References Cited in Appendix D

1.

Alvarez-Jimenez M, Gonzalez-Blanch C, Vazquez-Barquero JL, et al. Attenuation of antipsychotic-induced weight gain with early behavioral intervention in drug-naive first-episode psychosis patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(8):1253–60. [PubMed: 16965204]

2.

Alvarez-Jimenez M, Martinez-Garcia O, Perez-Iglesias R, et al. Prevention of antipsychotic-induced weight gain with early behavioural intervention in first-episode psychosis: 2-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res. 2010;116(1):16–9. [PubMed: 19896336]

3.

Assuncao SS, Ruschel SI, de Rosa LC, et al. Weight gain management in patients with schizophrenia during treatment with olanzapine in association with nizatidine. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2006;28(4):270–6. [PubMed: 17242805]

4.

Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, et al. Nizatidine treatment and its relationship with leptin levels in patients with olanzapine-induced weight gain. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003;18(6):457–61. [PubMed: 12923824]

5.

Atmaca M, Kuloglu M, Tezcan E, et al. Nizatidine for the treatment of patients with quetiapine-induced weight gain. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004;19(1):37–40. [PubMed: 14716710]

6.

Ball MP, Warren KR, Feldman S, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of atomoxetine for weight reduction in people with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or olanzapine. Clin Schizophr Relat Psychoses. 2011;5(1):17–25. [PubMed: 21459735]

7.

Borba CP, Fan X, Copeland PM, et al. Placebo-controlled pilot study of ramelteon for adiposity and lipids in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2011;31(5):653–8. [PMC free article: PMC3725551] [PubMed: 21869685]

8.

Brar JS, Ganguli R, Pandina G, et al. Effects of behavioral therapy on weight loss in overweight and obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(2):205–12. [PubMed: 15705006]

9.

Brown C, Goetz J, Hamera E. Weight loss intervention for people with serious mental illness: a randomized controlled trial of the RENEW program. Psychiatr Serv. 2011;62(7):800–2. [PMC free article: PMC3666573] [PubMed: 21724796]

10.

Bustillo JR, Lauriello J, Parker K, et al. Treatment of weight gain with fluoxetine in olanzapine-treated schizophrenic outpatients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003;28(3):527–9. [PubMed: 12629532]

11.

Carrizo E, Fernandez V, Connell L, et al. Extended release metformin for metabolic control assistance during prolonged clozapine administration: a 14 week, double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study. Schizophr Res. 2009;113(1):19–26. [PubMed: 19515536]

12.

Fernandez E, Carrizo E, Fernandez V, et al. Polymorphisms of the LEP- and LEPR genes, metabolic profile after prolonged clozapine administration and response to the antidiabetic metformin. Schizophr Res. 2010;121(1–3):213–7. [PubMed: 20591628]

13.

Cavazzoni P, Tanaka Y, Roychowdhury SM, et al. Nizatidine for prevention of weight gain with olanzapine: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003;13(2):81–5. [PubMed: 12650950]

14.

Deberdt W, Lipkovich I, Heinloth AN, et al. Double-blind, randomized trial comparing efficacy and safety of continuing olanzapine versus switching to quetiapine in overweight or obese patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2008;4(4):713–20. [PMC free article: PMC2621385] [PubMed: 19209252]

15.

Elmslie JL, Porter RJ, Joyce PR, et al. Carnitine does not improve weight loss outcomes in valproate-treated bipolar patients consuming an energy-restricted, low-fat diet. Bipolar Disord. 2006;8(5 Pt 1):503–7. [PubMed: 17042889]

16.

Evans S, Newton R, Higgins S. Nutritional intervention to prevent weight gain in patients commenced on olanzapine: a randomized controlled trial. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2005;39(6):479–86. [PubMed: 15943650]

17.

Fleischhacker WW, Heikkinen ME, Olie JP, et al. Effects of adjunctive treatment with aripiprazole on body weight and clinical efficacy in schizophrenia patients treated with clozapine: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;13(8):1115–25. [PubMed: 20459883]

18.

Forsberg KA, Bjorkman T, Sandman PO, et al. Physical health--a cluster randomized controlled lifestyle intervention among persons with a psychiatric disability and their staff. Nord J Psychiatry. 2008;62(6):486–95. [PubMed: 18843564]

19.

Gillhoff K, Gaab J, Emini L, et al. Effects of a multimodal lifestyle intervention on body mass index in patients with bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2010;12(5) [PMC free article: PMC3025996] [PubMed: 21274359]

20.

Graham KA, Gu H, Lieberman JA, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation of amantadine for weight loss in subjects who gained weight with olanzapine. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162(9):1744–6. [PubMed: 16135638]

21.

Hoffmann VP, Case M, Jacobson JG. Assessment of treatment algorithms including amantadine, metformin, and zonisamide for the prevention of weight gain with olanzapine: a randomized controlled open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012;73(2):216–23. [PubMed: 21672497]

22.

Kwon JS, Choi JS, Bahk WM, et al. Weight management program for treatment-emergent weight gain in olanzapine-treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder: A 12-week randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(4):547–53. [PubMed: 16669719]

23.

Karagianis J, Grossman L, Landry J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of sublingual orally disintegrating olanzapine versus oral olanzapine on body mass index: the PLATYPUS Study. Schizophr Res. 2009;113(1):41–8. [PubMed: 19535229]

24.

Karagianis J, Landry J, Hoffmann VP, et al. An exploratory analysis of factors associated with weight change in a 16-week trial of oral vs. orally disintegrating olanzapine: the PLATYPUS study. Int J Clin Pract. 2010;64(11):1520–9. [PubMed: 20846199]

25.

Khazaal Y, Fresard E, Rabia S, et al. Cognitive behavioural therapy for weight gain associated with antipsychotic drugs. Schizophr Res. 2007;91(1–3):169–77. [PubMed: 17306507]

26.

Littrell KH, Hilligoss NM, Kirshner CD, et al. The effects of an educational intervention on antipsychotic-induced weight gain. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2003;35(3):237–41. [PubMed: 14562491]

27.

Mauri M, Simoncini M, Castrogiovanni S, et al. A psychoeducational program for weight loss in patients who have experienced weight gain during antipsychotic treatment with olanzapine. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2008;41(1):17–23. [PubMed: 18203047]

28.

McDonnell DP, Kryzhanovskaya LA, Zhao F, et al. Comparison of metabolic changes in patients with schizophrenia during randomized treatment with intramuscular olanzapine long-acting injection versus oral olanzapine. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011;26(6):422–433. [PubMed: 21823172]

29.

McElroy SL, Winstanley E, Mori N, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled study of zonisamide to prevent olanzapine-associated weight gain. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2012;32(2):165–72. [PubMed: 22367654]

30.

McKibbin CL, Patterson TL, Norman G, et al. A lifestyle intervention for older schizophrenia patients with diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res. 2006;86(1–3):36–44. [PubMed: 16842977]

31.

Leutwyler HC, Wallhagen M, McKibbin C. The impact of symptomatology on response to a health promoting intervention among older adults with schizophrenia. Diabetes Educ. 2010;36(6):945–55. [PubMed: 21119068]

32.

McKibbin CL, Golshan S, Griver K, et al. A healthy lifestyle intervention for middle-aged and older schizophrenia patients with diabetes mellitus: a 6-month follow-up analysis. Schizophr Res. 2010;121(1–3):203–6. [PMC free article: PMC3881287] [PubMed: 20434886]

33.

Narula PK, Rehan HS, Unni KE, et al. Topiramate for prevention of olanzapine associated weight gain and metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Res. 2010;118(1–3):218–23. [PubMed: 20207521]

34.

Newcomer JW, Campos JA, Marcus RN, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study of the effects of aripiprazole in overweight subjects with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder switched from olanzapine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008;69(7):1046–56. [PubMed: 18605811]

35.

Nickel MK, Nickel C, Muehlbacher M, et al. Influence of topiramate on olanzapine-related adiposity in women: a random, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005;25(3):211–7. [PubMed: 15876898]

36.

Skrinar GS, Huxley NA, Hutchinson DS, et al. The role of a fitness intervention on people with serious psychiatric disabilities. Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2005;29(2):122–7. [PubMed: 16268007]

37.

Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Ring KD, et al. A randomized trial examining the effectiveness of switching from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone to aripiprazole to reduce metabolic risk: comparison of antipsychotics for metabolic problems (CAMP). Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168(9):947–56. [PMC free article: PMC3773729] [PubMed: 21768610]

38.

Wang M, Tong JH, Zhu G, et al. Metformin for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Schizophr Res. 2012;138(1):54–7. [PubMed: 22398127]

39.

Wu RR, Zhao JP, Jin H, et al. Lifestyle intervention and metformin for treatment of antipsychotic-induced weight gain: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2008;299(2):185–93. [PubMed: 18182600]

40.

Wu RR, Jin H, Gao K, et al. Metformin for Treatment of Antipsychotic-Induced Amenorrhea and Weight Gain in Women With First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study. Am J Psychiatry. 2012;169(8):813–21. [PubMed: 22711171]