Contents

• 1. Exceptional review of fetal monitoring recommendations in CG190
• 2. Summary section
  • 2.1. Recommendations
  • 2.2. Research recommendations
  • 2.3. Methods
• 3. Monitoring on admission in labour
  • 3.1. Cardiotocography compared with auscultation on admission in labour
• 4. Monitoring during labour
  • 4.1. Cardiotocography compared with intermittent auscultation during established labour
  • 4.2. Fetal heart rate monitoring for meconium-stained liquor
  • 4.3. Interpretation of an electronic fetal heart rate trace
  • 4.4. Management of labour based on cardiotocograph findings
  • 4.5. Predictive value of fetal stimulation
  • 4.6. Fetal blood sampling
  • 4.7. Women’s views and experiences of fetal monitoring
  • 4.8. Cardiotocography with fetal electrocardiogram analysis compared with cardiotocography alone
  • 4.9. Computerised systems versus human interpretation
• References
• Appendices
  • Appendix A. Committee members and NGA team
  • Appendix B. Declarations of interest
  • Appendix C. Review protocols
  • Appendix D. Search strategies
  • Appendix E. Summary of identified studies
  • Appendix F. Excluded studies
  • Appendix G. Evidence tables
  • Appendix H. Forest plots
  • Appendix I. GRADE tables
  • Appendix J. Fetal heart rate classifications
  • Appendix K. Health economics

Final version

Developed by the National Guideline Alliance, hosted by the Royal College of Obstericians and Gynaecologists

Disclaimer: Healthcare professionals are expected to take NICE clinical guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgement. However, the guidance does not override the responsibility of healthcare professionals to make decisions appropriate to the circumstances of each patient, in consultation with the patient and/or their guardian or carer.