| Outcomes |
№ of participants (studies) Follow up | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Anticipated absolute effects | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk with usual care | Risk difference with oral hygiene intervention (twice a day and additional treatment twice a week) | |||||
| Occurrence of pneumonia at ≤3 months |
68 (1 RCT) follow up: 3 weeks |
⨁◯◯◯ | RD 0.0 (−0.6 to 0.6) | 0 per 1,000 |
0 fewer per 1,000 (60 fewer to 60 more) d | MID (precision) = RR 0.80 – 1.25. |
| Presence of oral disease (gingivitis - gingival bleeding index, scale range unclear, lower values are better, final value) at ≤3 months |
68 (1 RCT) follow up: 3 weeks |
⨁◯◯◯ | - | The mean presence of oral disease was 17.7 |
MD 10.1 lower (26.98 lower to 6.78 higher) | MID = 23.2 (0.5 × median control group SD) |
Downgraded by 2 increments as the majority of the evidence was at very high risk of bias (due to bias arising from the randomisation process and bias due to missing outcome data)
Downgraded by 1 increment because of intervention indirectness (due to the intervention being one that is not stated in the protocol but does indicate an increased intensity of oral hygiene intervention)
Downgraded by 1 to 2 increments for imprecision due to zero events and small sample size
Absolute effect calculated by risk difference due to zero events in at least one arm of one study
Downgraded by 2 increments because of intervention and outcome indirectness (due to the intervention being one that is not stated in the protocol but does indicate an increased intensity of oral hygiene intervention and using a continuous outcome for one specified to be dichotomous in the protocol)
Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed one MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs
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