Excluded Studies

Nancy D Berkman; Stacey L Sheridan; Katrina E Donahue; David J Halpern; Anthony Viera; Karen Crotty; Audrey Holland; Michelle Brasure; Kathleen N Lohr; Elizabeth Harden; Elizabeth Tant; Ina Wallace; Meera Viswanathan

NCBI Bookshelf. A service of the National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health.

Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, et al. Health Literacy Interventions and Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Mar. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 199.)

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

This publication is provided for historical reference only and the information may be out of date.

Health Literacy Interventions and Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review.

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Appendix HExcluded Studies

1.: Diehl SJ. Incorporating health literacy into adult basic education: from life skills to life saving. N C Med J. 2007;68(5):336–9. [PubMed: 18183754]
2.: DeWalt DA. Low health literacy: epidemiology and interventions. N C Med J. 2007;68(5):327–30. [PubMed: 18183751]
3.: Holmes M, Bacon TJ, Dobson LA, et al. Addressing health literacy through improved patient-practitioner communication. N C Med J. 2007;68(5):319–26. [PubMed: 18183750]
4.: Roberts NJ, Ghiassi R, Partridge MR. Health literacy in COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2008;3(4):499–507. [PMC free article: PMC2650589] [PubMed: 19281068]
5.: Nath C. Literacy and diabetes self-management. Am J Nurs. 2007;107(6 Suppl):43–9. quiz 49. [PubMed: 17563437]
6.: Faguy K. Health literacy. Radiol Technol. 2004;76(2):139–46. quiz 147-9. [PubMed: 15587616]
7.: Mayer GG, Villaire M. Low health literacy and its effects on patient care. J Nurs Adm. 2004;34(10):440–2. [PubMed: 15577665]
8.: Parmet WE, Robbins A. Public health literacy for lawyers. J Law Med Ethics. 2003;31(4):701–13. [PMC free article: PMC7166605] [PubMed: 14968671]
9.: Bendycki NA. Health literacy. Mark Health Serv. 2008;28(3):32–7. [PubMed: 19062445]
10.: Reeves K. Health literacy: the newest vital sign. Medsurg Nurs. 2008;17(5):288, 296. [PubMed: 19051972]
11.: Clancy C. PAs, health literacy, and medication safety. Jaapa. 2008;21(10):51. [PubMed: 19024637]
12.: Ferguson B. Health literacy and health disparities: the role they play in maternal and child health. Nurs Womens Health. 2008;12(4):286–98. [PubMed: 18715376]
13.: Wallis L. Safety in numbers. Concern about nurses' numeracy skills has been revived by research on drug calculation errors. Nurs Stand. 2008;22(33):62–3. [PubMed: 18540564]
14.: Frankel A. Health literacy and harm: who is at risk? What is the fix? Cmaj. 2008;178(12):1573–4. [PMC free article: PMC2396354] [PubMed: 18519906]
15.: Summaries for patients. Association of numeracy and diabetes control. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148(10):I53. [PubMed: 18490670]
16.: Brey RA, Clark SE, Wantz MS. This is your future: a case study approach to foster health literacy. J Sch Health. 2008;78(6):351–5. [PubMed: 18489469]
17.: Tkacz VL, Metzger A, Pruchnicki MC. Health literacy in pharmacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65(10):974–81. [PubMed: 18463348]
18.: Silverman MM. In this issue. Mental health literacy. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008;38(2):iii–v. [PubMed: 18444771]
19.: Reisfield GM, Wilson GR. Health literacy in palliative medicine #153. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(1):105–6. [PubMed: 18370900]
20.: Buescher PA, White AE, DeWalt DA. Seleted data related to health literacy in North Carolina. N C Med J. 2007;68(5):377–8. [PubMed: 18183768]
21.: Stallings KD, Bacon TJ. Health professions education to promote health literacy: leverage points and new opportunities. N C Med J. 2007;68(5):368–71. [PubMed: 18183764]
22.: Neal KC. Health literacy: more than a one-way street. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):29–30. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027298]
23.: Jotkowitz A, Porath A. Health literacy, access to care and outcomes of care. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):25–7. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027296]
24.: Dees RH. Health literacy and autonomy. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):22–3. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027294]
25.: Goldberg DS. Justice, health literacy and social epidemiology. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):18–20. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027292]
26.: Gordon EJ, Wolf MS. Beyond the basics: designing a comprehensive response to low health literacy. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):11–3. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027289]
27.: Owens L, Walden D. Health literacy: the new essential in nursing education. Nurse Educ. 2007;32(6):238–9. [PubMed: 17998849]
28.: Brey RA, Clark SE, Wantz MS. Enhancing health literacy through accessing health information, products, and services: an exercise for children and adolescents. J Sch Health. 2007;77(9):640–4. [PubMed: 17970869]
29.: Rudolph JW, Simon R, Raemer DB. Which reality matters? Questions on the path to high engagement in healthcare simulation. Simul Healthc. 2007;2(3):161–3. [PubMed: 19088618]
30.: Low health literacy puts patients at risk. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2007;92(7):94–5. [PubMed: 17849633]
31.: Kaposy C. The real-life consequences of being denied access to an abortion. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(8):34–6. discussion W3. [PubMed: 17710701]
32.: Malik P. Numeracy. Can J Cardiol. 2007;23(10):777. [PMC free article: PMC2651380] [PubMed: 17703253]
33.: Yin HS, Forbis SG, Dreyer BP. Health literacy and pediatric health. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2007;37(7):258–86. [PubMed: 17656324]
34.: Chisholm MA, Fair J, Spivey CA. Health literacy and transplant patients and practitioners. Public Health. 2007;121(10):800–3. [PubMed: 17574640]
35.: Murphy-Knoll L. Low health literacy puts patients at risk: the Joint Commission proposes solutions to national problem. J Nurs Care Qual. 2007;22(3):205–9. [PubMed: 17563587]
36.: Ross J. Health literacy and its influence on patient safety. J Perianesth Nurs. 2007;22(3):220–2. [PubMed: 17543808]
37.: Larson L. Health literacy: how are your patients reading you? Trustee. 2007;60(5):8–12. 1. [PubMed: 17539571]
38.: White paper underscores patient health literacy. ED Manag. 2007;19(5):3–4. [PubMed: 17518145]
39.: Valenti WM. Health literacy, HIV and outcomes. AIDS Read. 2007;17(3):124–6. 128. [PubMed: 17396329]
40.: Barrett SE, Puryear JS. Health literacy: improving quality of care in primary care settings. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006;17(4):690–7. [PubMed: 17242524]
41.: McCabe JA. An assignment for building an awareness of the intersection of health literacy and cultural competence skills. J Med Libr Assoc. 2006;94(4):458–61. [PMC free article: PMC1629437] [PubMed: 17082843]
42.: Wilson J. Meeting the health literacy needs of clients. Nurs N Z. 2006;12(7):18–9. [PubMed: 17076295]
43.: Rootman I. Health literacy: where are the Canadian doctors? Cmaj. 2006;175(6):606. [PMC free article: PMC1559432] [PubMed: 16966665]
44.: Kripalani S, Weiss BD. Teaching about health literacy and clear communication. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):888–90. [PMC free article: PMC1831575] [PubMed: 16881953]
45.: Baker DW. The meaning and the measure of health literacy. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):878–83. [PMC free article: PMC1831571] [PubMed: 16881951]
46.: Lloyd LL, Ammary NJ, Epstein LG, Johnson R, Rhee K. A transdisciplinary approach to improve health literacy and reduce disparities. Health Promot Pract. 2006;7(3):331–5. [PubMed: 16760237]
47.: Brown L, Upchurch G, Frank SK. Low health literacy: what pharmacists can do to help. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2006;46(1):4–11. [PubMed: 16529335]
48.: Wallace L. Patients' health literacy skills: the missing demographic variable in primary care research. Ann Fam Med. 2006;4(1):85–6. [PMC free article: PMC1466997] [PubMed: 16449402]
49.: NQF looks to improve informed consent for individuals with limited health literacy. Qual Lett Healthc Lead. 2005;17(10):13–4. [PubMed: 16358934]
50.: Carmona RH. Improving Americans' health literacy. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(9):1345. [PubMed: 16129071]
51.: Mantone J. Reading, writing and relating. Providers--rural and urban--urged to pay more attention to health literacy. Mod Healthc. 2005;35(32):30–1. [PubMed: 16117087]
52.: Hamilton S. How do we assess the learning style of our patients? Rehabil Nurs. 2005;30(4):129–31. [PubMed: 15999856]
53.: Gillis DE, MacIsaac A, Quigley Allan B, Shively J. Health literacy: expanding practitioners' horizons through collaborative research. J Interprof Care. 2004;18(4):449–51. [PubMed: 15801563]
54.: Fitzgerald N. Health literacy and your practice. Mich Med. 2005;104(1):22. [PubMed: 15751381]
55.: Hardin LR. Counseling patients with low health literacy. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2005;62(4):364–5. [PubMed: 15745888]
56.: Rothschild B. Health literacy: what the issue is, what is happening, and what can be done. Health Promot Pract. 2005;6(1):8–11. [PubMed: 15574521]
57.: Murray MD, Young JM, Morrow DG, et al. Methodology of an ongoing, randomized, controlled trial to improve drug use for elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2004;2(1):53–65. [PubMed: 15555479]
58.: Gomez E. Web-based tools can help to improve health literacy. ONS News. 2004;19(9):6. [PubMed: 15473214]
59.: Ortolon K. Clearing the confusion. Physicians turn attention to low health literacy concerns. Tex Med. 2004;100(6):49–51. [PubMed: 15267027]
60.: Dubow J. Adequate literacy and health literacy: prerequisites for informed health care decision making. Issue Brief (Public Policy Inst (Am Assoc Retired Pers)). 2004;(IB70):1–11. [PubMed: 15243980]
61.: Young D. Low health literacy is high among Americans, studies say. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2004;61(10):986–7. [PubMed: 15160772]
62.: Hixon AL. Functional health literacy: improving health outcomes. Am Fam Physician. 2004;69(9):2077–8. [PubMed: 15152955]
63.: Peota C. Health literacy and patient safety. Minn Med. 2004;87(4):32–4. [PubMed: 15144160]
64.: Vastag B. Low health literacy called a major problem. Jama. 2004;291(18):2181–2. [PubMed: 15138230]
65.: Lee CS, Shiu AT. Perceived health care climate, diabetes knowledge and self-care practice of Hong Kong Chinese older patients: a pilot study. J Clin Nurs. 2004;13(4):534–5. [PubMed: 15086640]
66.: Devereux J. Nursing. Low health literacy: a covert barrier to patient self-management. HIV Clin. 2004;16(1):12–4. [PubMed: 15052990]
67.: Evans T. Why health literacy matters. Iowa Med. 2003;93(6):6. [PubMed: 14768135]
68.: Payne JG, Schulte SK. Mass media, public health, and achieving health literacy. J Health Commun. 2003;8 1:124–5. [PubMed: 14692579]
69.: Zarcadoolas C, Pleasant A, Greer DS. Elaborating a definition of health literacy: a commentary. J Health Commun. 2003;8 1:119–20. [PubMed: 14692577]
70.: Parker RM, Gazmararian JA. Health literacy: essential for health communication. J Health Commun. 2003;8 1:116–8. [PubMed: 14692576]
71.: Francis C, Pirkis JE, Blood RW, Burgess PM, Dunt DR. Media reporting of specific mental illnesses in the context of crime: implications for mental health literacy. Med J Aust. 2003;179(11-12):638. [PubMed: 14636140]
72.: Sass HM. New options for health care policy and health status insurance: citizens as customers. Croat Med J. 2003;44(5):562–7. [PubMed: 14515414]
73.: Feifer R. How a few simple words improve patients' health. Manag Care Q. 2003;11(2):29–31. [PubMed: 12968440]
74.: Hochhauser M. The continuing critical issue is health literacy. Manag Care Interface. 2003;16(8):23–4. 29. [PubMed: 12964549]
75.: Putting the spotlight on health literacy to improve quality care. Qual Lett Healthc Lead. 2003;15(7):2–11. 1. [PubMed: 12918286]
76.: Parker RM, Ratzan SC, Lurie N. Health literacy: a policy challenge for advancing high-quality health care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2003;22(4):147–53. [PubMed: 12889762]
77.: Mayer GG, Villaire M. Health literacy: an ethical responsibility. Mitigating the negative impact of low health literacy is an ethical imperative. Healthc Exec. 2003;18(4):50–1. [PubMed: 12841058]
78.: Hutton BM. Numeracy must become a priority for nurses. Br J Nurs. 2000;9(14):894. [PubMed: 11261023]
79.: LeFevre JA. Research on the development of academic skills: introduction to the special issue on early literacy and early numeracy. Can J Exp Psychol. 2000;54(2):57–64. [PubMed: 10881390]
80.: Hutton M. Numeracy skills for intravenous calculations. Nurs Stand. 1998;12(43):49–52. quiz 55-6. [PubMed: 9776933]
81.: Low literacy levels can limit effectiveness of DM programs. Dis Manag Advis. 2003;9(5):65–9. [PubMed: 12825392]
82.: Ferrell DK, DeBord CL. Make computer-based training user-friendly. Nurs Manage. 2003;(Suppl):30–1. [PubMed: 14574185]
83.: Hill SC, Lindsay GB. Using health infomercials to develop media literacy skills. J Sch Health. 2003;73(6):239–41. [PubMed: 12899106]
84.: Kordella T. Research profile. A new tack. Overcoming low literacy in minorities. Diabetes Forecast. 2003;56(1):136–8. [PubMed: 14765417]
85.: Rudd RE, Comings JP, Hyde JN. Leave no one behind: improving health and risk communication through attention to literacy. J Health Commun. 2003;8 1:104–15. [PubMed: 14692575]
86.: Treiman R, Kessler B. The role of letter names in the acquisition of literacy. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2003;31:105–35. [PubMed: 14528660]
87.: Wilson JF. The crucial link between literacy and health. Ann Intern Med. 2003;139(10):875–8. [PubMed: 14623636]
88.: Intensive approach pays off in diabetics with low literacy skills. Dis Manag Advis. 2004;10(12):133–7. [PubMed: 15673127]
89.: Applegate KE, Crewson PE. Statistical literacy. Radiology. 2004;230(3):613–4. [PubMed: 14990828]
90.: Duke R. Easy as ABC? Low literacy rates in Arkansas are causing problems with health care. J Ark Med Soc. 2004;100(10):345–7. [PubMed: 15080274]
91.: Gates EA. Communicating risk in prenatal genetic testing. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2004;49(3):220–7. [PubMed: 15134675]
92.: Jones MW, Englestad DM. “Womb” literacy: reading to infants in the NICU. Neonatal Netw. 2004;23(4):65–9. [PubMed: 15317385]
93.: Mayuzumi K. Rethinking literacy and women's health: a Bangladesh case study. Health Care Women Int. 2004;25(6):504–26. [PubMed: 15354619]
94.: Pokhrel D, Viraraghavan T. Diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal vis-a-vis water supply and sanitation status. J Water Health. 2004;2(2):71–81. [PubMed: 15387131]
95.: Roman SP. Illiteracy and older adults: Individual and societal implications. Educational Gerontology. 2004;30(2):79–93.
96.: Rootman I. Health promotion and literacy: implications for nursing. Can J Nurs Res. 2004;36(1):13–21. [PubMed: 15133916]
97.: Stein K. Cultural literacy in health care. J Am Diet Assoc. 2004;104(11):1657–9. [PubMed: 15499349]
98.: Ownby RL. Medication adherence and health care literacy: filling in the gap between efficacy and effectiveness. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2005;7(1):1–2. [PubMed: 15717976]
99.: Robinson S, Lawson S. Evaluating the impact of Information Skills Training within primary care. Health Info Libr J. 2005;22(1):63–5. [PubMed: 15810933]
100.: Rudd RE, Horowitz AM. Health and literacy: supporting the oral health research agenda. J Public Health Dent. 2005;65(3):131–2. [PubMed: 16171256]
101.: Literacy and health practice resources. Can J Public Health. 2006;97 2:S14–5. [PubMed: 16805155]
102.: Wardle J. Make sure your patients understand discharge plan: low health literacy contributes to readmissions. Patient Education Management. 2006;13(4):45–48.
103.: Davis LJ. Life, death, and biocultural literacy. Chron High Educ. 2006;52(18):B9–10. [PubMed: 16459383]
104.: Greenberg D, Lackey J. The importance of adult literacy issues in social work practice. Soc Work. 2006;51(2):177–9. [PubMed: 16858924]
105.: Kendig S. Word power: The effect of literacy on health outcomes. AWHONN Lifelines. 2006;10(4):327–31. [PubMed: 16911266]
106.: Lunney M. Helping nurses use NANDA, NOC, and NIC: novice to expert. J Nurs Adm. 2006;36(3):118–25. [PubMed: 16601513]
107.: Maag M. Podcasting and MP3 players: emerging education technologies. Comput Inform Nurs. 2006;24(1):9–13. [PubMed: 16436906]
108.: O'Hare A. Acquiring literacy in the face of severe speech and physical impairments. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2006;48(8):628. [PubMed: 16836772]
109.: Paasche-Orlow MK, Schillinger D, Greene SM, Wagner EH. How health care systems can begin to address the challenge of limited literacy. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):884–7. [PMC free article: PMC1831564] [PubMed: 16881952]
110.: Pravikoff DS. Mission critical: a culture of evidence-based practice and information literacy. Nurs Outlook. 2006;54(4):254–5. [PubMed: 16929570]
111.: Seasholtz SI. Financial literacy--no nurse left behind. Am Nurse. 2006;38(3):9. [PubMed: 16833075]
112.: Simpson RL. What's nursing's PLAN for IT ubiquity? Nurs Manage. 2006;37(9):12, 16. [PubMed: 16983231]
113.: Snow CE, Beals DE. Mealtime talk that supports literacy development. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev. 2006;(111):51–66. [PubMed: 16646499]
114.: Stopforth L. Driving the roll out. Nurses and new communication technologies. Nurs N Z. 2006;12(10):17. [PubMed: 17319204]
115.: An emerging giant: nursing informatics. Nurs Manage. 2007;38(3):38–42. [PubMed: 17473794]
116.: Allen D. You're never too old for a Wii. Nurs Older People. 2007;19(8):8. [PubMed: 17972774]
117.: Baerlocher MO. Adult literacy rates in African and Eastern Mediterranean countries. Can Med Assoc J. 2007;177(11):1347. [PMC free article: PMC2072989] [PubMed: 18025423]
118.: Boehl T. Linguistic issues and literacy barriers in nutrition. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(3):380–3. [PubMed: 17415943]
119.: Booth A. In search of the information literacy training ‘half-life’ Health Info Libr J. 2007;24(2):145–9. [PubMed: 17584219]
120.: Callister LC. Improving literacy in women and girls globally. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2007;32(3):194. [PubMed: 17479059]
121.: Chepesiuk R. Environmental literacy: knowledge for a healthier public. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(10):A494–9. [PMC free article: PMC2022675] [PubMed: 17938718]
122.: Curran C, Sheets D, Kirkpatrick B, Bauldoff GS. Virtual patients support point-of-care nursing education. Nurs Manage. 2007;38(12):27–33. [PubMed: 18188006]
123.: Delaney C. Nursing and informatics for the 21st century: a conversation with Connie Delaney, PhD, RN, FAAN, FACMI. Interview by Joan Karnas. Creat Nurs. 2007;13(2):4–6. [PubMed: 18232581]
124.: Fleming J. Health literacy. RDH. 2007;27(3):48.
125.: Low AK, Grothe KB, Wofford TS, Bouldin MJ. Addressing disparities in cardiovascular risk through community-based interventions. Ethn Dis. 2007;17(2 Suppl 2):S2-55–9. [PubMed: 17684816]
126.: X1Lurie N, Parker R. Editorial: moving health literacy from the individual to the community. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2007;31:S6–7. [PubMed: 17931138]
127.: Mackenzie B. Sustained efforts should promote statistics literacy in physiology Commentary on “Guidelines for reporting statistics in journals published by the American Physiological Society: the sequel” Adv Physiol Educ. 2007;31(4):305. discussion 306-7. [PubMed: 18057398]
128.: Mastrian K, McGonigle D, Pavlekovsky K. Information systems and case management practice series, part III: case management is implementation processes, additional technology tools, and future directions. Prof Case Manag. 2007;12(5):296–9. [PubMed: 17885637]
129.: Miller VM. Poor eHealth literacy and consumer-directed health plans: a recipe for market failure. Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):20–2. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027293]
130.: Murer CG. EHRs: issues preventing widespread adoption. Rehab Manag. 2007;20(5):38–9. [PubMed: 17624173]
131.: Nagle LM. Everything I know about informatics, I didn't learn in nursing school. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2007;20(3):22–5. [PubMed: 17987824]
132.: Nagle LM. Infoway's EHR user engagement strategy. Nurs Leadersh (Tor Ont). 2007;20(2):31–3. [PubMed: 17619593]
133.: Nelson R. Electronic health records: useful tools or high-tech headache? Am J Nurs. 2007;107(3):25–6. [PubMed: 17314547]
134.: Pank CM. Online education. Am J Nurs. 2007;107(5):74–6. [PubMed: 17443089]
135.: Robles J, Karnas J. The electronic medical record: shifting the paradigm. A conversation with Jane Robles and Joan Karnas. Interview by Beth Beaty. Creat Nurs. 2007;13(2):7–9. [PubMed: 18232582]
136.: Schillinger D. Literacy and health communication: reversing the ‘inverse care law’ Am J Bioeth. 2007;7(11):15–8. discussion W1-2. [PubMed: 18027291]
137.: Sensmeier J. The future of IT? Aggressive educational reform. TIGER initiative preps nurses for healthcare's digital era. Nurs Manage. 2007;(Suppl):2, 4, 6. passim. [PubMed: 18159649]
138.: Spalla TL, Nininger JM, Daley LK. You've got mail: a new tool to help millennials prepare for the national council licensure examination. Nurse Educ. 2007;32(2):52–4. [PubMed: 17496817]
139.: Thobaben M. Health literacy and elderly home health clients. Home Health Care Management & Practice. 2007;19(6):478–479.
140.: Wheeler DP, Goodman H. Health and mental health social workers need information literacy skills. Health Soc Work. 2007;32(3):235–7. [PubMed: 17896682]
141.: Andretta S. Promoting reflective information literacy practice through Facilitating Information Literacy Education (FILE). Health Info Libr J. 2008;25(2):150–3. [PubMed: 18494650]
142.: Chapman L. Effective teamwork. Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2008;15(6):18–21. [PubMed: 18982881]
143.: Costa DM. Facilitating health literacy. OT Practice. 2008;13(15):13.
144.: DeCastro J, Stone B. Improving therapeutic outcomes in BPH through diagnosis, treatment and patient compliance. Am J Med. 2008;121(8 Suppl 2):S27–33. [PubMed: 18675614]
145.: Delaney C. Facilitating cultural competence and computer literacy in RN-to-BSN. J Nurs Educ. 2008;47(5):240. [PubMed: 18522158]
146.: Dougall A, Fiske J. Access to special care dentistry, part 3. Consent and capacity. Br Dent J. 2008;205(2):71–81. [PubMed: 18660768]
147.: Dragon N. Leaving the paper trail behind. Aust Nurs J. 2008;16(1):22–5. [PubMed: 18727263]
148.: Hijazi ZM, Marshall JJ. Seconds-Count.org offers enhanced tools for patients and physicians. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;72(7):1027–9. [PubMed: 19031412]
149.: Hughes S, Dennison CR. Progress in prevention: how can we help patients seek information on the World Wide Web?: an opportunity to improve the “net effect” J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008;23(4):324–5. [PubMed: 18596493]
150.: Innes G. Faculty-librarian collaboration: an online information literacy tutorial for students. Nurse Educ. 2008;33(4):145–6. [PubMed: 18600151]
151.: Skiba DJ. Moving forward: the informatics agenda. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2008;29(5):300–1. [PubMed: 18834061]
152.: Skiba DJ, DuLong D. Using TIGER vision to move your agenda forward. Nurs Manage. 2008;39(3):14–6. [PubMed: 18414219]
153.: Zuniga JM. Promoting HIV literacy. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic Ill). 2008;7(5):215–6. [PubMed: 18987266]
154.: Brown T. Literacy and healthcare: the challenge of communication in home healthcare and hospice. Home Healthc Nurse. 2009;27(1):55–9. [PubMed: 19114788]
155.: Craig E. Better informed for better health and better care: an information literacy framework to support health care in Scotland. Health Info Libr J. 2009;26(1):77–80. [PubMed: 19245647]
156.: Fetter MS. Health information literacy and mental health nursing. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009;30(1):64–5. [PubMed: 19148825]
157.: Krumwiede N. What challenges do you see when caring for patients in a rural area? Access, health literacy, and health disparities are concerns. ONS Connect. 2009;24(7):13. [PubMed: 19645158]
158.: Goske MJ, Bulas D. Improving health literacy: informed decision-making rather than informed consent for CT scans in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2009;39(9):901–3. [PubMed: 19557404]
159.: Oates DJ, Silliman RA. Health literacy: improving patient understanding. Oncology (Williston Park). 2009;23(4):376, 379. [PubMed: 19476268]
160.: Worley S, Didiza Z, Nomatshila S, et al. Wellness programmes for persons living with HIV/AIDS: experiences from Eastern Cape province, South Africa. Glob Public Health. 2009;4(4):367–85. [PubMed: 19343601]
161.: Wolff K, Cavanaugh K, Malone R, et al. The Diabetes Literacy and Numeracy Education Toolkit (DLNET): materials to facilitate diabetes education and management in patients with low literacy and numeracy skills. Diabetes Educ. 2009;35(2):233–6. 238–41, 244–5. [PMC free article: PMC4547782] [PubMed: 19240246]
162.: Cutilli CC, Bennett IM. Understanding the health literacy of America: results of the National Assessment of Adult Literacy. Orthop Nurs. 2009;28(1):27–32. quiz 33-4. [PMC free article: PMC2668931] [PubMed: 19190475]
163.: A health literacy example: revising a HIPAA privacy notice. ASHA Leader. 2009;14(2):29.
164.: Meehan D. Building a stronger foundation: raising health literacy awareness. Med Surg Matters. 2009;18(4):16–8.
165.: Bulletin board AHRQ launches health literacy measurement tools. Journal of AHIMA. 2009;80(3):12.
166.: Family council can help make materials readable: revamping written handout distribution. Patient Education Management. 2009;16(4):42.
167.: Hasselkus A, Moxley A. Health literacy at the intersection of cultures Last in a three-part series. ASHA Leader. 2009;14(4):30–1.
168.: Hasselkus A. Health literacy in clinical practice first in a three-part series. ASHA Leader. 2009;14(1):28–9.
169.: Kohler D. Health literacy: improving comprehension and adherence of written patient instructions by simplifying educational materials at or below a sixth-grade reading level. Gastroenterology Nursing. 2009;32(2):143.
170.: Health literacy: one pillar of patient education. Briefings on Patient Safety. 2009;10(6):6–8.
171.: Jones CM. Internet resources: health literacy. MLA News. 2009;416:11.
172.: Iowa Health System addresses health literacy within state facilities by adopting patient-centered approaches. Briefings on Patient Safety. 2009;10(3):5–6.
173.: Lack of compliance may mean patients don't understand. Case Management Advisor. 2009;20(8):85–7.
174.: Lack of compliance may mean patients misunderstand: low health literacy contributes to readmissions. Patient Education Management. 2009;16(9):103–5.
175.: Log on for health literacy materials. American Dental Association News. 2009;40(2):11.
176.: Owens J. OJIN tackles health literacy. American Nurse. 2009;41(5):6.
177.: Sullivan CH. Partnering with community agencies to provide nursing students with cultural awareness experiences and refugee health promotion access. Journal of Nursing Education. 2009;48(9):519–22. [PubMed: 19645368]
178.: Wicklund K, Ramos K. Plain language: effective communication in the health care setting. Journal of Hospital Librarianship. 2009;9(2):177–85.
179.: Volunteers address low health literacy: provide someone to teach tasks. Patient Education Management. 2009;16(5):54–5.
180.: Denham SA. Diabetes: A family matter. Journal of Family Nursing. 2009;15(3):400–401. [PubMed: 19622843]
181.: Peregrin T. Picture this: visual cues enhance health education messages for people with low literacy skills. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010;110(4):500–5. [PubMed: 20338272]
182.: Warburton P. Poor numeracy skills must be tackled to cut medication errors. Nurs Times. 2010;106(9):13. [PubMed: 20344984]
183.: D'Alessandro DM. Challenges and options for patient education in the office setting. Pediatr Ann. 2010;39(2):78–83. [PubMed: 20166636]
184.: Glass AP, Butler DQ. Health literacy and older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58(1):152–3. [PubMed: 20122046]
185.: Pattishall AE, Spector ND. Vitamin D deficiency, eosinophilic esophagitis, and health literacy. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21(6):817–23. [PubMed: 19797953]
186.: Fetter MS. Promoting health literacy with vulnerable behavioral health clients. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2009;30(12):798–802. [PubMed: 19916815]
187.: Abrams MA, Klass P, Dreyer BP. Health literacy and children: recommendations for action. Pediatrics. 2009;124 3:S327–31. [PubMed: 19861487]
188.: Sullivan LW. Promoting health literacy and health behaviors. Breastfeed Med. 2009;4 1:S67. [PubMed: 19827930]
189.: Horowitz AM. The role of health literacy in reducing health disparities. J Dent Hyg. 2009;83(4):182–3. [PubMed: 19909638]
190.: Klass P, Dreyer BP, Mendelsohn AL. Reach out and read: literacy promotion in pediatric primary care. Adv Pediatr. 2009;56:11–27. [PMC free article: PMC3095493] [PubMed: 19968940]
191.: AHRQ introduces new Pharmacy Health Literacy Center. AHRQ Research Activities. 2009;(352):21–21.
192.: AHRQ releases a new health literacy tool. AHRQ Research Activities. 2010;(354):18–18.
193.: Awards aim to promote health literacy. World of Irish Nursing & Midwifery. 2010;18(1) [39]
194.: Better educational materials are needed to boost the health literacy of individuals who are deaf. AHRQ Research Activities. 2009;(352):8–8.
195.: Glover C. Have you thought about your patients' health literacy today? AAACN Viewpoint. 2010;32(1):3–4.
196.: Health literacy competencies staff should have. Patient Education Management. 2010;17(3):29–29.
197.: Health literacy is linked to personal happiness. AHRQ Research Activities. 2009;(350):12–12.
198.: Susic J. Health literacy. NIHSeniorHealth classes for senior citizens at a public library in Louisiana. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet. 2009;13(4):417–419.
199.: Villaire M, Mayer G. Health literacy: the low-hanging fruit in health care reform. Journal of Health Care Finance. 2009;36(2):55–59. [PubMed: 20499721]
200.: Crozier S. House directs continued action on health literacy in dentistry. American Dental Association News. 2009;40(22):24–25.
201.: Wessling MN. Success stories in health literacy. AMWA Journal: American Medical Writers Association Journal. 2010;25(1):17–18.
202.: Dunn DJ. The nurse role in health literacy. Florida Nurse. 2010;58(1):14–14.
203.: Harrington S. Thinking about the daily realities of diversity and health literacy. AORN Connections. 2009;7(12):2p.
204.: To improve health literacy, follow QI model: goal is to create a culture change. Healthcare Benchmarks & Quality Improvement. 2010;17(1):10–10. [PubMed: 20121010]
205.: To improve health literacy, follow Ql model: goal is to create a culture change. Patient Education Management. 2009;16(11):124–125.
206.: Clement S, Ibrahim S, Crichton N, Wolf M, Rowlands G. Complex interventions to improve the health of people with limited literacy: a systematic review (Structured abstract). Patient Education and Counseling. 2009;(3):340–351. [PubMed: 19261426]

SER only

1.: Bennett IM, Kripalani S, Weiss BD, Coyne CA. Combining cancer control information with adult literacy education: opportunities to reach adults with limited literacy skills. Cancer Control. 2003;10(5 Suppl):81–3. [PubMed: 14581908]
2.: Berkman ND, Dewalt DA, Pignone MP, et al. Literacy and health outcomes. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2004;(87):1–8. [PMC free article: PMC4781151] [PubMed: 15819598]
3.: Mancuso JM. Assessment and measurement of health literacy: an integrative review of the literature. Nurs Health Sci. 2009;11(1):77–89. [PubMed: 19298313]

Studies that do not measure literacy or health literacy

1.: Latham CL, Calvillo E. A health protection model for Hispanic adults with Type 2 diabetes. J Clin Nurs. 2007;16(7B):186–96. [PubMed: 17584428]
2.: Frew PM, del Rio C, Lu L, Clifton S, Mulligan MJ. Understanding differences in enrollment outcomes among high-risk populations recruited to a phase IIb HIV vaccine trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(3):314–9. [PMC free article: PMC3657343] [PubMed: 19194310]
3.: Voracek M, Loibl LM, Swami V, et al. The beliefs in the inheritance of risk factors for suicide scale (BIRFSS): cross-cultural validation in Estonia, Malaysia, Romania, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2008;38(6):688–98. [PubMed: 19152299]
4.: Rana AK, Wahlin A, Lundborg CS, Kabir ZN. Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: results from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(1):36–45. [PubMed: 19136677]
5.: Bousamra M, Kloecker G, Herbig S. Drive cancer out: a physician-led anti-smoking program directed at teens and adolescents. J Ky Med Assoc. 2008;106(12):561–5. [PubMed: 19130873]
6.: Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Eleazer GP, Cornman CB, Porter CN, Davis DR. High variation in Alzheimer's disease prevalence among South Carolina counties. J S C Med Assoc. 2008;104(7):215–8. [PubMed: 19058733]
7.: Fraser E, Pakenham KI. Evaluation of a resilience-based intervention for children of parents with mental illness. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42(12):1041–50. [PubMed: 19016092]
8.: Cohen LA, Bonito AJ, Akin DR, et al. Toothache pain: a comparison of visits to physicians, emergency departments and dentists. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139(9):1205–16. [PubMed: 18762631]
9.: Yin HS, Dreyer BP, van Schaick L, Foltin GL, Dinglas C, Mendelsohn AL. Randomized controlled trial of a pictogram-based intervention to reduce liquid medication dosing errors and improve adherence among caregivers of young children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2008;162(9):814–22. [PubMed: 18762597]
10.: Volk RJ, Jibaja-Weiss ML, Hawley ST, et al. Entertainment education for prostate cancer screening: a randomized trial among primary care patients with low health literacy. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(3):482–9. [PMC free article: PMC2867348] [PubMed: 18760888]
11.: Hawley ST, Zikmund-Fisher B, Ubel P, Jancovic A, Lucas T, Fagerlin A. The impact of the format of graphical presentation on health-related knowledge and treatment choices. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(3):448–55. [PubMed: 18755566]
12.: Smith B, Chu LK, Smith TC, et al. Challenges of self-reported medical conditions and electronic medical records among members of a large military cohort. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8:37. [PMC free article: PMC2447848] [PubMed: 18644098]
13.: Donelle L, Hoffman-Goetz L. An exploratory study of canadian aboriginal online health care forums. Health Commun. 2008;23(3):270–81. [PubMed: 18569056]
14.: Ishikawa H, Nomura K, Sato M, Yano E. Developing a measure of communicative and critical health literacy: a pilot study of Japanese office workers. Health Promot Int. 2008;23(3):269–74. [PubMed: 18515303]
15.: Greenhalgh T, Wood GW, Bratan T, Stramer K, Hinder S. Patients' attitudes to the summary care record and HealthSpace: qualitative study. Bmj. 2008;336(7656):1290–5. [PMC free article: PMC2413413] [PubMed: 18511764]
16.: Olendzki BC, Ma Y, Hebert JR, et al. Underreporting of energy intake and associated factors in a Latino population at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(6):1003–8. [PMC free article: PMC4017735] [PubMed: 18502234]
17.: Maniaci MJ, Heckman MG, Dawson NL. Functional health literacy and understanding of medications at discharge. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008;83(5):554–8. [PubMed: 18452685]
18.: Farrer L, Leach L, Griffiths KM, Christensen H, Jorm AF. Age differences in mental health literacy. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:125. [PMC free article: PMC2358892] [PubMed: 18423049]
19.: IJurg ME, De Meij JS, Van der Wal MF, Koelen MA. Using health promotion outcomes in formative evaluation studies to predict success factors in interventions: an application to an intervention for promoting physical activity in Dutch children (JUMP-in). Health Promot Int. 2008;23(3):231–9. [PubMed: 18408231]
20.: Chang C. Increasing mental health literacy via narrative advertising. J Health Commun. 2008;13(1):37–55. [PubMed: 18307135]
21.: Guerra CE, McDonald VJ, Ravenell KL, Asch DA, Shea JA. Effect of race on patient expectations regarding their primary care physicians. Fam Pract. 2008;25(1):49–55. [PubMed: 18304974]
22.: Blanson Henkemans OA, Rogers WA, Fisk AD, Neerincx MA, Lindenberg J, van der Mast CA. Usability of an adaptive computer assistant that improves self-care and health literacy of older adults. Methods Inf Med. 2008;47(1):82–8. [PMC free article: PMC4209174] [PubMed: 18213433]
23.: Marie D, Miles B. Social distance and perceived dangerousness across four diagnostic categories of mental disorder. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42(2):126–33. [PubMed: 18197507]
24.: Dahlberg KM, Waern M, Runeson B. Mental health literacy and attitudes in a Swedish community sample - investigating the role of personal experience of mental health care. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:8. [PMC free article: PMC2254613] [PubMed: 18184424]
25.: Voracek M, Loibl LM, Sonneck G. Beliefs in the Inheritance of Risk Factors for Suicide Scale: development, reliability, stability, and convergent and discriminant validity. Psychol Rep. 2007;101(1):107–16. [PubMed: 17958114]
26.: Harper W, Cook S, Makoul G. Teaching medical students about health literacy: 2 Chicago initiatives. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31 1:S111–4. [PubMed: 17931129]
27.: Goto R, Nishimura S, Ida T. Discrete choice experiment of smoking cessation behaviour in Japan. Tob Control. 2007;16(5):336–43. [PMC free article: PMC2598550] [PubMed: 17897993]
28.: Nimmon LE. Within the eyes of the people: using a photonovel as a consciousness-raising health literacy tool with ESL-speaking immigrant women. Can J Public Health. 2007;98(4):337–40. [PMC free article: PMC6975658] [PubMed: 17896748]
29.: O'Callaghan C, Quine S. How older Vietnamese Australian women manage their medicines. J Cross Cult Gerontol. 2007;22(4):405–19. [PubMed: 17846877]
30.: Wang J, Adair C, Fick G, et al. Depression literacy in Alberta: findings from a general population sample. Can J Psychiatry. 2007;52(7):442–9. [PubMed: 17688008]
31.: Kaneko Y, Motohashi Y. Male gender and low education with poor mental health literacy: a population-based study. J Epidemiol. 2007;17(4):114–9. [PMC free article: PMC7058472] [PubMed: 17641446]
32.: Guerra CE, Jacobs SE, Holmes JH, Shea JA. Are physicians discussing prostate cancer screening with their patients and why or why not? A pilot study. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22(7):901–7. [PMC free article: PMC2219711] [PubMed: 17549576]
33.: Goldney RD, Taylor AW, Bain MA. Depression and remoteness from health services in South Australia. Aust J Rural Health. 2007;15(3):201–10. [PubMed: 17542794]
34.: Hepworth NS, Paxton SJ, Williams B. Predictors of attitudes towards treatments for bulimia nervosa. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2007;41(3):247–56. [PubMed: 17464706]
35.: Akoijam BS, Thangjam ND, Singh KT, Devi SR, Devi RK. Birth weight pattern in the only referral teaching hospital in Manipur. Indian J Public Health. 2006;50(4):220–4. [PubMed: 17444050]
36.: Naito M, Nakayama T, Hamajima N. Health literacy education for children: acceptability of a school-based program in oral health. J Oral Sci. 2007;49(1):53–9. [PubMed: 17429183]
37.: Primack BA, Bui T, Fertman CI. Social marketing meets health literacy: Innovative improvement of health care providers' comfort with patient interaction. Patient Educ Couns. 2007;68(1):3–9. [PMC free article: PMC3004527] [PubMed: 17418522]
38.: Miller EA, West DM. Characteristics associated with use of public and private web sites as sources of health care information: results from a national survey. Med Care. 2007;45(3):245–51. [PubMed: 17304082]
39.: Boissy P, Briere S, Tousignant M, Rousseau E. The eSMAF: a software for the assessment and follow-up of functional autonomy in geriatrics. BMC Geriatr. 2007;7:2. [PMC free article: PMC1802868] [PubMed: 17298673]
40.: Olney CA, Warner DG, Reyna G, Wood FB, Siegel ER. MedlinePlus and the challenge of low health literacy: findings from the Colonias project. J Med Libr Assoc. 2007;95(1):31–9. [PMC free article: PMC1773027] [PubMed: 17252064]
41.: Dailey R, Schwartz KL, Binienda J, Moorman J, Neale AV. Challenges in making therapeutic lifestyle changes among hypercholesterolemic African-American patients and their physicians. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006;98(12):1895–903. [PMC free article: PMC2569681] [PubMed: 17225831]
42.: Hiscock H, Canterford L, Ukoumunne OC, Wake M. Adverse associations of sleep problems in Australian preschoolers: national population study. Pediatrics. 2007;119(1):86–93. [PubMed: 17200274]
43.: Kuper H, Adami HO, Theorell T, Weiderpass E. The socioeconomic gradient in the incidence of stroke: a prospective study in middle-aged women in Sweden. Stroke. 2007;38(1):27–33. [PubMed: 17138948]
44.: McGinn T, Allen K. Improving refugees' reproductive health through literacy in Guinea. Glob Public Health. 2006;1(3):229–48. [PubMed: 19153909]
45.: Lieberman A, Harris D. Acknowledging adult bias: a focus-group approach to utilizing beauty salons as health-education portals for inner-city adolescent girls. Health Promot Pract. 2007;8(2):205–13. [PubMed: 16980570]
46.: Lo S, Sharif I, Ozuah PO. Health literacy among English-speaking parents in a poor urban setting. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2006;17(3):504–11. [PubMed: 16960318]
47.: Al-Harazi AH. Obstructed labor. A real problem in Yemeni s rural areas. Saudi Med J. 2006;27(9):1435–6. [PubMed: 16951795]
48.: Bell JA, Patel B, Malasanos T. Knowledge improvement with web-based diabetes education program: brainfood. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2006;8(4):444–8. [PubMed: 16939369]
49.: Wu TY, Bancroft J. Filipino American women's perceptions and experiences with breast cancer screening. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2006;33(4):E71–8. [PubMed: 16858450]
50.: Barbarin O, Bryant D, McCandies T, et al. Children enrolled in public pre-K: the relation of family life, neighborhood quality, and socioeconomic resources to early competence. Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2006;76(2):265–76. [PubMed: 16719646]
51.: Chung JH, Voss KJ, Caughey AB, Wing DA, Henderson EJ, Major CA. Role of patient education level in predicting macrosomia among women with gestational diabetes mellitus. J Perinatol. 2006;26(6):328–32. [PubMed: 16642026]
52.: Pappas G, Siozopoulou V, Saplaoura K, et al. Health literacy in the field of infectious diseases: the paradigm of brucellosis. J Infect. 2007;54(1):40–5. [PubMed: 16533534]
53.: McCormick MC, Brooks-Gunn J, Buka SL, et al. Early intervention in low birth weight premature infants: results at 18 years of age for the Infant Health and Development Program. Pediatrics. 2006;117(3):771–80. [PubMed: 16510657]
54.: Mansoor LE, Dowse R. Medicines information and adherence in HIV/AIDS patients. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2006;31(1):7–15. [PubMed: 16476115]
55.: Routh K, Rao JN, Denley J. A simple, and potentially low-cost method for measuring the prevalence of childhood obesity. Child Care Health Dev. 2006;32(2):239–45. [PubMed: 16441858]
56.: Hunter JL. Cervical cancer educational pamphlets: Do they miss the mark for Mexican immigrant women's needs? Cancer Control. 2005;12 2:42–50. [PubMed: 16327750]
57.: Devaney A, Outhwaite H. Learning resource needs of UK NHS support staff. Health Info Libr J. 2005;22(4):253–61. [PubMed: 16293167]
58.: Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Hunt R, et al. A pragmatic 2 × 2 × 2 factorial cluster randomized controlled trial of educational outreach visiting and case conferencing in palliative care-methodology of the Palliative Care Trial [ISRCTN 81117481] Contemp Clin Trials. 2006;27(1):83–100. [PubMed: 16290094]
59.: Zargarzadeh AH, Tavakoli N, Hassanzadeh A. A survey on the extent of medication storage and wastage in urban Iranian households. Clin Ther. 2005;27(6):970–8. [PubMed: 16117997]
60.: Kalanda BF, van Buuren S, Verhoeff FH, Brabin BJ. Catch-up growth in Malawian babies, a longitudinal study of normal and low birthweight babies born in a malarious endemic area. Early Hum Dev. 2005;81(10):841–50. [PubMed: 16109465]
61.: Peres K, Verret C, Alioum A, Barberger-Gateau P. The disablement process: factors associated with progression of disability and recovery in French elderly people. Disabil Rehabil. 2005;27(5):263–76. [PubMed: 16025753]
62.: Palfrey JS, Hauser-Cram P, Bronson MB, Warfield ME, Sirin S, Chan E. The Brookline Early Education Project: a 25-year follow-up study of a family-centered early health and development intervention. Pediatrics. 2005;116(1):144–52. [PubMed: 15995045]
63.: Sarfaty M, Turner CH, Damotta E. Use of a patient assistant to facilitate medical visits for Latino patients with low health literacy. J Community Health. 2005;30(4):299–307. [PubMed: 15989211]
64.: Holmes-Rovner M, Stableford S, Fagerlin A, et al. Evidence-based patient choice: a prostate cancer decision aid in plain language. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2005;5:16. [PMC free article: PMC1168900] [PubMed: 15963238]
65.: Montazeri A. AIDS knowledge and attitudes in Iran: results from a population-based survey in Tehran. Patient Educ Couns. 2005;57(2):199–203. [PubMed: 15911193]
66.: Al-Safi SA, Alkofahi AS, El-Eid HS. Public response to chest pain in Jordan. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2005;4(2):139–44. [PubMed: 15904884]
67.: Sanchez CD, Newby LK, McGuire DK, Hasselblad V, Feinglos MN, Ohman EM. Diabetes-related knowledge, atherosclerotic risk factor control, and outcomes in acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol. 2005;95(11):1290–4. [PubMed: 15904631]
68.: Ohnishi M, Nakamura K, Takano T. Improvement in maternal health literacy among pregnant women who did not complete compulsory education: policy implications for community care services. Health Policy. 2005;72(2):157–64. [PubMed: 15802151]
69.: Atchison KA, Black EE, Leathers R, et al. A qualitative report of patient problems and postoperative instructions. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005;63(4):449–56. [PMC free article: PMC3920652] [PubMed: 15789315]
70.: Angus J, Evans S, Lapum J, et al. “Sneaky disease”: the body and health knowledge for people at risk for coronary heart disease in Ontario, Canada. Soc Sci Med. 2005;60(9):2117–28. [PubMed: 15743659]
71.: Dodani S, Mistry R, Khwaja A, Farooqi M, Qureshi R, Kazmi K. Prevalence and awareness of risk factors and behaviours of coronary heart disease in an urban population of Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan: a community survey. J Public Health (Oxf). 2004;26(3):245–9. [PubMed: 15454591]
72.: Borrayo EA. Where's Maria? A video to increase awareness about breast cancer and mammography screening among low-literacy Latinas. Prev Med. 2004;39(1):99–110. [PubMed: 15207991]
73.: Firestone DN, Jimenez-Briceno L, Reimann JO, Talavera GA, Polonsky WH, Edelman SV. Predictors of diabetes-specific knowledge and treatment satisfaction among Costa Ricans. Diabetes Educ. 2004;30(2):281–92. [PubMed: 15095518]
74.: Kaufman DR, Starren J, Patel VL, et al. A cognitive framework for understanding barriers to the productive use of a diabetes home telemedicine system. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2003:356–60. [PMC free article: PMC1480118] [PubMed: 14728194]
75.: Rosal MC, Carbone ET, Goins KV. Use of cognitive interviewing to adapt measurement instruments for low-literate Hispanics. Diabetes Educ. 2003;29(6):1006–17. [PubMed: 14692374]
76.: Kaufman DR, Patel VL, Hilliman C, et al. Usability in the real world: assessing medical information technologies in patients' homes. J Biomed Inform. 2003;36(1-2):45–60. [PubMed: 14552846]
77.: T'Ang J, Chan C, Chan NF, Ng CB, Tse K, Lau L. A survey of elderly diabetic patients attending a community clinic in Hong Kong. Patient Educ Couns. 1999;36(3):259–70. [PubMed: 14528561]
78.: Dutta-Bergman M. Trusted online sources of health information: differences in demographics, health beliefs, and health-information orientation. J Med Internet Res. 2003;5(3):e21. [PMC free article: PMC1550562] [PubMed: 14517112]
79.: Brownhill S, Wilhelm K, Eliovson G, Waterhouse M. ‘For men only’. A mental health prompt list in primary care. Aust Fam Physician. 2003;32(6):443–50. [PubMed: 12833772]
80.: Adelsward V, Sachs L. The meaning of 6.8: numeracy and normality in health information talks. Soc Sci Med. 1996;43(8):1179–87. [PubMed: 8903121]
81.: Birtwistle GE, Brodie DA. Children's attitudes towards activity and perceptions of physical education. Health Educ Res. 1991;6(4):465–78. [PubMed: 10148703]
82.: Adams A, Duffield C. The value of drills in developing and maintaining numeracy skills in an undergraduate nursing programme. Nurse Educ Today. 1991;11(3):213–9. [PubMed: 2062280]
83.: Echeverry DM, Dike MR, Washington C, Davidson MB. The impact of using a low-literacy patient education tool on process measures of diabetes care in a minority population. J Natl Med Assoc. 2003;95(11):1074–81. [PMC free article: PMC2594690] [PubMed: 14651374]
84.: Estape T, Estape J, Grau JJ, Ferrer C. Cancer knowledge among Spanish women participating in literacy schemes. Psychooncology. 2003;12(2):194–7. [PubMed: 12619151]
85.: Familoni OB, Ariba AJ. Ability of Nigerian hypertensive patients to perceive changes in their blood pressure. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2003;14(4):195–8. [PubMed: 14532961]
86.: Gathwala G, Yadav OP, Sangwan K, Singh I, Yadav J. A study on plasma selenium level among pregnant women at Rohtak, Haryana. Indian J Public Health. 2003;47(2):45–8. [PubMed: 15129852]
87.: Hahn EA, Cellal D, Dobrez DG, et al. Quality of life assessment for low literacy Latinos: a new multimedia program for self-administration. J Oncol Manag. 2003;12(5):9–12. [PubMed: 14619989]
88.: Jacobs SK, Rosenfeld P, Haber J. Information literacy as the foundation for evidence-based practice in graduate nursing education: a curriculum-integrated approach. J Prof Nurs. 2003;19(5):320–8. [PubMed: 14613072]
89.: Moore D, Castillo E, Richardson C, Reid RJ. Determinants of health status and the influence of primary health care services in Latin America, 1990-98. Int J Health Plann Manage. 2003;18(4):279–92. [PubMed: 14727708]
90.: Nirmalan PK, Padmavathi A, Thulasiraj RD. Sex inequalities in cataract blindness burden and surgical services in south India. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87(7):847–9. [PMC free article: PMC1771766] [PubMed: 12812882]
91.: Nisar N, White F. Factors affecting utilization of antenatal care among reproductive age group women (15-49 years) in an urban squatter settlement of Karachi. J Pak Med Assoc. 2003;53(2):47–53. [PubMed: 12705483]
92.: Nour A. Breast-conserving therapy in low-literacy patients in a developing country. Breast J. 2003;9(2):71–3. [PubMed: 12603377]
93.: Shah N. Gender issues and oral health in elderly Indians. Int Dent J. 2003;53(6):475–84. [PubMed: 14725376]
94.: Sudha G, Nirupa C, Rajasakthivel M, et al. Factors influencing the care-seeking behaviour of chest symptomatics: a community-based study involving rural and urban population in Tamil Nadu, South India. Trop Med Int Health. 2003;8(4):336–41. [PubMed: 12667153]
95.: Thomas DM, Ray SM, Morton FJ, et al. Patient education strategies to improve pneumococcal vaccination rates: randomized trial. J Investig Med. 2003;51(3):141–8. [PubMed: 12769196]
96.: Wade TD, Davidson S, O'Dea JA. A preliminary controlled evaluation of a school-based media literacy program and self-esteem program for reducing eating disorder risk factors. Int J Eat Disord. 2003;33(4):371–83. discussion 384-7. [PubMed: 12658666]
97.: Wilson FL, Williams BN. Assessing the readability of skin care and pressure ulcer patient education materials. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2003;30(4):224–30. [PubMed: 12851598]
98.: Wilson HR. Hepatitis B and you: a patient education resource for pregnant women and new mothers. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2003;12(5):437–41. [PubMed: 12869290]
99.: Woods PS, Wynne HJ, Ploeger HW, Leonard DK. Path analysis of subsistence farmers' use of veterinary services in Zimbabwe. Prev Vet Med. 2003;61(4):339–58. [PubMed: 14623416]
100.: Xu G, Meyer JS, Huang Y, Du F, Chowdhury M, Quach M. Adapting mini-mental state examination for dementia screening among illiterate or minimally educated elderly Chinese. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2003;18(7):609–16. [PubMed: 12833305]
101.: Ziemer DC, Berkowitz KJ, Panayioto RM, et al. A simple meal plan emphasizing healthy food choices is as effective as an exchange-based meal plan for urban African Americans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(6):1719–24. [PubMed: 12766100]
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232.: Pieper B, Sieggreen M, Nordstrom CK, et al. Discharge knowledge and concerns of patients going home with a wound. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2007;34(3):245–53. quiz 254-5. [PubMed: 17505242]
233.: Rathore M, Vyas L, Bhardwaj AK. Prevalence of reproductive tract infections amongst ever married women and sociocultural factors associated with it. J Indian Med Assoc. 2007;105(2):71–2. 74, 78. [PubMed: 17822170]
234.: Reyes-Ortiz CA, Camacho ME, Amador LF, Velez LF, Ottenbacher KJ, Markides KS. The impact of education and literacy levels on cancer screening among older Latin American and Caribbean adults. Cancer Control. 2007;14(4):388–95. [PubMed: 17914339]
235.: Saha SK, Bag T, De Aloke K, Basak S, Chhetri A, Banerjee J. Contraceptive practice of the tribal women in tea garden area of North Bengal. J Indian Med Assoc. 2007;105(8):440, 442, 448. [PubMed: 18236906]
236.: Seligman HK, Wallace AS, DeWalt DA, et al. Facilitating behavior change with low-literacy patient education materials. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31 1:S69–78. [PMC free article: PMC4286315] [PubMed: 17931139]
237.: Sharma P, Sharma BC, Puri V, Sarin SK. Critical flicker frequency: diagnostic tool for minimal hepatic encephalopathy. J Hepatol. 2007;47(1):67–73. [PubMed: 17459511]
238.: Sur D, Ali M, von Seidlein L, et al. Comparisons of predictors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Kolkata, India. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:289. [PMC free article: PMC2099435] [PubMed: 17935611]
239.: Trinder VM, Fleet GE, Gray AE. Evaluating the impact of library user training programmes across Thames Valley Strategic Health Authority in the UK. Health Info Libr J. 2007;24(1):34–40. [PubMed: 17331142]
240.: Ackerson LK, Kawachi I, Barbeau EM, Subramanian SV. Effects of individual and proximate educational context on intimate partner violence: a population-based study of women in India. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(3):507–14. [PMC free article: PMC2253590] [PubMed: 18235066]
241.: Afolabi AO. Factors influencing the pattern of self-medication in an adult Nigerian population. Ann Afr Med. 2008;7(3):120–7. [PubMed: 19253521]
242.: Bateson K, Delaney J, Pybus R. Meeting expectations: the pilot evaluation of the Solihull Approach Parenting Group. Community Pract. 2008;81(5):28–31. [PubMed: 18549120]
243.: Bawdekar M, Ladusingh L. Contextual correlates of child malnutrition in rural Maharashtra. J Biosoc Sci. 2008;40(5):771–86. [PubMed: 18241523]
244.: Bharati S, Pal M, Bharati P. Determinants of nutritional status of pre-school children in India. J Biosoc Sci. 2008;40(6):801–14. [PubMed: 18442431]
245.: Blanch DC, Rudd RE, Wright E, Gall V, Katz JN. Predictors of refusal during a multi-step recruitment process for a randomized controlled trial of arthritis education. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(2):280–5. [PMC free article: PMC3253015] [PubMed: 18715740]
246.: Carcaise-Edinboro P, McClish D, Kracen AC, Bowen D, Fries E. Fruit and vegetable dietary behavior in response to a low-intensity dietary intervention: the rural physician cancer prevention project. J Rural Health. 2008;24(3):299–305. [PubMed: 18643808]
247.: Daniel AB, Nagaraj K, Kamath R. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a highly literate rural community in southern India. Natl Med J India. 2008;21(4):163–5. [PubMed: 19267035]
248.: Franks-Meeks S. Nurses and computer competency. J Nurses Staff Dev. 2008;24(5):248–51. [PubMed: 18838908]
249.: Friedman DB, Tanwar M, Richter JV. Evaluation of online disaster and emergency preparedness resources. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2008;23(5):438–46. [PubMed: 19189613]
250.: Ganesh B, Talole SD, Dikshit R, Badwe RA, Dinshaw KA. Estimation of survival rates of breast cancer patients--a hospital-based study from Mumbai. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2008;9(1):53–7. [PubMed: 18439074]
251.: Geller BM, Skelly JM, Dorwaldt AL, Howe KD, Dana GS, Flynn BS. Increasing patient/physician communications about colorectal cancer screening in rural primary care practices. Med Care. 2008;46(9 Suppl 1):S36–43. [PMC free article: PMC2771619] [PubMed: 18725831]
252.: Gupta M, Thakur JS, Kumar R. Reproductive and child health inequities in Chandigarh Union Territory of India. J Urban Health. 2008;85(2):291–9. [PMC free article: PMC2430117] [PubMed: 18197478]
253.: Hanck SE, Blankenship KM, Irwin KS, West BS, Kershaw T. Assessment of self-reported sexual behavior and condom use among female sex workers in India using a polling box approach: a preliminary report. Sex Transm Dis. 2008;35(5):489–94. [PubMed: 18356771]
254.: Ito KE, Kalyanaraman S, Ford CA, Brown JD, Miller WC. “Let's Talk About Sex”: pilot study of an interactive CD-ROM to prevent HIV/STIS in female adolescents. AIDS Educ Prev. 2008;20(1):78–89. [PubMed: 18312069]
255.: Johnson RM, Smith P, Strauss EJ, Higgins A, Jensen DR, Weiss BD. Breast cancer screening in an adult literacy program. Alaska Med. 2008;49(4):126–30. [PubMed: 18491805]
256.: Kind T, Wallace J, Moon RY. The digital divide: a comparison of online consumer health information for African-American and general audiences. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100(11):1333–40. [PubMed: 19024231]
257.: Maharajah KR, Tet CM, Yaacob A, Tajudin LS, Foster PJ. Modified Bahasa Malaysia version of VF-14 questionnaire: assessing the impact of glaucoma in rural area of Malaysia. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2008;36(3):222–31. [PubMed: 18412590]
258.: Mahavarkar SH, Madhu CK, Mule VD. A comparative study of teenage pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;28(6):604–7. [PubMed: 19003655]
259.: Manesh AO, Sheldon TA, Pickett KE, Carr-Hill R. Accuracy of child morbidity data in demographic and health surveys. Int J Epidemiol. 2008;37(1):194–200. [PubMed: 17911149]
260.: Mayhew M, Hansen PM, Peters DH, et al. Determinants of skilled birth attendant utilization in Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(10):1849–56. [PMC free article: PMC2636465] [PubMed: 18703445]
261.: Minnies D, Hawkridge T, Hanekom W, Ehrlich R, London L, Hussey G. Evaluation of the quality of informed consent in a vaccine field trial in a developing country setting. BMC Med Ethics. 2008;9:15. [PMC free article: PMC2575196] [PubMed: 18826637]
262.: Moestue H, Huttly S. Adult education and child nutrition: the role of family and community. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62(2):153–9. [PubMed: 18192604]
263.: Nations MK, Calvasina PG, Martin MN, Dias HF. Cultural significance of primary teeth for caregivers in Northeast Brazil. Cad Saude Publica. 2008;24(4):800–8. [PubMed: 18392357]
264.: Olson R, Sabogal F, Perez A. Viva la Vida: helping Latino Medicare beneficiaries with diabetes live their lives to the fullest. Am J Public Health. 2008;98(2):205–8. [PMC free article: PMC2376899] [PubMed: 18172150]
265.: Rathbun A, Thornton LA, Fox JE. Are our investments paying off?: a study of reading level and bereavement materials. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2008;25(4):278–81. [PubMed: 18463410]
266.: Rawl R, Kolasa KM, Lee J, Whetstone LM. A learn and serve nutrition program: the Food Literacy Partners Program. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2008;40(1):49–51. [PubMed: 18174105]
267.: Rother HA. South African farm workers' interpretation of risk assessment data expressed as pictograms on pesticide labels. Environ Res. 2008;108(3):419–27. [PubMed: 18755451]
268.: Sam KG, Andrade HH, Pradhan L, et al. Effectiveness of an educational program to promote pesticide safety among pesticide handlers of South India. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2008;81(6):787–95. [PubMed: 17962973]
269.: Santos JN, Lemos SM, Rates SP, Lamounier JA. Hearing abilities and language development in anemic children of a public daycare center. Pro Fono. 2008;20(4):255–60. [PubMed: 19142469]
270.: Saroha E, Altarac M, Sibley LM. Caste and maternal health care service use among rural Hindu women in Maitha, Uttar Pradesh, India. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2008;53(5):e41–7. [PubMed: 18761290]
271.: Schnitzer MI, Kaplin DB, Keane VA, Zuckerman B, Sharfstein JM. Giving literacy a shot in the arm. Public Health Rep. 2008;123(4):523–6. [PMC free article: PMC2430649] [PubMed: 18763415]
272.: Schooling CM, Jiang CQ, Heys M, et al. Are height and leg length universal markers of childhood conditions? The Guangzhou Biobank cohort study. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62(7):607–14. [PubMed: 18559443]
273.: Shahraki M, Shahraki T, Ansari H. The effects of socio-economic status on BMI, waist:hip ratio and waist circumference in a group of Iranian women. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(7):757–61. [PubMed: 18194587]
274.: Shieh C, Hosei B. Printed health information materials: evaluation of readability and suitability. J Community Health Nurs. 2008;25(2):73–90. [PubMed: 18449833]
275.: Smith SK, Trevena L, Nutbeam D, Barratt A, McCaffery KJ. Information needs and preferences of low and high literacy consumers for decisions about colorectal cancer screening: utilizing a linguistic model. Health Expect. 2008;11(2):123–36. [PMC free article: PMC5060436] [PubMed: 18494957]
276.: Thompson BW, Skiba DJ. Informatics in the nursing curriculum: a national survey of nursing informatics requirements in nursing curricula. Nurs Educ Perspect. 2008;29(5):312–7. [PubMed: 18834062]
277.: Usta MB, Mitchell EM, Gebreselassie H, Brookman-Amissah E, Kwizera A. Who is excluded when abortion access is restricted to twelve weeks? Evidence from Maputo, Mozambique. Reprod Health Matters. 2008;16(31 Suppl):14–7. [PubMed: 18772079]
278.: Van Winghem J, Telfer B, Reid T, et al. Implementation of a comprehensive program including psychosocial and treatment literacy activities to improve adherence to HIV care and treatment for a pediatric population in Kenya. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:52. [PMC free article: PMC2613143] [PubMed: 19025581]
279.: Vikram BK, Khaja N, Udayashankar SG, Venkatesha BK, Manjunath D. Clinico-epidemiological study of complicated and uncomplicated chronic suppurative otitis media. J Laryngol Otol. 2008;122(5):442–6. [PubMed: 17666139]
280.: Hejaili FF, Assad L, Shaheen FA, et al. Culture-related service expectations: a comparative study using the Kano model. Qual Manag Health Care. 2009;18(1):48–58. [PubMed: 19148029]
281.: Merriam PA, Tellez TL, Rosal MC, et al. Methodology of a diabetes prevention translational research project utilizing a community-academic partnership for implementation in an underserved Latino community. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009;9:20. [PMC free article: PMC2662878] [PubMed: 19284663]
282.: Tokuda Y, Doba N, Butler JP, Paasche-Orlow MK. Health literacy and physical and psychological wellbeing in Japanese adults. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(3):411–7. [PubMed: 19403259]
283.: Bautista RE, Glen ET, Shetty NK, Wludyka P. The association between health literacy and outcomes of care among epilepsy patients. Seizure. 2009;18(6):400–4. [PubMed: 19324575]
284.: Cormier CM, Kotrlik JW. Health literacy knowledge and experiences of senior baccalaureate nursing students. J Nurs Educ. 2009;48(5):237–48. [PubMed: 19476028]
285.: Pollard RQ, Dean RK, O'Hearn A, Haynes SL. Adapting health education material for deaf audiences. Rehabil Psychol. 2009;54(2):232–8. [PubMed: 19469615]
286.: Herman A, Young KD, Espitia D, Fu N, Farshidi A. Impact of a health literacy intervention on pediatric emergency department use. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2009;25(7):434–8. [PubMed: 19564810]
287.: Lewis CL, Pignone MP, Sheridan SL, Downs SM, Kinsinger LS. A randomized trial of three videos that differ in the framing of information about mammography in women 40 to 49 years old. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(11):875–83. [PMC free article: PMC1494949] [PubMed: 14687272]
288.: Aikens JE, Piette JD. Diabetic patients' medication underuse, illness outcomes, and beliefs about antihyperglycemic and antihypertensive treatments. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(1):19–24. [PMC free article: PMC2606823] [PubMed: 18852334]
289.: Wouters E, Van Damme W, Van Loon F, van Rensburg D, Meulemans H. Public-sector ART in the Free State Province, South Africa: community support as an important determinant of outcome. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(8):1177–85. [PubMed: 19692165]
290.: Shrank WH, Patrick A, Gleason PP, et al. An evaluation of the relationship between the implementation of a newly designed prescription drug label at Target pharmacies and health outcomes. Med Care. 2009;47(9):1031–5. [PMC free article: PMC2873616] [PubMed: 19648829]
291.: Hess J, Whelan JS. Making health literacy real: adult literacy and medical students teach each other. J Med Libr Assoc. 2009;97(3):221–4. [PMC free article: PMC2706439] [PubMed: 19626149]
292.: Long AF. The potential of complementary and alternative medicine in promoting well-being and critical health literacy: a prospective, observational study of shiatsu. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2009;9:19. [PMC free article: PMC2706798] [PubMed: 19538728]
293.: Kagawa-Singer M, Tanjasiri SP, Valdez A, Yu H, Foo MA. Outcomes of a breast health project for Hmong women and men in California. Am J Public Health. 2009;99 2:S467–73. [PMC free article: PMC4504377] [PubMed: 19443830]
294.: Moore M, Bias RG, Prentice K, Fletcher R, Vaughn T. Web usability testing with a Hispanic medically underserved population. J Med Libr Assoc. 2009;97(2):114–21. [PMC free article: PMC2670225] [PubMed: 19404502]
295.: Brumby SA, Willder SJ, Martin J. The sustainable farm families project: changing attitudes to health. Rural Remote Health. 2009;9(1):1012. [PubMed: 19292570]
296.: Barnholtz-Sloan J, Patel N, Rollison D, Kortepeter K, MacKinnon J, Giuliano A. Incidence trends of invasive cervical cancer in the United States by combined race and ethnicity. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20(7):1129–38. [PubMed: 19253025]
297.: Hossain D, Gorman D, Eley R, Coutts J. Farm Advisors' reflections on Mental Health First Aid training. Australian e Journal for the Advancement of Mental Health. 2009;8(1):1–7.
298.: Hoffman-Goetz L, Meissner HI, Thomson MD. Literacy and cancer anxiety as predictors of health status: An exploratory study. Journal of Cancer Education. 2009;24(3):218–224. [PubMed: 19526411]
299.: Han HR, Lee H, Kim MT, Kim KB. Tailored lay health worker intervention improves breast cancer screening outcomes in nonadherent Korean-American women. Health Education Research. 2009;24(2):318–329. [PMC free article: PMC2654061] [PubMed: 18463411]
300.: Dwamena FC, Mavis B, Holmes-Rovner M, Walsh KB, Loyson AC. Teaching medical interviewing to patients: The other side of the encounter. Patient Education and Counseling. 2009;76(3):380–384. [PubMed: 19674860]
301.: Liu Cj, Kemper S, McDowd J. The use of illustration to improve older adultsâ€™ comprehension of health-related information: Is it helpful? Patient Education and Counseling. 2009;76(2):283–288. [PubMed: 19286343]
302.: Alati R, Gunnell D, Najman J, Williams G, Lawlor D. Is IQ in childhood associated with suicidal thoughts and attempts? Findings from the Mater University study of pregnancy and its outcomes. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior. 2009;39(3):282–93. [PubMed: 19606920]
303.: Saha S, Barnett AG, Foldi C, et al. Advanced paternal age is associated with impaired neurocognitive outcomes during infancy and childhood. PLoS Med. 2009;6(3):e40. [PMC free article: PMC2653549] [PubMed: 19278291]
304.: Preston AS, Heaton SC, McCann SJ, Watson WD, Selke G. The role of multidimensional attentional abilities in academic skills of children with ADHD. J Learn Disabil. 2009;42(3):240–9. [PubMed: 19264927]
305.: Banerjee D, Perry M, Tran D, Arafat R. Self-reported health, functional status and chronic disease in community dwelling older adults: untangling the role of demographics. J Community Health. 2010;35(2):135–41. [PubMed: 20033835]
306.: Guerrero AD, Chen J, Inkelas M, Rodriguez HP, Ortega AN. Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric experiences of family-centered care. Med Care. 2010;48(4):388–93. [PMC free article: PMC7412580] [PubMed: 20220533]
307.: Mausbach BT, Harvey PD, Pulver AE, et al. Relationship of the Brief UCSD Performance-based Skills Assessment (UPSA-B) to multiple indicators of functioning in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2010;12(1):45–55. [PMC free article: PMC2846793] [PubMed: 20148866]
308.: Mabiso A, Williams KP, Todem D, Templin TN. Longitudinal analysis of domain-level breast cancer literacy among African-American women. Health Educ Res. 2010;25(1):151–61. [PubMed: 19861639]
309.: Nair EL, Cienkowski KM. The impact of health literacy on patient understanding of counseling and education materials. Int J Audiol. 2010;49(2):71–5. [PubMed: 20151879]
310.: Lewis N, Gray SW, Freres DR, Hornik RC. Examining cross-source engagement with cancer-related information and its impact on doctor-patient relations. Health Commun. 2009;24(8):723–34. [PMC free article: PMC2950967] [PubMed: 20183381]
311.: Tawil I, Marinaro J, Brown LH. Development and validation of a tool for assessing understanding of brain death. Prog Transplant. 2009;19(3):272–6. [PubMed: 19813491]
312.: Schulz PJ, Rubinelli S, Mariotti G, Keller N. Meeting the ranging of informational needs of chronic low back pain sufferers: conceptual design and rationale of the interactive website ONESELF. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(25):2118–24. [PubMed: 19888842]
313.: Samal L, Yeh HC, Gary-Webb TL, Jackson CL, Brancati FL. Computer and internet use of urban african americans with type 2 diabetes in relation to glycemic control, emergency department use, diabetes-related knowledge, and health literacy. Diabetes care. 2010;(1):e9. [PMC free article: PMC3971418] [PubMed: 20040672]
314.: Rana AK, Wahlin A, Lundborg CS, Kabir ZN. Impact of health education on health-related quality of life among elderly persons: results from a community-based intervention study in rural Bangladesh. Health promotion international. 2009;(1):36–45. [PubMed: 19136677]
315.: Cohan D, Gomez E, Greenberg M, Washington S, Charlebois ED. Patient perspectives with abbreviated versus standard pre-test HIV counseling in the prenatal setting: a randomized-controlled, non-inferiority trial. PloS one. 2009;(4):e5166. [PMC free article: PMC2666158] [PubMed: 19367335]
316.: Murthy GV, Vashist P, John N, Pokharel G, Ellwein LB. Prevalence and vision-related outcomes of cataract surgery in Gujarat, India. Ophthalmic epidemiology. 2009;(6):400–9. [PMC free article: PMC6029937] [PubMed: 19995206]
317.: Lee JP, Battle RS, Lipton R, Soller B. ‘Smoking’: Use of cigarettes, cigars and blunts among Southeast Asian American youth and young adults. Health education research. 2010;25(1):83–96. [PMC free article: PMC2805404] [PubMed: 19959564]
318.: Lohse B, Rifkin R, Krall JS. Digital photo receivers deliver herbal education for low-income persons. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2009;41(6):438–440. [PubMed: 19879502]
319.: Angner E, Miller MJ, Ray MN, Saag KG, Allison JJ. Health literacy and happiness: A community-based study. Social Indicators Research. 2010;95(2):325–338.
320.: Halbert CH, Kumanyika S, Bowman M, et al. Participation rates and representativeness of African Americans recruited to a health promotion program. Health education research. 2010;25(1):6–13. [PMC free article: PMC2805403] [PubMed: 19875730]
321.: Huang YW, Hung CH. The effect of health education through the internet on university female students hepatitis B knowledge and cognition. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009;18(23):3342–3348. [PubMed: 19732240]

Studies with no health outcomes (ie. descriptive only or have outcomes like likability, satisfaction)

1.: Baker LM, Wilson FL, Winebarger A. An exploratory study of the health problems, stigmatization, life satisfaction, and literacy skills of urban, street-level sex workers. Women Health. 2004;39(2):83–96. [PubMed: 15130863]
2.: Magasi S, Durkin E, Wolf MS, Deutsch A. Rehabilitation consumers' use and understanding of quality information: a health literacy perspective. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90(2):206–12. [PubMed: 19236975]
3.: Varkey AB, Manwell LB, Williams ES, et al. Separate and unequal: clinics where minority and nonminority patients receive primary care. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(3):243–50. [PubMed: 19204215]
4.: Pickard AS, Lin HW, Knight SJ, et al. Proxy assessment of health-related quality of life in african american and white respondents with prostate cancer: perspective matters. Med Care. 2009;47(2):176–83. [PMC free article: PMC3215256] [PubMed: 19169118]
5.: Glasgow RE, Gaglio B, Estabrooks PA, et al. Long-term results of a smoking reduction program. Med Care. 2009;47(1):115–20. [PubMed: 19106739]
6.: Neafsey PJ, Anderson E, Peabody S, Lin CA, Strickler Z, Vaughn K. Beta testing of a network-based health literacy program tailored for older adults with hypertension. Comput Inform Nurs. 2008;26(6):311–9. [PMC free article: PMC3655693] [PubMed: 19047879]
7.: Roth MT, Moore CG, Ivey JL, Esserman DA, Campbell WH, Weinberger M. The quality of medication use in older adults: methods of a longitudinal study. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother. 2008;6(4):220–33. [PMC free article: PMC2672424] [PubMed: 19028378]
8.: Glasgow RE, Estabrooks PA, Marcus AC, et al. Evaluating initial reach and robustness of a practical randomized trial of smoking reduction. Health Psychol. 2008;27(6):780–8. [PubMed: 19025274]
9.: Brice JH, Travers D, Cowden CS, Young MD, Sanhueza A, Dunston Y. Health literacy among Spanish-speaking patients in the emergency department. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100(11):1326–32. [PubMed: 19024230]
10.: Downey LV, Zun LS. Assessing adult health literacy in urban healthcare settings. J Natl Med Assoc. 2008;100(11):1304–8. [PubMed: 19024227]
11.: Miller MJ, Abrams MA, McClintock B, et al. Promoting health communication between the community-dwelling well-elderly and pharmacists: the Ask Me 3 program. J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008;48(6):784–92. [PubMed: 19019809]
12.: Clark DO, Frankel RM, Morgan DL, et al. The meaning and significance of self-management among socioeconomically vulnerable older adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2008;63(5):S312–9. [PMC free article: PMC2633926] [PubMed: 18818452]
13.: Hawley ST, Janz NK, Hamilton A, et al. Latina patient perspectives about informed treatment decision making for breast cancer. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(2):363–70. [PMC free article: PMC3603851] [PubMed: 18786799]
14.: Iosifescu A, Halm EA, McGinn T, Siu AL, Federman AD. Beliefs about generic drugs among elderly adults in hospital-based primary care practices. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(2):377–83. [PMC free article: PMC2739237] [PubMed: 18706784]
15.: Ibrahim SY, Reid F, Shaw A, et al. Validation of a health literacy screening tool (REALM) in a UK population with coronary heart disease. J Public Health (Oxf). 2008;30(4):449–55. [PubMed: 18660507]
16.: Webb J, Davis TC, Bernadella P, et al. Patient-centered approach for improving prescription drug warning labels. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;72(3):443–9. [PubMed: 18644691]
17.: Ryan EL, Byrd D, Mindt MR, Rausch WJ, Morgello S. Understanding the neuropsychological profile of HIV+ participants with low literacy: role of the General Ability Measure for Adults (GAMA). Clin Neuropsychol. 2008;22(6):1018–34. [PMC free article: PMC2696226] [PubMed: 18609327]
18.: Volandes AE, Paasche-Orlow M, Gillick MR, et al. Health literacy not race predicts end-of-life care preferences. J Palliat Med. 2008;11(5):754–62. [PubMed: 18588408]
19.: Shea JA, Guerra CE, Weiner J, Aguirre AC, Ravenell KL, Asch DA. Adapting a patient satisfaction instrument for low literate and Spanish-speaking populations: comparison of three formats. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;73(1):132–40. [PubMed: 18486414]
20.: Ginde AA, Clark S, Goldstein JN, Camargo CA Jr. Demographic disparities in numeracy among emergency department patients: evidence from two multicenter studies. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;72(2):350–6. [PubMed: 18462915]
21.: Lehna C, McNeil J. Mixed-methods exploration of parents' health information understanding. Clin Nurs Res. 2008;17(2):133–44. [PubMed: 18387884]
22.: Wilson FL, Baker LM, Nordstrom CK, Legwand C. Using the teach-back and Orem's Self-care Deficit Nursing theory to increase childhood immunization communication among low-income mothers. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2008;31(1):7–22. [PubMed: 18300059]
23.: Ishikawa H, Takeuchi T, Yano E. Measuring functional, communicative, and critical health literacy among diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(5):874–9. [PubMed: 18299446]
24.: Pleasant A, Kuruvilla S. A tale of two health literacies: public health and clinical approaches to health literacy. Health Promot Int. 2008;23(2):152–9. [PubMed: 18223203]
25.: Williams KP, Mullan PB, Fletcher F. Working with African American women to develop a cancer literacy assessment tool. J Cancer Educ. 2007;22(4):241–4. [PubMed: 18067436]
26.: Kelly KM, Graves KD, Harper FW, Schmidt JE, Dickinson SL, Andrykowski MA. Assessing perceptions of cancer risk: does mode of assessment or numeracy matter? Cancer Detect Prev. 2007;31(6):465–73. [PubMed: 18061368]
27.: Mayben JK, Giordano TP. Internet use among low-income persons recently diagnosed with HIV infection. AIDS Care. 2007;19(9):1182–7. [PubMed: 18058404]
28.: Young HK, Barton BA, Waisbren S, et al. Cognitive and psychological profile of males with Becker muscular dystrophy. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(2):155–62. [PubMed: 18056690]
29.: Sarkar U, Piette JD, Gonzales R, et al. Preferences for self-management support: findings from a survey of diabetes patients in safety-net health systems. Patient Educ Couns. 2008;70(1):102–10. [PMC free article: PMC2745943] [PubMed: 17997264]
30.: Castro CM, Wilson C, Wang F, Schillinger D. Babel babble: physicians' use of unclarified medical jargon with patients. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31 1:S85–95. [PubMed: 17931142]
31.: Osborn CY, Weiss BD, Davis TC, et al. Measuring adult literacy in health care: performance of the newest vital sign. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31 1:S36–46. [PubMed: 17931135]
32.: Donelle L, Hoffman-Goetz L, Arocha JF. Assessing health numeracy among community-dwelling older adults. J Health Commun. 2007;12(7):651–65. [PubMed: 17934942]
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164.: Carvalho Sde A, Barreto SM, Guerra HL, Gama AC. Oral language comprehension assessment among elderly: a population based study in Brazil. Prev Med. 2009;49(6):541–5. [PubMed: 19800364]
165.: Pizur-Barnekow K, Doering J, Cashin S, Patrick T, Rhyner P. Functional health literacy and mental health in urban and rural mothers of children enrolled in early intervention programs. Infants & Young Children: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Special Care Practices. 2010;23(1):42–51.
166.: Khare MM, Huber R, Carpenter RA, et al. A lifestyle approach to reducing cardiovascular risk factors in underserved women: design and methods of the Illinois WISEWOMAN Program. Journal of women's health (2002). 2009;(3):409–19. [PubMed: 19281324]
167.: DeWalt DA, Broucksou KA, Hawk V, et al. Comparison of a one-time educational intervention to a teach-to-goal educational intervention for self-management of heart failure: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC health services research. 2009:99. [PMC free article: PMC2702288] [PubMed: 19519904]
168.: Rosal MC, White MJ, Restrepo A, et al. Design and methods for a randomized clinical trial of a diabetes self-management intervention for low-income Latinos: Latinos en Control. BMC medical research methodology. 2009:81. [PMC free article: PMC2800841] [PubMed: 20003208]
169.: Steckelberg A, Hülfenhaus C, Kasper J, Mühlhauser I. Ebm@school--a curriculum of critical health literacy for secondary school students: results of a pilot study. International journal of public health. 2009;(3):158–65. [PubMed: 19183847]

Studies examining normal reading development in children

1.: Malacova E, Li J, Blair E, Leonard H, de Klerk N, Stanley F. Association of birth outcomes and maternal, school, and neighborhood characteristics with subsequent numeracy achievement. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;168(1):21–9. [PubMed: 18417493]
2.: Li H, Barnhart HX, Stein AD, Martorell R. Effects of early childhood supplementation on the educational achievement of women. Pediatrics. 2003;112(5):1156–62. [PubMed: 14595062]
3.: Prior M, Smart D, Sanson A, Oberklaid F. Relationships between learning difficulties and psychological problems in preadolescent children from a longitudinal sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1999;38(4):429–36. [PubMed: 10199115]
4.: O'Callaghan FV, O'Callaghan M, Najman JM, Williams GM, Bor W. Prenatal alcohol exposure and attention, learning and intellectual ability at 14 years: a prospective longitudinal study. Early Hum Dev. 2007;83(2):115–23. [PubMed: 16842939]
5.: Grunau RE, Whitfield MF, Fay TB. Psychosocial and academic characteristics of extremely low birth weight (< or =800 g) adolescents who are free of major impairment compared with term-born control subjects. Pediatrics. 2004;114(6):e725–32. [PubMed: 15576337]
6.: Daley TC, Whaley SE, Sigman MD, Espinosa MP, Neumann C. IQ on the rise: the Flynn effect in rural Kenyan children. Psychol Sci. 2003;14(3):215–9. [PubMed: 12741743]

Studies about dyslexia

1.: Hetherington R, Dennis M, Barnes M, Drake J, Gentili F. Functional outcome in young adults with spina bifida and hydrocephalus. Childs Nerv Syst. 2006;22(2):117–24. [PubMed: 16170574]
2.: Llewellyn G, McConnell D, Honey A, Mayes R, Russo D. Promoting health and home safety for children of parents with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial. Res Dev Disabil. 2003;24(6):405–31. [PubMed: 14622893]

Studies answering KQ1 where literacy is measured (not numeracy) and the only study outcome is knowledge

1.: Kollipara UK, Jaffer O, Amin A, et al. Relation of lack of knowledge about dietary sodium to hospital readmission in patients with heart failure. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102(9):1212–5. [PubMed: 18940294]
2.: Hill-Briggs F, Renosky R, Lazo M, et al. Development and pilot evaluation of literacy-adapted diabetes and CVD education in urban, diabetic African Americans. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23(9):1491–4. [PMC free article: PMC2518002] [PubMed: 18521688]
3.: Fortner KB, Zite NB, Wallace LS. In my own words: misunderstanding of Pap smears and colposcopy among Appalachian women. J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2007;11(4):251–7. [PubMed: 17917569]
4.: Pollock JB, Jaffery JB. Knowledge of phosphorus compared with other nutrients in maintenance dialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2007;17(5):323–8. [PMC free article: PMC2025590] [PubMed: 17720101]
5.: Baker LM, Wilson FL, Nordstrom CK, Legwand C. Mothers' knowledge and information needs relating to childhood immunizations. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2007;30(1-2):39–53. [PubMed: 17613141]
6.: Cho RN, Plunkett BA, Wolf MS, Simon CE, Grobman WA. Health literacy and patient understanding of screening tests for aneuploidy and neural tube defects. Prenat Diagn. 2007;27(5):463–7. [PubMed: 17345585]
7.: Hicks G, Barragan M, Franco-Paredes C, Williams MV, del Rio C. Health literacy is a predictor of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Fam Med. 2006;38(10):717–23. [PubMed: 17075745]
8.: Davis TC, Wolf MS, Bass PF 3rd, et al. Low literacy impairs comprehension of prescription drug warning labels. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(8):847–51. [PMC free article: PMC1831578] [PubMed: 16881945]
9.: Dolan NC, Ferreira MR, Davis TC, et al. Colorectal cancer screening knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among veterans: does literacy make a difference? J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(13):2617–22. [PubMed: 15226329]
10.: Gazmararian JA, Williams MV, Peel J, Baker DW. Health literacy and knowledge of chronic disease. Patient Educ Couns. 2003;51(3):267–75. [PubMed: 14630383]
11.: Wilson FL, Racine E, Tekieli V, Williams B. Literacy, readability and cultural barriers: critical factors to consider when educating older African Americans about anticoagulation therapy. J Clin Nurs. 2003;12(2):275–82. [PubMed: 12603561]
12.: Kaphingst KA, Rudd RE, Dejong W, Daltroy LH. Comprehension of information in three direct-to-consumer television prescription drug advertisements among adults with limited literacy. J Health Commun. 2005;10(7):609–19. [PubMed: 16278198]
13.: Wolf MS, Davis TC, Arozullah A, et al. Relation between literacy and HIV treatment knowledge among patients on HAART regimens. AIDS Care. 2005;17(7):863–73. [PubMed: 16120503]
14.: Johnson TV, Goodman M, Master VA. The efficacy of written screening tools in an inner city hospital: literacy based limitations on patient access to appropriate care. J Urol. 2007;178(2):623–9. discussion 629. [PubMed: 17570427]
15.: Fang MC, Panguluri P, Machtinger EL, Schillinger D. Language, literacy, and characterization of stroke among patients taking warfarin for stroke prevention: Implications for health communication. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;75(3):403–10. [PMC free article: PMC2740646] [PubMed: 19171448]
16.: Huizinga MM, Carlisle AJ, Cavanaugh KL, et al. Literacy, numeracy, and portion-size estimation skills. Am J Prev Med. 2009;36(4):324–8. [PMC free article: PMC2692952] [PubMed: 19285197]
17.: Marks JR, Schectman JM, Groninger H, Plews-Ogan ML. The association of health literacy and socio-demographic factors with medication knowledge. Patient Education and Counseling. 2010;78(3):372–376. [PubMed: 19773144]

Studies in which the outcome is limited to dementia or cognitive impairment

1.: Manly JJ, Touradji P, Tang MX, Stern Y. Literacy and memory decline among ethnically diverse elders. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2003;25(5):680–90. [PubMed: 12815505]
2.: Martin RC, Annis SM, Darling LZ, Wadley V, Harrell L, Marson DC. Loss of calculation abilities in patients with mild and moderate Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(11):1585–9. [PubMed: 14623731]
3.: Mehta KM, Simonsick EM, Rooks R, et al. Black and white differences in cognitive function test scores: what explains the difference? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(12):2120–7. [PMC free article: PMC2939725] [PubMed: 15571554]
4.: Mehta KM, Stewart AL, Langa KM, et al. “Below average” self-assessed school performance and Alzheimer's disease in the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2009;5(5):380–7. [PMC free article: PMC2787515] [PubMed: 19751917]

Studies published in abstract form only

1.: Baird AD, Ford M, Podell K. Ethnic differences in functional and neuropsychological test performance in older adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2007;22(3):309–18. [PubMed: 17317093]

Ecological data only

1.: Anand S, Barnighausen T. Health workers and vaccination coverage in developing countries: an econometric analysis. Lancet. 2007;369(9569):1277–85. [PubMed: 17434403]
2.: Berhane Y, Wall S, Fantahun M, et al. A rural Ethiopian population undergoing epidemiological transition over a generation: Butajira from 1987 to 2004. Scand J Public Health. 2008;36(4):436–41. [PubMed: 18539699]
3.: Fantahun M, Berhane Y, Hogberg U, Wall S, Byass P. Young adult and middle age mortality in Butajira demographic surveillance site, Ethiopia: lifestyle, gender and household economy. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:268. [PMC free article: PMC2519081] [PubMed: 18671854]
4.: Li J, Luo C, de Klerk N. Trends in infant/child mortality and life expectancy in Indigenous populations in Yunnan Province, China. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(3):216–23. [PubMed: 18578818]
5.: Nwogu R, Larson JS, Kim MS. Reducing child mortality in Nigeria: a case study of immunization and systemic factors. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(1):161–4. [PubMed: 18420324]

Unable to obtain the article

1.: Osborne H. In other words… Building healthy literacy programs one step at a time. On Call. 2004;7(6):16–17.

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Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, et al. Health Literacy Interventions and Outcomes: An Updated Systematic Review. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2011 Mar. (Evidence Reports/Technology Assessments, No. 199.) Appendix H, Excluded Studies.
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SER only
Studies that do not measure literacy or health literacy
Studies with no health outcomes (ie. descriptive only or have outcomes like likability, satisfaction)
Studies examining normal reading development in children
Studies about dyslexia
Studies answering KQ1 where literacy is measured (not numeracy) and the only study outcome is knowledge
Studies in which the outcome is limited to dementia or cognitive impairment
Studies published in abstract form only
Ecological data only
Unable to obtain the article

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