Search strategies for the identification of clinical studies

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National Guideline Alliance (UK). Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities: Prevention, Assessment and Management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2016 Sep. (NICE Guideline, No. 54.)

Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities: Prevention, Assessment and Management.

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Appendix HSearch strategies for the identification of clinical studies

Abbreviations

CDSR: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
CINAHL: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
DARE: Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects
Embase: Excerpta Medica Database
HTA: Health Technology Assessment
MEDLINE: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online
NHS: National Health Service
NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence
PreMEDLINE: in-process and other non-indexed citations from MEDLINE
PsycINFO: Psychological Information Database
RCT: randomised controlled trial
SR: systematic review

H.1. Scoping searches

A broad preliminary search of the literature was undertaken in September 2014 to obtain an overview of the issues likely to be covered by the scope, and to help define key areas. Searches were restricted to clinical guidelines, Health Technology Assessment (HTA) reports, key systematic reviews and randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

BMJ Clinical Evidence
Canadian Medical Association Infobase (Canadian guidelines)
Clinical Policy and Practice Program of the New South Wales Department of Health (Australia)
Clinical Practice Guidelines (Australian Guidelines)
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)
Cochrane Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR)
Excerpta Medica Database (Embase)
Guidelines International Network
Health Evidence Bulletin Wales
Health Management Information Consortium
HTA database (technology assessments)
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/MEDLINE In-Process)
National Health and Medical Research Council
National Library for Health Guidelines Finder
New Zealand Guidelines Group
NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination
Organizing Medical Networked Information Medical Search
Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network
Turning Research Into Practice
United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
Websites of NICE – including NHS Evidence - and the National Institute for Health Research HTA Programme for guidelines and HTAs in development.

Further information about this process can be found in the Developing NICE guidelines: the manual.

H.2. Systematic search

Each search was constructed using the groups of terms set out in Text Box 1. The selection of search terms was kept broad to maximise retrieval of evidence in a wide range of areas of interest to the Guideline Committee.

Text Box 1

Summary of systematic search strategies: search strategy construction.

Topic	Identification and assessment
Review question 1.1	What is the incidence and prevalence of mental health disorders in people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities?

H.2.1. Search 1

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

#	searches
1	exp developmental disorder/or intellectual impairment/or exp mental deficiency/or exp learning disorder/
2	1 use emez
3	developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual disability/or exp learning disorders/or mentally disabled persons/
4	3 use mesz, prem
5	exp developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual development disorder/or “intellectual development disorder (attitudes toward)”/or exp learning disabilities/
6	5 use psyh
7	((intellect* adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (low2 adj2 intellect) or (learning adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or handicap* or impair* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (mental* adj (deficien* or disab* or handicap* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or retard* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm))).ti,ab.
8	((subaverage or sub1 average or subnormal or sub1 normal) adj3 (child or cognit* or intel*)).tw.
9	((development* or neurodevelopment) adj disab).tw.
10	(education* adj5 subnorm*).tw.
11	(cretin* or feeble-minded* or imbecil* or moron*).tw.
12	(multipl* handicap* or sever* handicap* or handicap* child* or multiple disabilit* or developmental delay*).ti,ab.
13	*down syndrome/
14	13 use emez
15	angelman syndrome/or down syndrome/or fragile x syndrome/
16	15 use mesz, prem
17	down’s syndrome/
18	17 use psyh
19	(((angelman or happy puppet) adj2 syndrom) or (down1 adj (disease or syndrome)) or bell martin or fragile x or gillian turner or martin bell or turner gillian or x chromosome fragility or (escalante adj (disease or syndrome*))).ti,ab.
20	(special* adj2 (educat* or need*)).ti,ab,hw.
21	or/2,4,6–12,14,16,18–20
22	*mental disease/
23	22 use emez
24	mental disorders/
25	24 use mesz, prem
26	mental disorders/
27	26 use psyh
28	((mental* or psychologic) adj2 (health or disorder or disease* or deficien* or illness or problem*)).ti,ab,sh.
29	or/23,25,27–28
30	(attention deficit disorder/use emez or exp “attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/use mesz, prem or exp attention deficit disorder/use psyh or ((attenti or disrupt* or impulsiv* or inattenti).sh. or ((((attenti or disrupt) adj3 (adolescen or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster)) or (attenti adj3 deficit) or (hyper adj1 activ) or (hyper adj1 kin) or (minimal adj1 brain) or (over adj1 activ) or ad hd or addh or adhd or hkd or hyperactiv* or hyperkin* or impulsiv* or inattentiv* or overactiv).ti,ab. or disruptive.tw,it,tm.))) not overactive bladder*.ti.
31	*child behavior/use emez or exp child behavior/use mesz, prem
32	exp behavior problems/or conduct disorder/or oppositional defiant disorder/
33	32 use psyh
34	((behav* adj2 (agnostic or challeng* or dangerous or destructive or difficult* or disorder* or disrupt* or disturb* or externali* or problem)) or (child adj3 (behav* or conduct)) or (conduct adj2 (defian* or difficult* or disorder* or disturb* or problem)) or (oppositional adj3 (defiant or disorder*))).ti,ab.
35	or/31,33–34
36	exp *mood disorder/use emez or exp mood disorders/use mesz, prem or exp affective disorders/use psyh or (affective psychosis or schizoaffective disorder).sh.
37	(((bipolar or bipolar or bi polar) adj5 (disorder* or depress)) or ((cyclothymi or rapid or ultradian) adj5 cycl) or hypomani or mania* or manic* or mixed episode* or rcbd).ti,ab.
38	(depres* or seasonal affective disorder* or dysthym* or melancholi*).ti,ab.
39	or/36–38
40	exp *psychosis/use emez or exp “schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic features”/use mesz, prem or exp psychosis/use psyh or (borderline states or paranoid schizophrenia).sh.
41	(akathisia or akathisia, drug-induced or auditory hallucinations or delusions or dyskinesia or dyskinesia, drug-induced or dyskinesias or hallucinations or hypnagogic hallucinations or neuroleptic malignant syndrome or thought disorder or thought disturbances or visual hallucinations).sh. or (akathisi* or acathisi* or delusion* or hallucinat* or hebephreni* or (neuroleptic* and ((malignant and syndrome) or (movement adj2 disorder))) or oligophreni* or paranoi* or psychotic* or psychosis or psychoses or schizo* or (tardiv* and dyskine*)).ti,ab.
42	or/40–41
43	exp *eating disorder/use emez or exp eating disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or binge eating.sh.
44	(anorexi* or bing* or bulimi* or (compulsive adj2 (eat* or vomit)) or (eating adj2 disorder) or overeat* or (restrict* adj2 eat) or (self induc adj2 vomit*)).ti,ab.
45	or/43–44
46	exp anxiety disorder/use emez or exp anxiety disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or anxiety.sh. or (anxiet or anxious* or ((chronic* or excessiv* or intens* or (long* adj2 last) or neuros or neurotic* or ongoing or persist* or serious* or sever* or uncontrol* or un control* or unrelent* or un relent*) adj2 worry)).ti,ab.
47	(body dysmorphic disorder or compulsions or compulsive behavior or obsessive behavior).sh. or (clean* response* or compulsional or compulsions or obsession or obsessional or obsessions or (obsessive compulsive adj (disorder* or neuros)) or ocd or osteochondr compulsion or (recurr* adj (obsession* or thought))).ti,ab. or (body dysmorphi* or dysmorphophobi* or imagine* ugl* or obsess* ruminat* or scrupulosity or ((symmetr* or count* or arrang* or order* or wash* or repeat* or hoard* or clean* or check) adj compulsi)).mp.
48	panic.sh. or panic*.ti,ab.
49	(acrophob* or agoraphob* or claustrophob* or emetophob* or homophob* or kinesiophob* or lesbophob* or neophob* or neurophob* or phobi* or transphob* or trypanophob* or xenophob* or ((acute* or chronic* or extreme* or intense* or irrational* or persistent* or serious) adj2 fear) or (fear adj4 (air travel or animal* or blood* or buses or ((closed or public) adj2 space) or crowd or dark* or dental* or dentist* or dog1 or dying or falls or falling or fly or flying or height or hypochondriacal or injection* or injur* or laughed or leaving home or lightening or movement* or needle* or night* or panic* or plane* or reinjure* or school* or snake* or space* or spider* or test* or thunder* or train* or travel* or water)) or specific fear*).ti,ab.
50	(critical incident stress or emotional trauma or psychological stress or stress, psychological or traumatic neurosis).sh. or (acute stress or asd or combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or desnos or extreme stress or flash back* or flashback* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or posttraumatic* or post- traumatic* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho trauma* or psychotrauma* or ptsd or railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma) or re experienc or reexperienc* or stress disorder* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress or (trauma* and (avoidance or death* or emotion* or grief or horror or nightmare* or night mare*))).ti,ab.
51	(blushing or hyperhidrosis or mutism or performance anxiety or shyness or social anxiety or sweating or timidity).sh. or (((anxiet* or anxious* or phobia* or phobic) adj2 (performance or social)) or socioanxi* or sociophobi* or ((blush* or sweat* or trembl) adj3 (anxiet or anxious* or chronic* or excessiv* or fear* or severe)) or ((interpersonal or inter personal or social* or socio) adj2 (aversion or aversiv* or confiden* or difficult* or disorder* or distress* or fear)) or hyperhydrosis or hyperperspirat or (hyper adj (hydrosis or perspirat)) or ((mute or mutism) adj2 (elective* or selective)) or ((negative evaluation or speak) adj3 (anxiet* or anxious* or distress* or fear)) or paruresis or (((personalit or phobi* or social* or socio) adj2 avoid) or avoidant disorder) or (phobi* adj2 neuros) or phobic disorder or (school* adj2 (anxiet* or anxious* or phobi* or refuse or refusal)) or (shy or shyness) or specific phobia*).ti,ab.
52	or/46–51
53	exp *personality disorder/use emez or exp personality disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh
54	(borderline state or borderline person* or character disorder).sh. or ((borderline* adj3 (disorder* or person* or pd1 or state)) or (emotion* adj2 (instabil* or unstable) adj3 (character* or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person1 or personalit or state)) or (personalit adj (disorder* or dysfunction))).ti,ab. or (apd1.tw. and (asocial* or anti social* or antisocial* or character* or dissocial* or dis social* or person).mp.) or (aspd1 or ((asocial* or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) adj3 (character or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person)) or ((asocial or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) and personalit) or neuropsychopath* or psychopath3 or psycho path3 or sociopath* or socio path).ti,ab. or ((borderline and personalit) or (borderline and cluster b) or (dsm and (axis and ii))).mp.
55	or/53–54
56	automutilation/or exp suicide behavior/
57	56 use emez
58	self-injurious behavior/or self mutilation/or suicide/or suicidal ideation/or suicide, attempted/
59	58 use mesz, prem
60	suicide/or attempted suicide/or exp self injurious behavior/or suicidal ideation/or suicide prevention/or suicidology/
61	60 use psyh
62	(autoaggress* or auto aggress* or automutilat* or auto mutilat* or cutt* or overdose* or (self adj2 cut) or selfdestruct or self destruct* or selfharm* or self harm* or selfimmolat* or self immolat* or selfinflict* or self inflict* or selfinjur* or self injur* or selfmutilat* or self mutilat* or selfpoison* or self poison* or suicid*).ti,ab.
63	or/57,59,61–62
64	exp alcohol abuse/or exp drug dependence/or exp drug abuse/or substance abuse/
65	64 use emez
66	drug seeking behavior/or exp substance-related disorders/
67	66 use mesz, prem
68	addiction/or exp drug abuse/or drug overdoses/or sobriety/
69	68 use psyh
70	(alcoholi* or (alcohol* and (abstinence or detoxification or intoxicat* or rehabilit* or withdraw*))).hw.
71	(alcoholi* or drinker1 or (drink adj2 use1) or ((alcohol or drink) adj5 (abstinen or abstain* or abus* or addict* or attenuat* or binge* or crav* or dependen* or detox* or disease* or disorder* or excessiv* or harm* or hazard* or heavy or high risk or intoxicat* or misus* or overdos* or (over adj dos) or problem or rehab* or reliance or reliant or relaps* or withdraw)) or (control adj2 drink) or sobriet).ti,ab.
72	(((acetomorphine or amphetamine* or amphetamine* or analeptic* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or crank or dextroamphetamine* or diacephine or diacetylmorphine or diacetylmorphine or diamorphin* or diamorphine or diaphorin or drug or hashish or heroin or marihuana or marijua* or methadone* or methamphetamine* or morfin* or morphacetin or morphin* or naltrexone or narcotic* or opioid* or opium or polydrug* or psychostimulant* or speed or stimulant* or stimulant* or substance or uppers) adj3 (abstain* or abstinen* or abus* or addict* or (excessive adj use) or dependen or (inject* adj2 drug) or intoxicat or misus* or over dos* or overdos* or (use* adj (disorder* or illicit)) or withdraw)) or drug user).ti,ab.
73	or/65,67,69–72
74	abuse/or acting out/or agitation/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or assault/or exp child abuse/or disruptive behavior/or emotional abuse/or impulse control disorder/or intermittent explosive disorder/or patient abuse/or physical abuse/or exp sexual abuse/or verbal hostility/or exp violence/
75	74 use emez
76	acting out/or exp domestic violence/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or dangerous behavior/or hate/or hostility/or impulse control disorders/or sexual harassment/or torture/or violence/
77	76 use mesz, prem
78	abuse reporting/or acting out/or exp aggressive behavior/or aggressiveness/or agitation/or exp anger/or anger control/or battered females/or exp child abuse/or dangerousness/or elder abuse/or emotional abuse/or exposure to violence/or exp harrassment/or hate/or exp impulse control disorders/or patient abuse/or exp partner abuse/or rebelliousness/or retaliation/or exp sexual abuse/or threat/or threat postures/or torture/or verbal abuse/or exp violence/
79	78 use psyh
80	(abus* or aggress* or agitat* or agonistic or anger or angry or assault* or attack* or bizarre or challenging behav* or combative or danger* or disrupt* or disturb* or (explosive adj2 disorder) or harass* or hostil* or (impulse control adj disorder) or intimidat or rage* or threat* or untoward or violen*).ti,ab.
81	or/75,77,79–80
82	exp *dementia/or exp dementia/use mesz, prem,psyh or (alzheimer’s disease or creutzfeldt jakob syndrome or picks disease).sh.
83	(alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or lewy bod* or pick diseas*).ti,ab,hw.
84	or/82–83
85	(masturbat* or ((psychosexual or sexual) adj (abus* or behavior or harass* or offenc))).hw. or (fondling or genital or masturbat* or nudity or (inappropriate adj2 (grab* or touch)) or (sex adj2 (abus* or act* or behav* or proposition* or disinhibit* or harass* or offenc* or touch* or view*))).ti,ab.
86	dysexecutive syndrome.hw,tw.
87	autism/or childhood disintegrative disorder/or infantile autism/or rett syndrome/or “*pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified”/
88	87 use emez
89	child development disorders, pervasive/or autistic disorder/or rett syndrome/
90	89 use mesz, prem
91	autism/or pervasive developmental disorders/or autistic thinking/
92	91 use psyh
93	asperger.sh. or (asperger or autis* or cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia* or (kanners adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (rett adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (pervasive adj2 developmental disorder) or pdd nos).ti,ab.
94	or/88,90,92–93
95	or/29–30,35,39,42,45,52,55,63,73,81,84–86,94
96	21 and 95
97	((assessment adj2 dual diagnosis) or child behaviour checklist* or (clinical outcomes adj2 routine evaluation adj3 learning disabilities) or (diagnostic assessment adj3 severely handicapped) or (psychopathology adj2 autism checklist) or (psychopathology checklist adj2 adults with intellectual disability) or psychiatric assessment schedule for adults with developmental disabilities checklist* or (reiss screen for maladaptive adj behav) or (strength adj2 difficulties questionnaire) or (psychiatric assessment schedule adj2 adults adj3 developmental disability) or psychopathology instrument for mentally retarded adults or health of the nation outcome scales for people with learning disabilities).ti,ab.
98	((add1 or cbcl or core-ld or coreld or dash or dash-ii or pac or p-aid or paid or pas- add1 or pasadd or rsmb or sdq or pas-add1 or pimra or honos-ld or honosld) adj3 (assessment or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
99	((anxiety adj2 depression adj2 mood scale) or children depression inventor* or (glasgow depression scale* adj2 carer) or (mood adj2 anxiety semi-structured interview) or (mood adj2 interest adj2 pleasure questionnaire) or intellectual disability depression scale or beck depression inventor* or (glasgow depression scale for1 people adj2 learning disability) or (hospital anxiety adj2 depression scale) or self-report depression questionnaire* or zung self-rating depression scale*).ti,ab.
100	((adams or cdi or cda or gas-cs or gascs or mass or mipq or evans or bdi or gas-ld or gasld or hads or srdq) adj3 (assessment* or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
101	((anxiety adj2 depression adj2 mood scale) or (fear survey adj2 adults with mental retardation) or (mood adj2 anxiety adj (semistruc or semi-structured) adj interview) or glasgow anxiety scale or (hospital anxiety adj2 depression scale) or zung anxiety scale).ti,ab.
102	((adams or fsamr or mass or gas-id or hads) adj3 (assessment* or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
103	((adaptive adj (behavior or behaviour) adj assessment system) or adaptive behav* dementia questionnaire* or adapted behav* scale* or cambridge cognitive examination* or dementia questionnaire for mentally retarded persons or (dementia questionnaire for people adj2 learning disabilities) or down syndrome dementia scale* or dementia screening questionnaire for individuals with intellectual disabilities or ((early signs of dementia checklist* or short informant questionnaire) adj2 cognitive decline in the elderly) or (modified cambridge examination for mental disorders adj3 elderly) or dalton brief praxis test* or (neuropsychological assessment adj2 dementia adj2 adults with intellectual disabilities) or test for severe impairment or severe impairment battery or dementia rating scale* or evaluation of mental status or down syndrome mental status examination or cued recall test*).ti,ab.
104	((aamh or abas-ii or abdq or dmr or dld or dsds or dsqiid or ds qiid or iqcode or iq code or camcog* or cam cog* or camdex* or cam dex* or bpt ordbpt or naid or tsi or sib or drs or dsmse or crt) adj3 (assessment* or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
105	(interpersonal adjective scale* or neo personality inventory personality disorder characteristics checklist* or (psychopathy checklist* adj2 revised) or standardised assessment of personality or standardised assessment of personality abbreviated scale* or (brief adj (nonverbal or non-verbal) adj personality questionnaire) or edward zigler personality questionnaire).ti,ab.
106	((ias or pdcc or pcl-r or pcl-sv or pclr or pclsv or sap or sapas or ff-npq or ffnpq or ezpq or ezp or ezp q) adj3 (assessment* or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
107	(novaco anger scale* or provocation inventor* or modified overt aggression scale*).ti,ab.
108	((nas or pdi or moas) adj3 (assessment* or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
109	(bangor life events schedule for intellectual disabilities or (lancaster adj2 northgate trauma scale*)).ti,ab.
110	((blesid or lant) adj3 (assessment or checklist* or interview* or inventor* or questionnaire* or scale* or screen*)).ti,ab.
111	or/97–110
112	(21 or 94) and 111

H.2.2. Search 2 (updates: Buckles and colleagues [2013])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

((comorbid* or mental*-ill* or dual-diagnosis or mental disorder* or psychopathology*) and (mental retardation or intellectual disability or learning disability) and prevalence).ti,ab,hw.

H.2.3. Search 3 (updates: Einfeld and colleagues [2011])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

((intellectual disabilit* or mental* retard* or learning disabilit* or mental* handicap*) and (mental* illness* or mental disorder* or psychopathology or psychiatric disorder*) and prevalence).ti,ab,hw.

Topic	Identification and assessment
Review question 1.2	What are the most appropriate methods/instruments for case identification of mental health problems in people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities?
Review question 1.3	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, what are the key components of, and the most appropriate structure for, an assessment of mental health problems?

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

#	searches
1	(interpersonal adjective scale* or circumplex or circum plex or international personality disorder examination1 or ipde or neo personality inventor or neo pi* or five factor1 model1 or personality disorder1 characteristic checklist* or pdcc or psychopathy checklist* or pcl-r or pclr or pclsv or pcl-sv or standardised assessment of personality or sapas or ((non-verbal or nonverbal) adj personality questionnaire) or ff-npq or ffnpq or ((edward zigler or ez) adj2 personality questionnaire) or ezpq or ez pq or provocation inventor* or modified overt aggression scale* or bangor life event1 schedule1 for intellectual disabilit4 or (lancaster adj2 northgate adj trauma scale) or impact of event scale* or ((posttraumatic or post traumatic) adj3 diagnostic scale) or (anxiety adj2 depression adj2 mood adj scale) or fear survey1 for adults with mental retardation or fsamr or fs amr or (mood adj2 anxiety adj (semi-structured or semistructured) adj interview1) or glasgow anxiety scale* or gas-id or gasid or (hospital anxiety adj2 depression scale) or hads or (zung adj4 anxiety scale) or sasid).ti,ab.
2	((anxiety adj2 depression adj2 mood adj scale) or children1 depression inventor3 or cdi2 or (glasgow depression scale and carer supplement1) or gas-cs or gascs or (mood adj2 anxiety adj (semi-structured or semistructured) adj interview1) or (mood adj interest adj2 pleasure questionnaire) or mipq or intellectual disability3 depression scale* or beck depression inventor3 or bdi-ii or glasgow depression scale1 or gas-ld or gasld or gdsld or gds ld or (hospital anxiety adj2 depression scale) or hads or ((selfreport or self-report) adj depression questionnaire) or srdq or (zung adj (self-rating or selfrating) adj depression scale) or assessment1 of dual diagnosis or (child adj (behavior or behaviour) adj checklist) or cbcl or (clinical outcomes adj2 routine evaluation1) or coreld or core ld or (developmental adj (behaviour or behavior) adj checklist1) or dbca or dbcc or (diagnostic assessment adj3 severely handicapp3) or dash or dash-ii or dashiii or psychopathology in1 autism checklist1 or psychopathology checklist for adults with intellectual disabilit3 or p-aid or pas-add or pasadd or (reiss screen1 for maladaptive adj (behavior or behaviour)) or rsmb).ti,ab.
3	(reiss scale* or (strength1 adj2 difficulties questionnaire) or brief symptom inventor3 or (psychiatric assessment1 schedule* adj2 adults adj3 developmental disabilit) or pas-add or pasadd or (psychopathology instrument1 for adj2 mentally retarded) or pimr or pimra or health of the nation outcome scale1 for people with learning disabilities or honos-ld or honosld or (assessment1 of comprehension adj2 expression) or ace 6–11 or (test for adj3 reception of grammar) or trog or sentence comprehension test1 or routes for learning or pragmatics profile or preverbal schedule1 or preverbal communication schedule1 or clinical evaluation of language fundamental1 or celf or celf5 or british picture vocabulary scale* or bpvs3 or bpvs3).ti,ab.
4	((adaptive adj (behaviour or behavior) adj scale) or (adaptive adj (behaviour or behavior) adj assessment1 system1) or abas or (clinical global adj (impression or improvement)) or communication assessment profile or casp or global assessment1 of function or health of the nation outcome scale* or honos-ld or honosld or guernsey scale* or historical clinical risk management or hcr20 or hcr 20 or structured assessment of protective factors for violence risk or saprof or (short term assessment of risk adj2 treatability) or (vineland adaptive adj (behavior or behaviour) adj scale1) or vineland-ii or (adaptive adj (behavior or behaviour) adj dementia questionnaire1) or abdq or screening questionnaire1 for dementia in1 alzheimer1 disease in adults with down syndrome or dementia questionnaire1 for mentally retarded person1 or dementia questionnaire1 for people with learning disabilit3 or down syndrome dementia scale or dementia scale* for down syndrome or dsds or dementia screening questionnaire1 for individuals with intellectual disabilit3 or dsqiid).ti,ab.
5	(early signs of dementia checklist or esdc or edsc40 or informant questionnaire* on cognitive decline in1 the elderly or iqcode or iq code or cambridge cognitive examination1 or camcog or camcogds or cambridge examination1 for mental disorders of the elderly or camdex or camdexds or dalton1 brief praxis test1 or (assessment1 of dementia in1 adj (adults or individuals) adj2 intellectual disabilities) or naid or (assessment1 of motor adj2 process skills) or amps).ti,ab.
6	(cued recall test1 or crt or dementia rating scale1 or drs2 or down syndrome mental status examination1 or dsmse or evaluation of mental status or staff support levels assessment1 or severe impairment batter3 or test1 for severe impairment or mini mental state examination* or mmse).ti,ab.
7	((abs or ace or adams or add1 or bdi or bpt or bsi or cdi or cgi or crt or dbc or dld or dmr or drs or evans or gaf or ies or ias or mass or mipq or nas or pac or pds or pi or pvc or rfl or sap or sas or sct or sdq or sds or sib or tsi or start1 or vineland or zas) adj5 (assess* or course or detect* or diagnos* or evaluat* or identif* or monitor* or predict* or prognos* or psychodiagnos* or recogni* or screen*)).ti,ab.
8	exp developmental disorder/or intellectual impairment/or exp mental deficiency/or exp learning disorder/
9	8 use emez
10	developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual disability/or exp learning disorders/or mentally disabled persons/
11	10 use mesz, prem
12	exp developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual development disorder/or “intellectual development disorder (attitudes toward)”/or exp learning disabilities/
13	12 use psyh
14	((intellect* adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (low2 adj2 intellect) or (learning adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or handicap* or impair* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (mental* adj (deficien* or disab* or handicap* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or retard* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm))).ti,ab.
15	((subaverage or sub1 average or subnormal or sub1 normal) adj3 (child or cognit* or intel*)).tw.
16	((development* or neurodevelopment) adj disab).tw.
17	(education* adj5 subnorm*).tw.
18	(cretin* or feeble-minded* or imbecil* or moron*).tw.
19	(multipl* handicap* or sever* handicap* or handicap* child* or multiple disabilit* or developmental delay*).ti,ab.
20	*down syndrome/
21	20 use emez
22	angelman syndrome/or down syndrome/or fragile x syndrome/
23	22 use mesz, prem
24	down’s syndrome/
25	24 use psyh
26	(((angelman or happy puppet) adj2 syndrom) or (down1 adj (disease or syndrome)) or bell martin or fragile x or gillian turner or martin bell or turner gillian or x chromosome fragility or (escalante adj (disease or syndrome*))).ti,ab.
27	(special* adj2 (educat* or need*)).ti,ab,hw.
28	or/9,11,13–19,21,23,25–27
29	*mental disease/
30	29 use emez
31	mental disorders/
32	31 use mesz, prem
33	mental disorders/
34	33 use psyh
35	((mental* or psychologic) adj2 (health or disorder or disease* or deficien* or illness or problem*)).ti,ab,sh.
36	or/30,32,34–35
37	(attention deficit disorder/use emez or exp “attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/use mesz, prem or exp attention deficit disorder/use psyh or ((attenti or disrupt* or impulsiv* or inattenti).sh. or ((((attenti or disrupt) adj3 (adolescen or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster)) or (attenti adj3 deficit) or (hyper adj1 activ) or (hyper adj1 kin) or (minimal adj1 brain) or (over adj1 activ) or ad hd or addh or adhd or hkd or hyperactiv* or hyperkin* or impulsiv* or inattentiv* or overactiv).ti,ab. or disruptive.tw,it,tm.))) not overactive bladder*.ti.
38	*child behavior/use emez or exp child behavior/use mesz, prem
39	exp behavior problems/or conduct disorder/or oppositional defiant disorder/
40	39 use psyh
41	((behav* adj2 (agnostic or challeng* or dangerous or destructive or difficult* or disorder* or disrupt* or disturb* or externali* or problem)) or (child adj3 (behav* or conduct)) or (conduct adj2 (defian* or difficult* or disorder* or disturb* or problem)) or (oppositional adj3 (defiant or disorder*))).ti,ab.
42	or/38,40–41
43	exp *mood disorder/use emez or exp mood disorders/use mesz, prem or exp affective disorders/use psyh or (affective psychosis or schizoaffective disorder).sh.
44	(((bipolar or bipolar or bi polar) adj5 (disorder* or depress)) or ((cyclothymi or rapid or ultradian) adj5 cycl) or hypomani or mania* or manic* or mixed episode* or rcbd).ti,ab.
45	(depres* or seasonal affective disorder* or dysthym* or melancholi*).ti,ab.
46	or/43–45
47	exp *psychosis/use emez or exp “schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic features”/use mesz, prem or exp psychosis/use psyh or (borderline states or paranoid schizophrenia).sh.
48	(akathisia or akathisia, drug-induced or auditory hallucinations or delusions or dyskinesia or dyskinesia, drug-induced or dyskinesias or hallucinations or hypnagogic hallucinations or neuroleptic malignant syndrome or thought disorder or thought disturbances or visual hallucinations).sh. or (akathisi* or acathisi* or delusion* or hallucinat* or hebephreni* or (neuroleptic* and ((malignant and syndrome) or (movement adj2 disorder))) or oligophreni* or paranoi* or psychotic* or psychosis or psychoses or schizo* or (tardiv* and dyskine*)).ti,ab.
49	or/47–48
50	exp *eating disorder/use emez or exp eating disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or binge eating.sh.
51	(anorexi* or bing* or bulimi* or (compulsive adj2 (eat* or vomit)) or (eating adj2 disorder) or overeat* or (restrict* adj2 eat) or (self induc adj2 vomit*)).ti,ab.
52	or/50–51
53	exp anxiety disorder/use emez or exp anxiety disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or anxiety.sh. or (anxiet or anxious* or ((chronic* or excessiv* or intens* or (long* adj2 last) or neuros or neurotic* or ongoing or persist* or serious* or sever* or uncontrol* or un control* or unrelent* or un relent*) adj2 worry)).ti,ab.
54	(body dysmorphic disorder or compulsions or compulsive behavior or obsessive behavior).sh. or (clean* response* or compulsional or compulsions or obsession or obsessional or obsessions or (obsessive compulsive adj (disorder* or neuros)) or ocd or osteochondr compulsion or (recurr* adj (obsession* or thought))).ti,ab. or (body dysmorphi* or dysmorphophobi* or imagine* ugl* or obsess* ruminat* or scrupulosity or ((symmetr* or count* or arrang* or order* or wash* or repeat* or hoard* or clean* or check) adj compulsi)).mp.
55	panic.sh. or panic*.ti,ab.
56	(acrophob* or agoraphob* or claustrophob* or emetophob* or homophob* or kinesiophob* or lesbophob* or neophob* or neurophob* or phobi* or transphob* or trypanophob* or xenophob* or ((acute* or chronic* or extreme* or intense* or irrational* or persistent* or serious) adj2 fear) or (fear adj4 (air travel or animal* or blood* or buses or ((closed or public) adj2 space) or crowd or dark* or dental* or dentist* or dog1 or dying or falls or falling or fly or flying or height or hypochondriacal or injection* or injur* or laughed or leaving home or lightening or movement* or needle* or night* or panic* or plane* or reinjure* or school* or snake* or space* or spider* or test* or thunder* or train* or travel* or water)) or specific fear*).ti,ab.
57	(critical incident stress or emotional trauma or psychological stress or stress, psychological or traumatic neurosis).sh. or (acute stress or asd or combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or desnos or extreme stress or flash back* or flashback* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or posttraumatic* or post- traumatic* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho trauma* or psychotrauma* or ptsd or railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma) or re experienc or reexperienc* or stress disorder* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress or (trauma* and (avoidance or death* or emotion* or grief or horror or nightmare* or night mare*))).ti,ab.
58	(blushing or hyperhidrosis or mutism or performance anxiety or shyness or social anxiety or sweating or timidity).sh. or (((anxiet* or anxious* or phobia* or phobic) adj2 (performance or social)) or socioanxi* or sociophobi* or ((blush* or sweat* or trembl) adj3 (anxiet or anxious* or chronic* or excessiv* or fear* or severe)) or ((interpersonal or inter personal or social* or socio) adj2 (aversion or aversiv* or confiden* or difficult* or disorder* or distress* or fear)) or hyperhydrosis or hyperperspirat or (hyper adj (hydrosis or perspirat)) or ((mute or mutism) adj2 (elective* or selective)) or ((negative evaluation or speak) adj3 (anxiet* or anxious* or distress* or fear)) or paruresis or (((personalit or phobi* or social* or socio) adj2 avoid) or avoidant disorder) or (phobi* adj2 neuros) or phobic disorder or (school* adj2 (anxiet* or anxious* or phobi* or refuse or refusal)) or (shy or shyness) or specific phobia*).ti,ab.
59	or/53–58
60	exp *personality disorder/use emez or exp personality disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh
61	(borderline state or borderline person* or character disorder).sh. or ((borderline* adj3 (disorder* or person* or pd1 or state)) or (emotion* adj2 (instabil* or unstable) adj3 (character* or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person1 or personalit or state)) or (personalit adj (disorder* or dysfunction))).ti,ab. or (apd1.tw. and (asocial* or anti social* or antisocial* or character* or dissocial* or dis social* or person).mp.) or (aspd1 or ((asocial* or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) adj3 (character or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person)) or ((asocial or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) and personalit) or neuropsychopath* or psychopath3 or psycho path3 or sociopath* or socio path).ti,ab. or ((borderline and personalit) or (borderline and cluster b) or (dsm and (axis and ii))).mp.
62	or/60–61
63	automutilation/or exp suicide behavior/
64	63 use emez
65	self-injurious behavior/or self mutilation/or suicide/or suicidal ideation/or suicide, attempted/
66	65 use mesz, prem
67	suicide/or attempted suicide/or exp self injurious behavior/or suicidal ideation/or suicide prevention/or suicidology/
68	67 use psyh
69	(autoaggress* or auto aggress* or automutilat* or auto mutilat* or cutt* or overdose* or (self adj2 cut) or selfdestruct or self destruct* or selfharm* or self harm* or selfimmolat* or self immolat* or selfinflict* or self inflict* or selfinjur* or self injur* or selfmutilat* or self mutilat* or selfpoison* or self poison* or suicid*).ti,ab.
70	or/64,66,68–69
71	exp alcohol abuse/or exp drug dependence/or exp drug abuse/or substance abuse/
72	71 use emez
73	drug seeking behavior/or exp substance-related disorders/
74	73 use mesz, prem
75	addiction/or exp drug abuse/or drug overdoses/or sobriety/
76	75 use psyh
77	(alcoholi* or (alcohol* and (abstinence or detoxification or intoxicat* or rehabilit* or withdraw*))).hw.
78	(alcoholi* or drinker1 or (drink adj2 use1) or ((alcohol or drink) adj5 (abstinen or abstain* or abus* or addict* or attenuat* or binge* or crav* or dependen* or detox* or disease* or disorder* or excessiv* or harm* or hazard* or heavy or high risk or intoxicat* or misus* or overdos* or (over adj dos) or problem or rehab* or reliance or reliant or relaps* or withdraw)) or (control adj2 drink) or sobriet).ti,ab.
79	(((acetomorphine or amphetamine* or amphetamine* or analeptic* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or crank or dextroamphetamine* or diacephine or diacetylmorphine or diacetylmorphine or diamorphin* or diamorphine or diaphorin or drug or hashish or heroin or marihuana or marijua* or methadone* or methamphetamine* or morfin* or morphacetin or morphin* or naltrexone or narcotic* or opioid* or opium or polydrug* or psychostimulant* or speed or stimulant* or stimulant* or substance or uppers) adj3 (abstain* or abstinen* or abus* or addict* or (excessive adj use) or dependen or (inject* adj2 drug) or intoxicat or misus* or over dos* or overdos* or (use* adj (disorder* or illicit)) or withdraw)) or drug user).ti,ab.
80	or/72,74,76–79
81	abuse/or acting out/or agitation/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or assault/or exp child abuse/or disruptive behavior/or emotional abuse/or impulse control disorder/or intermittent explosive disorder/or patient abuse/or physical abuse/or exp sexual abuse/or verbal hostility/or exp violence/
82	81 use emez
83	acting out/or exp domestic violence/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or dangerous behavior/or hate/or hostility/or impulse control disorders/or sexual harassment/or torture/or violence/
84	83 use mesz, prem
85	abuse reporting/or acting out/or exp aggressive behavior/or aggressiveness/or agitation/or exp anger/or anger control/or battered females/or exp child abuse/or dangerousness/or elder abuse/or emotional abuse/or exposure to violence/or exp harrassment/or hate/or exp impulse control disorders/or patient abuse/or exp partner abuse/or rebelliousness/or retaliation/or exp sexual abuse/or threat/or threat postures/or torture/or verbal abuse/or exp violence/
86	85 use psyh
87	(abus* or aggress* or agitat* or agonistic or anger or angry or assault* or attack* or bizarre or challenging behav* or combative or danger* or disrupt* or disturb* or (explosive adj2 disorder) or harass* or hostil* or (impulse control adj disorder) or intimidat or rage* or threat* or untoward or violen*).ti,ab.
88	or/82,84,86–87
89	exp *dementia/or exp dementia/use mesz, prem,psyh or (alzheimer’s disease or creutzfeldt jakob syndrome or picks disease).sh.
90	(alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or lewy bod* or pick diseas*).ti,ab,hw.
91	or/89–90
92	(masturbat* or ((psychosexual or sexual) adj (abus* or behavior or harass* or offenc))).hw. or (fondling or genital or masturbat* or nudity or (inappropriate adj2 (grab* or touch)) or (sex adj2 (abus* or act* or behav* or proposition* or disinhibit* or harass* or offenc* or touch* or view*))).ti,ab.
93	dysexecutive syndrome.hw,tw. or exp autism/use emez or exp child development disorders, pervasive/use mesz, prem or rett syndrome/use mesz, prem or exp pervasive developmental disorders/use psyh or (autis or asperger* or pervasive development* disorder* or rett syndrome*).ti,ab.
94	28 and (or/36–37,42,46,49,52,59,62,70,80,88,91–93)
95	(or/1–7) and (28 or autis*.ti,ab,sh.)
96	checklist/or clinical assessment/or clinical evaluation/or exp computer assisted diagnosis/or functional assessment/or geriatric assessment/or measurement/or needs assessment/or nursing assessment/or outcome assessment/or patient assessment/or predictive value/or risk assessment/or scoring system/or self evaluation/or semi structured interview/or “speech and language assessment”/or structured interview/or *structured questionnaire/
97	96 use emez
98	checklist/or exp diagnosis, computer-assisted/or diagnostic, self evaluation/or geriatric assessment/or interview, psychological/or mass screening/or needs assessment/or exp nursing assessment/or “outcome and process assessment (health care)”/or “outcome assessment (health care)”/or exp personality assessment/or exp questionnaires/or risk assessment/
99	98 use mesz, prem
100	attitude measurement/or exp attitude measures/or comprehension tests/or computer assisted diagnosis/or geriatric assessment/or group testing/or individual testing/or measurement/or needs assessment/or exp perceptual measures/or pretesting/or exp psychiatric evaluation/or exp psychodiagnostic interview/or exp psychological assessment/or exp questionnaires/or risk assessment/or exp selection tests/or self evaluation/or sensorimotor measures/
101	100 use psyh
102	(battery or batteries or checklist* or check list* or index or instrument* or interview* or inventor* or item* or measure1 or questionnaire or rate or rating or scale* or score* or screen* or (self adj (assess* or report)) or subscale or survey* or tool* or test form*).tw.
103	or/97,99,101–102
104	di.fs. or exp diagnosis/or exp mass screening/or *screening test/
105	104 use emez
106	di.fs. or exp diagnosis/or mass screening/or nursing diagnosis/
107	106 use mesz, prem
108	exp diagnosis/or exp health screening/or screening/or exp screening tests/
109	108 use psyh
110	(assess* or course or detect* or diagnos* or evaluat* or identif* or monitor* or predict* or prognos* or psychodiagnos* or recogni* or screen*).tw.
111	or/105,107,109–110
112	103 and 111
113	clinical assessment tool/or exp diagnostic test/or exp psychologic test/or psychometry/or rating scale/or screening test/or *summated rating scale/
114	113 use emez
115	diagnostic tests, routine/or “predictive value of tests”/or exp psychiatric status rating scales/or exp psychological tests/
116	115 use mesz, prem
117	exp inventories/or performance tests/or exp personality measures/or exp preference measures/or psychometrics/or exp rating scales/or exp reading measures/or exp retention measures/or exp screening tests/or sociometric tests/or “speech and hearing measures”/or standardized tests/or subtests/or symptom checklists/or exp testing/or testing methods/or exp test scores/or verbal tests/
118	117 use psyh
119	(casefind* or ((case or tool) adj (find or identif*))).tw.
120	or/112,114,116,118–119
121	“area under the curve”/or predictive validity/or receiver operating characteristic/or reliability/or “sensitivity and specificity”/or test retest reliability/or *validity/
122	121 use emez
123	“area under curve”/or “predictive value of tests”/or “reproducibility of results”/or roc curve/or “sensitivity and specificity”/or validation studies/
124	123 use mesz, prem
125	test reliability/or test validity/
126	125 use psyh
127	(accurac* or accurat* or area under curve or auc value* or clinical utilit* or (likelihood adj3 ratio) or (diagnostic adj2 odds ratio) or ((pretest or pre test or posttest or post test) adj2 probabilit) or (predict adj3 value) or receiver operating characteristic or (roc adj2 curv) or reliabil* or sensititiv* or specificit* or valid*).tw.
128	or/122,124,126–127
129	94 and 120 and 128
130	95 or 129

Topic	Interventions to prevent mental health problems
Review question 2.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do psychological interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.2	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do social and physical environmental interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.3	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do personal and support strategies in community and residential settings which are aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.4	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do pharmacological interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.5	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do dietary interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.6	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do other multidisciplinary therapies aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.7	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do combined interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.8	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do occupational interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.9	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do community interventions (for example, to reduce stigma or hate crimes) aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.10	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, does psychoeducation aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.11	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do annual health checks aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.12	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, does family carer or staff training aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.13	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do exercise interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Topic	Interventions to treat and manage mental health problems
Review question 3.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do psychological interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.2	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do social and physical environmental interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.3	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do personal and support strategies in community and residential settings which are aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.4	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do pharmacological interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.5	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do dietary interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.6	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do other multidisciplinary therapies aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.7	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do combined interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.8	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do occupational interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.9	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do community interventions (for example, to reduce stigma or hate crimes) aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.10	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, does psychoeducation aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.11	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do exercise interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Topic	Approaches for service access, coordination and communication, and engagement and empowerment
Review question 4.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do interventions aimed at improving accessibility of services (e.g., by removing barriers) produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 4.3	What is the best approach with regard to the coordination and communication with key persons and services in the life of the person with learning disabilities and mental health problems?
Review question 4.4	What are the most appropriate strategies to engaging the family and staff/advocate of people with learning disabilities in the design, implementation and monitoring of interventions for that person’s mental health problems?
Review question 4.5	What are the most appropriate strategies to engage and empower service users with learning disabilities in the design, implementation and monitoring of interventions for that person’s mental health problems?
Topic	Models for transition between services
Review question 4.2	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, what are the effective models or support for transition between services (for example, young person to adult, adult to older adult, NHS to social care/residential)?
Topic	Service structures, training and supervision to support practitioners in delivery effective interventions
Review question 4.6	What are the most appropriate service structures, training and supervision to support practitioners in the effective delivery of interventions for people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems?
Topic	Interventions, training, support to improve health and wellbeing of family carers and staff
Review question 5.1	In family carers and staff caring for people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, which interventions, training and support improve the health and well-being of the family and staff as well as that of the person with learning disabilities when compared to an alternative approach?

H.2.4. Search 1

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

#	searches
1	exp developmental disorder/or intellectual impairment/or exp mental deficiency/or exp learning disorder/
2	1 use emez
3	developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual disability/or exp learning disorders/or mentally disabled persons/
4	3 use mesz, prem
5	exp developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual development disorder/or “intellectual development disorder (attitudes toward)”/or exp learning disabilities/
6	5 use psyh
7	((intellect* adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (low2 adj2 intellect) or (learning adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or handicap* or impair* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (mental* adj (deficien* or disab* or handicap* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or retard* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm))).ti,ab.
8	((subaverage or sub1 average or subnormal or sub1 normal) adj3 (child or cognit* or intel*)).tw.
9	((development* or neurodevelopment) adj disab).tw.
10	(education* adj5 subnorm*).tw.
11	(cretin* or feeble-minded* or imbecil* or moron*).tw.
12	(multipl* handicap* or sever* handicap* or handicap* child* or multiple disabilit* or developmental delay*).ti,ab.
13	*down syndrome/
14	13 use emez
15	angelman syndrome/or down syndrome/or fragile x syndrome/
16	15 use mesz, prem
17	down’s syndrome/
18	17 use psyh
19	(((angelman or happy puppet) adj2 syndrom) or (down1 adj (disease or syndrome)) or bell martin or fragile x or gillian turner or martin bell or turner gillian or x chromosome fragility or (escalante adj (disease or syndrome*))).ti,ab.
20	(special* adj2 (educat* or need*)).ti,ab,hw.
21	or/2,4,6–12,14,16,18–20
22	*mental disease/
23	22 use emez
24	mental disorders/
25	24 use mesz, prem
26	mental disorders/
27	26 use psyh
28	((mental* or psychologic) adj2 (health or disorder or disease* or deficien* or illness or problem*)).ti,ab,sh.
29	or/23,25,27–28
30	(attention deficit disorder/use emez or exp “attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/use mesz, prem or exp attention deficit disorder/use psyh or ((attenti or disrupt* or impulsiv* or inattenti).sh. or ((((attenti or disrupt) adj3 (adolescen or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster)) or (attenti adj3 deficit) or (hyper adj1 activ) or (hyper adj1 kin) or (minimal adj1 brain) or (over adj1 activ) or ad hd or addh or adhd or hkd or hyperactiv* or hyperkin* or impulsiv* or inattentiv* or overactiv).ti,ab. or disruptive.tw,it,tm.))) not overactive bladder*.ti.
31	*child behavior/use emez or exp child behavior/use mesz, prem
32	exp behavior problems/or conduct disorder/or oppositional defiant disorder/
33	32 use psyh
34	((behav* adj2 (agnostic or challeng* or dangerous or destructive or difficult* or disorder* or disrupt* or disturb* or externali* or problem)) or (child adj3 (behav* or conduct)) or (conduct adj2 (defian* or difficult* or disorder* or disturb* or problem)) or (oppositional adj3 (defiant or disorder*))).ti,ab.
35	or/31,33–34
36	exp *mood disorder/use emez or exp mood disorders/use mesz, prem or exp affective disorders/use psyh or (affective psychosis or schizoaffective disorder).sh.
37	(((bipolar or bipolar or bi polar) adj5 (disorder* or depress)) or ((cyclothymi or rapid or ultradian) adj5 cycl) or hypomani or mania* or manic* or mixed episode* or rcbd).ti,ab.
38	(depres* or seasonal affective disorder* or dysthym* or melancholi*).ti,ab.
39	or/36–38
40	exp *psychosis/use emez or exp “schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic features”/use mesz, prem or exp psychosis/use psyh or (borderline states or paranoid schizophrenia).sh.
41	(akathisia or akathisia, drug-induced or auditory hallucinations or delusions or dyskinesia or dyskinesia, drug-induced or dyskinesias or hallucinations or hypnagogic hallucinations or neuroleptic malignant syndrome or thought disorder or thought disturbances or visual hallucinations).sh. or (akathisi* or acathisi* or delusion* or hallucinat* or hebephreni* or (neuroleptic* and ((malignant and syndrome) or (movement adj2 disorder))) or oligophreni* or paranoi* or psychotic* or psychosis or psychoses or schizo* or (tardiv* and dyskine*)).ti,ab.
42	or/40–41
43	exp *eating disorder/use emez or exp eating disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or binge eating.sh.
44	(anorexi* or bing* or bulimi* or (compulsive adj2 (eat* or vomit)) or (eating adj2 disorder) or overeat* or (restrict* adj2 eat) or (self induc adj2 vomit*)).ti,ab.
45	or/43–44
46	exp anxiety disorder/use emez or exp anxiety disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or anxiety.sh. or (anxiet or anxious* or ((chronic* or excessiv* or intens* or (long* adj2 last) or neuros or neurotic* or ongoing or persist* or serious* or sever* or uncontrol* or un control* or unrelent* or un relent*) adj2 worry)).ti,ab.
47	(body dysmorphic disorder or compulsions or compulsive behavior or obsessive behavior).sh. or (clean* response* or compulsional or compulsions or obsession or obsessional or obsessions or (obsessive compulsive adj (disorder* or neuros)) or ocd or osteochondr compulsion or (recurr* adj (obsession* or thought))).ti,ab. or (body dysmorphi* or dysmorphophobi* or imagine* ugl* or obsess* ruminat* or scrupulosity or ((symmetr* or count* or arrang* or order* or wash* or repeat* or hoard* or clean* or check) adj compulsi)).mp.
48	panic.sh. or panic*.ti,ab.
49	(acrophob* or agoraphob* or claustrophob* or emetophob* or homophob* or kinesiophob* or lesbophob* or neophob* or neurophob* or phobi* or transphob* or trypanophob* or xenophob* or ((acute* or chronic* or extreme* or intense* or irrational* or persistent* or serious) adj2 fear) or (fear adj4 (air travel or animal* or blood* or buses or ((closed or public) adj2 space) or crowd or dark* or dental* or dentist* or dog1 or dying or falls or falling or fly or flying or height or hypochondriacal or injection* or injur* or laughed or leaving home or lightening or movement* or needle* or night* or panic* or plane* or reinjure* or school* or snake* or space* or spider* or test* or thunder* or train* or travel* or water)) or specific fear*).ti,ab.
50	(critical incident stress or emotional trauma or psychological stress or stress, psychological or traumatic neurosis).sh. or (acute stress or asd or combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or desnos or extreme stress or flash back* or flashback* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or posttraumatic* or post- traumatic* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho trauma* or psychotrauma* or ptsd or railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma) or re experienc or reexperienc* or stress disorder* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress or (trauma* and (avoidance or death* or emotion* or grief or horror or nightmare* or night mare*))).ti,ab.
51	(blushing or hyperhidrosis or mutism or performance anxiety or shyness or social anxiety or sweating or timidity).sh. or (((anxiet* or anxious* or phobia* or phobic) adj2 (performance or social)) or socioanxi* or sociophobi* or ((blush* or sweat* or trembl) adj3 (anxiet or anxious* or chronic* or excessiv* or fear* or severe)) or ((interpersonal or inter personal or social* or socio) adj2 (aversion or aversiv* or confiden* or difficult* or disorder* or distress* or fear)) or hyperhydrosis or hyperperspirat or (hyper adj (hydrosis or perspirat)) or ((mute or mutism) adj2 (elective* or selective)) or ((negative evaluation or speak) adj3 (anxiet* or anxious* or distress* or fear)) or paruresis or (((personalit or phobi* or social* or socio) adj2 avoid) or avoidant disorder) or (phobi* adj2 neuros) or phobic disorder or (school* adj2 (anxiet* or anxious* or phobi* or refuse or refusal)) or (shy or shyness) or specific phobia*).ti,ab.
52	or/46–51
53	exp *personality disorder/use emez or exp personality disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh
54	(borderline state or borderline person* or character disorder).sh. or ((borderline* adj3 (disorder* or person* or pd1 or state)) or (emotion* adj2 (instabil* or unstable) adj3 (character* or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person1 or personalit or state)) or (personalit adj (disorder* or dysfunction))).ti,ab. or (apd1.tw. and (asocial* or anti social* or antisocial* or character* or dissocial* or dis social* or person).mp.) or (aspd1 or ((asocial* or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) adj3 (character or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person)) or ((asocial or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) and personalit) or neuropsychopath* or psychopath3 or psycho path3 or sociopath* or socio path).ti,ab. or ((borderline and personalit) or (borderline and cluster b) or (dsm and (axis and ii))).mp.
55	or/53–54
56	automutilation/or exp suicide behavior/
57	56 use emez
58	self-injurious behavior/or self mutilation/or suicide/or suicidal ideation/or suicide, attempted/
59	58 use mesz, prem
60	suicide/or attempted suicide/or exp self injurious behavior/or suicidal ideation/or suicide prevention/or suicidology/
61	60 use psyh
62	(autoaggress* or auto aggress* or automutilat* or auto mutilat* or cutt* or overdose* or (self adj2 cut) or selfdestruct or self destruct* or selfharm* or self harm* or selfimmolat* or self immolat* or selfinflict* or self inflict* or selfinjur* or self injur* or selfmutilat* or self mutilat* or selfpoison* or self poison* or suicid*).ti,ab.
63	or/57,59,61–62
64	exp alcohol abuse/or exp drug dependence/or exp drug abuse/or substance abuse/
65	64 use emez
66	drug seeking behavior/or exp substance-related disorders/
67	66 use mesz, prem
68	addiction/or exp drug abuse/or drug overdoses/or sobriety/
69	68 use psyh
70	(alcoholi* or (alcohol* and (abstinence or detoxification or intoxicat* or rehabilit* or withdraw*))).hw.
71	(alcoholi* or drinker1 or (drink adj2 use1) or ((alcohol or drink) adj5 (abstinen or abstain* or abus* or addict* or attenuat* or binge* or crav* or dependen* or detox* or disease* or disorder* or excessiv* or harm* or hazard* or heavy or high risk or intoxicat* or misus* or overdos* or (over adj dos) or problem or rehab* or reliance or reliant or relaps* or withdraw)) or (control adj2 drink) or sobriet).ti,ab.
72	(((acetomorphine or amphetamine* or amphetamine* or analeptic* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or crank or dextroamphetamine* or diacephine or diacetylmorphine or diacetylmorphine or diamorphin* or diamorphine or diaphorin or drug or hashish or heroin or marihuana or marijua* or methadone* or methamphetamine* or morfin* or morphacetin or morphin* or naltrexone or narcotic* or opioid* or opium or polydrug* or psychostimulant* or speed or stimulant* or stimulant* or substance or uppers) adj3 (abstain* or abstinen* or abus* or addict* or (excessive adj use) or dependen or (inject* adj2 drug) or intoxicat or misus* or over dos* or overdos* or (use* adj (disorder* or illicit)) or withdraw)) or drug user).ti,ab.
73	or/65,67,69–72
74	abuse/or acting out/or agitation/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or assault/or exp child abuse/or disruptive behavior/or emotional abuse/or impulse control disorder/or intermittent explosive disorder/or patient abuse/or physical abuse/or exp sexual abuse/or verbal hostility/or exp violence/
75	74 use emez
76	acting out/or exp domestic violence/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or dangerous behavior/or hate/or hostility/or impulse control disorders/or sexual harassment/or torture/or violence/
77	76 use mesz, prem
78	abuse reporting/or acting out/or exp aggressive behavior/or aggressiveness/or agitation/or exp anger/or anger control/or battered females/or exp child abuse/or dangerousness/or elder abuse/or emotional abuse/or exposure to violence/or exp harrassment/or hate/or exp impulse control disorders/or patient abuse/or exp partner abuse/or rebelliousness/or retaliation/or exp sexual abuse/or threat/or threat postures/or torture/or verbal abuse/or exp violence/
79	78 use psyh
80	(abus* or aggress* or agitat* or agonistic or anger or angry or assault* or attack* or bizarre or challenging behav* or combative or danger* or disrupt* or disturb* or (explosive adj2 disorder) or harass* or hostil* or (impulse control adj disorder) or intimidat or rage* or threat* or untoward or violen*).ti,ab.
81	or/75,77,79–80
82	exp *dementia/or exp dementia/use mesz, prem,psyh or (alzheimer’s disease or creutzfeldt jakob syndrome or picks disease).sh.
83	(alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or lewy bod* or pick diseas*).ti,ab,hw.
84	or/82–83
85	(masturbat* or ((psychosexual or sexual) adj (abus* or behavior or harass* or offenc))).hw. or (fondling or genital or masturbat* or nudity or (inappropriate adj2 (grab* or touch)) or (sex adj2 (abus* or act* or behav* or proposition* or disinhibit* or harass* or offenc* or touch* or view*))).ti,ab.
86	dysexecutive syndrome.hw,tw.
87	autism/or childhood disintegrative disorder/or infantile autism/or rett syndrome/or “*pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified”/
88	87 use emez
89	child development disorders, pervasive/or autistic disorder/or rett syndrome/
90	89 use mesz, prem
91	autism/or pervasive developmental disorders/or autistic thinking/
92	91 use psyh
93	asperger.sh. or (asperger or autis* or cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia* or (kanners adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (rett adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (pervasive adj2 developmental disorder) or pdd nos).ti,ab.
94	or/88,90,92–93
95	or/29–30,35,39,42,45,52,55,63,73,81,84–86,94
96	21 and 95

CDSR, DARE, CENTRAL, HTA – Wiley

#1.: mesh descriptor: [developmental disabilities] this term only
#2.: mesh descriptor: [intellectual disability] explode all trees
#3.: mesh descriptor: [learning disorders] explode all trees
#4.: mesh descriptor: [mentally disabled persons] this term only
#5.: mesh descriptor: [angelman syndrome] this term only
#6.: mesh descriptor: [down syndrome] this term only
#7.: mesh descriptor: [fragile x syndrome] this term only
#8.: ((intellect* near/1 (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or “sub* average” or “sub* average” or “sub* norm*”)) or (low* near/2 intellect*) or (learning near/1 (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or handicap* or impair* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or “sub* average” or “sub* average” or “sub* norm*”)) or (mental* near/1 (deficien* or disab* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or retard* or subnorm* or “sub* average” or “sub* average” or “sub* norm*”)) or ((subaverage or “sub* average” or subnormal or “sub* normal*”) near/3 (child* or cognit* or intel*)) or ((development* or neurodevelopment*) near/1 disab*) or (education* near/5 subnorm*) or cretin* or “feeble-minded*” or imbecil* or moron* or handicap* or “multiple disabilit*” or “developmental delay*” or ((angelman or “happy puppet”) near/2 syndrom*) or (down* near/1 (disease or syndrome*)) or “bell martin” or “fragile x” or “gillian turner” or “martin bell” or “turner gillian” or “x chromosome fragility” or (escalante* near/1 (disease or syndrome*)) or “cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia*” or (kanners near/1 (disorder* or syndrome*)) or handicap*):ti,ab,kw
#9.: (special* near/2 (educat* or need*)):ti,ab,kw,ab,kw
#10.: #1 or #2 or #3 or #4 or #5 or #6 or #7 or #8 or #9
#11.: mesh descriptor: [mental disorders] this term only
#12.: mesh descriptor: [mentally ill persons] explode all trees
#13.: ((mental* or psychologic*) near/2 (deficien* or disease* or disorder* or disturbance* or dysfunction* or health or illness* or problem*)):ti,ab,kw
#14.: mesh descriptor: [anxiety] explode all trees
#15.: mesh descriptor: [dental anxiety] explode all trees
#16.: mesh descriptor: [performance anxiety] explode all trees
#17.: mesh descriptor: [anxiety disorders] explode all trees
#18.: mesh descriptor: [blushing] explode all trees
#19.: mesh descriptor: [hyperhidrosis] explode all trees
#20.: mesh descriptor: [mutism] explode all trees
#21.: mesh descriptor: [shyness] explode all trees
#22.: (anxiet* or anxious* or ((chronic* or excessiv* or intens* or (long* near/2 last*) or neuros* or neurotic* or ongoing or persist* or serious* or sever* or uncontrol* or “un control*” or unrelent* or “un relent*”) near/2 worry)):ti,ab,kw
#23.: mesh descriptor: [body dysmorphic disorders] explode all trees
#24.: mesh descriptor: [compulsive behavior] explode all trees
#25.: mesh descriptor: [obsessive behavior] explode all trees
#26.: (“clean* response*” or compulsion* or obsession* or (“obsessive compulsive” near/1 (disorder* or neuros*)) or ocd or osteochondr* or compulsion or (recurr* near/1 (obsession* or thought)) or “body dysmorphi*” or dysmorphophobi* or “imagine* ugl*” or “obsess* ruminat*” or scrupulosity or ((arrang* or check* or clean* or count* or hoard* or order* or repeat* or symmetr* or wash*) near/1 compulsi*)):ti,ab,kw
#27.: mesh descriptor: [panic] explode all trees
#28.: panic*:ti,ab,kw
#29.: (acrophob* or agoraphob* or claustrophob* or emetophob* or enfantaphob* or homophob* or infantaphob* or kinesiophob* or lesbophob* or neophob* or neurophob* or phobi* or transphob* or tokophobi* or trypanophob* or xenophob* or ((acute* or chronic* or extreme* or intens* or irrational* or persistent* or serious*) near/2 fear*) or (fear* near/4 (“air travel” or animal* or birth* or blood* or buses or ((closed or public) near/2 space*) or childbirth* or crowd* or dark* or dental* or dentist* or dog* or dying or falls or falling or fly or flying or height* or hypochondriacal or injection* or injur* or laughed or “leaving home” or lightening or movement* or needle* or night* or panic* or plane* or pregnan* or reinjure* or school* or snake* or space* or spider* or test* or thunder* or tokophob* or tocophob* or train* or travel* or water)) or “specific fear*”):ti,ab,kw
#30.: (((anxiet* or anxious* or phobia* or phobic*) near/2 (performance or social*)) or anthropophobi* socioanxi* or sociophobi* or ((blush* or sweat* or trembl*) near/3 (anxiet* or anxious* or chronic* or excessiv* or fear* or severe)) or ((interpersonal or “inter personal” or social* or socio*) near/2 (aversion* or aversiv* or confiden* or difficult* or disorder* or distress* or fear*)) or hyperhydrosis or hyperperspirat* or (hyper near/1 (hydrosis or perspirat*)) or ((mute* or mutism) near/2 (elective* or selective*)) or ((negative evaluation or speak*) near/3 (anxiet* or anxious* or distress* or fear*)) or paruresis or (((personalit* or phobi* or social* or socio*) near/2 avoid*) or “avoidant disorder”) or ((phobi* or social) near/2 neuros*) or “phobic disorder*” or (shy or shyness) or “specific phobia*”):ti,ab,kw
#31.: mesh descriptor: [stress, psychological] explode all trees
#32.: (“acute stress” or asd or “combat neuros*” or “combat syndrome” or “concentration camp syndrome” or desnos or “extreme stress” or “flash back*” or flashback* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or posttrauma* or “post trauma*” or (psycho* near/1 (stress* or trauma*)) or ptsd or “railway spine” or (rape near/2 trauma*) or “re experienc*” or reexperienc* or “stress disorder*” or “torture syndrome” or (traumatic near/1 (neuros* or stress)) or (trauma* and (avoidance or death* or emotion* or grief or horror or nightmare* or “night mare*”))):ti,ab,kw
#33.: mesh descriptor: [eating disorders] explode all trees
#34.: (anorexi* or bing* or bulimi* or (compulsive* near/2 (eat* or vomit*)) or (eating near/2 disorder*) or hyperorexia or “over eat*” or overeat* or ((forced or “self induc*” or selfinduc*) near/2 (purg* or vomit*)) or (restrict* near/2 eat*)):ti,ab,kw
#35.: mesh descriptor: [depression] explode all trees
#36.: mesh descriptor: [mood disorders] explode all trees
#37.: ((affective or mood) near/1 (disorder* or disturbance* or dysfunction*)):ti,ab,kw
#38.: (cyclothym* or depres* or dysthym* or (low near/2 mood) or melanchol* or “seasonal affective disorder*”):ti,ab,kw
#39.: (((bipolar or “bi polar”) near/5 (disorder* or depress*)) or ((cyclothymi* or rapid or ultradian) near/5 cycl*) or hypomani* or mania* or manic* or “mixed episode*” or rcbd):ti,ab,kw
#40.: mesh descriptor: [schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic features] explode all trees
#41.: (akathisi* or hebephreni* or oligophreni* or psychotic* or psychos* or schizo*):ti,ab,kw
#42.: parkinsoni* or “neuroleptic induc*” or psychiatric*:ti,ab,kw
#43.: mesh descriptor: [personality disorders] explode all trees
#44.: (((aggressiv* or anxious* or borderline* or dependent* or eccentric* or emotional* or immature or passiv* or psychoneurotic or “psycho neurotic” or unstable) near/5 personalit*) or (anal* near/1 (personalit* or character* or retentiv*)) or aspd or “character disorder*” or (personalit* near/5 disorder*)):ti,ab,kw
#45.: (anankastic* or asocial* or avoidant* or antisocial* or “anti social*” or compulsiv* or dissocial* or histrionic* or narciss* or neuropsychopath* or obsessiv* or paranoi* or psychopath* or sadist* or schizoid* or schizotyp* or sociopath* or (moral near/2 insanity)):ti,ab,kw
#46.: (“cluster a” or “cluster b” or “cluster c” or (dsm and (axis and ii)) or (icd and (f60 or f61 or f62)) or ((anxious* or dramatic* or eccentric* or emotional* or fearful* or odd*) near/5 cluster*)):ti,ab,kw
#47.: mesh descriptor: [drug-seeking behavior] explode all trees
#48.: mesh descriptor: [substance-related disorders] explode all trees
#49.: alcohol* and (abstinence or detoxification or intoxicat* or rehabilit* or withdraw*):kw
#50.: alcoholi*:kw
#51.: (alcoholi* or drinker* or (drink* near/2 use*) or ((alcohol* or drink*) near/5 (abstinen* or abstain* or abus* or addict* or attenuat* or binge* or crav* or dependen* or detox* or disease* or disorder* or excessiv* or harm* or hazard* or heavy or “high risk” or intoxicat* or misus* or overdos* or “over dos*” or problem* or rehab* or reliance or reliant or relaps* or withdraw*)) or (control* near/2 drink*) or sobriet*):ti,ab,kw
#52.: cannabis or cocaine or hashish or heroin or marihuana or marijua*:kw
#53.: ((acetomorphine or amphetamine* or amphetamine* or analeptic* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or crank or dextroamphetamine* or diacephine or diacetylmorphine or diacetylmorphine or diamorphin* or diamorphine or diaphorin or drug or methadone* or methamphetamine* or morfin* or morphacetin or morphin* or naltrexone or narcotic* or opioid* or opium or polydrug* or psychostimulant* or speed or stimulant* or stimulant* or substance or uppers) near/3 (abstain* or abstinen* or abus* or addict* or (excessive near/1 use*) or dependen* or (inject* near/2 drug*) or intoxicat* or misus* or “over dos*” or overdos* or (use* near/1 (disorder* or illicit)) or withdraw*)) or ((drug or substance) near/1 use*):ti,ab,kw
#54.: mesh descriptor: [delirium] explode all trees
#55.: mesh descriptor: [korsakoff syndrome] explode all trees
#56.: (“amnesic syndrome*” or catatoni* or deliri* or “dissociative disorder*” or hallucinosis or korsakof* or (organic near/1 (mental or brain))):ti,ab,kw
#57.: (adhd or addh or ad hd or ((adult* or child*) near/2 add*) or (attenti* near/3 deficit*) or hyperactiv* or (hyper near/1 activ*) or hyperkin* or hyper kin* or hkd or minimal brain or (brain dysfunction and (ritalin or methylphenidate)) or ((child* or adult*) near/3 (disrupt* or attention* or inattent* or impulsiv* or overactiv*))):ti,ab,kw
#58.: mesh descriptor: [conduct disorder] this term only
#59.: (child* near/3 (behav* or conduct*)) or (conduct* near/2 (defian* or difficult* or disorder* or disturb* or problem*)) or (oppositional near/3 (defiant* or disorder*)):ti,ab,kw
#60.: (behav* near/2 (agnostic or challeng* or dangerous or destructive or difficult* or disorder* or disrupt* or disturb* or externali* or problem*) near/5 (adolescen* or boy* or child* or delinquen* or girl* or graders or infant* or junior* or juvenile* or kindergarten or minors or paediatric* or pediatric* or postpubert* or postpubescen* or preadolescen* or prepubert* or prepubescen* or preschool* or preteen* or pubert* or pubescen* or school* or teen* or toddler* or (young* near/1 (people or person* or patient* or population*)) or youngster* or youth*)):ti,ab,kw
#61.: mesh descriptor: [acting out] this term only
#62.: mesh descriptor: [domestic violence] explode all trees
#63.: mesh descriptor: [aggression] explode all trees
#64.: mesh descriptor: [anger] explode all trees
#65.: mesh descriptor: [dangerous behavior] explode all trees
#66.: mesh descriptor: [hate] this term only
#67.: mesh descriptor: [hostility] this term only
#68.: mesh descriptor: [sexual harassment] this term only
#69.: mesh descriptor: [torture] this term only
#70.: mesh descriptor: [violence] this term only
#71.: (aggress* or agitat* or agonistic or anger or angry or assault* or attack* or bizarre or “challenging behav*” or “combative or danger*” or disrupt* or disturb* or (explosive near/2 disorder) or harass* or hostil* or (“impulse control” near/1 disorder*) or intimidat* or rage* or threat* or untoward or “un toward” or violen*):ti,ab,kw
#72.: “dysexecutive syndrome”:ti,ab,kw,ab,kw
#73.: (masturbat* or ((psychosexual or sexual) near/1 (abus* or behavior or harass* or offenc*))):kw
#74.: (fondling or genital* or masturbat* or nudity or (inappropriate near/2 (grab* or touch*)) or (sex* near/2 (abus* or act* or behav* or proposition* or disinhibit* or harass* or offenc* or touch* or view*))):ti,ab,kw
#75.: mesh descriptor: [self-injurious behavior] this term only
#76.: mesh descriptor: [self mutilation] this term only
#77.: mesh descriptor: [suicide] this term only
#78.: mesh descriptor: [suicidal ideation] this term only
#79.: (autoaggress* or “auto aggress*” or automutilat* or “auto mutilat*” or cutt* or overdose* or (self near/2 cut*) or selfdestruct* or “self destruct*” or selfharm* or “self harm*” or selfimmolat* or “self immolat*” or selfinflict* or “self inflict*” or selfinjur* or “self injur*” or selfmutilat* or “self mutilat*” or selfpoison* or “self poison*” or suicid*):ti,ab,kw
#80.: mesh descriptor: [dementia] explode all trees
#81.: (alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or “lewy bod*” or “pick diseas*”):ti,ab,kw
#82.: (alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or “lewy bod*” or “pick diseas*”):ti,ab,kw
#83.: mesh descriptor: [child development disorders, pervasive] explode all trees
#84.: mesh descriptor: [rett syndrome] this term only
#85.: (asperger* or autis* or “cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia*” or (kanners near/1 (disorder* or syndrome*)) or (rett* near/1 (disorder* or syndrome*)) or (pervasive near/2 “developmental disorder*”) or “pdd nos”):ti,ab,kw
#86.: mesh descriptor: [child development disorders, pervasive] explode all trees
#87.: mesh descriptor: [aggression] explode all trees
#88.: mesh descriptor: [anger] explode all trees
#89.: fraud or “firesetting behavior” or homicide or “juvenile delinquency” or rape or sex offences or “social behavior disorders” or theft or torture or violence:kw
#90.: ((adjust* near/2 (difficult* or problem*)) or aggressi* or angry or anger* or antisocial* or “anti social*” or asbo or asocial or bully* or bullie* or callous* or delinquen* or deviant* or hostile or hostility or maladjust* or maladjust* or psychopath* or shoplift* or “shop lift*” or steal* or temper* or theft* or “unemotional trait*” or vandali* or violen* or (cruel* near/2 animal*) or “sex* offen*” or ((social or unemotional) near/1 (difficult* or problem*)) or ((noncomplian* or “non complian*”) near/3 (adolescen* or boy* or child* or delinquen* or girl* or graders or infant* or junior* or juvenile* or kindergarten or minors or paediatric or pediatric* or postpubert* or postpubescen*or preadolescen* or prepubert* or prepubescen* or preschool* or preteen* or pubert* or pubescen* or school* or teen* or toddler* or (young* near/1 (people or person* or patient* or population*)) or youngster* or youth*))):ti,ab,kw (word variations have been searched)
#91.: #11 or #12 or #13 or #14 or #15 or #16 or #17 or #18 or #19 or #20 or #21 or #22 or #23 or #24 or #25 or #26 or #27 or #28 or #29 or #30 or #31 or #32 or #33 or #34 or #35 or #36 or #37 or #38 or #39 or #40 or #41 or #42 or #43 or #44 or #45 or #46 or #47 or #48
#92.: #49 or #50 or #51 or #52 or #53 or #54 or #55 or #56 or #57 or #58 or #59 or #60 or #61 or #62 or #63 or #64 or #65 or #66 or #67 or #68 or #69 or #70 or #71 or #72 or #73 or #74 or #75 or #76 or #77 or #78 or #79 or #80 or #81 or #82 or #83 or #84 or #85 or #86 or #87 or #88 or #89 or #90
#93.: #91 or #92
#94.: #10 and #93

Topic	Interventions to prevent mental health problems
Review question 2.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do psychological interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.12	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, does family carer or staff training aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Topic	Interventions to treat and manage mental health problems
Review question 3.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do psychological interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?

H.2.5. Search 2 (updates: Vereenooghe and Langdon [2013])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

#	searches
1	(((mental* adj2 (handicap* or retard* or disab* or impair)) or ((learning or intellect or develop) adj2 (difficult or disab* or impair)) or imbecile or subnormal) and (training or management or counsel or psychotherap*)).ti,ab,sh.

Topic	Interventions to prevent mental health problems
Review question 2.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do psychological interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.2	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do social and physical environmental interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.3	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do personal and support strategies in community and residential settings which are aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.6	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do other multidisciplinary therapies aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.7	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do combined interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.8	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do occupational interventions aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.9	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, do community interventions (for example, to reduce stigma or hate crimes) aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.10	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, does psychoeducation aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 2.12	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities, does family carer or staff training aimed at preventing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Topic	Interventions to treat and manage mental health problems
Review question 3.1	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do psychological interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.2	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do social and physical environmental interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.3	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do personal and support strategies in community and residential settings which are aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.6	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do other multidisciplinary therapies aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.7	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do combined interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.8	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do occupational interventions aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.9	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, do community interventions (for example, to reduce stigma or hate crimes) aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?
Review question 3.10	In people (children, young people and adults) with learning disabilities and mental health problems, does psychoeducation aimed at treating and managing mental health problems produce benefits that outweigh possible harms when compared to an alternative approach?

H.2.6. Search 3

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

#	searches
1	exp developmental disorder/or intellectual impairment/or exp mental deficiency/or exp learning disorder/
2	1 use emez developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual disability/or exp learning
3	disorders/or mentally disabled persons/
4	3 use mesz, prem
5	exp developmental disabilities/or exp intellectual development disorder/or “intellectual development disorder (attitudes toward)”/or exp learning disabilities/
6	5 use psyh
7	((intellect* adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (low2 adj2 intellect) or (learning adj (deficien* or difficult* or disab* or disorder* or handicap* or impair* or incapacit* or handicap* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm)) or (mental* adj (deficien* or disab* or handicap* or impair* or handicap* or incapacit* or retard* or subnorm* or sub1 average or sub1 average or sub1 norm))).ti,ab.
8	((subaverage or sub1 average or subnormal or sub1 normal) adj3 (child or cognit* or intel*)).tw.
9	((development* or neurodevelopment) adj disab).tw.
10	(education* adj5 subnorm*).tw.
11	(cretin* or feeble-minded* or imbecil* or moron*).tw.
12	(multipl* handicap* or sever* handicap* or handicap* child* or multiple disabilit* or developmental delay*).ti,ab.
13	*down syndrome/
14	13 use emez
15	angelman syndrome/or down syndrome/or fragile x syndrome/
16	15 use mesz, prem
17	down’s syndrome/
18	17 use psyh
19	(((angelman or happy puppet) adj2 syndrom) or (down1 adj (disease or syndrome)) or bell martin or fragile x or gillian turner or martin bell or turner gillian or x chromosome fragility or (escalante adj (disease or syndrome*))).ti,ab.
20	(special* adj2 (educat* or need*)).ti,ab,hw.
21	or/2,4,6–12,14,16,18–20
22	*mental disease/
23	22 use emez
24	mental disorders/
25	24 use mesz, prem
26	mental disorders/
27	26 use psyh
28	((mental* or psychologic) adj2 (health or disorder or disease* or deficien* or illness or problem*)).ti,ab,sh.
29	or/23,25,27–28
30	(attention deficit disorder/use emez or exp “attention deficit and disruptive behavior disorders”/use mesz, prem or exp attention deficit disorder/use psyh or ((attenti or disrupt* or impulsiv* or inattenti).sh. or ((((attenti or disrupt) adj3 (adolescen or adult* or behav* or child* or class or classes or classroom* or condition* or difficult* or disorder* or learn* or people or person* or poor or problem* or process* or youngster)) or (attenti adj3 deficit) or (hyper adj1 activ) or (hyper adj1 kin) or (minimal adj1 brain) or (over adj1 activ) or ad hd or addh or adhd or hkd or hyperactiv* or hyperkin* or impulsiv* or inattentiv* or overactiv).ti,ab. or disruptive.tw,it,tm.))) not overactive bladder*.ti.
31	*child behavior/use emez or exp child behavior/use mesz, prem
32	exp behavior problems/or conduct disorder/or oppositional defiant disorder/
33	32 use psyh
34	((behav* adj2 (agnostic or challeng* or dangerous or destructive or difficult* or disorder* or disrupt* or disturb* or externali* or problem)) or (child adj3 (behav* or conduct)) or (conduct adj2 (defian* or difficult* or disorder* or disturb* or problem)) or (oppositional adj3 (defiant or disorder*))).ti,ab.
35	or/31,33–34
36	exp *mood disorder/use emez or exp mood disorders/use mesz, prem or exp affective disorders/use psyh or (affective psychosis or schizoaffective disorder).sh.
37	(((bipolar or bipolar or bi polar) adj5 (disorder* or depress)) or ((cyclothymi or rapid or ultradian) adj5 cycl) or hypomani or mania* or manic* or mixed episode* or rcbd).ti,ab.
38	(depres* or seasonal affective disorder* or dysthym* or melancholi*).ti,ab.
39	or/36–38
40	exp *psychosis/use emez or exp “schizophrenia and disorders with psychotic features”/use mesz, prem or exp psychosis/use psyh or (borderline states or paranoid schizophrenia).sh.
41	(akathisia or akathisia, drug-induced or auditory hallucinations or delusions or dyskinesia or dyskinesia, drug-induced or dyskinesias or hallucinations or hypnagogic hallucinations or neuroleptic malignant syndrome or thought disorder or thought disturbances or visual hallucinations).sh. or (akathisi* or acathisi* or delusion* or hallucinat* or hebephreni* or (neuroleptic* and ((malignant and syndrome) or (movement adj2 disorder))) or oligophreni* or paranoi* or psychotic* or psychosis or psychoses or schizo* or (tardiv* and dyskine*)).ti,ab.
42	or/40–41
43	exp *eating disorder/use emez or exp eating disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or binge eating.sh.
44	(anorexi* or bing* or bulimi* or (compulsive adj2 (eat* or vomit)) or (eating adj2 disorder) or overeat* or (restrict* adj2 eat) or (self induc adj2 vomit*)).ti,ab.
45	or/43–44
46	exp anxiety disorder/use emez or exp anxiety disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh or anxiety.sh. or (anxiet or anxious* or ((chronic* or excessiv* or intens* or (long* adj2 last) or neuros or neurotic* or ongoing or persist* or serious* or sever* or uncontrol* or un control* or unrelent* or un relent*) adj2 worry)).ti,ab.
47	(body dysmorphic disorder or compulsions or compulsive behavior or obsessive behavior).sh. or (clean* response* or compulsional or compulsions or obsession or obsessional or obsessions or (obsessive compulsive adj (disorder* or neuros)) or ocd or osteochondr compulsion or (recurr* adj (obsession* or thought))).ti,ab. or (body dysmorphi* or dysmorphophobi* or imagine* ugl* or obsess* ruminat* or scrupulosity or ((symmetr* or count* or arrang* or order* or wash* or repeat* or hoard* or clean* or check) adj compulsi)).mp.
48	panic.sh. or panic*.ti,ab.
49	(acrophob* or agoraphob* or claustrophob* or emetophob* or homophob* or kinesiophob* or lesbophob* or neophob* or neurophob* or phobi* or transphob* or trypanophob* or xenophob* or ((acute* or chronic* or extreme* or intense* or irrational* or persistent* or serious) adj2 fear) or (fear adj4 (air travel or animal* or blood* or buses or ((closed or public) adj2 space) or crowd or dark* or dental* or dentist* or dog1 or dying or falls or falling or fly or flying or height or hypochondriacal or injection* or injur* or laughed or leaving home or lightening or movement* or needle* or night* or panic* or plane* or reinjure* or school* or snake* or space* or spider* or test* or thunder* or train* or travel* or water)) or specific fear*).ti,ab.
50	(critical incident stress or emotional trauma or psychological stress or stress, psychological or traumatic neurosis).sh. or (acute stress or asd or combat neuros* or combat syndrome or concentration camp syndrome or desnos or extreme stress or flash back* or flashback* or hypervigilan* or hypervigilen* or posttraumatic* or post-traumatic* or psych* stress or psych* trauma* or psycho trauma* or psychotrauma* or ptsd or railway spine or (rape adj2 trauma) or re experienc or reexperienc* or stress disorder* or torture syndrome or traumatic neuros* or traumatic stress or (trauma* and (avoidance or death* or emotion* or grief or horror or nightmare* or night mare*))).ti,ab.
51	(blushing or hyperhidrosis or mutism or performance anxiety or shyness or social anxiety or sweating or timidity).sh. or (((anxiet* or anxious* or phobia* or phobic) adj2 (performance or social)) or socioanxi* or sociophobi* or ((blush* or sweat* or trembl) adj3 (anxiet or anxious* or chronic* or excessiv* or fear* or severe)) or ((interpersonal or inter personal or social* or socio) adj2 (aversion or aversiv* or confiden* or difficult* or disorder* or distress* or fear)) or hyperhydrosis or hyperperspirat or (hyper adj (hydrosis or perspirat)) or ((mute or mutism) adj2 (elective* or selective)) or ((negative evaluation or speak) adj3 (anxiet* or anxious* or distress* or fear)) or paruresis or (((personalit or phobi* or social* or socio) adj2 avoid) or avoidant disorder) or (phobi* adj2 neuros) or phobic disorder or (school* adj2 (anxiet* or anxious* or phobi* or refuse or refusal)) or (shy or shyness) or specific phobia*).ti,ab.
52	or/46–51
53	exp *personality disorder/use emez or exp personality disorders/use mesz, prem,psyh
54	(borderline state or borderline person* or character disorder).sh. or ((borderline* adj3 (disorder* or person* or pd1 or state)) or (emotion* adj2 (instabil* or unstable) adj3 (character* or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person1 or personalit or state)) or (personalit adj (disorder* or dysfunction))).ti,ab. or (apd1.tw. and (asocial* or anti social* or antisocial* or character* or dissocial* or dis social* or person).mp.) or (aspd1 or ((asocial* or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) adj3 (character or difficult* or disorder* or dysfunction* or pd or person)) or ((asocial or antisocial* or anti social* or dissocial* or dis social) and personalit) or neuropsychopath* or psychopath3 or psycho path3 or sociopath* or socio path).ti,ab. or ((borderline and personalit) or (borderline and cluster b) or (dsm and (axis and ii))).mp.
55	or/53–54
56	automutilation/or exp suicide behavior/
57	56 use emez
58	self-injurious behavior/or self mutilation/or suicide/or suicidal ideation/or suicide, attempted/
59	58 use mesz, prem
60	suicide/or attempted suicide/or exp self injurious behavior/or suicidal ideation/or suicide prevention/or suicidology/
61	60 use psyh
62	(autoaggress* or auto aggress* or automutilat* or auto mutilat* or cutt* or overdose* or (self adj2 cut) or selfdestruct or self destruct* or selfharm* or self harm* or selfimmolat* or self immolat* or selfinflict* or self inflict* or selfinjur* or self injur* or selfmutilat* or self mutilat* or selfpoison* or self poison* or suicid*).ti,ab.
63	or/57,59,61–62
64	exp alcohol abuse/or exp drug dependence/or exp drug abuse/or substance abuse/
65	64 use emez
66	drug seeking behavior/or exp substance-related disorders/
67	66 use mesz, prem
68	addiction/or exp drug abuse/or drug overdoses/or sobriety/
69	68 use psyh
70	(alcoholi* or (alcohol* and (abstinence or detoxification or intoxicat* or rehabilit* or withdraw*))).hw.
71	(alcoholi* or drinker1 or (drink adj2 use1) or ((alcohol or drink) adj5 (abstinen or abstain* or abus* or addict* or attenuat* or binge* or crav* or dependen* or detox* or disease* or disorder* or excessiv* or harm* or hazard* or heavy or high risk or intoxicat* or misus* or overdos* or (over adj dos) or problem or rehab* or reliance or reliant or relaps* or withdraw)) or (control adj2 drink) or sobriet).ti,ab.
72	(((acetomorphine or amphetamine* or amphetamine* or analeptic* or cannabis or cocaine or crack or crank or dextroamphetamine* or diacephine or diacetylmorphine or diacetylmorphine or diamorphin* or diamorphine or diaphorin or drug or hashish or heroin or marihuana or marijua* or methadone* or methamphetamine* or morfin* or morphacetin or morphin* or naltrexone or narcotic* or opioid* or opium or polydrug* or psychostimulant* or speed or stimulant* or stimulant* or substance or uppers) adj3 (abstain* or abstinen* or abus* or addict* or (excessive adj use) or dependen or (inject* adj2 drug) or intoxicat or misus* or over dos* or overdos* or (use* adj (disorder* or illicit)) or withdraw)) or drug user).ti,ab.
73	or/65,67,69–72
74	abuse/or acting out/or agitation/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or assault/or exp child abuse/or disruptive behavior/or emotional abuse/or impulse control disorder/or intermittent explosive disorder/or patient abuse/or physical abuse/or exp sexual abuse/or verbal hostility/or exp violence/
75	74 use emez
76	acting out/or exp domestic violence/or exp aggression/or exp anger/or dangerous behavior/or hate/or hostility/or impulse control disorders/or sexual harassment/or torture/or violence/
77	76 use mesz, prem
78	abuse reporting/or acting out/or exp aggressive behavior/or aggressiveness/or agitation/or exp anger/or anger control/or battered females/or exp child abuse/or dangerousness/or elder abuse/or emotional abuse/or exposure to violence/or exp harrassment/or hate/or exp impulse control disorders/or patient abuse/or exp partner abuse/or rebelliousness/or retaliation/or exp sexual abuse/or threat/or threat postures/or torture/or verbal abuse/or exp violence/
79	78 use psyh
80	(abus* or aggress* or agitat* or agonistic or anger or angry or assault* or attack* or bizarre or challenging behav* or combative or danger* or disrupt* or disturb* or (explosive adj2 disorder) or harass* or hostil* or (impulse control adj disorder) or intimidat or rage* or threat* or untoward or violen*).ti,ab.
81	or/75,77,79–80
82	exp *dementia/or exp dementia/use mesz, prem,psyh or (alzheimer’s disease or creutzfeldt jakob syndrome or picks disease).sh.
83	(alzheim* or binswanger* or dement* or kluver or lewy bod* or pick diseas*).ti,ab,hw.
84	or/82–83
85	(masturbat* or ((psychosexual or sexual) adj (abus* or behavior or harass* or offenc))).hw. or (fondling or genital or masturbat* or nudity or (inappropriate adj2 (grab* or touch)) or (sex adj2 (abus* or act* or behav* or proposition* or disinhibit* or harass* or offenc* or touch* or view*))).ti,ab.
86	dysexecutive syndrome.hw,tw.
87	autism/or asperger syndrome/or childhood disintegrative disorder/or infantile autism/or rett syndrome/or “pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified”/
88	87 use emez
89	child development disorders, pervasive/or asperger syndrome/or autistic disorder/or rett syndrome/
90	89 use mesz, prem
91	autism/or pervasive developmental disorders/or aspergers syndrome/or autistic thinking/
92	91 use psyh
93	(asperger* or autis* or cerebroatrophic hyperammonemia* or (kanners adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (rett adj (disorder* or syndrome)) or (pervasive adj2 developmental disorder) or pdd nos).ti,ab.
94	or/88,90,92–93
95	21 and (or/29–30,35,39,42,45,52,55,63,73,81,84–86,94)
96	exp behaviour therapy/or exp cognitive therapy/or (counseling.sh. and exp counseling/) or group therapy/or mindfulness/or problem solving/or psychotherapy/or reality therapy/or relaxation training/or social adaption/or (virtual reality/and exposure/)
97	friends/or group process/or group therapy/or exp peer group/or social network/or support group/or *voluntary worker/
98	or/96–97 use emez
99	exp behaviour therapy/or exp counseling/or implosive therapy/or mindfulness/or patient centered care/or problem solving/or psychotherapy*.sh. or exp psychotherapy, group/or reality therapy/or relaxation therapy/or virtual reality exposure therapy/
100	education, nonprofessional/or friends/or group processes/or hotlines/or peer group/or exp psychotherapy, group/or self-help groups/or voluntary workers/or self-administration/
101	or/99–100 use mesz, prem
102	exp behavior therapy/or client centered therapy/or exp cognitive behavior therapy/or exp counselling/or exp group psychotherapy/or mindfulness/or exp problem solving/or psychotherapy/or reality therapy/or exp relaxation therapy/or reminiscence/or social skills/or social skills training/
103	exp group psychotherapy/or exp peer relations/or exp social networks/or friendship/or group dynamics/or hot line services/or outreach programs/or peer counseling/or peer evaluation/or peer relations/or peers/or social group work/or support groups/or volunteers/
104	or/102–103 use psyh
105	(((psychological* or psychosocial) adj2 (intervention* or therap* or treat)) or psychotherap).ti,ab.
106	(((behaviour* or behavior) adj2 cognitiv) or cbt or ccbt or ((behav* or cognitive) adj3 (intervention or manag* or program* or therap* or treat)) or (behav adj2 activat*)).ti,ab.
107	((aggressive* or anger) adj3 (intervention or manag* or program* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
108	counsel*.ti,ab.
109	((graded adj2 exposure) or exposure therap* or virtual reality or vr based or vrget).ti,ab.
110	(relaxation* adj3 (intervention* or manag* or program* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
111	(mindfullness or mindfulness).ti,ab.
112	(participant* adj2 (modeling or modelling)).ti,ab.
113	problem* solv*.ti,ab.
114	(person centred adj (care or therap*)).ti,ab.
115	reality therap*.ti,ab.
116	(reminis* adj3 (intervention* or manag* or program* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
117	(self determination skill* or ((psychosocial or social) adj (competence or skil) adj5 (educat or intervention* or learn* or program* or instruct* or teach* or train)) or social intervention or teach* skill*).ti,ab.
118	or/98,101,104–117
119	(befriend* or be1 friend or buddy or buddies or ((community or lay or paid or support) adj (person or worker*))).ti,ab.
120	(((consumer* or famil* or friend* or lay or mutual* or peer* or social* or voluntary or volunteer) adj3 (assist or advice* or advis* or counsel* or educat* or forum* or help* or mentor* or network* or support* or visit)) or ((consumer or famil* or peer* or self help or social* or support* or voluntary or volunteer) adj2 group) or ((consumer* or famil* or friend* or lay or mutual* or peer* or self help or social* or support* or voluntary or volunteer) adj3 (intervention or program* or rehab* or therap* or service* or skill* or treat)) or (((consumer or famil* or friend* or lay* or peer* or user* or support* or voluntary or volunteer) adj (based or counsel or deliver* or interact* or led or mediat* or operated or provides or provider* or run)) or ((consumer or famil* or friend* or lay* or peer* or relation* or support) adj3 trust) or voluntary work*)).ti,ab.
121	(((lay or peer) adj3 (advis or consultant or educator* or expert* or facilitator* or instructor* or leader* or mentor* or person* or tutor* or worker)) or expert patient or mutual aid).ti,ab.
122	(peer* adj3 (assist* or counsel* or educat* or program* or rehab* or service* or supervis*)).ti,ab.
123	((psychoeducat* or psycho educat) adj3 (group or network or service*)).ti,ab.
124	((emotion* adj (focus* or friend* or relation)) or ((dyadic or loneliness or psychosocial or psycho social) adj2 (assist or counsel* or intervention* or program* or support* or therap* or treat)) or ((emotion or one to one or transition) adj support) or (lay adj (led or run)) or ((emotion* or network* or organisation* or organization* or social or psychosocial) adj (adapt* or reintegrat* or support)) or (coping adj (behav or skill*))).ti,ab.
125	(support* adj3 (approach* or educat* or instruct* or interven* or learn* or module* or network* or program* or psychotherap* or strateg* or technique* or therap* or train* or workshop* or work shop*)).ti,ab.
126	(((group adj (intervention* or therap)) or (group1 adj2 (advocacy or approach* or assist* or coach* or counsel* or educat* or help* or instruct* or learn* or module* or network* or participat* or program* or psychotherap* or rehab* or skill* or strateg* or support* or teach* or train* or workshop* or work shop*))) or supportive treatment).ti,ab.
127	(((group* or network* or peer1) adj2 (discuss or exchang* or interact* or meeting)) or support group or (groupwork or (group adj2 work))).ti,ab.
128	or/119–127
129	(helpline or help line or ((phone* or telephone) adj3 (help or instruct* or interact* or interven* or mediat* or program* or rehab* or strateg* or support* or teach* or therap* or train* or treat* or workshop)) or ((phone or telephone) adj2 (assist* or based or driven or led or mediat*))).ti,ab.
130	(helpseek* or ((search* or seek) adj4 (care or assistance or counsel or healthcare or help* or support* or therap* or treat*))).ti,ab.
131	((self adj (administer* or assess* or attribut* or care or change or directed or efficacy or help* or guide* or instruct* or manag* or medicat* or monitor* or regulat* or reinforc* or re inforc* or support* or technique* or therap* or train* or treat)) or selfadminister or selfassess* or selfattribut* or selfcare or selfchange or selfdirected or selfefficacy or selfhelp* or selfguide* or selfinstruct* or selfmanag* or selfmedicat* or selfmonitor* or selfregulat* or selfreinforc* or self re inforc* or selfsupport* or selftechnique* or selftherap* or selftrain* or selftreat*).ti,ab.
132	or/129–131
133	or/118,128,132
134	95 and 133
135	“acceptance and commitment therapy”/or behaviour modification/or *behavior therapy/
136	135 use emez
137	behavior therapy/
138	137 use mesz, prem
139	“acceptance and commitment therapy”/or exp behavior analysis/or exp behavior modification/
140	139 use psyh
141	(acceptance or commitment or defusion or compassion or mindfulness or loving kindness or meditation or detachment or person based cognitive therapy or act).ti,ab.
142	(compliance or adherence or concordance).ti,ab.
143	or/136,138,140–142
144	exp animal assisted therapy/or pet animal/
145	144 use emez
146	exp animal assisted therapy/or animals domestic/or bonding, human-pet/
147	146 use mesz, prem
148	animal assisted therapy/or pets/
149	148 use psyh
150	(((animal or cat or dog1) adj (assisted or based)) or ((animal or cat1 or dog1) adj2 (intervention* or program* or therap)) or animal use1 or (((cat1 or dog1 or human) adj2 companion) or friend) or (pet adj (animals or dogs or companion* or ownership*)) or pets).ti,ab.
151	or/145,147,149–150
152	aversion therapy/or reinforcement/
153	152 use emez
154	aversive therapy/or “reinforcement (psychology)”/or exp token economy/or exp reward/
155	154 use mesz, prem
156	exp aversion therapy/or exp contingency management/or exp social reinforcement/
157	156 use psyh
158	((applied adj (behaviour or behavior) adj analysis) or aversion therap* or cue exposure or (contingen* adj2 (management or reinforc* or re inforc)) or (contingen and (voucher* or incentive* or prize)) or (reinforcement adj2 contract*)).ti,ab.
159	((cognitive adj3 (analy* or enhanc* or modif* or rehab* or remediat* or re mediat* or stimulat*)) or reality orientation).ti,ab.
160	motivat*.ti,ab.
161	or/153,155,157–160
162	family therapy/or marital therapy/
163	162 use emez
164	couples therapy/or family therapy/or marital therapy/or psychotherapy, group/
165	164 use mesz, prem
166	couples therapy/or conjoint therapy/or exp marriage counseling/or exp family therapy/or family intervention/or exp family life education/or multisystemic therapy/or network therapy/
167	166 use psyh
168	(((conjoint or con joint or couple1 or family or families or marital or husband or marriage or partner* or spous* or wife or wives) adj7 (counsel* or intervention* or program* or support* or therap* or treat)) or (couple1 adj (based or orientated)) or systems therap*).ti,ab.
169	or/163,165,167–168
170	caregiver/ed or education/or exp family/ed or health education/or education program/or exp parent/ed or parent counseling/or patient education/or *exp parent child relation/
171	170 use emez
172	caregivers/ed or exp family/ed or exp health education/
173	172 use mesz, prem
174	client education/or educational programs/or family life education/or health education/or exp parent child relations/or parenting skills/or parent training/
175	174 use psyh
176	((carer* or caregiv* or care giv* or classroom* or conjoint or con joint or couples or family or families or father* or friend* or husband* or marital) adj7 (educat* or intervention* or program* or support* or taught or teach* or train*)).ti,ab.
177	((marriage or maternal* or mother* or parent* or partner* or paternal or school* or (significant adj (other* or people)) or spous* or teacher* or wife or wives) adj7 (educat* or intervention* or program* or support* or taught or teach* or train*)).ti,ab.
178	meriden model*.ti,ab.
179	(famil* adj2 (engag* or interact* or relationship* or support*)).ti,ab.
180	or/171,173,175–178
181	exp health care personnel/ed or staff training/
182	181 use emez
183	exp health personnel/ed or exp inservice training/
184	183 use mesz, prem
185	(exp health personnel/and education*.hw.) or exp personnel training/
186	185 use psyh
187	((doctor* or gp or medic* or nurs* or practitioner* or psychologist* or psychiatrist* or staff) adj7 (educat or intervention* or program* or taught or teach* or train*)).ti,ab.
188	((augmented adj2 alternative communication) or individualised sensory environment or individualized sensory environment or intensive interaction or (picture exchange communication system* or pecs) or social stories or stepping stones or talking mat*).ti,ab.
189	or/182,184,186–188
190	dialectical behavior therapy/use psyh
191	(dialectic* or dbt).ti,ab.
192	or/190–191
193	exp desensitization, psychologic/use mesz, prem
194	eye movement desensitization therapy/use psyh
195	(eye movement or emdr).ti,ab.
196	or/193–195
197	(psychoeducat* or psycho educat*).ti,ab,hw.
198	psychotherapy, rational-emotive/use mesz, prem
199	rational emotive behavior therapy/use psyh
200	(rational emotive or rational thinking or ret or rebt).ti,ab.
201	or/197–200
202	*systematic desensitization/use emez
203	desensitization, psychologic/use mesz, prem
204	systematic desensitization therapy/use psyh
205	(desensitisation or de sensitisation).ti,ab.
206	or/202–205
207	art therapy/or dance therapy/or gardening/or horticultural therapy/or music therapy/or play therapy/or *role playing/
208	207 use emez
209	gardening/or horticultural therapy/or exp sensory art therapies/
210	209 use mesz, prem
211	creative arts therapy/or horticulture therapy/
212	211 use psyh
213	(((auditory or acoustic) adj5 (stimulat* or cue)) or (compose or composing or guitar or earing modalit* or improvis* or improviz* or music* or rhythmic* or melod* or piano* or sing or sings or singing or song* or (listen* adj2 (reminisc* or orientat*)))).ti,ab.
214	(art1 or artist or drawing* or painting*).ti,ab.
215	(drama* or psychodrama* or psychodrama or ((game1 or play back or playback) adj2 theatre) or mime* or roleplay* or role play* or theraplay* or thera play*).ti,ab.
216	(dance* or dancing or (movement adj2 therap*)).ti,ab.
217	((creativ* or expressive or recreation) adj2 (intervention or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
218	(gardening or horticultur*).ti,ab.
219	(jocotherap* or joko therap* or masks or puppet3 or (play adj2 (filial or course* or curricul* or educat* or intervention* or learn* or module* or program* or rehab* or scheme* or skill* or teach* or therap* or tool* or train* or treat* or workshop* or work shop*))).ti,ab.
220	(((rebound or re bound) adj therap) or trampolin*).ti,ab.
221	or/208,210,212–220
222	exp *alternative medicine/use emez
223	exp complementary therapies/use mesz, prem
224	exp alternative medicine/use psyh
225	(aromatherap* or hypnotherp* or hypnos* or mesmerism* or imagery* or autohypnos* or auto hypnos*).ti,ab.
226	(body mind* or breathing exercises or chi kung or chundosunbup or imagery or kundalini or massag* or meditat* or mind body or mindfulness-based or mbsr or mbct or pranayama or qigong or qi-gong or reiki or relax* or sudarshan or tai chi or vipassana or visualisation or visualization or yoga or yogic or zen).ti,ab.
227	or/222–226
228	exp physical activity/or physical education/or exp *sports/
229	228 use emez
230	exp exercise/or physical exertion/or exp “physical education and training”/or exp sports/
231	230 use mesz, prem
232	exp physical activity/or physical education/or exp sports/
233	232 use psyh
234	(aerobic train* or exercis* or gym* or jog* or (physical adj (activit* or fit)) or resistance train* or sport* or strength train* or (swim* not rat) or walk or weight lift*).ti,ab.
235	or/229,231,233–234
236	exp employment/or exp occupational health/or occupational therapy/or exp return to work/or vocational education/or vocational rehabilitation/or work/or *work resumption/
237	239 use emez
238	employment, supported/or occupational health/or occupational medicine/or occupational therapy/or rehabilitation, vocational/or return to work/or vocational education/or work/or (employment/and rh.fs.)
239	238 use mesz, prem
240	exp vocational rehabilitation/or exp employee skills/or independent living programs/or occupational health/or occupational therapy/or reemployment/or (employment and rehabilitation).hw. or vocational education/or sheltered workshops/or work adjustment training/
241	240 use psyh
242	(club house* or clubhouse* or fountain house* or work therap*).ti,ab.
243	((employ* or job1 or occupat or reemploy* or vocation* or work) adj3 (advice or advis or assist* or coach* or counsel* or educat* or experience or integrat* or interven* or liaison* or placement* or program* or rehab* or reintegrat* or retrain* or scheme* or support* or service* or skill* or teach* or therap* or train* or transitional* or vocat*)).ti,ab.
244	((individual placement adj2 support) or ips model).ti,ab.
245	((permitted or voluntary or rehab) adj3 work).ti,ab.
246	((psychiatric or psychosocial or psycho social or social) adj2 rehab*).ti,ab.
247	rehabilitation counsel*.ti,ab.
248	sheltered workshop*.ti,ab.
249	((prevocat* or vocat) adj3 (advice or advis* or assist* or casework* or case work* or counsel* or educat* or integrat* or interven* or liaison* or mentor* or network* or program* or rehab* or reintegrat* or service* or setting* or skill* or support* or retrain* or teach* or therap* or train* or treat* or specialist*)).ti,ab.
250	vocational outcome*.ti,ab.
251	or/237,239,241–250
252	*daily life activity/use emez
253	exp activities of daily living/or exp self care/or exp daily life activity/
254	253 use mesz, prem
255	“activities of daily living”/or daily activities/or independent living programs/
256	255 use psyh
257	(occupation* adj3 (intervention* or program* or therap*)).ti,ab.
258	((benefits* or bills or budget* or computer* or diet* or financ* or money or nutrition* or relationship) adj3 (advice or assist* or coach* or educat* or interven* or program* or skill* or support* or service* or teach* or tool*)).ti,ab.
259	((healthy living adj (intervention* or program)) or exercise program or harm reduction program*).ti,ab.
260	((advice* or assist* or coach* or educat* or interven* or program* or skill* or support* or service* or teach* or tool) adj2 (living or life or social or self care or independen or survival)).ti,ab.
261	(transition* adj2 (adult* or support* or service*)).ti,ab.
262	(independen* adj2 (live* or living)).ti,ab.
263	or/252,254,256–262
264	assertive training/or exp interpersonal communication/or social adaption/
265	264 use emez
266	*interpersonal relations/or social skills/
267	266 use mesz, prem
268	assertiveness training/or communication skills training/or human relations training/or exp skill learning/or social skills/or social skills training/
269	268 use psyh
270	(assertiveness training or communication skills training).ti,ab.
271	(((psychosocial or social) adj3 skill) or ((communication or psychosocial or social) adj2 (learn* or train)) or ((psychosocial or social) adj3 competen) or roleplay* or role play* or ((peer* or social* or psychosocial or support) adj2 (group or network)) or ((group or peer* or social* or psychosocial) adj2 (network* or support)) or social relationship).ti,ab.
272	or/265,267,269–271
273	*psychosocial rehabilitation/use emez
274	((exp rehabilitation/or exp rehabilitation centers/or rehab.ti,ab. or rh.fs.) and (communit or social*).sh,ti,ab.) or social adjustment/
275	274 use mesz, prem
276	psychosocial readjustment/or exp psychosocial rehabilitation/or rehabilitation counseling/
277	276 use psyh
278	(supportive adj (intervention* or program* or therap*)).ti,ab.
279	or/273,275,277–278
280	bibliotherap*.tw.
281	exp *child parent relation/use emez
282	exp parent-child relations/use mesz, prem
283	exp parent child relations/or exp parent child communication/
284	286 use psyh
285	(((maternal or mother) adj3 (baby or babies or child or infant)) and (attachment or intervention* or program* or relationship* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
286	(network therap* or social behav* or sbnt).ti,ab.
287	(communit* and (reinforc* or re inforc*)).ti,ab.
288	(social system* adj2 (intervention* or program* or therap*)).ti,ab.
289	or/281,282,284–288
290	*problem solving/use emez
291	problem solving/use mesz, prem
292	problem solving/or solution focused therapy/
293	292 use psyh
294	((solution adj (based or focused)) or sfbt).ti,ab.
295	((problem* or solution) adj3 (based or educat or focus* or orientated* or solv* or skill* or train*)).ti,ab.
296	or/290,291,293–295
297	((communit* or social* or environment) adj3 (intervention or program* or therap* or treat*)).ti,ab.
298	((communit* or social* or environment*) adj (based or orientated)).ti,ab.
299	or/297–298
300	or/143,151,161,169,180,189,192,196,201,206,221,227,235,251,263,272,279,2 80,289,296,299
301	95 and 300
302	or/134,301

Study design filters

Systematic review study design filters

Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PsycINFO – Ovid SP

meta analysis/or systematic review/
1 use emez
meta analysis.sh,pt. or “meta-analysis as topic”/or “review literature as topic”/
3 use mesz, prem, prem
(literature review or meta analysis).sh,id,md. or systematic review.id,md.
5 use psyh
(exp bibliographic database/or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,sh,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)
7 use emez
(exp databases, bibliographic/or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,sh,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)
9 use mesz, prem, prem
(computer searching.sh,id. or (((electronic or computer* or online) adj database*) or bids or cochrane or embase or index medicus or isi citation or medline or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or science citation or (web adj2 science)).ti,ab.) and (review*.ti,ab,pt. or systematic*.ti,ab.)
11 use psyh
((analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantitativ* or systematic*) adj2 (overview* or review*)).tw. or ((analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantitativ* or systematic*).ti. and review*.ti,pt.) or (systematic* adj2 search*).ti,ab.
(metaanal* or meta anal*).ti,ab.
(research adj (review* or integration)).ti,ab.
reference list*.ab.
bibliograph*.ab.
published studies.ab.
relevant journals.ab.
selection criteria.ab.
(data adj (extraction or synthesis)).ab.
(handsearch* or ((hand or manual) adj search*)).ti,ab.
(mantel haenszel or peto or dersimonian or der simonian).ti,ab.
(fixed effect* or random effect*).ti,ab.
((pool* or combined or combining) adj2 (data or trials or studies or results)).ti,ab.
or/2,4,6,8,10,12–25

CINAHL – Ebsco

s33	s1 or s2 or s3 or s4 or s5 or s6 or s7 or s8 or s9 or s10 or s11 or s12 or s13 or s14 or s15 or s16 or s22 or s23 or s26 or s27 or s28 or s29 or s30 or s31 or s32
s32	ti ( analy* n5 review* or assessment* n5 review* or evidence* n5 review* or methodol* n5 review* or quantativ* n5 review* or systematic* n5 review* ) or ab ( analy* n5 review* or assessment* n5 review* or evidence* n5 review* or methodol* n5 review* or quantativ* n5 review* or systematic* n5 review* )
s31	ti ( analy* n5 overview* or assessment* n5 overview* or evidence* n5 overview* or methodol* n5 overview* or quantativ* n5 overview* or systematic* n5 overview* ) or ab ( analy* n5 overview* or assessment* n5 overview* or evidence* n5 overview* or methodol* n5 overview* or quantativ* n5 overview* or systematic* n5 overview* )
s30	ti ( pool* n2 results or combined n2 results or combining n2 results ) or ab ( pool* n2 results or combined n2 results or combining n2 results )
s29	ti ( pool* n2 studies or combined n2 studies or combining n2 studies ) or ab ( pool* n2 studies or combined n2 studies or combining n2 studies )
s28	ti ( pool* n2 trials or combined n2 trials or combining n2 trials ) or ab ( pool* n2 trials or combined n2 trials or combining n2 trials )
s27	ti ( pool* n2 data or combined n2 data or combining n2 data ) or ab ( pool* n2 data or combined n2 data or combining n2 data )
s26	s24 and s25
s25	ti review* or pt review*
s24	ti analy* or assessment* or evidence* or methodol* or quantativ* or systematic*
s23	ti “systematic* n5 search” or ab “systematic n5 search*”
s22	(s17 or s18 or s19) and (s20 or s21)
s21	ti systematic* or ab systematic*
s20	tx review* or mw review* or pt review*
s19	(mh “cochrane library”)
s18	ti ( bids or cochrane or index medicus or “isi citation” or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or “science citation” or web n2 science ) or ab ( bids or cochrane or index medicus or “isi citation” or psyclit or psychlit or scisearch or “science citation” or web n2 science )
s17	ti ( “electronic database” or “bibliographic database” or “computerised database” or “computerized database” or “online database” ) or ab ( “electronic database” or “bibliographic database” or “computerised database” or “computerized database” or “online database” )
s16	(mh “literature review”)
s15	pt systematic* or pt meta*
s14	ti ( “fixed effect” or “random effect” ) or ab ( “fixed effect” or “random effect” )
s13	ti ( “mantel haenszel” or peto or dersimonian or “der simonian” ) or ab ( “mantel haenszel” or peto or dersimonian or “der simonian” )
s12	ti ( handsearch* or “hand search” or “manual search” ) or ab ( handsearch* or “hand search” or “manual search” )
s11	ab “data extraction” or “data synthesis”
s10	ab “selection criteria”
s9	ab “relevant journals”
s8	ab “published studies”
s7	ab bibliograph*
s6	ab “reference list*”
s5	ti ( “research review” or “research integration” ) or ab ( “research review” or “research integration” )
s4	ti ( metaanal* or “meta anal”) or ab ( metaanal or “meta anal*”)
s3	(mh “meta analysis”)
s2	(mh “systematic review”)
s1	(mh “literature searching+”)

Randomised controlled trials study design filter

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

exp “clinical trial (topic)”/or exp clinical trial/or crossover procedure/or double blind procedure/or placebo/or randomization/or random sample/or single blind procedure/
1 use emez
exp clinical trial/or exp “clinical trials as topic”/or cross-over studies/or double-blind method/or placebos/or random allocation/or single-blind method/
3 use mesz, prem, prem
(clinical trials or placebo or random sampling).sh,id.
5 use psyh
(clinical adj2 trial*).ti,ab.
(crossover or cross over).ti,ab.
(((single* or doubl* or trebl* or tripl*) adj2 blind*) or mask* or dummy or doubleblind* or singleblind* or trebleblind* or tripleblind*).ti,ab.
(placebo* or random*).ti,ab.
treatment outcome*.md. use psyh
animals/not human*.mp. use emez
animal*/not human*/use mesz, prem, prem
(animal not human).po. use psyh
(or/2,4,6–11) not (or/12–14)

CINAHL – Ebsco

s10	s9 not s8
s9	s1 or s2 or s3 or s4 or s5 or s6 or s7
s8	(mh “animals”) not (mh “human”)
s7	(pt “clinical trial”) or (pt “randomized controlled trial”)
s6	ti ( placebo* or random* ) or ab ( placebo* or random* )
s5	ti ( “single blind” or “double blind” or “treble blind” or mask or dummy* or singleblind* or doubleblind* or trebleblind* ) or ab ( “single blind” or “double blind” or “treble blind” or mask or dummy* or singleblind* or doubleblind* or trebleblind* )
s4	ti ( crossover or “cross over “) or ab ( crossover or “cross over” )
s3	ti clinical n2 trial* or ab clinical n2 trial*
s2	(mh “crossover design”) or (mh “placebos”) or (mh “random assignment”) or (mh “random sample”)
s1	(mh “clinical trials+”)

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National Guideline Alliance (UK). Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities: Prevention, Assessment and Management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2016 Sep. (NICE Guideline, No. 54.) Appendix H, Search strategies for the identification of clinical studies.
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Search strategies for the identification of clinical studies - Mental Health Pro...
Search strategies for the identification of clinical studies - Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities: Prevention, Assessment and Management
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Mental Health Problems in People with Learning Disabilities: Prevention, Assessment and Management.

Appendix HSearch strategies for the identification of clinical studies

Abbreviations

H.1. Scoping searches

H.2. Systematic search

Text Box 1

H.2.1. Search 1

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

H.2.2. Search 2 (updates: Buckles and colleagues [2013])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

H.2.3. Search 3 (updates: Einfeld and colleagues [2011])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

H.2.4. Search 1

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

CDSR, DARE, CENTRAL, HTA – Wiley

H.2.5. Search 2 (updates: Vereenooghe and Langdon [2013])

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

H.2.6. Search 3

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

Study design filters

Systematic review study design filters

Embase, MEDLINE, MEDLINE In-Process, PsycINFO – Ovid SP

CINAHL – Ebsco

Randomised controlled trials study design filter

Embase, MEDLINE, PreMEDLINE, PsycINFO – Ovid

CINAHL – Ebsco

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