U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Thieda P, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2007 Jan. (Comparative Effectiveness Reviews, No. 7.)

  • This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Cover of Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression

Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression [Internet].

Show details

References

1.
Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, Nelson CB, Hughes M, Eshleman S. et al. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51(1):8–19. [PubMed: 8279933]
2.
Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Koretz D, Merikangas KR. et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA. 2003;289(23):3095–105. [PubMed: 12813115]
3.
Greenberg PE, Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, Leong SA, Lowe SW, Berglund PA. et al. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(12):1465–75. [PubMed: 14728109]
4.
US Food and Drug Administration. Electronic Orange Book. 2004 [cited; Available from: http://www​.fda.gov/cder/ob/default.htm.
5.
Maj J, Palider W, Rawlow Trazodone, a central serotonin antagonist and agonist. J Neural Transm. 1979;44(3):237–48. [PubMed: 438809]
6.
Stefanini E, Fadda F, Medda L, Gessa GL. Selective inhibition of serotonin uptake by trazodone, a new antidepressant agent. Life Sci. 1976 Jun 15;18(12):1459–65. [PubMed: 940426]
7.
IMS Health. Press Release: Growth is sustained by new products despite a difficult year http://www​.imshealth​.com/ims/portal/front​/articleC/0,2777,6599_3665_44771558,00​.html. IMS Reports; 2004.
8.
Williams JW, Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, Noel PH, Augilar C, Cornell J. A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(9):743–56. [PubMed: 10787370]
9.
Geddes JR, Freemantle N, Mason J, Eccles MP, Boynton J. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) versus other antidepressants for depression. The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Review). 2006(1). [PubMed: 17636689]
10.
Geddes JR, Carney SM, Davies C, Furukawa TA, Kupfer DJ, Frank E. et al. Relapse prevention with antidepressant drug treatment in depressive disorders: a systematic review. Lancet. 2003 Feb 22;361(9358):653–61. [PubMed: 12606176]
11.
Kupfer DJ, Perel JM, Pollock BG, Nathan RS, Grochocinski VJ, Wilson MJ. et al. Fluvoxamine versus desipramine: comparative polysomnographic effects. Biol Psychiatry. 1991 Jan 1;29(1):23–40. [PubMed: 1900443]
12.
American Psychiatric Association. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;157(4 Suppl):1–45. [PubMed: 10767867]
13.
Depression Guideline Panel. Depression in primary care: Volume 2, Treatment of major depression.. Rockville, MD: Vol AHCPR publication No. 93-0550: US DHHS, Public Health Service, Agency for Health Care Policy and Research; 1993.
14.
Hoagwood K, Hibbs E, Brent D, Jensen P. Introduction to the special section: efficacy and effectiveness in studies of child and adolescent psychotherapy. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1995;63(5):683–7. [PubMed: 7593860]
15.
Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D, Stroup DF. Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUOROM statement. Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses. Lancet. 1999;354(9193):1896–900. [PubMed: 10584742]
16.
Harris RP, Helfand M, Woolf SH, Lohr KN, Mulrow CD, Teutsch SM. et al. Current methods of the US Preventive Services Task Force: a review of the process. Am J Prev Med. 2001;20(3 Suppl):21–35. [PubMed: 11306229]
17.
Anonymous. Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness: CRD's guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. CRD Report Number 4 (2nd edition). 2001.
18.
Deeks JJ, Dinnes J, D'Amico R, Sowden AJ, Sakarovitch C, Song F, et al. Evaluating non-randomised intervention studies. Health Technol Assess. 2003;7(27):iii–x, 1–173. [PubMed: 14499048]
19.
Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Nissman D, Lohr KN, Carey TS. A simple and valid tool distinguished efficacy from effectiveness studies. J of Clinical Epidemiology. 2006;59(10):1040–8. [PubMed: 16980143]
20.
Atkins D, Eccles M, Flottorp S, Guyatt GH, Henry D, Hill S. et al. Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations I: critical appraisal of existing approaches The GRADE Working Group. BMC Health Serv Res. 2004 Dec 22;4(1):38. [PMC free article: PMC545647] [PubMed: 15615589]
21.
Guyatt G, Gutterman D, Baumann MH, Addrizzo-Harris D, Hylek EM, Phillips B. et al. Grading strength of recommendations and quality of evidence in clinical guidelines: report from an American College of Chest Physicians task force. Chest. 2006 Jan;129(1):174–81. [PubMed: 16424429]
22.
Glenny AM, Altman DG, Song F, Sakarovitch C, Deeks JJ, D'Amico R, et al. Indirect comparisons of competing interventions. Health Technol Assess. 2005 Jul;9(26):1–134, iii–iv. [PubMed: 16014203]
23.
Lumley T. Network meta-analysis for indirect treatment comparisons. Stat Med. 2002 Aug 30;21(16):2313–24. [PubMed: 12210616]
24.
Burke WJ, Gergel I, Bose A. Fixed-dose trial of the single isomer SSRI escitalopram in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;63(4):331–6. [PubMed: 12000207]
25.
Colonna L, Andersen HF, Reines EH. A randomized, double-blind, 24-week study of escitalopram (10 mg/day) versus citalopram (20 mg/day) in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005 Oct;21(10):1659–68. [PubMed: 16238906]
26.
Lepola UM, Loft H, Reines EH. Escitalopram (10–20 mg/day) is effective and well tolerated in a placebo-controlled study in depression in primary care. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Jul;18(4):211–7. [PubMed: 12817155]
27.
Moore N, Verdoux H, Fantino B. Prospective, multicentre, randomized, double-blind study of the efficacy of escitalopram versus citalopram in outpatient treatment of major depressive disorder. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 May;20(3):131–7. [PubMed: 15812262]
28.
Patris M, Bouchard JM, Bougerol T, Charbonnier JF, Chevalier JF, Clerc G. et al. Citalopram versus fluoxetine: a double-blind, controlled, multicentre, phase III trial in patients with unipolar major depression treated in general practice. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Jun;11(2):129–36. [PubMed: 8803650]
29.
Haffmans PM, Timmerman L, Hoogduin CA. Efficacy and tolerability of citalopram in comparison with fluvoxamine in depressed outpatients: a double-blind, multicentre study. The LUCIFER Group. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Sep;11(3):157–64. [PubMed: 8923094]
30.
Ekselius L, von Knorring L, Eberhard G. A double-blind multicenter trial comparing sertraline and citalopram in patients with major depression treated in general practice. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Nov;12(6):323–31. [PubMed: 9547134]
31.
Kasper S, de Swart H, Friis Andersen H. Escitalopram in the treatment of depressed elderly patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;13(10):884–91. [PubMed: 16223967]
32.
Dalery J, Honig A. Fluvoxamine versus fluoxetine in major depressive episode: a double-blind randomised comparison. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2003 Jul;18(5):379–84. [PubMed: 12858325]
33.
Rapaport M, Coccaro E, Sheline Y, Perse T, Holland P, Fabre L. et al. A comparison of fluvoxamine and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1996 Oct;16(5):373–8. [PubMed: 8889909]
34.
Cassano GB, Puca F, Scapicchio PL, Trabucchi M. Paroxetine and fluoxetine effects on mood and cognitive functions in depressed nondemented elderly patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 May;63(5):396–402. [PubMed: 12019663]
35.
Chouinard G, Saxena B, Belanger MC, Ravindran A, Bakish D, Beauclair L. et al. A Canadian multicenter, double-blind study of paroxetine and fluoxetine in major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 1999 Jul;54(12):39–48. [PubMed: 10403145]
36.
De Wilde J, Spiers R, Mertens C, Bartholome F, Schotte G, Leyman S. A double-blind, comparative, multicentre study comparing paroxetine with fluoxetine in depressed patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Feb;87(2):141–5. [PubMed: 8447241]
37.
Fava M, Amsterdam JD, Deltito JA, Salzman C, Schwaller M, Dunner DL. A double-blind study of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and placebo in outpatients with major depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Dec;10(4):145–50. [PubMed: 9988054]
38.
Gagiano CA. A double blind comparison of paroxetine and fluoxetine in patients with major depression. Br J Clin Res. 1993;4:145–52.
39.
Schone W, Ludwig M. A double-blind study of paroxetine compared with fluoxetine in geriatric patients with major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Dec;13(6 Suppl 2):34S–9S. [PubMed: 8106654]
40.
Tignol J. A double-blind, randomized, fluoxetine-controlled, multicenter study of paroxetine in the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Dec;13(6 Suppl 2):18S–22S. [PubMed: 8106650]
41.
Fava M, Hoog SL, Judge RA, Kopp JB, Nilsson ME, Gonzales JS. Acute efficacy of fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depressive disorder including effects of baseline insomnia. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Apr;22(2):137–47. [PubMed: 11910258]
42.
Bennie EH, Mullin JM, Martindale JJ. A double-blind multicenter trial comparing sertraline and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1995 Jun;56(6):229–37. [PubMed: 7775364]
43.
Boyer P, Danion JM, Bisserbe JC, Hotton JM, Troy S. Clinical and economic comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in the treatment of depression. A 6-month double-blind study in a primary-care setting in France. Pharmacoeconomics. 1998 Jan;13(1 Pt 2):157–69. [PubMed: 10184835]
44.
Newhouse PA, Krishnan KR, Doraiswamy PM, Richter EM, Batzar ED, Clary CM. A double-blind comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in depressed elderly outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;61(8):559–68. [PubMed: 10982198]
45.
Finkel SI, Richter EM, Clary CM, Batzar E. Comparative efficacy of sertraline vs. fluoxetine in patients age 70 or over with major depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1999 Summer;7(3):221–7. [PubMed: 10438693]
46.
Sechter D, Troy S, Paternetti S, Boyer P. A double-blind comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in the treatment of major depressive episode in outpatients. Eur Psychiatry. 1999 Mar;14(1):41–8. [PubMed: 10572324]
47.
Van Moffaert M, Bartholome F, Cosyns P, De Nayer AR. A controlled comparison of sertraline and fluoxetine in acute and continuation treatment of major depression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1995;10:393–405.
48.
Fava M, Judge R, Hoog SL, Nilsson ME, Koke SC. Fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depressive disorder: changes in weight with long-term treatment. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;61(11):863–7. [PubMed: 11105740]
49.
Kroenke K, West SL, Swindle R, Gilsenan A, Eckert GJ, Dolor R. et al. Similar effectiveness of paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline in primary care: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2001 Dec 19;286(23):2947–55. [PubMed: 11743835]
50.
Kiev A, Feiger A. A double-blind comparison of fluvoxamine and paroxetine in the treatment of depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;58(4):146–52. [PubMed: 9164424]
51.
Nemeroff CB, Ninan PT, Ballenger J, Lydiard RB, Feighner J, Patterson WM. et al. Double-blind multicenter comparison of fluvoxamine versus sertraline in the treatment of depressed outpatients. Depression. 1995;3(4):163–9.
52.
Rossini D, Serretti A, Franchini L, Mandelli L, Smeraldi E, De Ronchi D. et al. Sertraline versus fluvoxamine in the treatment of elderly patients with major depression: a double-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Oct;25(5):471–5. [PubMed: 16160624]
53.
Aberg-Wistedt A, Agren H, Ekselius L, Bengtsson F, Akerblad AC. Sertraline versus paroxetine in major depression: clinical outcome after six months of continuous therapy. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Dec;20(6):645–52. [PubMed: 11106136]
54.
Leinonen E, Skarstein J, Behnke K, Agren H, Helsdingen JT. Efficacy and tolerability of mirtazapine versus citalopram: a double-blind, randomized study in patients with major depressive disorder. Nordic Antidepressant Study Group. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Nov;14(6):329–37. [PubMed: 10565799]
55.
Allard P, Gram L, Timdahl K, Behnke K, Hanson M, Sogaard J. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine in geriatric outpatients with major depression: a double-blind, randomised 6-month comparative trial with citalopram. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2004 Dec;19(12):1123–30. [PubMed: 15526307]
56.
Bielski RJ, Ventura D, Chang CC. A double-blind comparison of escitalopram and venlafaxine extended release in the treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Sep;65(9):1190–6. [PubMed: 15367045]
57.
Montgomery SA, Huusom AK, Bothmer J. A randomised study comparing escitalopram with venlafaxine XR in primary care patients with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychobiology. 2004;50(1):57–64. [PubMed: 15179022]
58.
Goldstein DJ, Mallinckrodt C, Lu Y, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: a double-blind clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;63(3):225–31. [PubMed: 11926722]
59.
Hong CJ, Hu WH, Chen CC, Hsiao CC, Tsai SJ, Ruwe FJ. A double-blind, randomized, group-comparative study of the tolerability and efficacy of 6 weeks' treatment with mirtazapine or fluoxetine in depressed Chinese patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;64(8):921–6. [PubMed: 12927007]
60.
Versiani M, Moreno R, Ramakers-van Moorsel CJ, Schutte AJ. Comparison of the effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine in severely depressed patients. CNS Drugs. 2005;19(2):137–46. [PubMed: 15697327]
61.
Wheatley DP, van Moffaert M, Timmerman L, Kremer CM. Mirtazapine: efficacy and tolerability in comparison with fluoxetine in patients with moderate to severe major depressive disorder. Mirtazapine-Fluoxetine Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Jun;59(6):306–12. [PubMed: 9671343]
62.
Alves C, Cachola I, Brandao J. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. Primary Care Psychiatry. 1999;5(2):57–63.
63.
Costa e Silva J. Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;59(7):352–7. [PubMed: 9714263]
64.
De Nayer A, Geerts S, Ruelens L, Schittecatte M, De Bleeker E, Van Eeckhoutte I. et al. Venlafaxine compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and concomitant anxiety. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2002 Jun;5(2):115–20. [PubMed: 12135535]
65.
Dierick M, Ravizza L, Realini R, Martin A. A double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine for treatment of major depression in outpatients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Jan;20(1):57–71. [PubMed: 8861177]
66.
Nemeroff CB, Thase ME. A double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine treatment in depressed outpatients. J Psychiatr Res. 2005 Sep 12. [PubMed: 16165158]
67.
Rudolph RL, Feiger AD. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression. J Affect Disord. 1999 Dec;56(23):171–81. [PubMed: 10701474]
68.
Silverstone PH, Ravindran A. Once-daily venlafaxine extended release (XR) compared with fluoxetine in outpatients with depression and anxiety. Venlafaxine XR 360 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;60(1):22–8. [PubMed: 10074873]
69.
Tzanakaki M, Guazzelli M, Nimatoudis I, Zissis NP, Smeraldi E, Rizzo F. Increased remission rates with venlafaxine compared with fluoxetine in hospitalized patients with major depression and melancholia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Jan;15(1):29–34. [PubMed: 10836283]
70.
Tylee A, Beaumont G, Bowden MW, Reynolds A. A double-blind, randomized, 12-week comparison study of the safety and efficacy of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in moderate to severe major depression in general practice. Primary Care Psychiatry. 1997;3(1):51–8.
71.
Detke MJ, Wiltse CG, Mallinckrodt CH, McNamara RK, Demitrack MA, Bitter I. Duloxetine in the acute and long-term treatment of major depressive disorder: a placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trial. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 Dec;14(6):457–70. [PubMed: 15589385]
72.
Benkert O, Szegedi A, Kohnen R. Mirtazapine compared with paroxetine in major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Sep;61(9):656–63. [PubMed: 11030486]
73.
Schatzberg AF, Kremer C, Rodrigues HE, Murphy GM Jr. Double-blind, randomized comparison of mirtazapine and paroxetine in elderly depressed patients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Sep–Oct;10(5):541–50. [PubMed: 12213688]
74.
Ballus C, Quiros G, De Flores T, de la Torre J, Palao D, Rojo L. et al. The efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine and paroxetine in outpatients with depressive disorder or dysthymia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Jan;15(1):43–8. [PubMed: 10836286]
75.
McPartlin GM, Reynolds A, Anderson C, Casoy J. A comparison of once-daily venlafaxine XR and paroxetine in depressed outpatients treated in general practice. Primary Care Psychiatry. 1998 1998;4(3):127–32.
76.
Behnke K, Sogaard J, Martin S, Bauml J, Ravindran AV, Agren H. et al. Mirtazapine orally disintegrating tablet versus sertraline: a prospective onset of action study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;23(4):358–64. [PubMed: 12920411]
77.
Mehtonen OP, Sogaard J, Roponen P, Behnke K. Randomized, double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and sertraline in outpatients with major depressive disorder. Venlafaxine 631 Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;61(2):95–100. [PubMed: 10732656]
78.
Sir A, D'Souza RF, Uguz S, George T, Vahip S, Hopwood M. et al. Randomized trial of sertraline versus venlafaxine XR in major depression: efficacy and discontinuation symptoms. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Oct;66(10):1312–20. [PubMed: 16259546]
79.
Coleman CC, King BR, Bolden-Watson C, Book MJ, Segraves RT, Richard N. et al. A placebo-controlled comparison of the effects on sexual functioning of bupropion sustained release and fluoxetine. Clin Ther. 2001 Jul;23(7):1040–58. [PubMed: 11519769]
80.
Feighner JP, Gardner EA, Johnston JA, Batey SR, Khayrallah MA, Ascher JA. et al. Double-blind comparison of bupropion and fluoxetine in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991 Aug;52(8):329–35. [PubMed: 1907963]
81.
Rush AJ, Armitage R, Gillin JC, Yonkers KA, Winokur A, Moldofsky H. et al. Comparative effects of nefazodone and fluoxetine on sleep in outpatients with major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1998 Jul 1;44(1):3–14. [PubMed: 9646878]
82.
Beasley CM Jr, Dornseif BE, Pultz JA, Bosomworth JC, Sayler ME. Fluoxetine versus trazodone: efficacy and activating-sedating effects. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991 Jul;52(7):294–9. [PubMed: 2071559]
83.
Perry PJ, Garvey MJ, Kelly MW, Cook BL, Dunner FJ, Winokur G. A comparative trial of fluoxetine versus trazodone in outpatients with major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1989 Aug;50(8):290–4. [PubMed: 2668259]
84.
Weihs KL, Settle EC Jr, Batey SR, Houser TL, Donahue RM, Ascher JA. Bupropion sustained release versus paroxetine for the treatment of depression in the elderly. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Mar;61(3):196–202. [PubMed: 10817105]
85.
Baldwin DS, Hawley CJ, Abed RT, Maragakis BP, Cox J, Buckingham SA. et al. A multicenter double-blind comparison of nefazodone and paroxetine in the treatment of outpatients with moderate-to-severe depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57(Suppl 2):46–52. [PubMed: 8626363]
86.
Hicks JA, Argyropoulos SV, Rich AS, Nash JR, Bell CJ, Edwards C. et al. Randomised controlled study of sleep after nefazodone or paroxetine treatment in out-patients with depression. Br J Psychiatry. 2002 Jun;180:528–35. [PubMed: 12042232]
87.
Kasper S, Olivieri L, Di Loreto G, Dionisio P. A comparative, randomised, double-blind study of trazodone prolonged-release and paroxetine in the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder. Curr Med Res Opin. 2005 Aug;21(8):1139–46. [PubMed: 16083521]
88.
Coleman CC, Cunningham LA, Foster VJ, Batey SR, Donahue RM, Houser TL. et al. Sexual dysfunction associated with the treatment of depression: a placebo-controlled comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline treatment. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1999 Dec;11(4):205–15. [PubMed: 10596735]
89.
Croft H, Settle E Jr, Houser T, Batey SR, Donahue RM, Ascher JA. A placebo-controlled comparison of the antidepressant efficacy and effects on sexual functioning of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline. Clin Ther. 1999 Apr;21(4):643–58. [PubMed: 10363731]
90.
Kavoussi RJ, Segraves RT, Hughes AR, Ascher JA, Johnston JA. Double-blind comparison of bupropion sustained release and sertraline in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Dec;58(12):532–7. [PubMed: 9448656]
91.
Rush AJ, Batey SR, Donahue RM, Ascher JA, Carmody TJ, Metz A. Does pretreatment anxiety predict response to either bupropion SR or sertraline? J Affect Disord. 2001 Apr;64(1):81–7. [PubMed: 11292522]
92.
Feiger A, Kiev A, Shrivastava RK, Wisselink PG, Wilcox CS. Nefazodone versus sertraline in outpatients with major depression: focus on efficacy, tolerability, and effects on sexual function and satisfaction. J Clin Psychiatry. 1996;57(Suppl 2):53–62. [PubMed: 8626364]
93.
Guelfi JD, Ansseau M, Timmerman L, Korsgaard S. Mirtazapine versus venlafaxine in hospitalized severely depressed patients with melancholic features. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Aug;21(4):425–31. [PubMed: 11476127]
94.
Halikas JA. Org 3770 (mirtazapine) versus trazodone: A placebo controlled trial in depressed elderly patients. Hum Psychopharmacol. 1995;10(Suppl 2):S125–S33.
95.
van Moffaert M, de Wilde J, Vereecken A, Dierick M, Evrard JL, Wilmotte J. et al. Mirtazapine is more effective than trazodone: a double-blind controlled study in hospitalized patients with major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Mar;10(1):3–9. [PubMed: 7622801]
96.
Cunningham LA, Borison RL, Carman JS, Chouinard G, Crowder JE, Diamond BI. et al. A comparison of venlafaxine, trazodone, and placebo in major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994 Apr;14(2):99–106. [PubMed: 8195464]
97.
Weisler RH, Johnston JA, Lineberry CG, Samara B, Branconnier RJ, Billow AA. Comparison of bupropion and trazodone for the treatment of major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994 Jun;14(3):170–9. [PubMed: 8027413]
98.
FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Statistical review of NDA 21–323 (Escitalopram Oxalate). 2001 [cited; Available from: http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2002/21-323.pdf_Lexapro_Statr.pdf.
99.
Ravindran AV, Guelfi JD, Lane RM, Cassano GB. Treatment of dysthymia with sertraline: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in dysthymic patients without major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;61(11):821–7. [PubMed: 11105734]
100.
Devanand DP, Nobler MS, Cheng J, Turret N, Pelton GH, Roose SP. et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine treatment for elderly patients with dysthymic disorder. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005 Jan;13(1):59–68. [PubMed: 15653941]
101.
Vanelle JM, Attar-Levy D, Poirier MF, Bouhassira M, Blin P, Olie JP. Controlled efficacy study of fluoxetine in dysthymia. Br J Psychiatry. 1997 Apr;170:345–50. [PubMed: 9246253]
102.
Segraves RT, Kavoussi R, Hughes AR, Batey SR, Johnston JA, Donahue R. et al. Evaluation of sexual functioning in depressed outpatients: a double-blind comparison of sustained-release bupropion and sertraline treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2000 Apr;20(2):122–8. [PubMed: 10770448]
103.
Norman GR, Sloan JA, Wyrwich KW. Interpretation of changes in health-related quality of life: the remarkable universality of half a standard deviation. Med Care. 2003 May;41(5):582–92. [PubMed: 12719681]
104.
Smith D, Dempster C, Glanville J, Freemantle N, Anderson I. Efficacy and tolerability of venlafaxine compared with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants: a meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 2002 May;180:396–404. [PubMed: 11983635]
105.
Gillin JC, Rapaport M, Erman MK, Winokur A, Albala BJ. A comparison of nefazodone and fluoxetine on mood and on objective, subjective, and clinician-rated measures of sleep in depressed patients: a double-blind, 8-week clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 May;58(5):185–92. [PubMed: 9184611]
106.
Armitage R, Yonkers K, Cole D, Rush AJ. A multicenter, double-blind comparison of the effects of nefazodone and fluoxetine on sleep architecture and quality of sleep in depressed outpatients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Jun;17(3):161–8. [PubMed: 9169959]
107.
Doraiswamy PM, Khan ZM, Donahue RM, Richard NE. Quality of life in geriatric depression: a comparison of remitters, partial responders, and nonresponders. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2001 Fall;9(4):423–8. [PubMed: 11739069]
108.
Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Carmody TJ, Donahue RM, Houser TL, Bolden-Watson C. et al. Response in relation to baseline anxiety levels in major depressive disorder treated with bupropion sustained release or sertraline. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2001 Jul;25(1):131–8. [PubMed: 11377926]
109.
Piaggio G, Elbourne DR, Altman DG, Pocock SJ, Evans SJ. Reporting of noninferiority and equivalence randomized trials: an extension of the CONSORT statement. JAMA. 2006 Mar 8;295(10):1152–60. [PubMed: 16522836]
110.
Kocsis JH, Zisook S, Davidson J, Shelton R, Yonkers K, Hellerstein DJ. et al. Double-blind comparison of sertraline, imipramine, and placebo in the treatment of dysthymia: psychosocial outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;154(3):390–5. [PubMed: 9054788]
111.
Thase ME, Fava M, Halbreich U, Kocsis JH, Koran L, Davidson J. et al. A placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial comparing sertraline and imipramine for the treatment of dysthymia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996 Sep;53(9):777–84. [PubMed: 8792754]
112.
Williams JW Jr, Barrett J, Oxman T, Frank E, Katon W, Sullivan M. et al. Treatment of dysthymia and minor depression in primary care: A randomized controlled trial in older adults. JAMA. 2000 Sep 27;284(12):1519–26. [PubMed: 11000645]
113.
Barrett JE, Williams JW Jr, Oxman TE, Frank E, Katon W, Sullivan M. et al. Treatment of dysthymia and minor depression in primary care: a randomized trial in patients aged 18 to 59 years. J Fam Pract. 2001 May;50(5):405–12. [PubMed: 11350703]
114.
Rocca P, Calvarese P, Faggiano F, Marchiaro L, Mathis F, Rivoira E. et al. Citalopram versus sertraline in late-life nonmajor clinically significant depression: a 1-year follow-up clinical trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Mar;66(3):360–9. [PubMed: 15766303]
115.
Judd LL, Rapaport MH, Yonkers KA, Rush AJ, Frank E, Thase ME. et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine for acute treatment of minor depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Oct;161(10):1864–71. [PubMed: 15465984]
116.
Franchini L, Gasperini M, Perez J, Smeraldi E, Zanardi R. A double-blind study of long-term treatment with sertraline or fluvoxamine for prevention of highly recurrent unipolar depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;58(3):104–7. [PubMed: 9108811]
117.
Franchini L, Gasperini M, Zanardi R, Smeraldi E. Four-year follow-up study of sertraline and fluvoxamine in long-term treatment of unipolar subjects with high recurrence rate. J Affect Disord. 2000 Jun;58(3):233–6. [PubMed: 10802132]
118.
Weihs KL, Houser TL, Batey SR, Ascher JA, Bolden-Watson C, Donahue RM. et al. Continuation phase treatment with bupropion SR effectively decreases the risk for relapse of depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2002 May 1;51(9):753–61. [PubMed: 11983189]
119.
Montgomery SA, Dunbar G. Paroxetine is better than placebo in relapse prevention and the prophylaxis of recurrent depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Fall;8(3):189–95. [PubMed: 8263317]
120.
Robert P, Montgomery SA. Citalopram in doses of 20–60 mg is effective in depression relapse prevention: a placebo-controlled 6 month study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1995 Mar;10(Suppl 1):29–35. [PubMed: 7622809]
121.
Rapaport MH, Bose A, Zheng H. Escitalopram continuation treatment prevents relapse of depressive episodes. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Jan;65(1):44–9. [PubMed: 14744167]
122.
Reimherr FW, Amsterdam JD, Quitkin FM, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Zajecka J. et al. Optimal length of continuation therapy in depression: a prospective assessment during long-term fluoxetine treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 Sep;155(9):1247–53. [PubMed: 9734550]
123.
Schmidt ME, Fava M, Robinson JM, Judge R. The efficacy and safety of a new enteric-coated formulation of fluoxetine given once weekly during the continuation treatment of major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Nov;61(11):851–7. [PubMed: 11105738]
124.
Thase ME, Nierenberg AA, Keller MB, Panagides J. Efficacy of mirtazapine for prevention of depressive relapse: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial of recently remitted high-risk patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;62(10):782–8. [PubMed: 11816867]
125.
Feiger AD, Bielski RJ, Bremner J, Heiser JF, Trivedi M, Wilcox CS. et al. Double-blind, placebo-substitution study of nefazodone in the prevention of relapse during continuation treatment of outpatients with major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Jan;14(1):19–28. [PubMed: 10221638]
126.
Doogan DP, Caillard V. Sertraline in the prevention of depression. Br J Psychiatry. 1992 Feb;160:217–22. [PubMed: 1540762]
127.
Simon JS, Aguiar LM, Kunz NR, Lei D. Extended-release venlafaxine in relapse prevention for patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2004 May–Jun;38(3):249–57. [PubMed: 15003430]
128.
Hochstrasser B, Isaksen PM, Koponen H, Lauritzen L, Mahnert FA, Rouillon F. et al. Prophylactic effect of citalopram in unipolar, recurrent depression: placebo-controlled study of maintenance therapy. Br J Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;178:304–10. [PubMed: 11282808]
129.
Klysner R, Bent-Hansen J, Hansen HL, Lunde M, Pleidrup E, Poulsen DL. et al. Efficacy of citalopram in the prevention of recurrent depression in elderly patients: placebo-controlled study of maintenance therapy. Br J Psychiatry. 2002 Jul;181:29–35. [PubMed: 12091260]
130.
Gilaberte I, Montejo AL, de la Gandara J, Perez-Sola V, Bernardo M, Massana J. et al. Fluoxetine in the prevention of depressive recurrences: a double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Aug;21(4):417–24. [PubMed: 11476126]
131.
Terra JL, Montgomery SA. Fluvoxamine prevents recurrence of depression: results of a long-term, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Mar;13(2):55–62. [PubMed: 9669185]
132.
Gelenberg AJ, Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Thase ME, Howland R, Klein DN. et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nefazodone maintenance treatment in preventing recurrence in chronic depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2003 Oct 15;54(8):806–17. [PubMed: 14550680]
133.
Claghorn JL, Feighner JP. A double-blind comparison of paroxetine with imipramine in the long-term treatment of depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Dec;13(6 Suppl 2):23S–7S. [PubMed: 8106652]
134.
Keller MB, Kocsis JH, Thase ME, Gelenberg AJ, Rush AJ, Koran L. et al. Maintenance phase efficacy of sertraline for chronic depression: a randomized controlled trial. Jama. 1998 Nov 18;280(19):1665–72. [PubMed: 9831997]
135.
Kocsis JH, Schatzberg A, Rush AJ, Klein DN, Howland R, Gniwesch L. et al. Psychosocial outcomes following long-term, double-blind treatment of chronic depression with sertraline vs placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Aug;59(8):723–8. [PubMed: 12150648]
136.
Lepine JP, Caillard V, Bisserbe JC, Troy S, Hotton JM, Boyer P. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of sertraline for prophylactic treatment of highly recurrent major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 May;161(5):836–42. [PubMed: 15121648]
137.
Wilson KC, Mottram PG, Ashworth L, Abou-Saleh MT. Older community residents with depression: long-term treatment with sertraline. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;182:492–7. [PubMed: 12777339]
138.
Montgomery SA, Entsuah R, Hackett D, Kunz NR, Rudolph RL. Venlafaxine versus placebo in the preventive treatment of recurrent major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;65(3):328–36. [PubMed: 15096071]
139.
Trivedi MH, Fava M, Wisniewski SR, Thase ME, Quitkin F, Warden D. et al. Medication augmentation after the failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 23;354(12):1243–52. [PubMed: 16554526]
140.
Baldomero EB, Ubago JG, Cercos CL, Ruiloba JV, Calvo CG, Lopez RP. Venlafaxine extended release versus conventional antidepressants in the remission of depressive disorders after previous antidepressant failure: ARGOS study. Depress Anxiety. 2005 Aug 10;22(2):68–76. [PubMed: 16094658]
141.
Poirier MF, Boyer P. Venlafaxine and paroxetine in treatment-resistant depression. Double-blind, randomised comparison. Br J Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;175:12–6. [PubMed: 10621762]
142.
Dinan TG. Efficacy and safety of weekly treatment with enteric-coated fluoxetine in patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(Suppl 22):48–52. [PubMed: 11599649]
143.
Montgomery SA, Rasmussen JG. Citalopram 20 mg, citalopram 40 mg and placebo in the prevention of relapse of major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992 Jun;8:181–8. [PubMed: 1431025]
144.
Montgomery SA, Rasmussen JG, Lyby K, Connor P, Tanghoj P. Dose response relationship of citalopram 20 mg, citalopram 40 mg and placebo in the treatment of moderate and severe depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1992 Jun;6(Suppl 5):65–70. [PubMed: 1431024]
145.
Michelson D, Amsterdam JD, Quitkin FM, Reimherr FW, Rosenbaum JF, Zajecka J. et al. Changes in weight during a 1-year trial of fluoxetine. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Aug;156(8):1170–6. [PubMed: 10450256]
146.
Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Stewart JW, Nierenberg AA, Thase ME. et al. Bupropion-SR, sertraline, or venlafaxine-XR after failure of SSRIs for depression. N Engl J Med. 2006 Mar 23;354(12):1231–42. [PubMed: 16554525]
147.
Gaynes BN, Rush AJ, Trivedi M, Wisniewski SR, Balasubramani GK, Spencer DC. et al. A direct comparison of presenting characteristics of depressed outpatients from primary vs. specialty care settings: preliminary findings from the STAR*D clinical trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005 Mar–Apr;27(2):87–96. [PubMed: 15763119]
148.
Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Carmody TJ, Donahue RM, Bolden-Watson C, Houser TL. et al. Do bupropion SR and sertraline differ in their effects on anxiety in depressed patients? J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Oct;62(10):776–81. [PubMed: 11816866]
149.
Flament MF, Lane RM, Zhu R, Ying Z. Predictors of an acute antidepressant response to fluoxetine and sertraline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999 Sep;14(5):259–75. [PubMed: 10529069]
150.
Fava M, Rosenbaum JF, Hoog SL, Tepner RG, Kopp JB, Nilsson ME. Fluoxetine versus sertraline and paroxetine in major depression: tolerability and efficacy in anxious depression. J Affect Disord. 2000 Aug;59(2):119–26. [PubMed: 10837880]
151.
Lader M, Andersen HF, Baekdal T. The effect of escitalopram on sleep problems in depressed patients. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2005 Jul;20(5):349–54. [PubMed: 15912558]
152.
Clerc GE, Ruimy P, Verdeau-Palles J. A double-blind comparison of venlafaxine and fluoxetine in patients hospitalized for major depression and melancholia. The Venlafaxine French Inpatient Study Group. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994 Sep;9(3):139–43. [PubMed: 7814822]
153.
Goldstein DJ, Lu Y, Detke MJ, Wiltse C, Mallinckrodt C, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine in the treatment of depression: a double-blind placebo-controlled comparison with paroxetine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Aug;24(4):389–99. [PubMed: 15232330]
154.
Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Brown EB, Wohlreich MM, Watkin JG, Schatzberg AF. Duloxetine 60 mg once-daily in the treatment of painful physical symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res. 2005 Jan;39(1):43–53. [PubMed: 15504423]
155.
Detke MJ, Lu Y, Goldstein DJ, Hayes JR, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine, 60 mg once daily, for major depressive disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;63(4):308–15. [PubMed: 12000204]
156.
Detke MJ, Lu Y, Goldstein DJ, McNamara RK, Demitrack MA. Duloxetine 60 mg once daily dosing versus placebo in the acute treatment of major depression. J Psychiatr Res. 2002 Nov–Dec;36(6):383–90. [PubMed: 12393307]
157.
Joliat MJ, Schmidt ME, Fava M, Zhang S, Michelson D, Trapp NJ. et al. Long-term treatment outcomes of depression with associated anxiety: efficacy of continuation treatment with fluoxetine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Mar;65(3):373–8. [PubMed: 15096077]
158.
Khan A, Upton GV, Rudolph RL, Entsuah R, Leventer SM. The use of venlafaxine in the treatment of major depression and major depression associated with anxiety: a dose-response study. Venlafaxine Investigator Study Group. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Feb;18(1):19–25. [PubMed: 9472838]
159.
Mallinckrodt CH, Watkin JG, Liu C, Wohlreich MM, Raskin J. Duloxetine in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: a comparison of efficacy in patients with and without melancholic features. BMC Psychiatry. 2005 Jan 4;5(1):1. [PMC free article: PMC546184] [PubMed: 15631624]
160.
Mackay FJ, Dunn NR, Wilton LV, Pearce GL, Freemantle SN, Mann RD. A comparison of fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline and paroxetine examined by observational cohort studies. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 1997 Jul;6(4):235–46. [PubMed: 15073774]
161.
Mackay FR, Dunn NR, Martin RM, Pearce GL, Freemantle SN, Mann RD. Newer antidepressants: a comparison of tolerability in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Nov;49(448):892–6. [PMC free article: PMC1313560] [PubMed: 10818655]
162.
Meijer WE, Heerdink ER, van Eijk JT, Leufkens HG. Adverse events in users of sertraline: results from an observational study in psychiatric practice in The Netherlands. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2002 Dec;11(8):655–62. [PubMed: 12512241]
163.
Brambilla P, Cipriani A, Hotopf M, Barbui C. Side-effect profile of fluoxetine in comparison with other SSRIs, tricyclic and newer antidepressants: a meta-analysis of clinical trial data. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2005 Mar;38(2):69–77. [PubMed: 15744630]
164.
Greist J, McNamara RK, Mallinckrodt CH, Rayamajhi JN, Raskin J. Incidence and duration of antidepressant-induced nausea: duloxetine compared with paroxetine and fluoxetine. Clin Ther. 2004 Sep;26(9):1446–55. [PubMed: 15531007]
165.
Mackay FJ, Dunn NR, Mann RD. Antidepressants and the serotonin syndrome in general practice. Br J Gen Pract. 1999 Nov;49(448):871–4. [PMC free article: PMC1313555] [PubMed: 10818650]
166.
Croft H, Houser TL, Jamerson BD, Leadbetter R, Bolden-Watson C, Donahue R. et al. Effect on body weight of bupropion sustained-release in patients with major depression treated for 52 weeks. Clin Ther. 2002 Apr;24(4):662–72. [PubMed: 12017410]
167.
Goldstein DJ, Hamilton SH, Masica DN, Beasley CM Jr. Fluoxetine in medically stable, depressed geriatric patients: effects on weight. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Oct;17(5):365–9. [PubMed: 9315987]
168.
Harto NE, Spera KF, Branconnier RJ. Fluoxetine-induced reduction of body mass in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1988;24(2):220–3. [PubMed: 3264922]
169.
Anonymous. Report of the CSM expert working group on the safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants. 2004 [cited; Available from: http://www​.mhra.gov.uk​/home/groups/pl-p/documents​/drugsafetymessage/con019472​.pdf.
170.
Judge R, Parry MG, Quail D, Jacobson JG. Discontinuation symptoms: comparison of brief interruption in fluoxetine and paroxetine treatment. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002 Sep;17(5):217–25. [PubMed: 12177584]
171.
Perahia DG, Kajdasz DK, Desaiah D, Haddad PM. Symptoms following abrupt discontinuation of duloxetine treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord. 2005 Dec;89(13):207–12. [PubMed: 16266753]
172.
Zajecka J, Fawcett J, Amsterdam J, Quitkin F, Reimherr F, Rosenbaum J. et al. Safety of abrupt discontinuation of fluoxetine: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1998 Jun;18(3):193–7. [PubMed: 9617977]
173.
Pedersen AG. Escitalopram and suicidality in adult depression and anxiety. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 May;20(3):139–43. [PubMed: 15812263]
174.
Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, Shapiro S, Healy D, Hebert P. et al. Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br Med J. 2005 Feb 19;330(7488):396. [PMC free article: PMC549110] [PubMed: 15718539]
175.
Khan A, Khan S, Kolts R, Brown WA. Suicide rates in clinical trials of SSRIs, other antidepressants, and placebo: analysis of FDA reports. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Apr;160(4):790–2. [PubMed: 12668373]
176.
Gunnell D, Saperia J, Ashby D. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and suicide in adults: meta-analysis of drug company data from placebo controlled, randomised controlled trials submitted to the MHRA's safety review. Br Med J. 2005 Feb 19;330(7488):385. [PMC free article: PMC549105] [PubMed: 15718537]
177.
Martinez C, Rietbrock S, Wise L, Ashby D, Chick J, Moseley J. et al. Antidepressant treatment and the risk of fatal and non-fatal self harm in first episode depression: nested case-control study. Br Med J. 2005 Feb 19;330(7488):389. [PMC free article: PMC549107] [PubMed: 15718538]
178.
Didham RC, McConnell DW, Blair HJ, Reith DM. Suicide and self-harm following prescription of SSRIs and other antidepressants: confounding by indication. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2005 Nov;60(5):519–25. [PMC free article: PMC1884935] [PubMed: 16236042]
179.
Jick H, Ulcickas M, Dean A. Comparison of frequencies of suicidal tendencies among patients receiving fluoxetine, lofepramine, mianserin, or trazodone. Pharmacotherapy. 1992;12(6):451–4. [PubMed: 1492009]
180.
Jick H, Kaye JA, Jick SS. Antidepressants and the risk of suicidal behaviors. JAMA. 2004 Jul 21;292(3):338–43. [PubMed: 15265848]
181.
Jick SS, Dean AD, Jick H. Antidepressants and suicide. Br Med J. 1995 Jan 28;310(6974):215–8. [PMC free article: PMC2548617] [PubMed: 7677826]
182.
Aursnes I, Tvete IF, Gaasemyr J, Natvig B. Suicide attempts in clinical trials with paroxetine randomised against placebo. BMC Med. 2005 Aug 22;3:14. [PMC free article: PMC1198229] [PubMed: 16115311]
183.
Lopez-Iibor Reduced suicidality with paroxetine. European Psychiatry. 1993;8(Suppl 1):17S–9S.
184.
Clayton AH, Pradko JF, Croft HA, Montano CB, Leadbetter RA, Bolden-Watson C. et al. Prevalence of sexual dysfunction among newer antidepressants. J Clin Psychiatry. 2002 Apr;63(4):357–66. [PubMed: 12000211]
185.
Delgado PL, Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Tran PV, McNamara RK, Wang F. et al. Sexual functioning assessed in 4 double-blind placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trials of duloxetine for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;66(6):686–92. [PubMed: 15960560]
186.
Ekselius L, von Knorring L. Effect on sexual function of long-term treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in depressed patients treated in primary care. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Apr;21(2):154–60. [PubMed: 11270911]
187.
Ferguson JM, Shrivastava RK, Stahl SM, Hartford JT, Borian F, Ieni J. et al. Reemergence of sexual dysfunction in patients with major depressive disorder: double-blind comparison of nefazodone and sertraline. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Jan;62(1):24–9. [PubMed: 11235924]
188.
Kennedy SH, Eisfeld BS, Dickens SE, Bacchiochi JR, Bagby RM. Antidepressant-induced sexual dysfunction during treatment with moclobemide, paroxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000 Apr;61(4):276–81. [PubMed: 10830148]
189.
Landen M, Hogberg P, Thase ME. Incidence of sexual side effects in refractory depression during treatment with citalopram or paroxetine. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jan;66(1):100–6. [PubMed: 15669895]
190.
Montejo AL, Llorca G, Izquierdo JA, Rico-Villademoros F. Incidence of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressant agents: a prospective multicenter study of 1022 outpatients. Spanish Working Group for the Study of Psychotropic-Related Sexual Dysfunction. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001;62(Suppl 3):10–21. [PubMed: 11229449]
191.
Nieuwstraten CE, Dolovich LR. Bupropion versus selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors for treatment of depression. Ann Pharmacother. 2001 Dec;35(12):1608–13. [PubMed: 11793630]
192.
Philipp M, Tiller JW, Baier D, Kohnen R. Comparison of moclobemide with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on sexual function in depressed adults. The Australian and German Study Groups. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2000 Sep;10(5):305–14. [PubMed: 10974600]
193.
Dunner DL, Zisook S, Billow AA, Batey SR, Johnston JA, Ascher JA. A prospective safety surveillance study for bupropion sustained-release in the treatment of depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Jul;59(7):366–73. [PubMed: 9714265]
194.
Johnston JA, Lineberry CG, Ascher JA, Davidson J, Khayrallah MA, Feighner JP. et al. A 102-center prospective study of seizure in association with bupropion. J Clin Psychiatry. 1991 Nov;52(11):450–6. [PubMed: 1744061]
195.
Whyte IM, Dawson AH, Buckley NA. Relative toxicity of venlafaxine and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in overdose compared to tricyclic antidepressants. Qjm. 2003 May;96(5):369–74. [PubMed: 12702786]
196.
Thase ME. Effects of venlafaxine on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of original data from 3744 depressed patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Oct;59(10):502–8. [PubMed: 9818630]
197.
Thase ME, Tran PV, Wiltse C, Pangallo BA, Mallinckrodt C, Detke MJ. Cardiovascular profile of duloxetine, a dual reuptake inhibitor of serotonin and norepinephrine. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2005 Apr;25(2):132–40. [PubMed: 15738744]
198.
Buckley NA, McManus PR. Fatal toxicity of serotoninergic and other antidepressant drugs: analysis of United Kingdom mortality data. Br Med J. 2002 Dec 7;325(7376):1332–3. [PMC free article: PMC137809] [PubMed: 12468481]
199.
Coogan PF, Palmer JR, Strom BL, Rosenberg L. Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and the risk of breast cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2005 Nov 1;162(9):835–8. [PubMed: 16177141]
200.
Kirby D, Harrigan S, Ames D. Hyponatraemia in elderly psychiatric patients treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and venlafaxine: a retrospective controlled study in an inpatient unit. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;17(3):231–7. [PubMed: 11921151]
201.
Thapa PB, Gideon P, Cost TW, Milam AB, Ray WA. Antidepressants and the risk of falls among nursing home residents. N Engl J Med. 1998 Sep 24;339(13):875–82. [PubMed: 9744971]
202.
Paroxetine Adult Suicidality Analysis: Major Depressive Disorder and Non-Major Depressive Disorder. 2006 [cited; Available from: http://www​.gsk.com/media​/paroxetine/briefing_doc.pdf.
203.
Liu BA, Mittmann N, Knowles SR, Shear NH. Hyponatremia and the syndrome of innappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a review of spontaneous reports. CMAJ. 1996;155(5):519–27. [PMC free article: PMC1335030] [PubMed: 8804257]
204.
Stewart DE. Hepatic adverse reactions associated with nefazodone. Can J Psychiatry. 2002;47(4):375–7. [PubMed: 12025437]
205.
Mason PJ, Morris VA, Balcezak TJ. Serotonin syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2000 Jul;79(4):201–9. [PubMed: 10941349]
206.
Keene MS, Eaddy MT, Mauch RP, Regan TS, Shah M, Chiao E. Differences in compliance patterns across the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Curr Med Res Opin. 2005 Oct;21(10):1651–8. [PubMed: 16238905]
207.
Miller LG, Hays RD. Adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy: synthesis of the literature and clinical implications. AIDS Read. 2000 Mar;10(3):177–85. [PubMed: 10758022]
208.
Hernandez-Avila CA, Modesto-Lowe V, Feinn R, Kranzler HR. Nefazodone treatment of comorbid alcohol dependence and major depression. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2004 Mar;28(3):433–40. [PubMed: 15084901]
209.
Krishnan KR, Doraiswamy PM, Clary CM. Clinical and treatment response characteristics of late-life depression associated with vascular disease: a pooled analysis of two multicenter trials with sertraline. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Feb;25(2):347–61. [PubMed: 11294481]
210.
Moak DH, Anton RF, Latham PK, Voronin KE, Waid RL, Durazo-Arvizu R. Sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed alcoholics: results of a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2003 Dec;23(6):553–62. [PubMed: 14624185]
211.
Nyth AL, Gottfries CG, Lyby K, Smedegaard-Andersen L, Gylding-Sabroe J, Kristensen M. et al. A controlled multicenter clinical study of citalopram and placebo in elderly depressed patients with and without concomitant dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1992 Aug;86(2):138–45. [PubMed: 1529737]
212.
Petrakis I, Carroll KM, Nich C, Gordon L, Kosten T, Rounsaville B. Fluoxetine treatment of depressive disorders in methadone-maintained opioid addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998 May 1;50(3):221–6. [PubMed: 9649975]
213.
Rapaport MH, Schneider LS, Dunner DL, Davies JT, Pitts CD. Efficacy of controlled-release paroxetine in the treatment of late-life depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Sep;64(9):1065–74. [PubMed: 14628982]
214.
Geretsegger C, Bohmer F, Ludwig M. Paroxetine in the elderly depressed patient: randomized comparison with fluoxetine of efficacy, cognitive and behavioural effects. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994 Spring;9(1):25–9. [PubMed: 8195578]
215.
Oslin DW, Ten Have TR, Streim JE, Datto CJ, Weintraub D, DiFilippo S. et al. Probing the safety of medications in the frail elderly: evidence from a randomized clinical trial of sertraline and venlafaxine in depressed nursing home residents. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003 Aug;64(8):875–82. [PubMed: 12927001]
216.
Thase ME, Entsuah R, Cantillon M, Kornstein SG. Relative Antidepressant Efficacy of Venlafaxine and SSRIs: Sex-Age Interactions. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2005 Sep;14(7):609–16. [PubMed: 16181017]
217.
Entsuah AR, Huang H, Thase ME. Response and remission rates in different subpopulations with major depressive disorder administered venlafaxine, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or placebo. J Clin Psychiatry. 2001 Nov;62(11):869–77. [PubMed: 11775046]
218.
Burt VK, Wohlreich MM, Mallinckrodt CH, Detke MJ, Watkin JG, Stewart DE. Duloxetine for the treatment of major depressive disorder in women ages 40 to 55 years. Psychosomatics. 2005 Jul–Aug;46(4):345–54. [PubMed: 16000678]
219.
Roose SP, Sackeim HA, Krishnan KR, Pollock BG, Alexopoulos G, Lavretsky H. et al. Antidepressant pharmacotherapy in the treatment of depression in the very old: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 Nov;161(11):2050–9. [PubMed: 15514406]
220.
Schneider LS, Nelson JC, Clary CM, Newhouse P, Krishnan KR, Shiovitz T. et al. An 8-week multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of sertraline in elderly outpatients with major depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;160(7):1277–85. [PubMed: 12832242]
221.
Sheikh JI, Cassidy EL, Doraiswamy PM, Salomon RM, Hornig M, Holland PJ. et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of sertraline in patients with late-life depression and comorbid medical illness. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004 Jan;52(1):86–92. [PubMed: 14687320]
222.
Tollefson GD, Holman SL. Analysis of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale factors from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of fluoxetine in geriatric major depression. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 1993 Winter;8(4):253–9. [PubMed: 8277144]
223.
Tollefson GD, Bosomworth JC, Heiligenstein JH, Potvin JH, Holman S. A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of fluoxetine in geriatric patients with major depression. The Fluoxetine Collaborative Study Group. Int Psychogeriatr. 1995 Spring;7(1):89–104. [PubMed: 7579025]
224.
Small GW, Birkett M, Meyers BS, Koran LM, Bystritsky A, Nemeroff CB. Impact of physical illness on quality of life and antidepressant response in geriatric major depression. Fluoxetine Collaborative Study Group. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1996 Oct;44(10):1220–5. [PubMed: 8856002]
225.
Wagner GJ, Maguen S, Rabkin JG. Ethnic differences in response to fluoxetine in a controlled trial with depressed HIV-positive patients. Psychiatr Serv. 1998 Feb;49(2):239–40. [PubMed: 9575014]
226.
Ferrando SJ, Goldman JD, Charness WE. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment of depression in symptomatic HIV infection and AIDS. Improvements in affective and somatic symptoms. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1997 Mar;19(2):89–97. [PubMed: 9097063]
227.
Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, McElhiney MC, Rabkin R, Lin SH. Testosterone versus fluoxetine for depression and fatigue in HIV/AIDS: a placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Aug;24(4):379–85. [PubMed: 15232328]
228.
Rabkin JG, Wagner GJ, Rabkin R. Fluoxetine treatment for depression in patients with HIV and AIDS: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 Jan;156(1):101–7. [PubMed: 9892304]
229.
Gual A, Balcells M, Torres M, Madrigal M, Diez T, Serrano L. Sertraline for the prevention of relapse in detoxicated alcohol dependent patients with a comorbid depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Alcohol Alcohol. 2003 Nov–Dec;38(6):619–25. [PubMed: 14633652]
230.
Lyketsos CG, DelCampo L, Steinberg M, Miles Q, Steele CD, Munro C. et al. Treating depression in Alzheimer disease: efficacy and safety of sertraline therapy, and the benefits of depression reduction: the DIADS. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jul;60(7):737–46. [PubMed: 12860778]
231.
Magai C, Kennedy G, Cohen CI, Gomberg D. A controlled clinical trial of sertraline in the treatment of depression in nursing home patients with late-stage Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2000 Winter;8(1):66–74. [PubMed: 10648297]
232.
Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, Mustian KM, Griggs JJ, Matteson SE. et al. Effect of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) on fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2005 Feb;89(3):243–9. [PubMed: 15754122]
233.
Bush DE, Ziegelstein RC, Patel UV, Thombs BD, Ford DE, Fauerbach JA, et al. Post-myocardial infarction depression. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005 May(123):1–8. [PMC free article: PMC4780949] [PubMed: 15989376]
234.
Glassman AH, O'Connor CM, Califf RM, Swedberg K, Schwartz P, Bigger JT Jr. et al. Sertraline treatment of major depression in patients with acute MI or unstable angina. JAMA. 2002 Aug 14;288(6):701–9. [PubMed: 12169073]
235.
Strik JJ, Honig A, Lousberg R, Lousberg AH, Cheriex EC, Tuynman-Qua HG. et al. Efficacy and safety of fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with major depression after first myocardial infarction: findings from a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychosom Med. 2000 Nov–Dec;62(6):783–9. [PubMed: 11138997]
236.
Blumenfield M, Levy NB, Spinowitz B, Charytan C, Beasley CM Jr, Dubey AK. et al. Fluoxetine in depressed patients on dialysis. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1997;27(1):71–80. [PubMed: 9565715]
237.
Andersen G, Vestergaard K, Lauritzen L. Effective treatment of poststroke depression with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram. Stroke. 1994 Jun;25(6):1099–104. [PubMed: 8202964]
238.
Murray V, von Arbin M, Bartfai A, Berggren AL, Landtblom AM, Lundmark J. et al. Double-blind comparison of sertraline and placebo in stroke patients with minor depression and less severe major depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jun;66(6):708–16. [PubMed: 15960563]
239.
Schmitz JM, Averill P, Stotts AL, Moeller FG, Rhoades HM, Grabowski J. Fluoxetine treatment of cocaine-dependent patients with major depressive disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001 Aug 1;63(3):207–14. [PubMed: 11418225]
240.
Bondareff W, Alpert M, Friedhoff AJ, Richter EM, Clary CM, Batzar E. Comparison of sertraline and nortriptyline in the treatment of major depressive disorder in late life. Am J Psychiatry. 2000 May;157(5):729–36. [PubMed: 10784465]
241.
Hansen RA, Gartlehner G, Lohr KN, Gaynes BN, Carey TS. Efficacy and safety of second-generation antidepressants in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Sep 20;143(6):415–26. [PubMed: 16172440]
242.
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition, Text Revision. Washington, DC. 2000.
243.
Fava M, Alpert JE, Carmin CN, Wisniewski SR, Trivedi MH, Biggs MM. et al. Clinical correlates and symptom patterns of anxious depression among patients with major depressive disorder in STAR*D. Psychol Med. 2004 Oct;34(7):1299–308. [PubMed: 15697056]
244.
Gaynes BN, Magruder KM, Burns BJ, Wagner HR, Yarnall KS, Broadhead WE. Does a coexisting anxiety disorder predict persistence of depressive illness in primary care patients with major depression? Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1999 May–Jun;21(3):158–67. [PubMed: 10378109]
245.
Russell JM, Koran LM, Rush J, Hirschfeld RM, Harrison W, Friedman ES. et al. Effect of concurrent anxiety on response to sertraline and imipramine in patients with chronic depression. Depress Anxiety. 2001;13(1):18–27. [PubMed: 11233456]
246.
Fava M, Uebelacker LA, Alpert JE, Nierenberg AA, Pava JA, Rosenbaum JF. Major depressive subtypes and treatment response. Biol Psychiatry. 1997 Oct 1;42(7):568–76. [PubMed: 9376453]
247.
Panzer MJ. Are SSRIs really more effective for anxious depression? Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2005 Jan–Mar;17(1):23–9. [PubMed: 15941028]
248.
Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity: a literature review. Arch Intern Med. 2003 Nov 10;163(20):2433–45. [PubMed: 14609780]
249.
Kelly AM. Does the clinically significant difference in visual analog scale pain scores vary with gender, age, or cause of pain? Acad Emerg Med. 1998 Nov;5(11):1086–90. [PubMed: 9835471]
250.
Kelly AM. The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain. Emerg Med J. 2001 May;18(3):205–7. [PMC free article: PMC1725574] [PubMed: 11354213]
251.
ten Klooster PM, Drossaers-Bakker KW, Taal E, van de Laar MA. Patient-perceived satisfactory improvement (PPSI): interpreting meaningful change in pain from the patient's perspective. Pain. 2006 Mar;121(12):151–7. [PubMed: 16472915]
252.
Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, Wisniewski SR, Nierenberg AA, Stewart JW, Warden D. et al. Acute and Longer-Term Outcomes in Depressed Outpatients Requiring One or Several Treatment Steps: A STAR*D Report. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 Nov;163(11):1905–17. [PubMed: 17074942]
Bookshelf ID: NBK43012

Views

  • PubReader
  • Print View
  • Cite this Page
  • PDF version of this title (11M)

Recent Activity

Your browsing activity is empty.

Activity recording is turned off.

Turn recording back on

See more...