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Wang Z, Pianosi P, Keogh K, et al. The Clinical Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Asthma Management [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 Dec. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 197.)

Cover of The Clinical Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Asthma Management

The Clinical Utility of Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) in Asthma Management [Internet].

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Appendix BExcluded Studies

  1. Abuzayan I, Turner SW. Changes in exhaled nitric oxide after ingestion of L-arginine in children: a pilot study. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2010 Mar;45(3):236–40. doi: 10.1002/ppul.21110. PMID: 20131381. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 20131381] [CrossRef]
  2. Acouetey DS, Zmirou-Navier D, Avogbe PH, et al. Genetic predictors of inflammation in the risk of occupational asthma in young apprentices. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2013 Jun;110(6):423–8 e5. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2013.04.005. PMID: 23706710. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 23706710] [CrossRef]
  3. Adar SD, D’Souza J, Sheppard L, et al. Adopting Clean Fuels and Technologies on School Buses. Pollution and Health Impacts in Children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015 Jun 15;191(12):1413–21. doi: 10.1164/rccm.201410-1924OC. PMID: 25867003 The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PMC free article: PMC4476560] [PubMed: 25867003] [CrossRef]
  4. Adema, A Y, Verwey, et al. Effect of a short-term stay in a high altitude clinic. Tijdschrift voor Kindergeneeskunde. 2009;77(1):30–6. The study does not evaluate FeNO.
  5. Adisesh LA, Kharitonov SA, Yates DH, et al. Exhaled and nasal nitric oxide is increased in laboratory animal allergy. Clinical and Experimental Allergy. 1998 Jul;28(7):876–80. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2222.1998.00332.x. PMID: WOS:000075104800014. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PubMed: 9720822] [CrossRef]
  6. Akamatsu T, Shirai T, Kato M, et al. Effect of switching from salmeterol/fluticasone to formoterol/budesonide combinations in patients with uncontrolled asthma. Allergol Int. 2012 Jun;61(2):323–9. doi: 10.2332/allergolint.11-OA-0384. PMID: 22441635. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 22441635] [CrossRef]
  7. Akamatsu T, Shirai T, Kato M, et al. Switching from salmeterol/fluticasone to formoterol/budesonide combinations improves peripheral airway/alveolar inflammation in asthma. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Feb;27(1):52–6. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.04.001. PMID: 23583566. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 23583566] [CrossRef]
  8. Akashi K, Mezawa H, Tabata Y, et al. Optimal step-down approach for pediatric asthma controlled by salmeterol/fluticasone: A randomized, controlled trial (OSCAR study). Allergol Int. 2016 Jul;65(3):306–11. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2016.02.010. PMID: 27155753. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 27155753] [CrossRef]
  9. Al-Ali MK, Eames C, Howarth PH. Exhaled nitric oxide; relationship to clinicophysiological markers of asthma severity. Respiratory Medicine. 1998 Jul;92(7):908–13. doi: Doi 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90189-5. PMID: WOS:000075609700003. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 10070563] [CrossRef]
  10. Al-Ali MK, Howarth PH. Exhaled nitric oxide levels in exacerbations of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia. Saudi Med J. 2001 Mar;22(3):249–53. PMID: 11307112. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PubMed: 11307112]
  11. Alcazar-Navarrete B, Romero-Palacios PJ, Ruiz-Sancho A, et al. Diagnostic performance of the measurement of nitric oxide in exhaled air in the diagnosis of COPD phenotypes. Nitric Oxide-Biology and Chemistry. 2016 Apr 1;54:67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.02.003. PMID: WOS:000373658000008. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PubMed: 26916083] [CrossRef]
  12. Ali M, Khoo SK, Turner S, et al. NOS1 polymorphism is associated with atopy but not exhaled nitric oxide levels in healthy children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2003 Aug;14(4):261–5. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-3038.2003.00065.x. PMID: 12911502. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PubMed: 12911502] [CrossRef]
  13. Allen RW, Mar T, Koenig J, et al. Changes in lung function and airway inflammation among asthmatic children residing in a woodsmoke-impacted urban area. Inhalation Toxicology. 2008 February;20(4):423–33. doi: 10.1080/08958370801903826. PMID: WOS:000253642800006. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 18302050] [CrossRef]
  14. Alvarez-Gutierrez FJ, Medina-Gallardo JF, Perez-Navarro P, et al. [Comparison of the Asthma Control Test (ACT) with lung function, levels of exhaled nitric oxide and control according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)]. Arch Bronconeumol. 2010 Jul;46(7):370–7. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2010.04.003. PMID: 20605310. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 20605310] [CrossRef]
  15. Alvarez-Puebla MJ, Olaguibel JM, Almudevar E, et al. Mannitol versus hypertonic saline: Safety and efficacy of mannitol and hypertonic saline in sputum induction and bronchial hyperreactivity assessment. Chronic Respiratory Disease. 2015 Aug;12(3):197–203. doi: 10.1177/1479972315576144. PMID: WOS:000358381700003. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 25761367] [CrossRef]
  16. Amer, M, Cowan, et al. Effect of inhaled beta2-agonist on exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE. 2016 01 Jun;11 (6) (no pagination)(e0157019). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157019. PMID: 20160431719. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PMC free article: PMC4892672] [PubMed: 27258087] [CrossRef]
  17. Amimoto, Y, Arakaki, et al. Relationship between compliance with inhaled corticosteroids and changes in the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide during summer camp for asthmatic children. Japanese Journal of Allergology. 2011;60(12):1641–5. doi: 10.15036/arerugi.60.1641. The study is not original (commentaries, letters, etc. should be excluded) [PubMed: 22343779] [CrossRef]
  18. Amore M, Antonucci C, Bettini E, et al. Disease Control in Patients with Asthma is Associated with Alexithymia but not with Depression or Anxiety. Behavioral Medicine. 2013 Oct 1;39(4):138–45. doi: 10.1080/08964289.2013.818931. PMID: WOS:000327945800006. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 24236811] [CrossRef]
  19. Anderson WJ, Lipworth BJ. Does body mass index influence responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids in persistent asthma? Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012 Apr;108(4):237–42. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2011.12.006. PMID: 22469442. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 22469442] [CrossRef]
  20. Anderson WJ, Lipworth BJ. Relationship of mannitol challenge to methacholine challenge and inflammatory markers in persistent asthmatics receiving inhaled corticosteroids. Lung. 2012 Oct;190(5):513–21. doi: 10.1007/s00408-012-9396-6. PMID: 22684880. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 22684880] [CrossRef]
  21. Ansarin, K, Chatkin, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Relationship to pulmonary function. European Respiratory Journal. 2001;17(5):934–8. PMID: 2001232784. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 11488329]
  22. Antczak A, Kharitonov SA, Montuschi P, et al. Inflammatory response to sputum induction measured by exhaled markers. Respiration. 2005 Nov–Dec;72(6):594–9. doi: 10.1159/000086721. PMID: 15988171. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 15988171] [CrossRef]
  23. Arabkhazaeli A, Vijverberg SJ, van Erp FC, et al. Characteristics and severity of asthma in children with and without atopic conditions: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2015 Nov 06;15:172. doi: 10.1186/s12887-015-0481-x. PMID: 26545978. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC4636786] [PubMed: 26545978] [CrossRef]
  24. Araujo L, Jacinto T, Moreira A, et al. Clinical efficacy of web-based versus standard asthma self-management. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2012;22(1):28–34. PMID: 22448451. Other reason [PubMed: 22448451]
  25. Araujo L, Moreira A, Palmares C, et al. Induced sputum in children: success determinants, safety, and cell profiles. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2011;21(3):216–21. PMID: 21548450. The study does not evaluate FeNO [PubMed: 21548450]
  26. Arga M, Bakirtas A, Topal E, et al. Can exhaled nitric oxide be a surrogate marker of bronchial hyperresponsiveness to adenosine 5′-monophosphate in steroid-naive asthmatic children? Clin Exp Allergy. 2015 Apr;45(4):758–66. doi: 10.1111/cea.12447. PMID: 25378028. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 25378028] [CrossRef]
  27. Arnold DH, Gebretsadik T, Abramo TJ, et al. Noninvasive testing of lung function and inflammation in pediatric patients with acute asthma exacerbations. J Asthma. 2012 Feb;49(1):29–35. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.637599. PMID: 22133263. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PMC free article: PMC3813959] [PubMed: 22133263] [CrossRef]
  28. Aronsson D, Tufvesson E, Bjermer L. Allergic rhinitis with or without concomitant asthma: difference in perception of dyspnoea and levels of fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Clin Exp Allergy. 2005 Nov;35(11):1457–61. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02363.x. PMID: 16297142. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 16297142] [CrossRef]
  29. Arroyave, W D, Rabito, et al. Asthma severity, not asthma control, is worse in atopic compared with nonatopic adolescents with asthma. Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. 2016 01 Jan;116(1):18–25. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.10.015. PMID: 20160035478. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 26560898] [CrossRef]
  30. Arshad SH, Raza A, Lau L, et al. Pathophysiological characterization of asthma transitions across adolescence. Respir Res. 2014 Nov 29;15:153. doi: 10.1186/s12931-014-0153-7. PMID: 25472820. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC4256730] [PubMed: 25472820] [CrossRef]
  31. Badorrek P, Dick M, Emmert L, et al. Pollen starch granules in bronchial inflammation. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012 Sep;109(3):208–14 e6. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2012.06.019. PMID: 22920077. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [CrossRef]
  32. Baines KJ, Simpson JL, Wood LG, et al. Transcriptional phenotypes of asthma defined by gene expression profiling of induced sputum samples. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011 Jan;127(1):153–60, 60 e1–9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.10.024. PMID: 21211650. Other reason [PubMed: 21211650] [CrossRef]
  33. Balboa de P, F, Rueda E, et al. Exhaled nitric oxygen in healthy and asthmatic children. [Spanish]. Anales Espanoles de Pediatria. 2002;57(1):12–7. PMID: 2002277965. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects)
  34. Baptist, A P, Ross, et al. Older adults with asthma: Does age of asthma onset make a difference? Journal of Asthma. 2013 October;50(8):836–41. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2013.816967. PMID: 2013584398. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 23782329] [CrossRef]
  35. Baptist AP, Li L, Dichiaro CA. The importance of atopy on exhaled nitric oxide levels in African American children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2015 May;114(5):399–403. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2015.02.005. PMID: 25752733. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PubMed: 25752733] [CrossRef]
  36. Baptist AP, Sengupta R, Pranathiageswaran S, et al. Evaluation of exhaled nitric oxide measurements in the emergency department for patients with acute asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2008 May;100(5):415–9. doi: 10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60464-4. PMID: 18517071. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 18517071] [CrossRef]
  37. Baptist AP, Shah B, Wang Y, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide levels during treatment in patients hospitalized with asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2008 Mar–Apr;29(2):171–6. doi: 10.2500/aap.2008.29.3098. PMID: 18430315. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [CrossRef]
  38. Baptist AP, Ross JA, Yang Y, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a self-regulation intervention for older adults with asthma. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2013 May;61(5):747–53. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12218. PMID: 23617712. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 23617712] [CrossRef]
  39. Baptist, Alan P, Shah, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide levels during treatment in patients hospitalized with asthma. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings. 2008 Mar–Apr;29(2):171–6. PMID: 18430315. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects)
  40. Baraket, Melissa, Oliver, et al. Is low dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy as effective for inflammation and remodeling in asthma? A randomized, parallel group study. Respiratory Research. 2012;13:11. PMID: 22300506. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC3296667] [PubMed: 22300506]
  41. Baraket M, Oliver BG, Burgess JK, et al. Is low dose inhaled corticosteroid therapy as effective for inflammation and remodeling in asthma? A randomized, parallel group study. Respir Res. 2012 Feb 02;13:11. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-11. PMID: 22300506. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PMC free article: PMC3296667] [PubMed: 22300506] [CrossRef]
  42. Baraldi E, Carra S, Dario C, et al. Effect of natural grass pollen exposure on exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999 Jan;159(1):262–6. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.159.1.9804063. PMID: 9872848. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 9872848] [CrossRef]
  43. Baraldi E, Carraro S, Alinovi R, et al. Cysteinyl leukotrienes and 8-isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate of children with asthma exacerbations. Thorax. 2003 Jun;58(6):505–9. doi: 10.1136/thorax.58.6.505. PMID: 12775861. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PMC free article: PMC1746712] [PubMed: 12775861] [CrossRef]
  44. Baraldi E, Ghiro L, Piovan V, et al. Safety and success of exhaled breath condensate collection in asthma. Arch Dis Child. 2003 Apr;88(4):358–60. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.4.358. PMID: 12651772. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC1719518] [PubMed: 12651772] [CrossRef]
  45. Baraldi E, Giordano G, Pasquale MF, et al. 3-Nitrotyrosine, a marker of nitrosative stress, is increased in breath condensate of allergic asthmatic children. Allergy. 2006 Jan;61(1):90–6. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.00996.x. PMID: 16364162. Other reason [PubMed: 16364162] [CrossRef]
  46. Baraldi E, Scollo M, Zaramella C, et al. A simple flow-driven method for online measurement of exhaled NO starting at the age of 4 to 5 years. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Nov;162(5):1828–32. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.162.5.2002014. PMID: 11069821. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 11069821] [CrossRef]
  47. Baraldi E, Bonetto G, Zacchello F, et al. Low exhaled nitric oxide in school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia and airflow limitation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan 01;171(1):68–72. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200403-298OC. PMID: 15477497. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PubMed: 15477497] [CrossRef]
  48. Baraldi E, Ghiro L, Piovan V, et al. Increased exhaled 8-isoprostane in childhood asthma. Chest. 2003 Jul;124(1):25–31. doi: 10.1378/chest.124.1.25. PMID: 12853498. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [CrossRef]
  49. Barben J, Strippoli MP, Trachsel D, et al. Effect of mannitol dry powder challenge on exhaled nitric oxide in children. PLoS One. 2013 18 Jan;8(1):e54521. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054521. PMID: 23349918. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC3548778] [PubMed: 23349918] [CrossRef]
  50. Bardin P, Kanniess F, Gauvreau G, et al. Roflumilast for asthma: Efficacy findings in mechanism of action studies. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Dec;35 Suppl:S4–10. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.08.006. PMID: 26296794. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 26296794] [CrossRef]
  51. Barraza-Villarreal A, Sunyer J, Hernandez-Cadena L, et al. Air pollution, airway inflammation, and lung function in a cohort study of Mexico City schoolchildren. Environ Health Perspect. 2008 Jun;116(6):832–8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.10926. PMID: 18560490. The study does not evaluate FeNO [PMC free article: PMC2430242] [PubMed: 18560490] [CrossRef]
  52. Barreto M, Bonafoni S, Barberi S, et al. Does a parent-reported history of pneumonia increase the likelihood of respiratory symptoms needing therapy in asthmatic children and adolescents? J Asthma. 2011 Sep;48(7):714–20. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2011.601779. PMID: 21793780. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 21793780] [CrossRef]
  53. Barreto M, Rennerova Z, Montesano M, et al. Variations in exhaled nitric oxide in children with asthma during a 1-week stay in a mountain village sanatorium. J Asthma. 2008 Aug;45(6):453–8. doi: 10.1080/02770900802040035. PMID: 18612896. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PubMed: 18612896] [CrossRef]
  54. Barreto M, Villa MP, Olita C, et al. 8-Isoprostane in exhaled breath condensate and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children and adolescents. Chest. 2009 Jan;135(1):66–73. doi: 10.1378/chest.08-0722. PMID: 18753466. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 18753466] [CrossRef]
  55. Barreto M, Villa MP, Montesano M, et al. Reduced exhaled nitric oxide in children after testing of maximal expiratory pressures. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006 Feb;41(2):141–5. doi: 10.1002/ppul.20358. PMID: 16358341. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PubMed: 16358341] [CrossRef]
  56. Barros R, Moreira A, Fonseca J, et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fresh fruit intake are associated with improved asthma control. Allergy. 2008 Jul;63(7):917–23. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01665.x. PMID: 18588559. Other reason [PubMed: 18588559] [CrossRef]
  57. Barros R, Moreira A, Fonseca J, et al. Dietary intake of alpha-linolenic acid and low ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA are associated with decreased exhaled NO and improved asthma control. British Journal of Nutrition. 2011 Aug 14;106(3):441–50. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511000328. PMID: 2011524628. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 21443816] [CrossRef]
  58. Battaglia S, den Hertog H, Timmers MC, et al. Small airways function and molecular markers in exhaled air in mild asthma. Thorax. 2005 Aug;60(8):639–44. doi: 10.1136/thx.2004.035279. PMID: 16061704. The study does not have a comparison group (studies must have a comparison group or pre/post design) [PMC free article: PMC1747499] [PubMed: 16061704] [CrossRef]
  59. Beck-Ripp J, Latzin P, Griese M. Exhaled carbon monoxide is not flow dependent in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Eur J Med Res. 2004 Nov 29;9(11):518–22. PMID: 15649862. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 15649862]
  60. Beck J, Griese M, Latzin P, et al. Characteristics of flow dependency of nitric oxide in exhaled air in children with cystic fibrosis and asthma. Eur J Med Res. 1999 Aug 25;4(8):335–40. PMID: 10471545. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 10471545]
  61. Beg MF, Alzoghaibi MA, Abba AA, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Thorac Med. 2009 Apr;4(2):65–70. doi: 10.4103/1817-1737.44649. PMID: 19561927. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PMC free article: PMC2700486] [PubMed: 19561927] [CrossRef]
  62. Behndig AF, Larsson N, Brown JL, et al. Proinflammatory doses of diesel exhaust in healthy subjects fail to elicit equivalent or augmented airway inflammation in subjects with asthma. Thorax. 2011 Jan;66(1):12–9. doi: 10.1136/thx.2010.140053. PMID: 20837873. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 20837873] [CrossRef]
  63. Beier J, Beeh KM, Kornmann O, et al. Sputum induction leads to a decrease of exhaled nitric oxide unrelated to airflow. Eur Respir J. 2003 Aug;22(2):354–7. doi: 10.1183/09031936.03.00118602. PMID: 12952273. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PubMed: 12952273] [CrossRef]
  64. Benor S, Alcalay Y, Domany KA, et al. Ultrafine particle content in exhaled breath condensate in airways of asthmatic children. J Breath Res. 2015 Apr 01;9(2):026001. doi: 10.1088/1752-7155/9/2/026001. PMID: 25830607. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 25830607] [CrossRef]
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  443. Miric M, Turkalj M, Nogalo B, et al. Lung diffusion capacity in children with respiratory symptoms and untreated GERD. Med Sci Monit. 2014 May 12;20:774–81. doi: 10.12659/MSM.890336. PMID: 24816214. The study does not have patients of interest (suspected to have asthma, have wheezing, 0–4 years old who may develop asthma in the future) [PMC free article: PMC4026150] [PubMed: 24816214] [CrossRef]
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  466. Nordlund B, Konradsen JR, Pedroletti C, et al. The clinical benefit of evaluating health-related quality-of-life in children with problematic severe asthma. Acta Paediatr. 2011 Nov;100(11):1454–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2011.02359.x. PMID: 21595747. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PubMed: 21595747] [CrossRef]
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  484. Paredi P, Loukides S, Ward S, et al. Exhalation flow and pressure-controlled reservoir collection of exhaled nitric oxide for remote and delayed analysis. Thorax. 1998 Sep;53(9):775–9. doi: 10.1136/thx.53.9.775. PMID: 10319060. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [PMC free article: PMC1745326] [PubMed: 10319060] [CrossRef]
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  496. Pelicaric, D, Petanjek, et al. Relationship between the exhaled nitric oxide and airway hyperresponsiveness in patients with asthma. [German]. Atemwegs- und Lungenkrankheiten. 2008 July;34(7):261–5. PMID: 2008387307. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects)
  497. Perez De L, L A, Carballada G, et al. Relationship between comorbidity and asthma control. [Spanish]. Archivos de Bronconeumologia. 2010 October;46(10):508–13. doi: 10.1016/S1579-2129(11)60003–7. PMID: 2010562365. The study does not report any outcomes of interest (diagnosis of asthma, clinical asthma outcomes, healthcare utilization, harms due to over-/under-diagnosis or other side effects) [CrossRef]
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