Database: AltHealthWatch

S16.

S1 and S15

S15.

S2 or S3 or S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14

S14.

TI biofeedback or AB biofeedback

S13.

TI diaphragmatic breath* or AB diaphragmatic breath*

S12.

AB ( diaphragm* ) and AB ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S11.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S10.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S9.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( paced or pursed )

S8.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( paced or pursed )

S7.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( physiotherap* or physical therap* )

S6.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( physiotherap* or physical therap* )

S5.

TI Pranayama or AB Pranayama

S4.

TI Buteyko or AB Buteyko

S3.

TI yogic OR AB yogic

S2.

TI yoga OR AB yoga

S1.

TI asthma* or AB asthma*

Database: CINAHL

S27.

S3 and S25 Limiters - Published Date from: 19900101-20120625

S26.

S3 and S25

S25.

S4 or S5 or S6 or S7 or S8 or S9 or S10 or S11 or S12 or S13 or S14 or S15 or S16 or S17 or S18 or S19 or S20 or S21 or S22 or S23 or S24

S24.

TI biofeedback or AB biofeedback

S23.

(MH “Biofeedback”) OR (MH “Biofeedback (Iowa NIC)”)

S22.

TI diaphragmatic breath* or AB diaphragmatic breath*

S21.

TI diaphragm* and TI ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S20.

AB diaphragm* and AB ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S19.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S18.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( exercise* or training or retraining or pattern* or technique* )

S17.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( paced or pursed )

S16.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( paced or pursed )

S15.

AB ( breath* or respirat* ) and AB ( physiotherap* or physical therap* )

S14.

TI ( breath* or respirat* ) and TI ( physiotherap* or physical therap* )

S13.

TI “expiratory muscle training” or AB “expiratory muscle training”

S12.

TI “inspiratory muscle training” or AB “inspiratory muscle training”

S11.

TI Papworth or AB Papworth

S10.

TI Pranayama or AB Pranayama

S9.

TI Buteyko or AB Buteyko

S8.

TI yogic or AB yogic

S7.

TI yoga or AB yoga

S6.

(MH “Yoga”) OR (MH “Yoga Pose”)

S5.

(MH “Breathing Exercises (Saba CCC)”)

S4.

(MH “Breathing Exercises”) OR (MH “Buteyko Method”)

S3.

s1 or s2

S2.

TI asthma* or AB asthma*

S1.

(MH “Asthma”) OR (MH “Asthma, Exercise-Induced”) OR (MH “Status Asthmaticus”)

Database: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials

#1.

asthma*:ti,ab,kw

#2.

“breathing exercises”:ti,ab,kw

#3.

yoga:ti,ab,kw

#4.

yogic:ti,ab,kw

#5.

Buteyko:ti,ab,kw

#6.

Pranayama:ti,ab,kw

#7.

Papworth:ti,ab,kw

#8.

“inspiratory muscle training”:ti,ab,kw

#9.

“expiratory muscle training”:ti,ab,kw

#10.

breath*:ti or respirat*:ti

#11.

physiotherap*:ti or physical therap*:ti

#12.

(#10 AND #11)

#13.

breath*:ab or respirat*:ab

#14.

physiotherap*:ab or physical therap*:ab

#15.

(#13 AND #14)

#16.

paced:ti,ab or pursed:ti,ab

#17.

(( #11 OR #14 ) AND #16)

#18.

exercise*:ti or training:ti or retraining:ti or pattern*:ti or technique*:ti

#19.

(#10 AND #18)

#20.

exercise*:ab or training:ab or retraining:ab or pattern*:ab or technique*:ab

#21.

(#13 AND #20)

#22.

diaphragm*:ti,ab

#23.

(#22 AND ( #18 OR #20 ))

#24.

diaphragmatic next breath*

#25.

biofeedback:ti,ab,kw

#26.

(#2 OR #3 OR #4 OR #5 OR #6 OR #7 OR #8 OR #9 OR #12 OR #15 OR #17 OR #19 OR #21 OR #23 OR #24 OR #25)

#27.

(#1 AND #26), from 1990 to 2012

Database: CSA

• KW=asthma AND KW=(Buteyko OR Pranayama OR Papworth OR yoga OR yogic OR biofeedback OR “inspiratory muscle training” OR “expiratory muscle training” OR “breathing physical therapy” OR “breathing physiotherapy” OR paced OR pursed OR “breathing exercise*” OR “breathing training” OR “breathing retraining” OR “diaphragmatic breathing” OR “breathing technique*”)

Database: EMBASE <1988 to 2012 June 25>

1. asthma/ or allergic asthma/ or asthmatic state/ or exercise induced asthma/ or extrinsic asthma/ or intrinsic asthma/ or mild intermittent asthma/ or mild persistent asthma/ or moderate persistent asthma/ or nocturnal asthma/ or occupational asthma/ or severe persistent asthma/
2. asthma$.ti,ab.
3. 1 or 2
4. breathing exercise/
5. YOGA/
6. yoga.ti,ab.
7. yogic.ti,ab.
8. Buteyko.ti,ab.
9. Pranayama.ti,ab.
10. Papworth.ti,ab.
11. “inspiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
12. “expiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
13. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (physiotherap$ or physical therap$)).ti,ab.
14. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (paced or pursed)).ti,ab.
15. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
16. (diaphragm* and (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
17. diaphragmatic breath$.ti,ab.
18. feedback system/
19. biofeedback.ti,ab.
20. or/4-19
21. 3 and 20
22. limit 21 to yr=“1990 -Current”
23. limit 22 to english language

Database: IndMED

• asthma
• AND
• buteyko OR
• yoga OR
• yogic OR
• papworth OR
• pranayama OR
• biofeedback OR
• expiratory muscle training OR
• inspiratory muscle training OR
• breathing physical therapy OR
• breathing physiotherapy OR
• paced OR
• pursed OR
• breathing exercise OR
• breathing exercises OR
• breathing training OR
• breathing retraining OR
• diaphragm breathing OR
• breathing technique OR
• breathing techniques OR
• breathing pattern OR
• breathing patterns

Database: Ovid MEDLINE(R)

1. asthma/ or asthma, exercise-induced/ or status asthmaticus/
2. asthma$.ti,ab.
3. 1 or 2
4. Breathing Exercises/
5. Yoga/
6. yoga.ti,ab.
7. yogic.ti,ab.
8. Buteyko.ti,ab.
9. Pranayama.ti,ab.
10. Papworth.ti,ab.
11. “inspiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
12. “expiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
13. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (physiotherap$ or physical therap$)).ti,ab.
14. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (paced or pursed)).ti,ab.
15. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
16. (diaphragm* and (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
17. diaphragmatic breath$.ti,ab.
18. biofeedback, psychology/
19. biofeedback.ti,ab.
20. 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 or 13 or 14 or 15 or 16 or 17 or 18 or 19
21. 3 and 20
22. limit 21 to yr=“1990 -Current”
23. remove duplicates from 22
24. limit 23 to english language

Database: PEDRO

• asthma
• AND
• buteyko OR
• yoga OR
• yogic OR
• papworth OR
• pranayama OR
• biofeedback OR
• expiratory muscle training OR
• inspiratory muscle training OR
• breathing physical therapy OR
• breathing physiotherapy OR
• paced OR
• pursed OR
• breathing exercise OR
• breathing training OR
• breathing retraining OR
• diaphragm breathing OR
• breathing technique OR
• breathing pattern

Database: PsychINFO

1. asthma/
2. asthma$.ti,ab.
3. 1 or 2
4. yoga/
5. yoga.ti,ab.
6. yogic.ti,ab.
7. Buteyko.ti,ab.
8. Pranayama.ti,ab.
9. Papworth.ti,ab.
10. “inspiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
11. “expiratory muscle training”.ti,ab.
12. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (physiotherap$ or physical therap$)).ti,ab.
13. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (paced or pursed)).ti,ab.
14. ((breath$ or respirat$) adj5 (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
15. (diaphragm* and (exercise$ or training or retraining or pattern$ or technique$)).ti,ab.
16. diaphragmatic breath$.ti,ab.
17. biofeedback/ or biofeedback training/
18. biofeedback.ti,ab.
19. or/4-18
20. 3 and 19
21. limit 20 to yr=“1990 -Current”
22. limit 21 to english language

For all other databases (e.g., CSA Proceedings, etc.):

asthma AND (buteyko OR pranayama OR papworth OR yoga OR yogic OR biofeedback OR paced OR pursed OR “muscle training” OR “physical therapy” OR physiotherapy OR “breathing exercise” OR “breathing exercises” OR “breathing training” OR “breathing retraining” OR “diaphragmatic breathing” OR “breathing technique” OR “breathing techniques”)