968–74.discussion 974-6 . [PubMed: 2327466]
  420. Lemay A, Maheux R GnRH agonists in the management of uterine leiomyoma Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):33–55.
  421. Leone M, Cucuccio S, Venturini PL, et al Immunohistochemical localization of epidermal growth factor receptor in leiomyomas from women treated with goserelin depot Horm Metab Res 199123(9):442–5. [PubMed: 1835956]
  422. Lepine LA, Hillis SD, Marchbanks PA, et al Hysterectomy surveillance -- United States, 1980-1993 MMWR 199746(4):1–15. [PubMed: 9259214]
  423. Lethaby A, Augood C, Duckitt K Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding. [systematic review] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Library: Oxford, UK. 2000, Issue 1. 2000;(Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly). [PubMed: 10796714]
  424. Lethaby A, Irvine G, Cameron I Cyclical progestogens for heavy menstrual bleeding [systematic review] Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The Cochrane Library: Oxford, UK. 2000, Issue 1. 2000;(Update Software, online or CD-ROM, updated quarterly). [PubMed: 10796587]
  425. Lethaby A, Vollenhoven B, Sowter M Pre-operative gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue before hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids. The Cochrane Library: Oxford, UK. 1999, Issue 3. 1999 (Update Software, Online or CD-ROM, Updated Quarterly).
  426. Letterie GS, Coddington CC, Winkel CA, et al Efficacy of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata: long-term follow-up Fertil Steril 198951(6):951–6. [PubMed: 2498132]
  427. LevGur M The enlarged uterus. Relation of uterine size to symptoms and histopathologic findings J Reprod Med 199641(3):166–70. [PubMed: 8778414]
  428. Levine RL, Reich H Advances in gynecologic laparoscopic procedures World J Surg 199317(1):63–9. [PubMed: 8447142]
  429. Lev-Toaff AS, Coleman BG, Arger PH, et al Leiomyomas in pregnancy: sonographic study Radiology 1987164(2):375–80. [PubMed: 3299488]
  430. Lev-Toaff AS, Karasick S, Toaff ME Hysterosalpingography before and after myomectomy: Clinical value and imaging findings Am J Roentgenol 1993160(4):803–7. [PubMed: 8456668]
  431. Li TC, Mortimer R, Cooke ID Myomectomy: a retrospective study to examine reproductive performance before and after surgery Hum Reprod 199914(7):1735–40. [PubMed: 10402378]
  432. Lin BL, Iwata Y, Liu KH Removing a large submucous fibroid hysteroscopically with the two-resectoscope method J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19941(3):259–63. [PubMed: 9050497]
  433. Lindegard B Breast cancer among women from Gothenburg with regard to age, mortality and coexisting benign breast disease or leiomyoma uteri Oncology 199047(5):369–75. [PubMed: 2216291]
  434. Lindsay PC, Shaw RW, Bennink HJ, et al The effect of add-back treatment with tibolone (Livial) on patients treated with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist triptorelin (Decapeptyl) Fertil Steril 199665(2):342–8. [PubMed: 8566259]
  435. Lindsay R, Hart DM, Clark DM The minimum effective dose of estrogen for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss Obstet Gynecol 198463(6):759–63. [PubMed: 6374537]
  436. Liu CH, Lin YS, Lin CC, et al Medical treatment of uterine myoma with long-acting gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist prior to myomectomy J Formosan Med Assoc 199392(6):536–9. [PubMed: 8106041]
  437. Loffer FD Hysteroscopy with selective endometrial sampling compared with D&C for abnormal uterine bleeding: the value of a negative hysteroscopic view Obstet Gynecol 198973(1):16–20. [PubMed: 2909040]
  438. Loffer FD Removal of large symptomatic intrauterine growths by the hysteroscopic resectoscope Obstet Gynecol 199076(5 Pt 1):836–40. [PubMed: 2216235]
  439. Lomano J Endometrial ablation for the treatment of menorrhagia: a comparison of patients with normal, enlarged, and fibroid uteri Lasers Surg Med 199111(1):8–12. [PubMed: 1825511]
  440. Loverro G, Nicolardi V, Selvaggi L Depot GnRH analog treatment of uterine fibroids Int J Gynecol Obstet 199343(2):199–201. [PubMed: 7905441]
  441. Lumbiganon P, Rugpao S, Phandhu-fung S, et al Protective effect of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate on surgically treated uterine leiomyomas: a multicentre case -- control study Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(9):909–14. [PubMed: 8813312]
  442. Lumsden MA, Wallace EM Clinical presentation of uterine fibroids Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199812(2):177–95. [PubMed: 10023417]
  443. Lumsden MA, West CP, Hawkins RA, et al The binding of steroids to myometrium and leiomyomata (fibroids) in women treated with the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist Zoladex (ICI 118630) J Endocrinol 1989121(2):389–96. [PubMed: 2526844]
  444. Lumsden MA, West CP, Thomas E, et al Treatment with the gonadotrophin releasing hormone-agonist goserelin before hysterectomy for uterine fibroids Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(5):438–42. [PubMed: 8018618]
  445. Magos AL, Bournas N, Sinha R, et al Vaginal myomectomy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(12):1092–4. [PubMed: 7826970]
  446. Magos AL, Bournas N, Sinha R, et al Vaginal hysterectomy for the large uterus Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(3):246–51. [PubMed: 8630309]
  447. Maheux R Treatment of uterine leiomyomata: Past, present and future Horm Res 198932(Suppl. 1):125–33. [PubMed: 2693323]
  448. Maheux R GnRH agonists: an alternative to surgery? Hum Reprod 199611(Suppl 3):43–50. [PubMed: 9147101]
  449. Maheux R, Lemay A Treatment of peri-menopausal women: potential long-term therapy with a depot GnRH agonist combined with hormonal replacement therapy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199299(Suppl 7):13–7. [PubMed: 1532506]
  450. Maheux R, Lemay A, Blanchet P, et al Maintained reduction of uterine leiomyoma following addition of hormonal replacement therapy to a monthly luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist implant: a pilot study Hum Reprod 19916(4):500–5. [PubMed: 1655823]
  451. Mais V, Ajossa S, Guerriero S, et al Laparoscopic versus abdominal myomectomy: a prospective, randomized trial to evaluate benefits in early outcome Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996174(2):654–8. [PubMed: 8623802]
  452. Mais V, Ajossa S, Piras B, et al Prevention of de-novo adhesion formation after laparoscopic myomectomy: a randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of an oxidized regenerated cellulose absorbable barrier Hum Reprod 199510(12):3133–5. [PubMed: 8822429]
  453. Makarainen L, Ylikorkala O Primary and myoma-associated menorrhagia: role of prostaglandins and effects of ibuprofen Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198693(9):974–8. [PubMed: 3533137]
  454. Malhotra N, Sood M Role of hysteroscopy in infertile women J Indian Med Assoc 199795(9):–. [PubMed: 9529582]
  455. Malone LJ Myomectomy: recurrence after removal of solitary and multiple myomas Obstet Gynecol 196934(2):200–3. [PubMed: 5816311]
  456. Mant J, Painter R, Vessey M Epidemiology of genital prolapse: observations from the Oxford Family Planning Association Study Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997104(5):579–85. [PubMed: 9166201]
  457. Mao X, Barfoot R, Hamoudi RA, et al Allelotype of uterine leiomyomas Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999114(2):89–95. [PubMed: 10549262]
  458. March CM, Boyers S, Franklin R, et al Prevention of adhesion formation/reformation with the Gore-Tex Surgical Membrane. Prog Clin Biol Res. 1993;381:253–9. [PubMed: 8316567]
  459. Marshall LA, Cain DF, Dmowski WP, et al Urinary N-telopeptides to monitor bone resorption while on GnRH agonist therapy Obstet Gynecol 199687(3):350–4. [PubMed: 8598953]
  460. Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, et al Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race Obstet Gynecol 199790(6):967–73. [PubMed: 9397113]
  461. Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Goldman MB, et al A prospective study of reproductive factors and oral contraceptive use in relation to the risk of uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 199870(3):432–9. [PubMed: 9757871]
  462. Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Manson JE, et al Risk of uterine leiomyomata among premenopausal women in relation to body size and cigarette smoking Epidemiology 19989(5):511–7. [PubMed: 9730029]
  463. Martin LC, Puente I, Sosa JL, et al Open versus laparoscopic appendectomy. A prospective randomized comparison Ann Surg 1995222(3):256–62. [PMC free article: PMC1234801] [PubMed: 7677456]
  464. Martyn P, Allan B Long-term follow-up of endometrial ablation J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19985(2):115–8. [PubMed: 9564056]
  465. Matchar DB, Samsa GP, Matthews JR, et al The stroke prevention policy model: linking evidence and clinical decisions Ann Intern Med 1997127(8 Pt 2):704–11. [PubMed: 9382384]
  466. Matorras R, Rodriguez F, Perez C, et al Infertile women with and without endometriosis: a case control study of luteal phase and other infertility conditions Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199675(9):826–31. [PubMed: 8931507]
  467. Matsunaga E, Shiota K Ectopic pregnancy and myoma uteri: teratogenic effects and maternal characteristics Teratology 198021(1):61–9. [PubMed: 7385056]
  468. Matta WH, Stabile I, Shaw RW, et al Doppler assessment of uterine blood flow changes in patients with fibroids receiving the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist Buserelin Fertil Steril 198849(6):1083–5. [PubMed: 2967195]
  469. Mayer DP, Shipilov V Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging of uterine fibroids Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):667–725. [PubMed: 8786877]
  470. Mazdisnian F, Kurzel RB, Coe S, et al Vaginal hysterectomy by uterine morcellation: an efficient, non-morbid procedure Obstet Gynecol 199586(1):60–4. [PubMed: 7784024]
  471. McCarthy S Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of infertile women Magn Reson Q 19906(4):239–49. [PubMed: 2288867]
  472. McCausland AM Hysteroscopic myometrial biopsy: its use in diagnosing adenomyosis and its clinical application Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992166(6 Pt 1):1619–26.discussion 1626-8 . [PubMed: 1615969]
  473. McClelland HR, Quinn AJ Shrinkage of uterine fibroids by preoperative LHRH analogue injection Ulster Med J 199261(1):51–5. [PMC free article: PMC2448785] [PubMed: 1535743]
  474. McCrory DC, Matchar D, Bastian L, et al Evaluation of Cervical Cytology. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment No. 5 (Prepared by Duke University under Contract No. 290-97-0014). AHCPR Publication No. 99-E010. Rockville, MD: Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. February 1998.
  475. McKinlay SM The normal menopause transition: an overview Maturitas 199623(2):137–45. [PubMed: 8735352]
  476. McKinlay SM, Brambilla DJ, Posner JG The normal menopause transition Maturitas 199214(2):103–15. [PubMed: 1565019]
  477. McLachlan RI, Healy DL, Burger HG Clinical aspects of LHRH analogues in gynaecology: a review Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198693(5):431–54. [PubMed: 3085705]
  478. McLaughlin DS Micro-laser myomectomy technique to enhance reproductive potential: a preliminary report Lasers Surg Med 19822(2):107–27. [PubMed: 7176798]
  479. McNaughton Collins M, Ransohoff DF, Barry MJ Early detection of prostate cancer. Serendipity strikes again JAMA 1997278(18):1516–9. [PubMed: 9363972]
  480. Drug Topics Red Book. Oradell, NJ: Medical Economics Co.: 2000.
  481. Megafu U Surgical causes and management of female infertility in Nigeria Int Surg 198873(3):144–7. [PubMed: 3229919]
  482. Meilahn EN, Matthews KA, Egeland G, et al Characteristics of women with hysterectomy Maturitas 198911(4):319–29. [PubMed: 2615667]
  483. Meldrum DR, Erlik Y, Lu JK, et al Objectively recorded hot flushes in patients with pituitary insufficiency J Clin Endocrinol Metab 198152(4):684–8. [PubMed: 6782116]
  484. Mencaglia L Preparation of the endometrium prior to hysteroscopic surgery Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199665(1):107–8.
  485. Mencaglia L, Colafranceschi M, Gordon AG, et al Is hysteroscopy of value in the investigation of female infertility? Acta Eur Fertil 198819(4):239–41. [PubMed: 3067483]
  486. Merchant S, Panjwani M, Sarvagod T, et al Asymmetric uterine enlargement: a reliable sign of leiomyomas Am J Roentgenol 1993161(3):–. [PubMed: 8352130]
  487. Mettler L, Alvarez-Rodas E, Lehmann-Willenbrock E, et al Intrafascial supracervical hysterectomy without colpotomy and transuterine mucosal resection by pelviscopy and laparotomy Diagn Therap Endoscopy 19951(4):201–7. [PMC free article: PMC2362495] [PubMed: 18493366]
  488. Mettler L, Alvarez-Rodas E, Semm K Myomectomy by laparoscopy: a report of 482 cases Gynaecol Endoscopy 19954(4):259–64.
  489. Mikamo H, Izumi K, Ito K, et al Bacterial flora detected of the uterine endometrial cavity of diabetic patients with myoma uteri Kansenshogaku Zasshi 199367(7):654–8. [PubMed: 8360520]
  490. Miller CE Are fibroids a cause of infertility? Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19978(4):639–47.
  491. Miller CE, Johnston M, Rundell M Laparoscopic myomectomy in the infertile woman J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19963(4):525–32. [PubMed: 9050683]
  492. Miller DK, Homan SM Determining transition probabilities: confusion and suggestions Med Decis Making 199414(1):52–8. [PubMed: 8152357]
  493. Milsom I, Ekelund P, Molander U, et al The influence of age, parity, oral contraception, hysterectomy and menopause on the prevalence of urinary incontinence in women J Urol 1993149(6):1459–62. [PubMed: 8501788]
  494. Mints M, Radestad A, Rylander E Follow up of hysteroscopic surgery for menorrhagia Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199877(4):435–8. [PubMed: 9598954]
  495. Misciagna G, Mangini V, Messa C, et al Gallstones and uterine fibroids Surg Gynecol Obstet 1987165(5):429–34. [PubMed: 3672302]
  496. Mizutani T, Sugihara A, Nakamuro K, et al Suppression of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis in uterine leiomyoma by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (leuprolide acetate) J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199883(4):1253–5. [PubMed: 9543151]
  497. Moghissi KS Hormonal therapy before surgical treatment for uterine leiomyomas Surg Gynecol Obstet 1991172(6):497–502. [PubMed: 1827931]
  498. Moher D, Jadad AR, Tugwell P Assessing the quality of randomized controlled trials. Current issues and future directions Inter J Tech Assess Health Care 199612(2):195–208. [PubMed: 8707495]
  499. Moller LMA, Berget A Prehysterectomy curettage in women with uterine fibromyomata is not worthwhile Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199372(5):374–6. [PubMed: 8392269]
  500. Mollica G, Pittini L, Minganti E, et al Elective uterine myomectomy in pregnant women Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199623(3):168–72. [PubMed: 8894327]
  501. Mommsen S, Foldspang A, Elving L, et al Association between urinary incontinence in women and a previous history of surgery Br J Urol 199372(1):30–7. [PubMed: 8149175]
  502. Monga AK, Woodhouse CR, Stanton SL Pregnancy and fibroids causing simultaneous urinary retention and ureteric obstruction Br J Urol 199677(4):606–7. [PubMed: 8777631]
  503. Montemagno U, De Placido G, Colacurci N, et al Uterine fibroids: Protocols of integrated medical/surgical treatment Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199320(3):167–72. [PubMed: 8403425]
  504. Morton CC Many tumors and many genes: Genetics of uterine leiomyomata Am J Pathol 1998153(4):1015–20. [PMC free article: PMC1853042] [PubMed: 9777932]
  505. Motashaw ND, Dave S, Paghdiwalla K Hysteroscopic management of submucous uterine myomata Gynaecol Endoscopy 19954(3):207–12.
  506. Mroueh J, Margono F, Feinkind L Tubal pregnancy associated with ampullary tubal leiomyoma Obstet Gynecol 199381(5 Pt 2):880–2. [PubMed: 8469506]
  507. Mukherjee T, Abadi M, Copperman AB, et al The effect of extended gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist administration on uterine leiomyoma histopathology J Gynecol Surg 199612(4):251–6.
  508. Mukherjee T, Barad D, Turk R, et al A randomized, placebo-controlled study on the effect of cyclic intermittent etidronate therapy on the bone mineral density changes associated with six months of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist treatment Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996175(1):105–9. [PubMed: 8694034]
  509. Mulvany NJ, Slavin JL, Ostor AG, et al Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases Int J Gynecol Pathol 199413(1):1–9. [PubMed: 8112951]
  510. Murphy AA RU486 in the treatment of leiomyomata uteri Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):57–68.
  511. Murphy AA, Castellano PZ RU486: Pharmacology and potential use in the treatment of endometriosis and leiomyomata uteri Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19946(3):269–78. [PubMed: 8038415]
  512. Murphy AA, Morales AJ, Kettel LM, et al Regression of uterine leiomyomata to the antiprogesterone RU486: dose-response effect Fertil Steril 199564(1):187–90. [PubMed: 7789557]
  513. Murray C, Tulandi T Prevention of postmyomectomy adhesions Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):169–77.
  514. Myers ER, Steege JF Risk adjustment for complications of hysterectomy: limitations of routinely collected administrative data Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999181(3):567–75. [PubMed: 10486465]
  515. Nachtigall LE, Nachtigall RH, Nachtigall RD, et al Estrogen replacement therapy I: a 10-year prospective study in the relationship to osteoporosis Obstet Gynecol 197953(3):277–81. [PubMed: 218151]
  516. Nagamani M, Stuart CA Specific binding sites for insulin in the human myometrium and leiomyomas of the uterus Fertil Steril 199258(1):120–3. [PubMed: 1623992]
  517. Nakamura Y, Yoshimura Y Treatment of uterine leiomyomas in perimenopausal women with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Clin Obstet Gynecol 199336(3):660–7. [PubMed: 8403612]
  518. Nakamura Y, Yoshimura Y, Yamada H, et al Treatment of uterine leiomyomata with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist: the possibility of nonsurgical management in selected perimenopausal women Fertil Steril 199155(5):900–5. [PubMed: 1902420]
  519. Narayan R, Rajat, Goswamy K Treatment of submucous fibroids, and outcome of assisted conception J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19941(4 Pt 1):307–11. [PubMed: 9138869]
  520. Narayansingh GV, Ramsewak S, Kissoon W Elective cesarean hysterectomy for uterine fibroids Int J Gynecol Obstet 199238(2):125–6. [PubMed: 1356843]
  521. Nathorst-Boos J, von Schoultz B Psychological reactions and sexual life after hysterectomy with and without oophorectomy Gynecol Obstet Invest 199234(2):97–101. [PubMed: 1398273]
  522. [electronic database]. Release 6; 1997 data. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Rockville, MD. Available from: http://www​.ntis.gov/fcpc/cpn8834.htm. 1997.
  523. Nencioni T, Penotti M, Barbieri-Carones M, et al Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist therapy and its effect on bone mass Gynecol Endocrinol 19915(1):49–56. [PubMed: 1910246]
  524. Neuwirth RS Hysteroscopic resection of submucous myomas Cervix & the Lower Female Genital Tract 19886(4):325–31.
  525. Neuwirth RS Hysteroscopic submucous myomectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):91–108. [PubMed: 8524536]
  526. Nezhat C The "cons" of laparoscopic myomectomy in women who may reproduce in the future Int J Fertil Menopausal Stud 199641(3):280–3. [PubMed: 8799756]
  527. Nezhat C, Nezhat F, Bess O, et al Laparoscopically assisted myomectomy: a report of a new technique in 57 cases Int J Fertil 199439(1):39–44. [PubMed: 8167679]
  528. Nezhat C, Nezhat F, Silfen SL, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy Int J Fertil 199136(5):275–80. [PubMed: 1683655]
  529. Nezhat FR, Roemisch M, Nezhat CH, et al Recurrence rate after laparoscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19985(3):237–40. [PubMed: 9668143]
  530. Nezhat FR, Seidman DS, Nezhat C, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy today. Why, when and for whom? Hum Reprod 199611(5):933–4. [PubMed: 8671365]
  531. Nikolic B, Spies JB, Lundsten MJ, et al Patient radiation dose associated with uterine artery embolization Radiology 2000214(1):121–5. [PubMed: 10644110]
  532. Nimaroff ML, Dimino M, Maloney S Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy of large myomatous uteri with supracervical amputation followed by trachelectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19963(4):585–7. [PubMed: 9050693]
  533. Nisolle M, Smets M, Malvaux V, et al Laparoscopic myolysis with the Nd:YAG laser J Gynecol Surg 19939(2):95–9. [PubMed: 10171973]
  534. Niu H, Simari RD, Zimmermann EM, et al Nonviral vector-mediated thymidine kinase gene transfer and ganciclovir treatment in leiomyoma cells Obstet Gynecol 199891(5 Pt 1):735–40. [PubMed: 9572221]
  535. Norris HJ, Hilliard GD, Irey NS Hemorrhagic cellular leiomyomas ("apoplectic leiomyoma") of the uterus associated with pregnancy and oral contraceptives Int J Gynecol Pathol 19887(3):212–24. [PubMed: 3182168]
  536. Nowak RA Fibroids: Pathophysiology and current medical treatment Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199913(2):223–38. [PubMed: 10755039]
  537. O'Connor DM, Norris HJ Mitotically active leiomyomas of the uterus. Hum Pathol. 1990;21:223–7. [PubMed: 2307449]
  538. Oguchi O, Mori A, Kobayashi Y, et al Prediction of histopathologic features and proliferative activity of uterine leiomyoma by magnetic resonance imaging prior to GnRH analogue therapy: Correlation between T2-Weighted images and effect of GnRH analogue J Obstet Gynaecol 199521(2):107–17. [PubMed: 8556572]
  539. Ojeda VJ The pathology of hysterectomy specimens N Z Med J 197989(631):169–71. [PubMed: 287933]
  540. Okizuka H, Sugimura K, Takemori M, et al MR detection of degenerating uterine leiomyomas J Comput Assist Tomogr 199317(5):760–6. [PubMed: 8370831]
  541. Olah KS, Dunn JA, Gee H Leiomyosarcomas have a poorer prognosis than mixed mesodermal tumours when adjusting for known prognostic factors: The result of a retrospective study of 423 cases of uterine sarcoma Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199299(7):590–4. [PubMed: 1326319]
  542. Oldenhave A, Jaszmann LJ, Everaerd WT, et al Hysterectomized women with ovarian conservation report more severe climacteric complaints than do normal climacteric women of similar age Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993168(3 Pt 1):765–71. [PubMed: 8456877]
  543. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, et al Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence Obstet Gynecol 199789(4):501–6. [PubMed: 9083302]
  544. Oyawoye OA Elective hysterectomy at Ilorin, Nigeria -- 4 year review J Obstet Gynaecol 199818(1):72–5. [PubMed: 15512009]
  545. Ozeren M, Ulusoy M, Uyanik E First-trimester spontaneous uterine rupture after traditional myomectomy: case report Isr J Med Sci 199733(11):752–3. [PubMed: 9434814]
  546. Packenham JP, du Manoir S, Schrock E, et al Analysis of genetic alterations in uterine leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas by comparative genomic hybridization Mol Carcinog 199719(4):273–9. [PubMed: 9290705]
  547. Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Gerkins VR, et al Menopausal estrogen therapy and hip fractures Ann Intern Med 198195(1):28–31. [PubMed: 7247123]
  548. Pairwuti S Pap smear examination of patients with leiomyoma J Med Assoc Thai 199174(10):471–4. [PubMed: 1797958]
  549. Palan PR, Goldberg GL, Basu J, et al Lipid-soluble antioxidants: beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol levels in breast and gynecologic cancers Gynecol Oncol 199455(1):72–7. [PubMed: 7959271]
  550. Palan PR, Mikhail M, Romney SL Decreased beta-carotene tissue levels in uterine leiomyomas and cancers of reproductive and nonreproductive organs Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989161(61):1649–52. [PubMed: 2603922]
  551. Palomba S, Affinito P, Di Carlo C, et al Long-term administration of tibolone plus gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas: Effectiveness and effects on vasomotor symptoms, bone mass, and lipid profiles Fertil Steril 199972(5):889–95. [PubMed: 10560995]
  552. Palomba S, Affinito P, Tommaselli GA, et al A clinical trial of the effects of tibolone administered with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for the treatment of uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 199870(1):111–8. [PubMed: 9660431]
  553. Parazzini F, Bortolotti A, Chiantera V, et al Goserelin acetate to avoid hysterectomy in pre-menopausal women with fibroids requiring surgery Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199987(1):31–3. [PubMed: 10579613]
  554. Parazzini F, Moroni S, La Vecchia C, et al Ovarian cancer risk and history of selected medical conditions linked with female hormones Eur J Cancer 199733(10):1634–7. [PubMed: 9389926]
  555. Parazzini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, et al Oral contraceptive use and risk of uterine fibroids Obstet Gynecol 199279(3):430–3. [PubMed: 1738528]
  556. Parazzini F, Negri E, La Vecchia C, et al Reproductive factors and risk of uterine fibroids Epidemiology 19967(4):440–2. [PubMed: 8793374]
  557. Parker WH Myomectomy: Laparoscopy or laparotomy? Clin Obstet Gynecol 199538(2):392–400. [PubMed: 7554606]
  558. Parker WH, Fu YS, Berek JS Uterine sarcoma in patients operated on for presumed leiomyoma and rapidly growing leiomyoma Obstet Gynecol 199483(3):414–8. [PubMed: 8127535]
  559. Parker WH, Rodi IA Patient selection for laparoscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19942(1):23–6. [PubMed: 9050528]
  560. Parys BT, Haylen BT, Hutton JL, et al The effects of simple hysterectomy on vesicourethral function Br J Urol 198964(6):594–9. [PubMed: 2627634]
  561. Parys BT, Haylen BT, Hutton JL, et al Urodynamic evaluation of lower urinary tract function in relation to total hysterectomy Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199030(2):161–5. [PubMed: 2400362]
  562. Parys BT, Woolfenden KA, Parsons KF Bladder dysfunction after simple hysterectomy: urodynamic and neurological evaluation Eur Urol 199017(2):129–33. [PubMed: 2311638]
  563. Patterson-Keels LM, Selvaggi SM, Haefner HK, et al Morphologic assessment of endometrium overlying submucosal leiomyomas J Reprod Med 199439(8):579–84. [PubMed: 7996520]
  564. Peacock LM, Rock JA Indications for and technique of myomectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):109–27.
  565. Pelage JP, Le Dref O, Soyer P, et al Fibroid-related menorrhagia: treatment with superselective embolization of the uterine arteries and midterm follow-up Radiology 2000215(2):428–31. [PubMed: 10796920]
  566. Pelosi MA 3rd, Pelosi MA Laparoscopic-assisted transvaginal myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19974(2):241–6. [PubMed: 9050735]
  567. Pelosi MA 3rd, Pelosi MA, Cantuaria GHC, et al Comparison of bimanual examination with ultrasound examination before hysterectomy for uterine leiomyoma (multiple letters) Obstet Gynecol 199892(5):–. [PubMed: 9649104]
  568. Negrin Perez MC, De La Torre Fdz P, Ramirez A Ureteral complications after gasless laparoscopic hysterectomy Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutaneous Tech 19999(4):300–2. [PubMed: 10871183]
  569. Perino A, Chianchiano N, Petronio M, et al Role of leuprolide acetate depot in hysteroscopic surgery: a controlled study Fertil Steril 199359(3):507–10. [PubMed: 8458448]
  570. Perry CM, Brogden RN Goserelin. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in benign gynaecological disorders Drugs 199651(2):319–46. [PubMed: 8808170]
  571. Phelan JP Myomas and pregnancy Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):801–5. [PubMed: 8786883]
  572. Phillips DR Laparoscopic leiomyoma coagulation (myolysis) Gynaecol Endoscopy 19954(1):3–4.
  573. Phillips DR, Milim SJ, Nathanson HG, et al Experience with laparoscopic leiomyoma coagulation and concomitant operative hysteroscopy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19974(4):425–33. [PubMed: 9224575]
  574. Phillips DR, Nathanson HG, Meltzer SM, et al Transcervical electrosurgical resection of submucous leiomyomas for chronic menorrhagia [published erratum appears in J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 1995 Aug;2(4):496] J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19952(2):147–53. [PubMed: 9050549]
  575. Phillips DR, Nathanson HG, Milim SJ, et al 100 laparoscopic hysterectomies in private practice and visiting professorship programs J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19953(1):47–53. [PubMed: 9050616]
  576. Phillips DR, Nathanson HG, Milim SJ, et al The effect of dilute vasopressin solution on blood loss during operative hysteroscopy: a randomized controlled trial Obstet Gynecol 199688(5):761–6. [PubMed: 8885909]
  577. Phillips SM, Sherwin BB Effects of estrogen on memory function in surgically menopausal women Psychoneuroendocrinology 199217(5):485–95. [PubMed: 1484915]
  578. Piazze Garnica J, Gallo G, Marzano PF, et al Clinical and ultrasonographic implications of uterine leiomyomatosis in pregnancy Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol 199522(4):293–7. [PubMed: 8777782]
  579. Pinto S, Coppo M, Bruni V, et al Changes in thromboxane A2 generation and plasma lipid pattern in pseudomenopause induced by gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) analogue buserelin Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 199143(3):203–7. [PubMed: 1908102]
  580. Piscitelli JT, Simel DL, Addison WA Who should have intravenous pyelograms before hysterectomy for benign disease? Obstet Gynecol 198769(4):541–5. [PubMed: 3822294]
  581. Pitkin RM Abdominal hysterectomy in obese women Surg Gynecol Obstet 1976142(4):532–36. [PubMed: 769202]
  582. Pitkin RM Does low-dose combination oral contraceptive use affect uterine size or menstrual flow in premenopausal women with leiomyomas? [retraction of Friedman AJ, Thomas PP. RL>In: Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(4):631-5] Obstet Gynecol 199586(5):–. [PubMed: 7898846]
  583. Piver MS, Jishi MF, Tsukada Y, et al Primary peritoneal carcinoma after prophylactic oophorectomy in women with a family history of ovarian cancer. A report of the Gilda Radner Familial Ovarian Cancer Registry Cancer 199371(9):2751–5. [PubMed: 8467455]
  584. Plockinger B, Kolbl H Development of ovarian pathology after hysterectomy without oophorectomy J Am Coll Surg 1994178(6):581–5. [PubMed: 8193751]
  585. Plosker GL, Brogden RN Leuprorelin. A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic use in prostatic cancer, endometriosis and other sex hormone-related disorders Drugs 199448(6):930–67. [PubMed: 7533699]
  586. Poad D, Arnold EP Sexual function after pelvic surgery in women Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199434(4):471–4. [PubMed: 7848244]
  587. Pokras R, Hufnagel VG Hysterectomy in the United States, 1965-84 Am J Public Health 198878(7):852–3. [PMC free article: PMC1350353] [PubMed: 3381968]
  588. Polet R, de Jong P, van der Spuy ZM, et al Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) -- an alternative to total abdominal hysterectomy S Afr Med J 199686(9 Suppl):1190–4. [PubMed: 9180782]
  589. Pooley AS, Ewen SP, Sutton CJG Does transcervical resection of the endometrium for menorrhagia really avoid hysterectomy? Life table analysis of a large series J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19985(3):229–35. [PubMed: 9668142]
  590. Prayson RA, Hart WR Mitotically active leiomyomas of the uterus Am J Clin Pathol 199297(1):14–20. [PubMed: 1728856]
  591. Preutthipan S Clinical applications of GnRH agonists in gynaecology J Med Assoc Thai 199376(Suppl. 1):11–8. [PubMed: 8113648]
  592. Prior A, Stanley KM, Smith AR, et al Relation between hysterectomy and the irritable bowel: a prospective study Gut 199233(6):814–7. [PMC free article: PMC1379342] [PubMed: 1624165]
  593. Puzigaca Z, Prelevic GM, Sretenovic Z Differential reduction in the volume of leiomyoma and uterus during buserelin treatment Gynecol Endocrinol 19948(1):39–43. [PubMed: 8059616]
  594. Qazi F, McGuire WP The treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 199545(2):88–101. [PubMed: 7889393]
  595. Ramzy AM, Sattar M, Amin Y, et al Uterine myomata and outcome of assisted reproduction Hum Reprod 199813(1):198–202. [PubMed: 9512257]
  596. Ransohoff DF, Lang CA Small adenomas detected during fecal occult blood test screening for colorectal cancer. The impact of serendipity JAMA 1990264(1):76–8. [PubMed: 2192093]
  597. Ravina JH, Vigneron NC, Aymard A, et al Pregnancy after embolization of uterine myoma: report of 12 cases Fertil Steril 200073(6):1241–3. [PubMed: 10856491]
  598. Ravn P, Lind C, Nilas L Lack of influence of simple premenopausal hysterectomy on bone mass and bone metabolism Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995172(3):891–5. [PubMed: 7892881]
  599. Ravnikar VA Compliance with hormone therapy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1987156(5):1332–4. [PubMed: 3578453]
  600. Ravnikar VA, Chen E Hysterectomies: where are the indications? Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199421(2):405–11. [PubMed: 7936552]
  601. Regidor PA, Schmidt M, Callies R, et al Estrogen and progesterone receptor content of GnRH analogue pretreated and untreated uterine leiomyomata Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199563(1):69–73. [PubMed: 8674569]
  602. Reich H Laparoscopic myomectomy Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):757–80. [PubMed: 8786880]
  603. Reich H, McGlynn F, Sekel L Total laparoscopic hysterectomy Gynaecol Endoscopy 19932(2):59–63.
  604. Reidy JF, Bradley EA Uterine artery embolization for fibroid disease Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 199821(5):357–60. [PubMed: 9853139]
  605. Reilly RJ, Nour N Abdominal myomectomy is associated with few surgical complications J Gynecol Tech 19984(3):107–12.
  606. Rein MS, Barbieri RL, Friedman AJ Progesterone: a critical role in the pathogenesis of uterine myomas Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995172(1 Pt 1):14–8. [PubMed: 7847524]
  607. Rein MS, Barbieri RL, Welch W, et al The concentrations of collagen-associated amino acids are higher in GnRH agonist-treated uterine myomas Obstet Gynecol 199382(6):901–5. [PubMed: 8233262]
  608. Rein MS, Friedman AJ, Heffner LJ Decreased prolactin secretion by explant cultures of fibroids from women treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199070(6):1554–8. [PubMed: 2112150]
  609. Rein MS, Friedman AJ, Pandian MR, et al The secretion of insulin-like growth factors I and II by explant cultures of fibroids and myometrium from women treated with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist Obstet Gynecol 199076(3 Pt 1):388–94. [PubMed: 2116610]
  610. Rein MS, Friedman AJ, Stuart JM, et al Fibroid and myometrial steroid receptors in women treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist leuprolide acetate Fertil Steril 199053(6):1018–23. [PubMed: 2112489]
  611. Rein MS, Powell WL, Walters FC, et al Cytogenetic abnormalities in uterine myomas are associated with myoma size Mol Hum Reprod 19984(1):83–6. [PubMed: 9510016]
  612. Reinsch RC, Murphy AA, Morales AJ, et al The effects of RU486 and leuprolide acetate on uterine artery blood flow in the fibroid uterus: a prospective, randomized study Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994170(6):1623–7.discussion 1627-8 . [PubMed: 8203418]
  613. Reiter RC, Wagner PL, Gambone JC Routine hysterectomy for large asymptomatic uterine leiomyomata: a reappraisal Obstet Gynecol 199279(4):481–4. [PubMed: 1553162]
  614. Rekers H, Drogendijk AC, Valkenburg HA, et al The menopause, urinary incontinence and other symptoms of the genito-urinary tract Maturitas 199215(2):101–11. [PubMed: 1470043]
  615. Rendina GM, Patrono D The use of a biological preparation in the treatment of some gynaecological diseases Curr Med Res Opin 19764(2):151–7. [PubMed: 776538]
  616. Rhodes JC, Kjerulff KH, Langenberg PW, et al Hysterectomy and sexual functioning JAMA 1999282(20):1934–41. [PubMed: 10580459]
  617. Ribeiro SC, Reich H, Rosenberg J, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy and pregnancy outcome in infertile patients Fertil Steril 199971(3):571–4. [PubMed: 10065802]
  618. Rice JP, Kay HH, Mahony BS The clinical significance of uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989160(5 Pt 1):1212–6. [PubMed: 2658611]
  619. Richardson RE, Bournas N, Magos AL Is laparoscopic hysterectomy a waste of time? Lancet 1995345(8941):36–41. [PubMed: 7799707]
  620. Riley P Treatment of prolapsed submucous fibroids S Afr Med J 198262(1):22–4. [PubMed: 7089775]
  621. Rinehart JS Myomas and infertility: small intramural myomas do not reduce pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization Assisted Reprod 19999(2):87–94.
  622. Rintala S, Kujansuu E, Teisala K, et al GnRH analogues and uterine leiomyomas. Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cell proliferation Gynecol Obstet Invest 199948(4):276–9. [PubMed: 10592433]
  623. Rivlin ME, Patel RB, Hess LW, et al Leuprolide acetate depot for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas. Changes in bone density, uterine volume and uterine vascular resistive index J Reprod Med 199439(9):663–6. [PubMed: 7807474]
  624. Roberts WE, Fulp KS, Morrison JC, et al The impact of leiomyomas on pregnancy Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 199939(1):43–7. [PubMed: 10099748]
  625. Roman JD, Trivedi AN Implementation of an outpatient hysteroscopy clinic at Waikato Women's Hospital report of the first 60 cases N Z Med J 1999112(1091):253–5. [PubMed: 10448983]
  626. Romero R, Chervenak FA, DeVore G, et al Fetal head deformation and congenital torticollis associated with a uterine tumor Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981141(7):839–40. [PubMed: 7198386]
  627. Roos NP Hysterectomies in one Canadian province: a new look at risks and benefits Am J Public Health 198474(1):39–46. [PMC free article: PMC1651382] [PubMed: 6689840]
  628. Rosati P, Bellati U, Exacoustos C, et al Uterine myoma in pregnancy: ultrasound study Int J Gynaecol Obstet 198928(2):109–17. [PubMed: 2563696]
  629. Rosenfeld DL Abdominal myomectomy for otherwise unexplained infertility Fertil Steril 198646(2):328–30. [PubMed: 3732540]
  630. Rossetti A, Paccosi M, Sizzi O, et al Dilute ornitin vasopressin and a myoma drill for laparoscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19996(2):189–93. [PubMed: 10226131]
  631. Rowe MK, Kanouse DE, Mittman BS, et al Quality of life among women undergoing hysterectomies Obstet Gynecol 199993(6):915–21. [PubMed: 10362154]
  632. Rutgers JL, Spong CY, Sinow R, et al Leuprolide acetate treatment and myoma arterial size Obstet Gynecol 199586(3):386–8. [PubMed: 7651647]
  633. Rzempoluch J, Kaminski BT, Wawryk R, et al Postoperative serum levels of some fat metabolism parameters in women with uterine leiomyoma, depending on the extent of surgery Zentralbl Gynakol 1989111(14):960–6. [PubMed: 2800780]
  634. Sadik S, Uran B, Ozaydin T Laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with suturing technique J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19952(4):437–40. [PubMed: 9050599]
  635. Sakamoto S, Kudo H, Kawasaki T, et al Effects of a Chinese herbal medicine, keishi-bukuryo-gan, on the gonadal system of rats Ethnopharmacology 198823(2-3):151–8. [PubMed: 3143030]
  636. Sakamoto S, Yoshino H, Shirahata Y, et al Pharmacotherapeutic effects of kuei-chih-fu-ling-wan (keishi-bukuryo-gan) on human uterine myomas Am J Chin Med 199220(3-4):313–7. [PubMed: 1471615]
  637. Saltiel E Potential cost savings using GnRH agonists as preoperative therapy for uterine leiomyomas Hosp Formulary 199530(9):532–42. [PubMed: 10161243]
  638. Samuelsson EC, Arne Victor FT, Tibblin G, et al Signs of genital prolapse in a Swedish population of women 20 to 59 years of age and possible related factors Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999180(2 Pt 1):299–305. [PubMed: 9988790]
  639. Sandy II EA The combined use of leuprolide acetate depot and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy in the treatment of symptomatic uterine leiomyomas J Gynecol Surg 19939(3):183–4.
  640. Sato F, Nishi M, Kudo R, et al Body fat distribution and uterine leiomyomas J Epidemiol 19988(3):176–80. [PubMed: 9782674]
  641. Schairer C, Persson I, Falkeborn M, et al Breast cancer risk associated with gynecologic surgery and indications for such surgery Int J Cancer 199770(2):150–4. [PubMed: 9009152]
  642. Scher KS Unplanned reoperation for bleeding Am Surg 199662(1):52–5. [PubMed: 8540646]
  643. Schlaff WD, Zerhouni EA, Huth JA, et al A placebo-controlled trial of a depot gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (leuprolide) in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata Obstet Gynecol 198974(6):856–62. [PubMed: 2511532]
  644. Schneider A, Merker A, Martin C, et al Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy as an alternative to abdominal hysterectomy in patients with fibroids Arch Gynecol Obstet 1997259(2):79–85. [PubMed: 9059748]
  645. Schofield MJ, Bennett A, Redman S, et al Self-reported long-term outcomes of hysterectomy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 199198(11):1129–36. [PubMed: 1760425]
  646. Schricker T, Berroth A, Pfeiffer U, et al Assessment of perioperative glycerol metabolism by stable isotope tracer technique Nutrition 199713(3):191–5. [PubMed: 9131677]
  647. Schricker T, Carli F, Schreiber M, et al Time of peritoneal cavity exposure influences postoperative glucose production Can J Anaesth 199946(4):352–8. [PubMed: 10232719]
  648. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Grimes DA, et al Assessing the quality of randomization from reports of controlled trials published in obstetrics and gynecology journals JAMA 1994272(2):125–8. [PubMed: 8015122]
  649. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, et al Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials JAMA 1995273(5):408–12. [PubMed: 7823387]
  650. Schust DJ, Friedman AJ Treatment of uterine leiomyomas in the perimenopause Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19956(4):739–56.
  651. Schutter EM, Kenemans P, Sohn C, et al Diagnostic value of pelvic examination, ultrasound, and serum CA 125 in postmenopausal women with a pelvic mass. An international multicenter study Cancer 199474(4):1398–406. [PubMed: 8055463]
  652. Schwartz LB, Diamond MP, Schwartz PE Leiomyosarcomas: clinical presentation Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993168(1 Pt 1):180–3. [PubMed: 8420323]
  653. Schwartz LB, Rutkowski N, Horan C, et al Use of transvaginal ultrasonography to monitor the effects of tamoxifen on uterine leiomyoma size and ovarian cyst formation J Ultrasound Med 199817(11):699–703. [PubMed: 9805306]
  654. Schwartz LB, Zawin M, Carcangiu ML, et al Does pelvic magnetic resonance imaging differentiate among the histologic subtypes of uterine leiomyomata? Fertil Steril 199870(3):580–7. [PubMed: 9757898]
  655. Schwartz Z, Dgani R, Katz Z, et al Urinary retention caused by impaction of leiomyoma in pregnancy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198665(5):525–6. [PubMed: 3776497]
  656. Schwarzler P, Concin H, Bosch H, et al An evaluation of sonohysterography and diagnostic hysteroscopy for the assessment of intrauterine pathology Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 199811(5):337–42. [PubMed: 9644773]
  657. Schwarzler P, Senat MV, Holden D, et al Feasibility of the second-trimester fetal ultrasound examination in an unselected population at 18, 20 or 22 weeks of pregnancy: a randomized trial Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 199914(2):92–7. [PubMed: 10492867]
  658. Schweppe KW, Beller FK [Prophylactic oophorectomy (author's transl)] Geburtshilfe Und Frauenheilkunde 197939(12):1024–32.[German] [PubMed: 520781]
  659. Scialli AR Alternatives to hysterectomy for benign conditions Int J Fertil Womens Med 199843(4):186–91. [PubMed: 9726846]
  660. Scialli AR, Jestila KJ Sustained benefits of leuprolide acetate with or without subsequent medroxyprogesterone acetate in the nonsurgical management of leiomyomata uteri Fertil Steril 199564(2):313–20. [PubMed: 7615109]
  661. Seidman DS, Nezhat CH, Nezhat F, et al Laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):161–7.
  662. Seinera P, Arisio R, Decko A, et al Laparoscopic myomectomy: Indications, surgical technique and complications Hum Reprod 199712(9):1927–30. [PubMed: 9363708]
  663. Seinera P, Gaglioti P, Volpi E, et al Ultrasound evaluation of uterine wound heALIGN following laparoscopic myomectomy: preliminary results Hum Reprod 199914(10):2460–3. [PubMed: 10527969]
  664. Sener AB, Seckin NC, Ozmen S, et al The effects of hormone replacement therapy on uterine fibroids in postmenopausal women Fertil Steril 199665(2):354–7. [PubMed: 8566261]
  665. Seoud MA-F, Patterson R, Muasher SJ, et al Effects of myomas or prior myomectomy on in vitro fertilization (IVF) performance J Assist Reprod Genet 19929(3):217–21. [PubMed: 1525449]
  666. Serra GB, Panetta V, Colosimo M, et al Efficacy of leuprorelin acetate depot in symptomatic fibromatous uteri: the Italian multicentre trial Clin Ther 199214(Suppl A):57–73. [PubMed: 1606594]
  667. Servy EJ, Tzingounis VA Tubal patency: hysterosalpingography compared with laparoscopy Southern Med J 197871(12):1511–2. [PubMed: 152979]
  668. Settnes A, Jorgensen T Hysterectomy in a Danish cohort. Prevalence, incidence and socio-demographic characteristics Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199675(3):274–80. [PubMed: 8607343]
  669. Shaw RW Mechanism of LHRH analogue action in uterine fibroids Horm Res 198932Suppl 1:150–3. [PubMed: 2533145]
  670. Shaw RW Blood flow changes in the uterus induced by treatment with GnRH analogues Hum Reprod 199611(Suppl. 3):27–32. [PubMed: 9147099]
  671. Shaw RW Gonadotrophin hormone-releasing hormone analogue treatment of fibroids Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199812(2):245–68. [PubMed: 10023421]
  672. Shekelle PG, Kahan JP, Bernstein SJ, et al The reproducibility of a method to identify the overuse and underuse of medical procedures N Engl J Med 1998338(26):1888–95. [PubMed: 9637810]
  673. Sherwin BB, Tulandi T "Add-back" estrogen reverses cognitive deficits induced by a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in women with leiomyomata uteri J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199681(7):2545–9. [PubMed: 8675575]
  674. Shushan A, Mohamed H, Magos AL A case-control study to compare the variability of operating time in laparoscopic and open surgery Hum Reprod 199914(6):1467–9. [PubMed: 10357960]
  675. Siddle N, Sarrel P, Whitehead M The effect of hysterectomy on the age at ovarian failure: identification of a subgroup of women with premature loss of ovarian function and literature review Fertil Steril 198747(1):94–100. [PubMed: 3539646]
  676. Simon FA Jr Leiomyomas in pregnancy Am Fam Physician 198837(2):163–6. [PubMed: 3278562]
  677. Sirjusingh A, Bassaw B, Roopnarinesingh S The results of abdominal myomectomy West Indian Med J 199443(4):138–9. [PubMed: 7900378]
  678. Siskin GP, Eaton LA Jr, Stainken BF, et al Pathologic findings in a uterine leiomyoma after bilateral uterine artery embolization J Vasc Interv Radiol 199910(7):891–4. [PubMed: 10435706]
  679. Siskin GP, Stainken BF, Dowling K, et al Outpatient uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine fibroids: experience in 49 patients. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2000;11:305–11. [PubMed: 10735424]
  680. Sivin I, Stern J Health during prolonged use of levonorgestrel 20 micrograms/d and the copper TCu 380Ag intrauterine contraceptive devices: a multicenter study. International Committee for Contraception Research (ICCR) Fertil Steril 199461(1):70–7. [PubMed: 8293847]
  681. Skoner MM, Thompson WD, Caron VA Factors associated with risk of stress urinary incontinence in women Nurs Res 199443(5):301–6. [PubMed: 7937177]
  682. Slade RJ, McCallum KA, Ellis JD Endometrial resection after GnRH analogue therapy -- a possible new treatment for fibromyomata J Obstet Gynaecol 199313(1):69–71.
  683. Smith DC, Uhlir JK Myomectomy as a reproductive procedure Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990162(6):1476–9.discussion 1479-82 . [PubMed: 2360579]
  684. Smoot JS, Zaloudek C Myometrial and stromal lesions of the uterus Clin Lab Med 199515(3):545–73. [PubMed: 8542723]
  685. 25th Annual Scientific Meeting; March 25-30, 2000; San Diego, CA J Vasc Interven Radiol 200011(2, Part 2: Supplement). [PubMed: 10721513]
  686. Soderstrom RM, Hardiman MK, Reiter RC, et al Routine hysterectomy for large asymptomatic uterine leiomyomata: A reappraisal Obstet Gynecol 199280(3 I):474–6. [PubMed: 1495710]
  687. Sofer T, Roos NP, Nelson N Hysterectomy in Manitoba -- 1970-1978: patterns of practice and changes over time Can J Public Health 198374(2):100–5. [PubMed: 6682693]
  688. Sorensen SS, Colov NP, Vejerslev LO Pre- and postoperative therapy with GnRH agonist for endometrial resection. A prospective, randomized study Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199776(4):340–4. [PubMed: 9174428]
  689. Sosa JL, Sleeman D, McKenney MG, et al A comparison of laparoscopic and traditional appendectomy J Laparoendosc Surg 19933(2):129–31. [PubMed: 8518464]
  690. Sosic A, Skupski DW, Streltzoff J, et al Vascularity of uterine myomas: Assessment by color and pulsed Doppler ultrasound Int J Gynecol Obstet 199654(3):245–50. [PubMed: 8889632]
  691. Sourla A, Polychronakos C, Zeng WR, et al Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 messenger RNA expression and molecular evidence for del(7)(q22) in uterine leiomyomas Cancer Res 199656(13):3123–8. [PubMed: 8674071]
  692. Spaulding LB Endometrial ablation for refractory postmenopausal bleeding with continuous hormone replacement therapy Fertil Steril 199462(6):1181–5. [PubMed: 7957981]
  693. Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 5th edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1994: pp. 745-7.
  694. Speroff L, Glass RH, Kase NG Clinical gynecologic endocrinology and infertility. 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1999: pp. 149-53.
  695. Speroff T, Dawson NV, Speroff L, et al A risk-benefit analysis of elective bilateral oophorectomy: effect of changes in compliance with estrogen therapy on outcome Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991164(1 Pt 1):165–74. [PubMed: 1986605]
  696. Spies JB, Scialli AR, Jha RC, et al Initial results from uterine fibroid embolization for symptomatic leiomyomata J Vasc Interv Radiol 199910(9):1149–57. [PubMed: 10527190]
  697. Spies JB, Warren EH, Mathias SD, et al Uterine fibroid embolization: measurement of health-related quality of life before and after therapy J Vasc Interv Radiol 199910(10):1293–303. [PubMed: 10584643]
  698. Spong CY, Sinow R, Renslo R, et al Induced hypoestrogenism increases the arterial resistance index of leiomyomata without affecting uterine or carotid arteries J Assist Reprod Genet 199512(5):338–41. [PubMed: 8520200]
  699. Sreenan JJ, Prayson RA, Biscotti CV, et al Histopathologic findings in 107 uterine leiomyomas treated with leuprolide acetate compared with 126 controls [published erratum appears in Am J Surg Pathol 1996 Sep;20(9):1160] Am J Surg Pathol 199620(4):427–32. [PubMed: 8604809]
  700. Stanton SL, Hilton P, Norton C, et al Clinical and urodynamic effects of anterior colporrhaphy and vaginal hysterectomy for prolapse with and without incontinence Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198289(6):459–63. [PubMed: 7082603]
  701. Starks GC CO2 laser myomectomy in an infertile population J Reprod Med 198833(2):184–6. [PubMed: 3351816]
  702. Stewart EA, Friedman AJ Steroidal treatment of myomas: preoperative and long-term medical therapy Semin Reprod Endocrinol 199210(4):344–57.
  703. Stewart EA, Nowak RA Leiomyoma-related bleeding: a classic hypothesis updated for the molecular era Hum Reprod Update 19962(4):295–306. [PubMed: 9080227]
  704. Stewart EA, Nowak RA New concepts in the treatment of uterine leiomyomas Obstet Gynecol 199892(4 I):624–7. [PubMed: 9764641]
  705. Stjernquist M Treatment of uterine fibroids with GnRH-analogues prior to hysterectomy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1997. Suppl 76 (164)94–7. [PubMed: 9225649]
  706. Stovall DW, Parrish SB, Van Voorhis BJ, et al Uterine leiomyomas reduce the efficacy of assisted reproduction cycles: results of a matched follow-up study Hum Reprod 199813(1):192–7. [PubMed: 9512256]
  707. Stovall TG Rationale for the short-term use of luteinising hormone-releasing hormone analogues in the treatment of uterine myomata Horm Res 198932(Suppl. 1):134–6. [PubMed: 2693324]
  708. Stovall TG Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists: utilization before hysterectomy Clin Obstet Gynecol 199336(3):642–9. [PubMed: 8403610]
  709. Stovall TG, Ling FW, Crawford DA Hysterectomy for chronic pelvic pain of presumed uterine etiology Obstet Gynecol 199075(4):676–9. [PubMed: 2248635]
  710. Stovall TG, Ling FW, Henry LC, et al A randomized trial evaluating leuprolide acetate before hysterectomy as treatment for leiomyomas Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991164(6 Pt 1):1420–3.discussion 1423-5 . [PubMed: 1904681]
  711. Stovall TG, Muneyyirci-Delale O, Summitt RL Jr, et al GnRH agonist and iron versus placebo and iron in the anemic patient before surgery for leiomyomas: a randomized controlled trial. Leuprolide Acetate Study Group Obstet Gynecol 199586(1):65–71. [PubMed: 7784025]
  712. Stovall TG, Summit RL Jr, Washburn SA, et al Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist use before hysterectomy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994170(6):1744–8.discussion 1748-51 . [PubMed: 8203435]
  713. Stringer NH Laparoscopic myomectomy in African-American women J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19963(3):375–81. [PubMed: 9050659]
  714. Stringer NH One hundred laparoscopic myomectomies with ultrasonic energy: Surgical evaluation of a new energy source Gynaecol Endoscopy 19987(2):85–93.
  715. Stringer NH, McMillen MA, Jones RL, et al Uterine closure with the endo stitch 10-mm laparoscopic suturing device -- a review of 50 laparoscopic myomectomies Int J Fertil Womens Med 199742(5):288–96. [PubMed: 9406833]
  716. Stringer NH, Walker JC, Meyer PM Comparison of 49 laparoscopic myomectomies with 49 open myomectomies J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19974(4):457–64. [PubMed: 9224580]
  717. Strobelt N, Ghidini A, Cavallone M, et al Natural history of uterine leiomyomas in pregnancy J Ultrasound Med 199413(5):399–401. [PubMed: 8015049]
  718. Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. JAMA. 2000;283:2008–12. [PubMed: 10789670]
  719. Studd J, Leather AT The need for add-back with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist therapy Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(Suppl 14):1–4. [PubMed: 8916978]
  720. Sudik R, Husch K, Steller J, et al Fertility and pregnancy outcome after myomectomy in sterility patients Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199665(2):209–14. [PubMed: 8730626]
  721. Sutton CJG Treatment of large utrine fibroids Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(6):494–6. [PubMed: 8645637]
  722. Swe TT, Onitsuka H, Kawamoto K, et al Uterine leiomyoma: Correlation between signal intensity on magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic characteristics Radiat Med 199210(6):235–42. [PubMed: 1287735]
  723. Szafranko K, Powolny M Comparative analysis of surgical procedures for uterine myomas in the year 1986-1995 in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of the Ministry of Home Affairs Hospital in Warsaw Med Sci Monitor 19973(1):76–80.
  724. Szamatowicz J, Laudanski T, Bulkszas B, et al Fibromyomas and uterine contractions Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199776(10):973–6. [PubMed: 9435739]
  725. Tahir MM, Bigrigg MA, Browning JJ, et al A randomised controlled trial comparing transvaginal ultrasound, outpatient hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy with inpatient hysteroscopy and curettage Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1999106(12):1259–64. [PubMed: 10609719]
  726. Takamizawa S, Minakami H, Usui R, et al Risk of complications and uterine mALIGNancies in women undergoing hysterectomy for presumed benign leiomyomas Gynecol Obstet Invest 199948(3):193–6. [PubMed: 10545745]
  727. Taylor CV, Letarte M, Lye SJ The expression of integrins and cadherins in normal human uterus and uterine leiomyomas Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996175(2):411–9. [PubMed: 8765262]
  728. Taylor T, Smith AN, Fulton PM Effect of hysterectomy on bowel function BMJ 1989299(6694):300–1. [PMC free article: PMC1837168] [PubMed: 2504409]
  729. Tepper R, Beyth Y, Altaras MM, et al Value of sonohysterography in asymptomatic postmenopausal tamoxifen-treated patients Gynecol Oncol 199764(3):386–91. [PubMed: 9062139]
  730. Thom DH, van den Eeden SK, Brown JS Evaluation of parturition and other reproductive variables as risk factors for urinary incontinence in later life Obstet Gynecol 199790(6):983–9. [PubMed: 9397116]
  731. Thomas EJ Add-back therapy for long-term use in dysfunctional uterine bleeding and uterine fibroids Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996103(Suppl 14):18–21. [PubMed: 8916983]
  732. Thorsen P, Moller BR, Ahrons S GnRH-agonist in the treatment of fibromyomata of the uterus J Obstet Gynaecol 199313(1):68–9.
  733. Tiltman AJ The effect of progestins on the mitotic activity of uterine fibromyomas Int J Gynecol Pathol 19854(2):89–96. [PubMed: 3926664]
  734. Togashi K, Ozasa H, Konishi I, et al Enlarged uterus: differentiation between adenomyosis and leiomyoma with MR imaging Radiology 1989171(2):531–4. [PubMed: 2704819]
  735. Tomas E, Kauppila A, Blanco G, et al Comparison between the effects of tamoxifen and toremifene on the uterus in postmenopausal breast cancer patients Gynecol Oncol 199559(2):261–6. [PubMed: 7590484]
  736. Torrance GW Preferences for health outcomes and cost-utility analysis Am J Managed Care 19973(Suppl):S8–20. [PubMed: 10180342]
  737. Treissman DA, Bate JT, Randall PT Epidural use of morphine in managing the pain of carneous degeneration of a uterine leiomyoma during pregnancy CMAJ 1982126(5):505–6. [PMC free article: PMC1863056] [PubMed: 7066809]
  738. Tuck SM, Yudkin PL, Turnbull AC Pregnancy outcome in elderly primigravidae with and without a history of infertility Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198895(3):230–7. [PubMed: 3370195]
  739. Tulandi T, Murray C, Guralnick M Adhesion formation and reproductive outcome after myomectomy and second-look laparoscopy Obstet Gynecol 199382(2):213–5. [PubMed: 8336866]
  740. Tulandi T, Popkin D Infertility surgery with the laser beam. Obstet Gynecol Annual. 1985;14:266–76. [PubMed: 3885095]
  741. Tulandi T, Youseff H Laparoscopy-assisted myomectomy of large uterine myomas Gynaecol Endoscopy 19976(2):105–8.
  742. Tuppurainen M, Honkanen R, Kroger H, et al Osteoporosis risk factors, gynaecological history and fractures in perimenopausal women -- the results of the baseline postal enquiry of the Kuopio Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Study Maturitas 199317(2):89–100. [PubMed: 8231907]
  743. Tuppurainen M, Kroger H, Saarikoski S, et al The effect of gynecological risk factors on lumbar and femoral bone mineral density in peri- and postmenopausal women Maturitas 199521(2):137–45. [PubMed: 7752951]
  744. Turner RT, Berman AM, Topel HC Improved demonstration of endometrial polyps and submucous myomas using saline-enhanced vaginal sonohysterography J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19952(4):421–5. [PubMed: 9050596]
  745. Ubaldi F, Tournaye H, Camus M, et al Fertility after hysteroscopic myomectomy Hum Reprod Update 19951(1):81–90. [PubMed: 9080209]
  746. Ueki M, Okamoto Y, Tsurunaga T, et al Endocrinological and histological changes after treatment of uterine leiomyomas with danazol or buserelin J Obstet Gynaecol 199521(1):1–7. [PubMed: 8591104]
  747. Uemura T, Mori J, Yoshimura Y, et al Treatment effects of GnRH agonist on the binding of estrogen and progesterone, and the histological findings of uterine leiomyomas Asia Oceania J Obstet Gynaecol 199117(4):315–20. [PubMed: 1724899]
  748. Ugur M, Turan C, Mungan T, et al Laparoscopy for adhesion prevention following myomectomy Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199653(2):145–9. [PubMed: 8735295]
  749. Ugwumadu AH, Harding K Uterine leiomyomata and endometrial proliferation in postmenopausal women treated with the anti-oestrogen tamoxifen Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 199454(2):153–6. [PubMed: 8070603]
  750. Valle RF Hysteroscopy in the evaluation of female infertility Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980137(4):425–31. [PubMed: 7386525]
  751. van Dam JH, Gosselink MJ, Drogendijk AC, et al Changes in bowel function after hysterectomy Dis Colon Rectum 199740(11):1342–7. [PubMed: 9369110]
  752. Van der Ven LTM, Van Buul-Offers SC, Gloudemans T, et al Modulation of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) action by IGF-binding proteins in normal, benign, and mALIGNant smooth muscle tissues J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199618(10):3629–35. [PubMed: 8855813]
  753. Van Dinh T, Woodruff JD Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus Am J Obstet Gynecol 1982144(7):817–23. [PubMed: 7148905]
  754. van Leusden HA Symptom-free interval after triptorelin treatment of uterine fibroids: long-term results Gynecol Endocrinol 19926(3):189–98. [PubMed: 1442164]
  755. Varasteh NN, Neuwirth RS, Levin B, et al Pregnancy rates after hysteroscopic polypectomy and myomectomy in infertile women Obstet Gynecol 199994(2):168–71. [PubMed: 10432121]
  756. Varma JS Autonomic influences on colorectal motility and pelvic surgery World J Surg 199216(5):811–9. [PubMed: 1462613]
  757. Vashisht A, Studd J, Carey A, et al Fatal septicaemia after fibroid embolisation Lancet 1999354(9175):307–8. [PubMed: 10440317]
  758. Vavala V, Lanzone A, Monaco A, et al Postoperative GnRH analog treatment for the prevention of recurrences of uterine myomas after myomectomy. A pilot study Gynecol Obstet Invest 199743(4):251–4. [PubMed: 9194624]
  759. Velebil P, Wingo PA, Xia Z, et al Rate of hospitalization for gynecologic disorders among reproductive-age women in the United States Obstet Gynecol 199586(5):764–9. [PubMed: 7566845]
  760. Vercellini P, Bocciolone L, Colombo A, et al Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist treatment before hysterectomy for menorrhagia and uterine leiomyomas Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199372(5):369–73. [PubMed: 8392268]
  761. Vercellini P, Crosignani PG Goserelin (Zoladex) and the anaemic patient Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994101(10 Suppl.):33–7. [PubMed: 8199103]
  762. Vercellini P, Crosignani PG, Mangioni C, et al Treatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist before hysterectomy for leiomyomas: results of a multicentre, randomised controlled trial Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998105(11):1148–54. [PubMed: 9853762]
  763. Vercellini P, Maddalena S, De Giorgi O, et al Determinants of reproductive outcome after abdominal myomectomy for infertility Fertil Steril 199972(1):109–14. [PubMed: 10428157]
  764. Vercellini P, Oldani S, De Giorgi O, et al Endometrial ablation with a vaporizing electrode. II. Clinical outcome of a pilot study Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 199877(6):688–93. [PubMed: 9688250]
  765. Vercellini P, Zaina B, Yaylayan L, et al Hysteroscopic myomectomy: long-term effects on menstrual pattern and fertility Obstet Gynecol 199994(3):341–7. [PubMed: 10472856]
  766. Vergani P, Ghidini A, Strobelt N, et al Do uterine leiomyomas influence pregnancy outcome? Am J Perinatol 199411(5):356–8. [PubMed: 7993518]
  767. Verkauf BS Myomectomy for fertility enhancement and preservation Fertil Steril 199258(1):1–15. [PubMed: 1623990]
  768. Verkauf BS Changing trends in treatment of leiomyomata uteri Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 19935(3):301–10. [PubMed: 8329644]
  769. Verkauf BS The myomatous uterus and reproductive failure. Diagnostic aids for planning therapy Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19956(1):103–34.
  770. Verkauf BS Myomectomy as a fertility-promoting procedure Infertil Reprod Med Clinics North Am 19967(1):69–89.
  771. Vervest HA, Kiewiet de Jonge M, Vervest TM, et al Micturition symptoms and urinary incontinence after non-radical hysterectomy Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198867(2):141–6. [PubMed: 3176929]
  772. Vervest HA, van Venrooij GE, Barents JW, et al Non-radical hysterectomy and the function of the lower urinary tract. I: Urodynamic quantification of changes in storage function Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198968(3):221–9. [PubMed: 2618605]
  773. Vervest HA, van Venrooij GE, Barents JW, et al Non-radical hysterectomy and the function of the lower urinary tract. II: Urodynamic quantification of changes in evacuation function Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 198968(3):231–5. [PubMed: 2618606]
  774. Vilos GA, Pispidikis JT, Botz CK Economic evaluation of hysteroscopic endometrial ablation versus vaginal hysterectomy for menorrhagia Obstet Gynecol 199688(2):241–5. [PubMed: 8692509]
  775. Virtanen H, Makinen J, Tenho T, et al Effects of abdominal hysterectomy on urinary and sexual symptoms Br J Urol 199372(6):868–72. [PubMed: 8306148]
  776. Viville B, Charnock-Jones DS, Sharkey AM, et al Distribution of the A and B forms of the progesterone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid and protein in uterine leiomyomata and adjacent myometrium Hum Reprod 199712(4):815–22. [PubMed: 9159448]
  777. Vollenhoven B Introduction: The epidemiology of uterine leiomyomas Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199812(2):169–76. [PubMed: 10023416]
  778. Vollenhoven BJ, Healy DL Fibroids: Diagnosis and management Modern Med Aust 199336(2):46–55.
  779. Vollenhoven BJ, Herington AC, Healy DL Messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins in uterine fibroids and myometrium J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199376(5):1106–10. [PubMed: 7684390]
  780. Vollenhoven BJ, Herington AC, Healy DL Messenger RNA encoding the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins, in women with fibroids, pretreated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonists Hum Reprod 19949(2):214–9. [PubMed: 7517948]
  781. Vollenhoven BJ, Herington AC, Healy DL Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta in uterine fibroids and myometriu Gynecol Obstet Invest 199540(2):120–4. [PubMed: 8575689]
  782. Vollenhoven BJ, McCloud P, Shekleton P, et al An open study of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonists in infertile women with uterine fibroids Gynecol Endocrinol 19937(1):57–61. [PubMed: 8506764]
  783. Vollenhoven BJ, Pearce P, Herington AC, et al Steroid receptor binding and messenger RNA expression in fibroids from untreated and gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist pretreated women Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 199440(4):537–44. [PMC free article: PMC298219] [PubMed: 8187322]
  784. Vollenhoven BJ, Shekleton P, McDonald J, et al Clinical predictors for buserelin acetate treatment of uterine fibroids: a prospective study of 40 women Fertil Steril 199054(6):1032–8. [PubMed: 2123160]
  785. Vu K, Greenspan DL, Wu TC, et al Cellular proliferation, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and bcl-2 expression in GnRH agonist-treated uterine leiomyomas Hum Pathol 199829(4):359–63. [PubMed: 9563785]
  786. Wake CR The immediate effect of abdominal hysterectomy on intravesical pressure and detrusor activity Br J Obstet Gynaecol 198087(10):901–2. [PubMed: 7426488]
  787. Wallach EE, Vu KK Myomata uteri and infertility Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 199522(4):791–9. [PubMed: 8786882]
  788. Walling AD The role of GnRH agonist therapy before hysterectomy Am Fam Physician 199552(1):253–258.
  789. Wamsteker K, Emanuel MH, de Kruif JH Transcervical hysteroscopic resection of submucous fibroids for abnormal uterine bleeding: results regarding the degree of intramural extension Obstet Gynecol 199382(5):736–40. [PubMed: 8414318]
  790. Wang PH, Lee WL, Chao HT, et al Relationship between hormone receptor concentration and tumor shrinkage in uterine myoma after treatment with a GnRHa Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 199962(5):294–9. [PubMed: 10389284]
  791. Wang PH, Yang AH, Yuan CC, et al Uterine myoma after cessation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist: ultrasound and histopathologic findings Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih (Taipei) 199861(11):625–9. [PubMed: 9872018]
  792. Warnock JK, Bundren JC, Morris DW Depressive symptoms associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Depress Anxiety 19987(4):171–7. [PubMed: 9706454]
  793. Watanabe Y, Nakamura G Effects of two different doses of leuprolide acetate depot on uterine cavity area in patients with uterine leiomyomata Fertil Steril 199563(3):487–90. [PubMed: 7851574]
  794. Watanabe Y, Nakamura G, Matsuguchi H, et al Efficacy of a low-dose leuprolide acetate depot in the treatment of uterine leiomyomata in Japanese women Fertil Steril 199258(1):66–71. [PubMed: 1624025]
  795. Watson NR, Studd JW, Garnett T, et al Bone loss after hysterectomy with ovarian conservation Obstet Gynecol 199586(1):72–7. [PubMed: 7784026]
  796. Weather L Jr Carbon dioxide laser myomectomy J Natl Med Assoc 198678(10):933–6. [PMC free article: PMC2571472] [PubMed: 3097332]
  797. Webb MJ, Aronson MP, Ferguson LK, et al Posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse: primary repair in 693 patients Obstet Gynecol 199892(2):281–5. [PubMed: 9699767]
  798. Weber AM, Mitchinson AR, Gidwani GP, et al Uterine myomas and factors associated with hysterectomy in premenopausal women Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997176(6):1213–9. [PubMed: 9215176]
  799. Weber AM, Walters MD, Schover LR, et al Functional outcomes and satisfaction after abdominal hysterectomy Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999181(3):530–5. [PubMed: 10486459]
  800. Weeks AD, Duffy SRG, Walker JJ Uterine ultrasonographic changes with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999180(1 Pt 1):8–13. [PubMed: 9914569]
  801. Weinreb JC, Brown CE, Lowe TW, et al Pelvic masses in pregnant patients: MR and US imaging Radiology 1986159(3):717–24. [PubMed: 3517956]
  802. West C Management of uterine fibroids Practitioner 1992236(1511):117–8,121. [PubMed: 1598325]
  803. West CP LHRH analogues in the management of uterine fibroids, premenstrual syndrome and breast mALIGNancies Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19882(3):689–709. [PubMed: 3069270]
  804. West CP Hysterectomy and myomectomy by laparotomy Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199812(2):317–35. [PubMed: 10023424]
  805. West CP, Lumsden MA Fibroids and menorrhagia Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19893(2):357–74. [PubMed: 2692925]
  806. West CP, Lumsden MA, Baird DT LHRH analogues and fibroids -- Potential for longer-term use Horm Res 198932(Suppl. 1):146–9. [PubMed: 2693325]
  807. West CP, Lumsden MA, Hillier H, et al Potential role for medroxyprogesterone acetate as an adjunct to goserelin (Zoladex) in the medical management of uterine fibroids Hum Reprod 19927(3):328–32. [PubMed: 1534089]
  808. Whittemore AS, Harris R, Itnyre J Characteristics relating to ovarian cancer risk: collaborative analysis of 12 US case-control studies. II. Invasive epithelial ovarian cancers in white women. Collaborative Ovarian Cancer Group Am J Epidemiol 1992136(10):1184–203. [PubMed: 1476141]
  809. Wilson EE, Little BB, Byrd W, et al The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on adrenocorticotropin and cortisol secretion in adult premenopausal women J Clin Endocrinol Metab 199376(1):162–4. [PubMed: 8380603]
  810. Winer-Muram HT, Muram D, Gillieson MS Uterine myomas in pregnancy J Can Assoc Radiol 198435(2):168–70. [PubMed: 6384226]
  811. Wood C Alternative treatment Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 19959(2):373–97. [PubMed: 7554619]
  812. Wood C Surgical and medical treatment of adenomyosis Hum Reprod Update 19984(4):323–36. [PubMed: 9825848]
  813. Wood C, Maher P Endoscopic treatment of uterine fibroids Baillieres Clin Obstet Gynaecol 199812(2):289–316. [PubMed: 10023423]
  814. Woolf SH, DiGuiseppi CG, Atkins D, et al Developing evidence-based clinical practice guidelines: lessons learned by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Rev Publ Health. 1996;17:511–38. [PubMed: 8724238]
  815. Worthington-Kirsch RL, Popky GL, Hutchins FL Jr Uterine arterial embolization for the management of leiomyomas: quality-of-life assessment and clinical response Radiology 1998208(3):625–9. [PubMed: 9722838]
  816. Wortman M, Dagget A Hysteroscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19953(1):39–46. [PubMed: 9050615]
  817. Yamada T, Ikeda A, Okamoto Yu, et al Intraoperative blood salvage in abdominal simple total hysterectomy for uterine myoma Int J Gynecol Obstet 199759(3):233–6. [PubMed: 9486513]
  818. Yamada T, Yamashita Y, Terai Y, et al Intraoperative blood salvage in abdominal uterine myomectomy Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199756(2):141–5. [PubMed: 9061388]
  819. Yamashita Y, Torashima M, Takahashi M, et al Hyperintense uterine leiomyoma at T2-weighted MR imaging: differentiation with dynamic enhanced MR imaging and clinical implications Radiology 1993189(3):721–5. [PubMed: 8234695]
  820. Yao SL, Lu-Yao G Population-based study of relationships between hospital volume of prostatectomies, patient outcomes, and length of hospital stay J Nat Cancer Inst 199991(22):1950–6. [PubMed: 10564679]
  821. Yin CS, Wei RY, Chao TC, et al Hysteroscopic endometrial ablation without endometrial preparation Int J Gynaecol Obstet 199862(2):167–72. [PubMed: 9749888]
  822. Ylikorkala O, Pekonen F Naproxen reduces idiopathic but not fibromyoma-induced menorrhagia Obstet Gynecol 198668(1):10–2. [PubMed: 3523328]
  823. Ylikorkala O, Tiitinen A, Hulkko S, et al Decrease in symptoms, blood loss and uterine size with nafarelin acetate before abdominal hysterectomy: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study Hum Reprod 199510(6):1470–4. [PubMed: 7593517]
  824. Ylostalo P, Granberg S, Backstrom AC, et al Uterine findings by transvaginal sonography during percutaneous estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women Maturitas 199623(3):313–7. [PubMed: 8794426]
  825. Zamberlan N, Castello R, Gatti D, et al Intermittent etidronate partially prevents bone loss in hirsute hyperandrogenic women treated with GnRH agonist Osteoporos Int 19977(2):133–7. [PubMed: 9166393]
  826. Zawin M, McCarthy S, Scoutt L, et al Monitoring therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog: utility of MR imaging Radiology 1990175(2):503–6. [PubMed: 2109336]
  827. Zhao SZ, Wong JM, Arguelles LM Hospitalization costs associated with leiomyoma Clin Ther 199921(3):563–75. [PubMed: 10321423]
  828. Zullo E, Pellicano M, De Stefano R, et al GnRH analogues and laparoscopic myomectomy Ital J Gynaecol Obstet 19979(2):63–7.
  829. Zullo F, Pellicano M, De Stefano R, et al A prospective randomized study to evaluate leuprolide acetate treatment before laparoscopic myomectomy: efficacy and ultrasonographic predictors Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998178(1 Pt 1):108–12. [PubMed: 9465812]
  830. Zullo F, Pellicano M, Di Carlo C, et al Ultrasonographic prediction of the efficacy of GnRH agonist therapy before laparoscopic myomectomy J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 19985(4):361–6. [PubMed: 9782139]
  831. Zussman L, Zussman S, Sunley R, et al Sexual response after hysterectomy-oophorectomy: recent studies and reconsideration of psychogenesis Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981140(7):725–9. [PubMed: 7196155]
Copyright Notice
Bookshelf ID: NBK33653
Contents