KQ1 and KQ2: Terms for Exposures

Sleep apnea syndromes[Mesh] OR “sleep apnea”[tw] OR (obstructive[all fields] AND sleep[all fields] AND apnea[all fields])

Obesity[Mesh] OR overweight[mesh]

Diabetes mellitus[Mesh]

Intelligence tests[Mesh] or “IQ”[Title/abstract] OR “aptitude tests”[mesh]

Metabolic syndrome x[Mesh] OR insulin resistance[Mesh] OR Hyperinsulinism/*epidemiology/psychology

“TBI”[All fields] OR “traumatic brain injury”[All fields] OR (“traumatic” AND “brain” AND “injury”) OR craniocerebral trauma[mesh]

Hypertension[mesh]

Educational status[mesh]

Employment[mesh] OR "occupational status"[Title/abstract] OR retirement[mesh]

Literacy[tw] OR illiterate*[tw] OR illiteracy[tw] OR reading[mesh]

"Social Identification"[Mesh] OR "Social Isolation"[Mesh] OR "Social Desirability"[Mesh] OR "Social Adjustment"[Mesh] OR "Social Conformity"[Mesh] OR "Social Behavior"[Mesh:noexp] OR "Social Environment"[Mesh] OR “Interpersonal Relations"[Mesh:noexp] OR family conflict[mesh] OR (social AND (network* OR engage* OR participat*)) OR “marital status”[mesh]

(("Resilience, Psychological"[Mesh]) OR (resilienc*)) OR ((depressive disorder) OR (depression[MeSH])) OR (anxiety[MeSH] OR "anxiety disorders"[Mesh])

homocysteine[mesh] OR homocysteine[all fields] OR homocyst*[title/abstract]

smoking[MeSH] OR Nicotine[MeSH] OR (tobacco[All Fields] AND smoking[All Fields]) OR (Cigarette[All Fields] AND Smoking[All Fields])

Persian Gulf Syndrome[MeSH] OR (Gulf[All Fields] AND War[All Fields] AND Syndrome*[All Fields]) OR (Gulf[All Fields] AND War[All Fields] AND Illness*[All Fields])

Environmental Pollutants[MeSH] OR (Environmen*[All Fields] AND Pollut*[All Fields])

Agent Orange[substance name] OR Agent orange[all fields] OR tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[Mesh] OR tetrachlorodibenzodioxin[all fields] OR “2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid”[mesh] OR “2.4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic Acid[all fields]

Pesticides[MeSH] OR Pesticides[All Fields]

((childhood[tw] OR child[tw] OR children[tw]) AND socioecono*[tw]) OR ((childhood[tw] OR child[tw] OR children[tw]) AND exposure*[tw]) OR ((childhood[tw] OR child[tw] OR children[tw]) AND “urban population”[Mesh]) OR ((childhood[tw] OR child[tw] OR children[tw]) AND “rural population”[Mesh])

KQ 1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4: Terms for exposures and/or interventions

Dietary supplements[Mesh] OR “ginkgo biloba”[tw] OR “ginkgo biloba”[Mesh] OR pregnenolone[mesh] OR pregnenolone[tw] OR huperzine[tw]

Antioxidants[mesh] OR Antioxidants[pharmacological action] OR resveratrol[all fields] OR “ascorbic acid”[mesh] OR “vitamin e”[mesh] OR tocopherols[mesh]

Vitamins[Mesh] OR [pharmacological action] OR trace elements [pharmacological action]

Gonadal steroid hormones[mesh] OR Dehydroepiandrosterone[mesh] OR “DHEA”[title/abstract] OR leuprolide[mesh] OR leuprolide[tw] OR lupron[tw] OR “estrogens, conjugated (usp)"[MeSH Terms] OR premarin[tw] OR “conjugated estrogens”[all fields] OR gonadotropin*[tw] OR Phytoestrogens [Pharmacological Action]

“Nutritional status”[mesh] OR “nutrition assessment”[mesh] OR “diet therapy”[mesh] OR “diet, fat-restricted”[mesh] OR “diet, Mediterranean”[mesh] OR “Mediterranean diet”[all fields] OR “diet, vegetarian”[mesh] OR “diet, atherogenic”[mesh] OR “dietary fats”[mesh] OR fruit[mesh] OR vegetables[mesh] OR phytoestrogens[pharmacological action] OR “fatty acids, omega-3”[mesh] OR “fish oil”[tw]

Video games[mesh] OR puzzle*[tw] OR “memory training”[tw] OR “cognitive training”[tw] OR (“cognitive”[tw] AND “training”[tw])

(((((((("Diuretics"[Mesh] OR "Diuretics "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Calcium Channel Blockers"[Mesh] OR "Calcium Channel Blockers "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors"[Mesh] OR "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists"[Mesh] OR "Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Adrenergic beta-Antagonists"[Mesh] OR "Adrenergic beta-Antagonists "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Ganglionic Blockers"[Mesh] OR "Ganglionic Blockers "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Vasodilator Agents"[Mesh] OR "Vasodilator Agents "[Pharmacological Action]) AND ("Hypertension"[Mesh])) OR ("Antihypertensive Agents"[Mesh] OR "Antihypertensive Agents "[Pharmacological Action])

leisure activities[mesh] OR "leisure activity"[title/abstract] OR "leisure activities"[title/abstract] OR travel[mesh] OR travel[title/abstract]

exercise[mesh] OR "physical fitness"[mesh] OR running[mesh] OR swimming[mesh] OR walking[mesh]

(("Anti-Inflammatory Agents"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Inflammatory Agents "[Pharmacological Action])) OR ("Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal"[Mesh] OR "Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal "[Pharmacological Action])

(("Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors"[MeSH Terms]) OR ("Hydroxymethylglutaryl-coa"[All fields] AND "reductase"[All fields] AND "inhibitors"[All fields]) OR "Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors"[All fields] OR "statins"[All fields] OR "statin"[All fields] OR "Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors"[Pharmacological Action] OR (rosuvastatin) OR (simvastatin) OR (pravastatin) OR (atorvastatin) OR (fluvastatin) OR (lovastatin) OR (cerivastatin) OR (compactin) OR (meglutol) OR ("red yeast rice" OR ("red" AND "yeast" AND "rice")))

(("Thiazolidinediones"[Mesh]) OR ("Metformin"[Mesh]) OR ("insulin-sensitivity"[All fields]) OR ("insulin-sensitizing"[All fields]) OR ("insulin"[All fields] AND ("sensitivity"[All fields] OR "sensitizing"[All fields]))) OR (metformin[all fields]) OR (Thiazolidinedione*[all fields])

"cholinergic antagonists"[MeSH Terms] OR "cholinergic antagonists"[Pharmacological Action]

((galantamine) OR (donepezil) OR (rivastigmine) OR (memantine))

KQ 1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4: Terms for Observational study designs

((Epidemiologic Studies[Mesh:noexp] OR case-control studies[Mesh] OR cohort studies[Mesh] OR seroepidemiologic studies[Mesh]) OR cohort OR cohorts OR observ* OR case-control OR non-randomized OR nonrandomized OR unrandomized OR prospectiv* OR retrospectiv* OR follow* OR longitudinal OR (cases AND controls)) AND (odds ratio[Mesh] OR "odds ratio" OR "relative risk" OR risk OR risks OR associat* OR causality OR etiology OR epidemiology OR ethnology OR probability OR inciden*)

Because of the high degree of overlap between terms for emotional health factors cognitive decline, we limited the terms for observational study designs

((Epidemiologic Studies[Mesh:noexp] OR cohort studies[Mesh] OR follow* OR longitudinal) AND (odds ratio[Mesh] OR "odds ratio" OR "relative risk" OR risk OR risks OR inciden* OR etiology OR causality))

KQ 3, KQ4: Terms for RCTs (sensitive strategy)

((clinical[Title/Abstract] AND trial[Title/Abstract]) OR clinical trials[MeSH Terms] OR clinical trial[Publication Type] OR random*[Title/Abstract] OR random allocation[MeSH Terms] OR therapeutic use[MeSH Subheading])

KQ 1, KQ 3: Terms for Alzheimers disease

Alzheimer* OR alzheimer disease[mesh]

KQ 2, KQ4: Terms for mild cognitive impairment or cognitive decline

(((cognitiv* OR cognition OR memory) AND (declin* OR impair* OR deteriora* OR change* OR deficit* OR complaint*)) OR "Cognition Disorders"[Mesh:noexp]) OR ("pre-clinical AD" OR "preclinical AD" OR "pre-clinical Alzheimer" OR "preclinical alzheimer")

KQ1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4: Terms to exclude non general population or non-general medical samples

schizophrenia[mesh] OR schizophrenia[all fields] OR “down syndrome”[mesh] OR “down syndrome”[all fields] OR “psychotic disorders”[mesh] OR “psychosis”[all fields] OR "substance-related disorders"[MeSH Terms] OR “substance abuse”[all fields] OR epilepsy[mesh] OR epilepsy[all fields] OR “seizure disorder”[all fields] OR “Parkinson disease”[mesh] OR “Parkinson disease”[all fields]

KQ1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4: Terms to exclude selected Publication types

review, letter

KQ1, KQ2, KQ3, KQ4: Terms to Limit to the samples of interest

human, English, age 45+