Abbreviations and Acronyms

Publication Details

AFR

African Region

AMR

Region of the Americas

BPI

Brief Pain Inventory

CND

Commission on Narcotic Drugs

CPOT

Critical Pain Observation Tool

CR

controlled release

DOI

Declaration of Interests

ECG

electrocardiograph

EMR

Eastern Mediterranean Region

ER

extended-release

ERG

External Review Group

g

gram

GDG

Guideline Development Group

GFR

glomerular filtration rate

GRADE

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation

h/hr

hour(s)

HR

hazard ratio

INCB

International Narcotics Control Board

INN

Iinternational Nonproprietary Name

IPOS

Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale

kg

kilogram

L

litre

mcg

microgram

mg

milligram

min

minute(s)

mL

millilitre

NCD

noncommunicable disease

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NMA

network meta-analysis

NSAID

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

NSAIM

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine

PACSLAC

Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate

PAINAID

Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia

PICO

population, intervention, comparator and outcome

PO

by mouth

PR

per rectum

p.r.n.

as needed

q1h

every hour

q4h

every 4 hours

q6h

every 6 hours

q8h

every 8 hours

q12h

every 12 hours

RCT

randomized controlled trial

RR

relative risk

SC

subcutaneous

SEAR

South-East Asia Region

SRE

skeletal-related event

TD

transdermal

WHO

World Health Organization

WPR

Western Pacific Region