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McDonagh M, Peterson K, Winthrop K, et al. Improving Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016 Jan. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 163.)

Cover of Improving Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections

Improving Antibiotic Prescribing for Uncomplicated Acute Respiratory Tract Infections [Internet].

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Appendix ASearch Strategies

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citationsa

  1. (cold or colds or flu or influenza or virus$ or viral$ or Respiratory Syncytial Vir$ or rsv or rti or (respiratory tract$ adj3 infect$) or rhinit$ or sinusit$ or pharyngit$ or mononucleo$ or otitis media or (middle ear$ adj3 infect$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (45923)
  2. (cough$ or bronchit$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (3274)
  3. 1 and 2 (662)
  4. (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or antimicrobial$ or anti-microbial$ or anti-infective$ or anti-infective$ or anti-bacterial$ or antibacterial$).ti,ab. (21253)
  5. (point of care adj5 (diagnos$ or test$ or assay$ or kit or kits)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (475)
  6. (immediat$ adj5 (test$ or diagnos$)).mp. (642)
  7. ((rapid$ or quick$ or swift$ or office$) adj3 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (1725)
  8. (strep$ adj5 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (206)
  9. procalcitonin.mp. (286)
  10. (calcitonin adj5 (precursor$ or biomarker$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (3)
  11. c-reactive protein$.mp. (3523)
  12. monospot$.mp. (7)
  13. (direct$ adj5 antibod$ adj5 stain$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (20)
  14. (Fluoresc$ adj3 Antibod$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (432)
  15. (reverse transcriptas$ adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (1101)
  16. ((singleplex$ or multiplex$) adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. (876)
  17. ((chest$ or thorac$) adj5 (radiogra$ or x-ray$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (2126)
  18. ((leukocyt$ or white blood cell$ or wbc) adj3 (test$ or count$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (1434)
  19. (blood adj2 (gas or gases) adj5 (analy$ or test$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (336)
  20. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 (12448)
  21. (Decision$ adj5 (make or makes or making or made)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (9219)
  22. ((Health or medical$) adj5 misus$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (56)
  23. (Attitud$ adj5 (Health Personnel or doctor or physician or practitioner$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (186)
  24. ((physician$ or doctor$ or practitioner$) adj5 (practice$ adj3 pattern$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (66)
  25. ((drug$ or pharmac$) adj5 utiliz$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (624)
  26. (risk$ adj3 assess$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (5764)
  27. (education or communication or strategy or strategies).ti,ab. (89869)
  28. ((Professional$ or doctor$ or physician$ or practitioner$) adj5 patient$ adj5 (Relation$ or interaction or request$ or ask$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (677)
  29. (guide$ adj3 (adheren$ or comply$ or complian$ or obey$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (580)
  30. ((professional$ or clinical$) adj5 (competen$ or skill$ or abilit$ or knowledg$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (2808)
  31. ((inappropriat$ or imprudent$ or unreasonab$ or unwis$ or improper$ or unnecessar$ or useless$ or incorrect$ or worthless$ or useless$ or unneeded or gratuitous$ or ineffect$ or overus$ or over-us$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (254)
  32. ((appropriat$ or judicious$ or judge$ or judging or wise$ or prudent$ or sensible or reasonabl$ or proper$ or necessar$ or useful$ or correct$ or worthwhile$ or needed or effectiv$ or delay$ or postpon$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (1132)
  33. ((critical$ or clinical$) adj3 (path or paths or pathway$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (793)
  34. ((antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or anti-microb$ or antimicrob$) adj3 steward$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (197)
  35. (audit$ or feedback or adher$ or complian$ or train$ or educat$ or instruct$ or teach$ or taught$ or learn$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (103446)
  36. ((system$ or computer$ or electronic$) adj3 (remind$ or alert$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (228)
  37. ((econom$ or financ$ or dollar$ or cash or money or physician$ or provider$ or doctor$ or clinician$ or practitioner$ or nurse$) adj3 (incentiv$ or reimburs$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (445)
  38. ((worker$ or job or jobs or workplace$ or employe$ or student$ or school$ or daycare or day care or pupil$ or child$ or infant$ or baby or babies or toddler$) adj5 ((keep$ or stay$ or remain$) adj3 (home or away))).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (9)
  39. ((return$ or (com$ adj back)) adj5 (work$ or job or jobs or school$ or class or daycare or day-care)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, original title, name of substance word, subject heading word, keyword heading word, protocol supplementary concept word, rare disease supplementary concept word, unique identifier] (743)
  40. 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 (177443)
  41. 3 and 4 and 20 (14)
  42. 3 and 4 and 40 (22)
  43. 3 and 20 and 40 (14)
  44. 41 or 42 or 43 (44)

Database: EBM Reviews - Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials

  1. (cold or colds or flu or influenza or virus$ or viral$ or Respiratory Syncytial Vir$ or rsv or rti or (respiratory tract$ adj3 infect$) or rhinit$ or sinusit$ or pharyngit$ or mononucleo$ or otitis media or (middle ear$ adj3 infect$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (33490)
  2. (cough$ or bronchit$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (6799)
  3. 1 and 2 (1307)
  4. (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or antimicrobial$ or anti-microbial$ or antiinfective$ or anti-infective$ or anti-bacterial$ or antibacterial$).ti,ab. (14879)
  5. (point of care adj5 (diagnos$ or test$ or assay$ or kit or kits)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (180)
  6. (immediat$ adj5 (test$ or diagnos$)).mp. (1278)
  7. ((rapid$ or quick$ or swift$ or office$) adj3 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1039)
  8. (strep$ adj5 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (232)
  9. procalcitonin.mp. (198)
  10. (calcitonin adj5 (precursor$ or biomarker$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (3)
  11. c-reactive protein$.mp. (5836)
  12. monospot$.mp. (1)
  13. (direct$ adj5 antibod$ adj5 stain$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (8)
  14. (Fluoresc$ adj3 Antibod$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (411)
  15. (reverse transcriptas$ adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (698)
  16. ((singleplex$ or multiplex$) adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. (50)
  17. ((chest$ or thorac$) adj5 (radiogra$ or x-ray$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1240)
  18. ((leukocyt$ or white blood cell$ or wbc) adj3 (test$ or count$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (4024)
  19. (blood adj2 (gas or gases) adj5 (analy$ or test$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1670)
  20. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 (16044)
  21. (Decision$ adj5 (make or makes or making or made)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (3250)
  22. ((Health or medical$) adj5 misus$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (88)
  23. (Attitud$ adj5 (Health Personnel or doctor or physician or practitioner$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1501)
  24. ((physician$ or doctor$ or practitioner$) adj5 (practice$ adj3 pattern$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (862)
  25. ((drug$ or pharmac$) adj5 utiliz$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (820)
  26. (risk$ adj3 assess$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (8961)
  27. (education or communication or strategy or strategies).ti,ab. (32482)
  28. ((Professional$ or doctor$ or physician$ or practitioner$) adj5 patient$ adj5 (Relation$ or interaction or request$ or ask$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1853)
  29. (guide$ adj3 (adheren$ or comply$ or complian$ or obey$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (930)
  30. ((professional$ or clinical$) adj5 (competen$ or skill$ or abilit$ or knowledg$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (3423)
  31. ((inappropriat$ or imprudent$ or unreasonab$ or unwis$ or improper$ or unnecessar$ or useless$ or incorrect$ or worthless$ or useless$ or unneeded or gratuitous$ or ineffect$ or overus$ or over-us$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (191)
  32. ((appropriat$ or judicious$ or judge$ or judging or wise$ or prudent$ or sensible or reasonabl$ or proper$ or necessar$ or useful$ or correct$ or worthwhile$ or needed or effectiv$ or delay$ or postpon$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (1365)
  33. ((critical$ or clinical$) adj3 (path or paths or pathway$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (337)
  34. ((antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or anti-microb$ or antimicrob$) adj3 steward$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (9)
  35. (audit$ or feedback or adher$ or complian$ or train$ or educat$ or instruct$ or teach$ or taught$ or learn$).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (87401)
  36. ((system$ or computer$ or electronic$) adj3 (remind$ or alert$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (719)
  37. ((econom$ or financ$ or dollar$ or cash or money or physician$ or provider$ or doctor$ or clinician$ or practitioner$ or nurse$) adj3 (incentiv$ or reimburs$)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (312)
  38. ((worker$ or job or jobs or workplace$ or employe$ or student$ or school$ or daycare or day care or pupil$ or child$ or infant$ or baby or babies or toddler$) adj5 ((keep$ or stay$ or remain$) adj3 (home or away))).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (12)
  39. ((return$ or (com$ adj back)) adj5 (work$ or job or jobs or school$ or class or daycare or day-care)).mp. [mp=title, original title, abstract, mesh headings, heading words, keyword] (1035)
  40. 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 (114217)
  41. 3 and 4 and 20 (22)
  42. 3 and 4 and 40 (61)
  43. 3 and 20 and 40 (27)
  44. 41 or 42 or 43 (84)

Database: EBM Reviews - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

  1. (cold or colds or flu or influenza or virus$ or viral$ or Respiratory Syncytial Vir$ or rsv or rti or (respiratory tract$ adj3 infect$) or rhinit$ or sinusit$ or pharyngit$ or mononucleo$ or otitis media or (middle ear$ adj3 infect$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (1632)
  2. (cough$ or bronchit$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (736)
  3. 1 and 2 (376)
  4. (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or antimicrobial$ or anti-microbial$ or antiinfective$ or anti-infective$ or anti-bacterial$ or antibacterial$).ti,ab. (429)
  5. (point of care adj5 (diagnos$ or test$ or assay$ or kit or kits)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (19)
  6. (immediat$ adj5 (test$ or diagnos$)).mp. (139)
  7. ((rapid$ or quick$ or swift$ or office$) adj3 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (112)
  8. (strep$ adj5 (test$ or kit or kits or assay$ or swab$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (17)
  9. procalcitonin.mp. (12)
  10. (calcitonin adj5 (precursor$ or biomarker$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (4)
  11. c-reactive protein$.mp. (160)
  12. monospot$.mp. (1)
  13. (direct$ adj5 antibod$ adj5 stain$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (0)
  14. (Fluoresc$ adj3 Antibod$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (14)
  15. (reverse transcriptas$ adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (7)
  16. ((singleplex$ or multiplex$) adj5 (polymerase chain reaction$ or pcr)).mp. (3)
  17. ((chest$ or thorac$) adj5 (radiogra$ or x-ray$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (258)
  18. ((leukocyt$ or white blood cell$ or wbc) adj3 (test$ or count$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (174)
  19. (blood adj2 (gas or gases) adj5 (analy$ or test$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (46)
  20. 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19 (825)
  21. (Decision$ adj5 (make or makes or making or made)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (1008)
  22. ((Health or medical$) adj5 misus$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (37)
  23. (Attitud$ adj5 (Health Personnel or doctor or physician or practitioner$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (30)
  24. ((physician$ or doctor$ or practitioner$) adj5 (practice$ adj3 pattern$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (43)
  25. ((drug$ or pharmac$) adj5 utiliz$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (43)
  26. (risk$ adj3 assess$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (5975)
  27. (education or communication or strategy or strategies).ti,ab. (3246)
  28. ((Professional$ or doctor$ or physician$ or practitioner$) adj5 patient$ adj5 (Relation$ or interaction or request$ or ask$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (113)
  29. (guide$ adj3 (adheren$ or comply$ or complian$ or obey$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (133)
  30. ((professional$ or clinical$) adj5 (competen$ or skill$ or abilit$ or knowledg$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (458)
  31. ((inappropriat$ or imprudent$ or unreasonab$ or unwis$ or improper$ or unnecessar$ or useless$ or incorrect$ or worthless$ or useless$ or unneeded or gratuitous$ or ineffect$ or overus$ or over-us$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (343)
  32. ((appropriat$ or judicious$ or judge$ or judging or wise$ or prudent$ or sensible or reasonabl$ or proper$ or necessar$ or useful$ or correct$ or worthwhile$ or needed or effectiv$ or delay$ or postpon$) adj7 (prescri$ or ((give or gives or giving or issue or issuing or provid$) adj5 (antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or drug$ or pharmac$)))).mp. (484)
  33. ((critical$ or clinical$) adj3 (path or paths or pathway$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (115)
  34. ((antibiotic$ or anti-biotic$ or anti-microb$ or antimicrob$) adj3 steward$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (3)
  35. (audit$ or feedback or adher$ or complian$ or train$ or educat$ or instruct$ or teach$ or taught$ or learn$).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (5553)
  36. ((system$ or computer$ or electronic$) adj3 (remind$ or alert$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (81)
  37. ((econom$ or financ$ or dollar$ or cash or money or physician$ or provider$ or doctor$ or clinician$ or practitioner$ or nurse$) adj3 (incentiv$ or reimburs$)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (129)
  38. ((worker$ or job or jobs or workplace$ or employe$ or student$ or school$ or daycare or day care or pupil$ or child$ or infant$ or baby or babies or toddler$) adj5 ((keep$ or stay$ or remain$) adj3 (home or away))).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (19)
  39. ((return$ or (com$ adj back)) adj5 (work$ or job or jobs or school$ or class or daycare or day-care)).mp. [mp=title, abstract, full text, keywords, caption text] (332)
  40. 21 or 22 or 23 or 24 or 25 or 26 or 27 or 28 or 29 or 30 or 31 or 32 or 33 or 34 or 35 or 36 or 37 or 38 or 39 (7823)
  41. 3 and 4 and 20 (40)
  42. 3 and 4 and 40 (75)
  43. 3 and 20 and 40 (112)
  44. 41 or 42 or 43 (147)

Footnotes

a

We also ran the Medline search strategy in Scopus on November 4, 2014 in order to identify relevant studies published in EMBASE

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