Abdel-Aleem H, Alhusaini TK, Abdel-Aleem MA, Menoufy M, Gulmezoglu AM. Effectiveness of tranexamic acid on blood loss in patients undergoing elective cesarean section: randomized clinical trial. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2013;26(17):1705–1709. [PubMed: 23574458]

Abdullah A, Javed A. Does topical tranexamic acid reduce post-turp hematuria: A double blind randomized control trial. Urology. 2012;80(3 Suppl 1):S221–S222.

Abul-Azm A, Abdullah KM. Effect of topical tranexamic acid in open heart surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2006;23(5):380–384. [PubMed: 16438759]

Abuzakuk T, Senthil K V, Shenava Y, Bulstrode C, Skinner JA, Cannon SR, et al. Autotransfusion drains in total knee replacement Are they alternatives to homologous transfusion? International Orthopaedics. 2007;31(2):235–239. [PMC free article: PMC2267563] [PubMed: 16761149]

Adalberth G, Bystrom S, Kolstad K, Mallmin H, Milbrink J. Postoperative drainage of knee arthroplasty is not necessary: a randomized study of 90 patients. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1998;69(5):475–478. [PubMed: 9855227]

Adams ES, Longhurst CA, Pageler N, Widen E, Franzon D, Cornfield DN. Computerized physician order entry with decision support decreases blood transfusions in children. Pediatrics. 2011;127(5):e1112–e1119. [PubMed: 21502229]

Adams KW, Tolich D. Blood transfusion: the patient's experience. American Journal of Nursing. 2011;111(9):24–2. [PubMed: 21844792]

Aghdaii N, Kabiri M, Yazdanian F, Ghaffarinejad MH. Effect of retransfusion of heparin remaining in the salvaged blood on postoperative blood loss in coronary artery bypass grafting: Comparison with homologous blood transfusion (running title: Postoperative blood loss in CABG). Iranian Heart Journal. 2012;13(2):24–34.

Aguilera X, Martinez-Zapata MJ, Bosch A, Urrutia G, Gonzalez JC, Jordan M, et al. Efficacy and safety of fibrin glue and tranexamic acid to prevent postoperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 2013;95(22):2001–2007. [PubMed: 24257657]

Ahn SW, Shim JK, Youn YN, Song JW, Yang SY, Chung SC, et al. Effect of tranexamic acid on transfusion requirement in dual antiplatelet-treated anemic patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation Journal. 2012;76(1):96–101. [PubMed: 22033349]

Albirmawy OA, Saafan ME, Shehata EM, Basuni AS, Eldaba AA. Topical application of tranexamic acid after adenoidectomy: a double-blind, prospective, randomized, controlled study. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2013;77(7):1139–1142. [PubMed: 23669000]

Alizadeh Ghavidel A, Totonchi Z, Chitsazan M, Gholampour Dehaki M, Jalili F, Farsad F, et al. Safety and efficacy of caproamin fides and tranexamic Acid versus placebo in patients undergoing coronary artery revascularization. Journal of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Research. 2014;6(3):197–202. [PMC free article: PMC4195972] [PubMed: 25320669]

Alshryda S, Mason J, Sarda P, Nargol A, Cooke N, Ahmad H, et al. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total hip replacement: a randomized controlled trial (TRANX-H). Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 2013;95(21):1969–1974. [PubMed: 24196467]

Alshryda S, Mason J, Vaghela M, Sarda P, Nargol A, Maheswaran S, et al. Topical (intra-articular) tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion rates following total knee replacement: a randomized controlled trial (TRANX-K). Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 2013;95(21):1961–1968. [PubMed: 24196466]

Altinel L, Kaya E, Kose KC, Fidan F, Ergan V, Fidan H. Effect of shed blood retransfusion on pulmonary perfusion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective controlled study. International Orthopaedics. 2007;31(6):837–844. [PMC free article: PMC2266671] [PubMed: 17115155]

Amin A, Watson A, Mangwani J, Nawabi D, Ahluwalia R, Loeffler M. A prospective randomised controlled trial of autologous retransfusion in total knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 2008;90(4):451–454. [PubMed: 18378918]

Andreasen JJ, Nielsen C. Prophylactic tranexamic acid in elective, primary coronary artery bypass surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2004;26(2):311–317. [PubMed: 15296889]

Antinolfi P, Innocenti B, Caraffa A, Peretti G, Cerulli G. Post-operative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty: knee flexion versus pharmacological techniques. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014;22(11):2756–2762. [PubMed: 24077690]

Armellin G, Casella S, Guzzinati S, Pasini L, Marcassa A, Giron G. Tranexamic acid in aortic valve replacement. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2001;15(3):331–335. [PubMed: 11426364]

Askeland RW, McGrane S, Levitt JS, Dane SK, Greene DL, Vandeberg JA, et al. Improving transfusion safety: implementation of a comprehensive computerized bar code-based tracking system for detecting and preventing errors. Transfusion. 2008;48(7):1308–1317. [PubMed: 18346018]

Atay EF, Guven M, Altintas F, Kadioglu B, Ceviz E, Ipek S. Allogeneic blood transfusion decreases with postoperative autotransfusion in hip and knee arthroplasty. Acta Orthopaedica Et Traumatologica Turcica. 2010;44(4):306–312. [PubMed: 21252608]

Athanasiadis T, Beule AG, Wormald PJ. Effects of topical antifibrinolytics in endoscopic sinus surgery: a pilot randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Rhinology. 2007;21(6):737–742. [PubMed: 18201457]

Auvinen O, Baer GA, Nordback I, Saaristo J. Antifibrinolytic therapy for prevention of hemorrhage during surgery of the thyroid gland. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1987;65(6):253–255. [PubMed: 3586567]

Axford TC, Dearani JA, Ragno G, MacGregor H, Patel MA, Valeri CR, et al. Safety and therapeutic effectiveness of reinfused shed blood after open heart surgery. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1994;57(3):615–622. [PubMed: 8147630]

Ayers DC, Murray DG, Duerr DM. Blood salvage after total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 1995;77(9):1347–1351. [PubMed: 7673284]

Baric D, Biocina B, Unic D, Sutlic Z, Rudez I, Vrca VB, et al. Topical use of antifibrinolytic agents reduces postoperative bleeding: a double-blind, prospective, randomized study. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2007;31(3):366–371. [PubMed: 17218108]

Benoni G, Fredin H. Fibrinolytic inhibition with tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusion after knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study of 86 patients. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 1996;78(3):434–440. [PubMed: 8636182]

Benoni G, Fredin H, Knebel R, Nilsson P. Blood conservation with tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study in 40 primary operations. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2001;72(5):442–448. [PubMed: 11728069]

Benoni G, Lethagen S, Nilsson P, Fredin H. Tranexamic acid, given at the end of the operation, does not reduce postoperative blood loss in hip arthroplasty. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2000;71(3):250–254. [PubMed: 10919295]

Bidolegui F, Arce G, Lugones A, Pereira S, Vindver G. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and transfusion in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty without tourniquet: a prospective randomized controlled trial. Open Orthopaedics Journal. 2014;8:250–254. [PMC free article: PMC4133924] [PubMed: 25132872]

Bisbe E, Molto L, Arroyo R, Muniesa JM, Tejero M. Randomized trial comparing ferric carboxymaltose vs oral ferrous glycine sulphate for postoperative anaemia after total knee arthroplasty. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2014;113(3):402–409. [PubMed: 24780615]

Blauhut B, Harringer W, Bettelheim P, Doran JE, Spath P, Lundsgaard-Hansen P. Comparison of the effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on blood loss and related variables after cardiopulmonary bypass. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1994;108(6):1083–1091. [PubMed: 7527112]

Blinder D, Manor Y, Martinowitz U, Taicher S, Hashomer T. Dental extractions in patients maintained on continued oral anticoagulant: comparison of local hemostatic modalities. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontics. 1999;88(2):137–140. [PubMed: 10468454]

Bouboulis N, Kardara M, Kesteven PJ, Jayakrishnan AG. Autotransfusion after coronary artery bypass surgery: is there any benefit? Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 1994;9(3):314–321. [PubMed: 8054726]

Bowley DM, Barker P, Boffard KD. Intraoperative blood salvage in penetrating abdominal trauma: a randomised, controlled trial. World Journal of Surgery. 2006;30(6):1074–1080. [PubMed: 16736339]

Bradshaw AR, Monoghan J, Campbell D. Oral tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in total knee replacement arthroplasty. Current Orthopaedic Practice. 2012;23(3):209–212.

Brown RS, Thwaites BK, Mongan PD. Tranexamic acid is effective in decreasing postoperative bleeding and transfusions in primary coronary artery bypass operations: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997;85(5):963–970. [PubMed: 9356085]

Caglar GS, Tasci Y, Kayikcioglu F, Haberal A. Intravenous tranexamic acid use in myomectomy: a prospective randomized double-blind placebo controlled study. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 2008;137(2):227–231. [PubMed: 17499419]

Campbell HE, Estcourt LJ, Stokes EA, Llewelyn CA, Murphy MF, Wood EM, et al. Prophylactic platelet transfusions in patients with blood malignancies: cost analysis of a randomized trial. Transfusion. 2014;54(10):2394–2403. [PubMed: 24826894]

Canadian Orthopedic Perioperative Erythropoietin Study Group. Effectiveness of perioperative recombinant human erythropoietin in elective hip replacement. Lancet. 1993;341(8855):1227–1232. [PubMed: 8098389]

Canata GL, Casale V, Chiey A. Management of post-operative pain and bleeding in knee replacement. Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 2012;13(Suppl 1):S30–31.

Carless PA, Henry DA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell DL, Fergusson DA. Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2003;(4) CD001888. [PubMed: 14583940]

Carless PA, Henry DA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell D, Brown T, Fergusson DA. Cell salvage for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010;(4) CD001888. [PMC free article: PMC4163967] [PubMed: 20393932]

Carson JL, Brooks MM, Abbott JD, Chaitman B, Kelsey SF, Triulzi DJ, et al. Liberal versus restrictive transfusion thresholds for patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. American Heart Journal. 2013;165(6):964–971. [PMC free article: PMC3664840] [PubMed: 23708168]

Carson JL, Carless PA, Hebert PC. Transfusion thresholds and other strategies for guiding allogeneic red blood cell transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012;(4) CD002042. [PMC free article: PMC4171966] [PubMed: 22513904]

Casati V, Bellotti F, Gerli C, Franco A, Oppizzi M, Cossolini M, et al. Tranexamic acid administration after cardiac surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesiology. 2001;94(1):8–14. [PubMed: 11135716]

Casati V, Della Valle P, Benussi S, Franco A, Gerli C, Baili P, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on postoperative bleeding and related hematochemical variables in coronary surgery: Comparison between on-pump and off-pump techniques. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2004;128(1):83–91. [PubMed: 15224025]

Casati V, Sandrelli L, Speziali G, Calori G, Grasso MA, Spagnolo S. Hemostatic effects of tranexamic acid in elective thoracic aortic surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2002;123(6):1084–1091. [PubMed: 12063454]

Chan JCW, Chu RW, Young BWY, Chan F, Chow CC, Pang WC, et al. Use of an electronic barcode system for patient identification during blood transfusion: 3-year experience in a regional hospital. Hong Kong Medical Journal. 2004;10(3):166–171. [PubMed: 15181220]

Chan T, Eckert K, Venesoen P, Leslie K, Chin-Yee I. Consenting to blood: what do patients remember? Transfusion Medicine. 2005;15(6):461–466. [PubMed: 16359416]

Chang CS, Lin YC, Wu YC, Yeh CJ, Lin YC. The effects of a computerized transfusion decision support system on physician compliance and its appropriateness for fresh frozen plasma use in a medical center. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2011;135(3):417–422. [PubMed: 21350096]

Chareancholvanich K, Siriwattanasakul P, Narkbunnam R, Pornrattanamaneewong C. Temporary clamping of drain combined with tranexamic acid reduce blood loss after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2012;13:124. [PMC free article: PMC3416573] [PubMed: 22817651]

Chauhan S, Bisoi A, Modi R, Gharde P, Rajesh MR. Tranexamic acid in paediatric cardiac surgery. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2003;118:86–89. [PubMed: 14680204]

Cheng SC, Hung TS, Tse PY. Investigation of the use of drained blood reinfusion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled study. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2005;13(2):120–124. [PubMed: 16131672]

Cheung D, Lieberman L, Lin Y, Callum J. Consent for blood transfusion: do patients understand the risks and benefits? Transfusion Medicine (Oxford, England). 2014;24(5):269–273. [PubMed: 25066199]

Choi WS, Irwin MG, Samman N. The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss during orthognathic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2009;67(1):125–133. [PubMed: 19070758]

Cholette JM, Rubenstein JS, Alfieris GM, Powers KS, Eaton M, Lerner NB. Children with single-ventricle physiology do not benefit from higher hemoglobin levels post cavopulmonary connection: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial of a restrictive versus liberal red-cell transfusion strategy. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2011;12(1):39–45. [PubMed: 20495502]

Chowdhury P, Saayman AG, Paulus U, Findlay GP, Collins PW. Efficacy of standard dose and 30 ml/kg fresh frozen plasma in correcting laboratory parameters of haemostasis in critically ill patients. British Journal of Haematology. 2004;125(1):69–73. [PubMed: 15015971]

Christodoulakis M, Tsiftsis DD. Hellenic Surgical Oncology Perioperative EPO Study Group. Preoperative epoetin alfa in colorectal surgery: a randomized, controlled study. Annals of Surgical Oncology. 2005;12(9):718–725. [PubMed: 16052276]

Cip J, Widemschek M, Benesch T, Waibel R, Martin A. Does single use of an autologous transfusion system in TKA reduce the need for allogenic blood?: a prospective randomized trial. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2013;471(4):1319–1325. [PMC free article: PMC3586038] [PubMed: 23229426]

Claeys MA, Vermeersch N, Haentjens P. Reduction of blood loss with tranexamic acid in primary total hip replacement surgery. Acta Chirurgica Belgica. 2007;107(4):397–401. [PubMed: 17966532]

Clagett GP, Valentine RJ, Jackson MR, Mathison C, Kakish HB, Bengtson TD. A randomized trial of intraoperative autotransfusion during aortic surgery. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 1999;29(1):22–30. [PubMed: 9882786]

Coffey A, Pittmam J, Halbrook H, Fehrenbacher J, Beckman D, Hormuth D. The use of tranexamic acid to reduce postoperative bleeding following cardiac surgery: a double-blind randomized trial. American Surgeon. 1995;61(7):566–568. [PubMed: 7793735]

Cooper HA, Rao SV, Greenberg MD, Rumsey MP, McKenzie M, Alcorn KW, et al. Conservative versus liberal red cell transfusion in acute myocardial infarction (the CRIT Randomized Pilot Study). American Journal of Cardiology. 2011;108(8):1108–1111. [PubMed: 21791325]

Corbeau JJ, Monrigal JP, Jacob JP, Cottineau C, Moreau X, Bukowski JG, et al. Comparison of effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on blood loss in heart surgery. Annales Francaises D'Anesthesie Et De Reanimation. 1995;14(2):154–161. [PubMed: 7486272]

Court EL, Robinson JA, Hocken DB. Informed consent and patient understanding of blood transfusion. Transfusion Medicine. 2011;21(3):183–189. [PubMed: 21272102]

Craig J, Brown H, Eastgate J, Macpherson K, Wilson S. Understanding our advice: the use of epoetin alfa before orthopaedic surgery in patients with mild anaemia. Glasgow: NHS Quality Improvement Scotland (NHS QIS); 2006. The use of epoetin alfa before orthopaedic surgery in patients with mild anaemia. United Kingdom. Available from: http://www​.nhshealthquality.org.

Crescenti A, Borghi G, Bignami E, Bertarelli G, Landoni G, Casiraghi GM, et al. Intraoperative use of tranexamic acid to reduce transfusion rate in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy: double blind, randomised, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2011;343:d5701. [PMC free article: PMC3198510] [PubMed: 22012809]

Crosby L, Palarski VA, Cottington E, Cmolik B. Iron supplementation for acute blood loss anemia after coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Heart and Lung. 1994;23(6):493–499. [PubMed: 7852064]

Cuenca J, Garcia-Erce JA, Martinez F, Cardona R, Perez-Serrano L, Munoz M. Preoperative haematinics and transfusion protocol reduce the need for transfusion after total knee replacement. International Journal of Surgery. 2007;5(2):89–94. [PubMed: 17448971]

D'Ambra MN, Gray RJ, Hillman R, Jones JW, Kim HC, Rawitscher R, et al. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on transfusion risk in coronary bypass patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1997;64(6):1686–1693. [PubMed: 9436556]

Dakir A, Ramalingam B, Ebenezer V, Dhanavelu P. Efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss during maxillofacial trauma surgery-a pilot study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(5):ZC06–ZC08. [PMC free article: PMC4080055] [PubMed: 24995234]

Dalmau A, Sabate A, Acosta F, Garcia-Huete L, Koo M, Sansano T, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces red cell transfusion better than epsilon-aminocaproic acid or placebo in liver transplantation. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2000;91(1):29–34. [PubMed: 10866882]

Dalrymple-Hay MJ, Pack L, Deakin CD, Shephard S, Ohri SK, Haw MP, et al. Autotransfusion of washed shed mediastinal fluid decreases the requirement for autologous blood transfusion following cardiac surgery: a prospective randomized trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1999;15(6):830–834. [PubMed: 10431866]

Damgaard S, Steinbruchel DA. Autotransfusion with cell saver for off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. 2006;40(3):194–198. [PubMed: 16798668]

Davies A, Staves J, Kay J, Casbard A, Murphy MF. End-to-end electronic control of the hospital transfusion process to increase the safety of blood transfusion: strengths and weaknesses. Transfusion. 2006;46(3):352–364. [PubMed: 16533276]

Davies L, Brown TJ, Haynes S, Payne K, Elliott RA, McCollum C. Cost-effectiveness of cell salvage and alternative methods of minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion: A systematic review and economic model. Health Technology Assessment. 2006;10(44):1–114. [PubMed: 17049141]

Davies MJ, Cronin KC, Moran P, Mears L, Booth RJ. Autologous blood transfusion for major vascular surgery using the Sorenson Receptal Device. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1987;15(3):282–288. [PubMed: 3661961]

Davis R, Vincent C, Sud A, Noel S, Moss R, Asgheddi M, et al. Consent to transfusion: patients' and healthcare professionals' attitudes towards the provision of blood transfusion information. Transfusion Medicine. 2012;22(3):167–172. [PubMed: 22520031]

de Andrade JR, Jove M, Landon G, Frei D, Guilfoyle M, Young DC. Baseline hemoglobin as a predictor of risk of transfusion and response to epoetin alfa in orthopedic surgery patients. American Journal of Orthopedics. 1996;25(8):533–542. [PubMed: 8871751]

De Bonis M, Cavaliere F, Alessandrini F, Lapenna E, Santarelli F, Moscato U, et al. Topical use of tranexamic acid in coronary artery bypass operations: a double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2000;119(3):575–580. [PubMed: 10694619]

de Gast-Bakker DH, de Wilde RBP, Hazekamp MG, Sojak V, Zwaginga JJ, Wolterbeek R, et al. Safety and effects of two red blood cell transfusion strategies in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Medicine. 2013;39(11):2011–2019. [PubMed: 23995984]

Dell'Amore A, Caroli G, Nizar A, Cassanelli N, Luciano G, Greco D, et al. Can topical application of tranexamic acid reduce blood loss in thoracic surgery? A prospective randomised double blind investigation. Heart, Lung and Circulation. 2012;21(11):706–710. [PubMed: 22842057]

Devon KM, McLeod RS. Pre and peri-operative erythropoietin for reducing allogeneic blood transfusions in colorectal cancer surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009;(1) CD007148. [PubMed: 19160325]

Diedrich B, Remberger M, Shanwell A, Svahn BM, Ringden O. A prospective randomized trial of a prophylactic platelet transfusion trigger of 10 × 10(9) per L versus 30 × 10(9) per L in allogeneic hematopoietic progenitor cell transplant recipients. Transfusion. 2005;45(7):1064–1072. [PubMed: 15987349]

Dietrich W, Barankay A, Dilthey G, Mitto HP, Richter JA. Reduction of blood utilization during myocardial revascularization. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1989;97(2):213–219. [PubMed: 2783753]

Diprose P, Herbertson MJ, O'Shaughnessy D, Deakin CD, Gill RS. Reducing allogeneic transfusion in cardiac surgery: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of antifibrinolytic therapies used in addition to intra-operative cell salvage. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2005;94(3):271–278. [PubMed: 15591329]

Dousias V, Paraskevaidis E, Dalkalitsis N, Tsanadis G, Navrozoglou I, Lolis D. Recombinant human erythropoietin in mildly anemic women before total hysterectomy. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2003;30(4):235–238. [PubMed: 14664421]

Doussau A, Perez P, Puntous M, Calderon J, Jeanne M, Germain C, et al. Fresh-frozen plasma transfusion did not reduce 30-day mortality in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass cardiac surgery with excessive bleeding: the PLASMACARD multicenter cohort study. Transfusion. 2014;54(4):1114–1124. [PubMed: 24117772]

Dramis A, Plewes J. Autologous blood transfusion after primary unilateral total knee replacement surgery. Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 2006;72(1):15–17. [PubMed: 16570888]

Edwards TJ, Noble EJ, Durran A, Mellor N, Hosie KB. Randomized clinical trial of preoperative intravenous iron sucrose to reduce blood transfusion in anaemic patients after colorectal cancer surgery. British Journal of Surgery. 2009;96(10):1122–1128. [PubMed: 19731228]

Eftekharian H, Vahedi R, Karagah T, Tabrizi R. Effect of tranexamic acid irrigation on perioperative blood loss during orthognathic surgery: a double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2015;73(1):129–133. [PubMed: 25443384]

Ekback G, Axelsson K, Ryttberg L, Edlund B, Kjellberg J, Weckstrom J, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in total hip replacement surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2000;91(5):1124–1130. [PubMed: 11049894]

Ekback G, Schott U, Axelsson K, Carlberg M. Perioperative autotransfusion and functional coagulation analysis in total hip replacement. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1995;39(3):390–395. [PubMed: 7793222]

Elawad AA, Ohlin AK, Berntorp E, Nilsson IM, Fredin H. Intraoperative autotransfusion in primary hip arthroplasty. A randomized comparison with homologous blood. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 1991;62(6):557–562. [PubMed: 1767648]

Ellis MH, Fredman B, Zohar E, Ifrach N, Jedeikin R. The effect of tourniquet application, tranexamic acid, and desmopressin on the procoagulant and fibrinolytic systems during total knee replacement. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2001;13(7):509–513. [PubMed: 11704449]

Eng J, Kay PH, Murday AJ, Shreiti I, Harrison DP, Norfolk DR, et al. Postoperative autologous transfusion in cardiac surgery. A prospective, randomised study. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1990;4(11):595–600. [PubMed: 2268438]

Engel JM, Hohaus T, Ruwoldt R, Menges T, Jurgensen I, Hempelmann G. Regional hemostatic status and blood requirements after total knee arthroplasty with and without tranexamic acid or aprotinin. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2001;92(3):775–780. [PubMed: 11226117]

Esfandiari BR, Bistgani MM, Kabiri M. Low dose tranexamic acid effect on post-coronary artery bypass grafting bleeding. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 2013;21(6):669–674. [PubMed: 24569324]

Faris PM, Ritter MA, Abels RI. The effects of recombinant human erythropoietin on perioperative transfusion requirements in patients having a major orthopaedic operation. The American Erythropoietin Study Group. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 1996;78(1):62–72. [PubMed: 8550681]

Farrokhi MR, Kazemi AP, Eftekharian HR, Akbari K. Efficacy of prophylactic low dose of tranexamic acid in spinal fixation surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology. 2011;23(4):290–296. [PubMed: 21836528]

Fawzy H, Elmistekawy E, Bonneau D, Latter D, Errett L. Can local application of tranexamic acid reduce post-coronary bypass surgery blood loss? A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery. 2009;4:25. [PMC free article: PMC2706826] [PubMed: 19538741]

Feagan BG, Wong CJ, Kirkley A, Johnston DW, Smith FC, Whitsitt P, et al. Erythropoietin with iron supplementation to prevent allogeneic blood transfusion in total hip joint arthroplasty. A randomized, controlled trial. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000;133(11):845–854. [PubMed: 11103054]

Fernandez Perez ER, Winters JL, Gajic O. The addition of decision support into computerized physician order entry reduces red blood cell transfusion resource utilization in the intensive care unit. American Journal of Hematology. 2007;82(7):631–633. [PubMed: 17236185]

Fitzgerald M, Hodgkinson B, Thorp D. Blood transfusion from the recipient's perspective. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 1999;8(5):593–600. [PubMed: 10786533]

Fragnito C, Beghi C, Cavozza C, Saccani S, Contini SA, Barboso G. Autotransfusion of the blood drained from mediastinum in the course of myocardial revascularization. Acta Bio-Medica De L'Ateneo Parmense : Organo Della Societa Di Medicina e Scienze Naturali Di Parma. 1995;66(5):195–201. [PubMed: 8928582]

Friedman M, Arja W, Batra R, Daniel S, Hoehn D, Paniz AM, et al. Informed consent for blood transfusion: what do medicine residents tell? What do patients understand? American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2012;138(4):559–565. [PubMed: 23010711]

Gannon DM, Lombardi AV Jr., Mallory TH, Vaughn BK, Finney CR, Niemcryk S. An evaluation of the efficacy of postoperative blood salvage after total joint arthroplasty.A prospective randomized trial. Journal of Arthroplasty. 1991;6(2):109–114. [PubMed: 1875200]

Garneti N, Field J. Bone bleeding during total hip arthroplasty after administration of tranexamic acid. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2004;19(4):488–492. [PubMed: 15188109]

Garrido-Martin P, Nassar-Mansur MI, de la Llana-Ducros R, Virgos-Aller TM, Rodriguez Fortunez PM, Avalos-Pinto R, et al. The effect of intravenous and oral iron administration on perioperative anaemia and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery: a randomized clinical trial. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2012;15(6):1013–1018. [PMC free article: PMC3501294] [PubMed: 22940889]

Georgiadis AG, Muh SJ, Silverton CD, Weir RM, Laker MW. A prospective double-blind placebo controlled trial of topical tranexamic acid in total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2013;28(8 Suppl):78–82. [PubMed: 23906869]

Gersel-Pedersen N. Tranexamic acid in alveolar sockets in the prevention of alveolitis sicca dolorosa. International Journal of Oral Surgery. 1979;8(6):421–429. [PubMed: 120339]

Ghaffari Nejad MH, Baharestani B, Esfandiari R, Hashemi J, Panahipoor A. Evaluation and comparison of using low-dose aprotinin and tranexamic acid in CABG: a double blind randomized clinical trial. Journal of Tehran Heart Center. 2012;7(1):15–18. [PMC free article: PMC3466883] [PubMed: 23074629]

Gill JB, Chase E, Rosenstein AD. The use of tranexamic acid in revision total hip arthroplasty: a pilot study. Current Orthopaedic Practice. 2009;20(2):152–156. United States.

Goel P, Pannu H, Mohan D, Arora R. Efficacy of cell saver in reducing homologous blood transfusions during OPCAB surgery: a prospective randomized trial. Transfusion Medicine. 2007;17(4):285–289. [PubMed: 17680954]

Good L, Peterson E, Lisander B. Tranexamic acid decreases external blood loss but not hidden blood loss in total knee replacement. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2003;90(5):596–599. [PubMed: 12697586]

Goodnough LT, Shah N. The next chapter in patient blood management: real-time clinical decision support. American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 2014;142:741–747. [PubMed: 25389326]

Goodnough LT, Maggio P, Hadhazy E, Shieh L, Hernandez-Boussard T, Khari P, et al. Restrictive blood transfusion practices are associated with improved patient outcomes. Transfusion. 2014;54(10 Pt 2):2753–2759. [PubMed: 24995770]

Greiff G, Stenseth R, Wahba A, Videm V, Lydersen S, Irgens W, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces blood transfusions in elderly patients undergoing combined aortic valve and coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2012;26(2):232–238. [PubMed: 21924636]

Gungorduk K, Yildirim G, Asicioglu O, Gungorduk OC, Sudolmus S, Ark C. Efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after elective cesarean section: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. American Journal of Perinatology. 2011;28(3):233–240. [PubMed: 20979013]

Hardy JF, Belisle S, Dupont C, Harel F, Robitaille D, Roy M, et al. Prophylactic tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid for primary myocardial revascularization. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1998;65(2):371–376. [PubMed: 9485231]

Healy WL, Pfeifer BA, Kurtz SR, Johnson C, Johnson W, Johnston R, et al. Evaluation of autologous shed blood for autotransfusion after orthopaedic surgery. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 1994;299:53–59. [PubMed: 8119037]

Heckman KD, Weiner GJ, Davis CS, Strauss RG, Jones MP, Burns CP. Randomized study of prophylactic platelet transfusion threshold during induction therapy for adult acute leukemia: 10,000/microL versus 20,000/microL. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 1997;15(3):1143–1149. [PubMed: 9060557]

Heddle NM, Brox WT, Klama LN, Dickson LL, Levine MN. A randomized trial on the efficacy of an autologous blood drainage and transfusion device in patients undergoing elective knee arthroplasty. Transfusion. 1992;32(8):742–746. [PubMed: 1412681]

Heddle NM, Cook RJ, Tinmouth A, Kouroukis CT, Hervig T, Klapper E, et al. A randomized controlled trial comparing standard- and low-dose strategies for transfusion of platelets (SToP) to patients with thrombocytopenia. Blood. 2009;113(7):1564–1573. [PubMed: 19109560]

Heiss MM, Tarabichi A, Delanoff C, Allgayer H, Jauch KW, Hernandez-Richter T, et al. Perisurgical erythropoietin application in anemic patients with colorectal cancer: a doubleblind randomized study. Surgery. 1996;119(5):523–527. [PubMed: 8619207]

Hemsinli D, Pulathan Z, Altun G, Yasar GK, Civelek A. The effect of tranexamic acid and desmopressin acetate infusion on coagulation parameters in patients operated under dual antiplatelet therapy. Heart Surgery Forum. 2012;15:S21–S22.

Henry DA, Carless PA, Moxey AJ, O'Connell D, Stokes BJ, Fergusson DA, et al. Anti-fibrinolytic use for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2011;(3) CD001886. [PMC free article: PMC4234031] [PubMed: 21412876]

Hibbs SP, Noel S, Miles D, Staves J, Murphy MF. The impact of electronic decision support and electronic remote blood issue on transfusion practice. Transfusion Medicine. 2014;24(5):274–279. [PubMed: 25186089]

Hiippala S, Strid L, Wennerstrand M, Arvela V, Mantyla S, Ylinen J, et al. Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron) reduces perioperative blood loss associated with total knee arthroplasty. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1995;74(5):534–537. [PubMed: 7772427]

Hiippala ST, Strid LJ, Wennerstrand MI, Arvela JV, Niemela HM, Mantyla SK, et al. Tranexamic acid radically decreases blood loss and transfusions associated with total knee arthroplasty. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997;84(4):839–844. [PubMed: 9085968]

Holcomb JB, Fox EE, Zhang X, White N, Wade CE, Cotton BA, et al. Cryoprecipitate use in the PROMMTT study. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery. 2013;75(1 Suppl 1):S31–S39. [PMC free article: PMC3736696] [PubMed: 23778509]

Holst LB, Haase N, Wetterslev J, Wernerman J, Guttormsen AB, Karlsson S, et al. Lower versus higher hemoglobin threshold for transfusion in septic shock. New England Journal of Medicine. 2014;371(15):1381–1391. [PubMed: 25270275]

Horrow JC, Van Riper DF, Strong MD, Brodsky I, Parmet JL. Hemostatic effects of tranexamic acid and desmopressin during cardiac surgery. Circulation. 1991;84(5):2063–2070. [PubMed: 1934382]

Horrow JC, Van Riper DF, Strong MD, Grunewald KE, Parmet JL. The dose-response relationship of tranexamic acid. Anesthesiology. 1995;82(2):383–392. [PubMed: 7856897]

Horstmann WG, Swierstra MJ, Ohanis D, Castelein RM, Kollen BJ, Verheyen CCPM. Reduction of blood loss with the use of a new combined intra-operative and post-operative autologous blood transfusion system compared with no drainage in primary total hip replacement. Bone and Joint Journal. 2013;95-B(5):616–622. [PubMed: 23632670]

Horstmann W, Kuipers B, Ohanis D, Slappendel R, Kollen B, Verheyen C. Autologous re-transfusion drain compared with no drain in total knee arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. Blood Transfusion. 2014;12 Suppl 1:s176–s181. [PMC free article: PMC3934246] [PubMed: 24120589]

Horstmann WG, Swierstra MJ, Ohanis D, Rolink R, Kollen BJ, Verheyen CCPM. Favourable results of a new intraoperative and postoperative filtered autologous blood re-transfusion system in total hip arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial. International Orthopaedics. 2014;38(1):13–18. [PMC free article: PMC3890134] [PubMed: 24077886]

Hosseini H, Rahimianfar AA, Abdollahi MH, Moshtaghiyoon MM, Haddadzadeh M, Fekri A, et al. Evaluations of topical application of tranexamic acid on post-operative blood loss in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2014;8(2):224–228. [PMC free article: PMC4024681] [PubMed: 24843337]

Husted H, Blond L, Sonne-Holm S, Holm G, Jacobsen TW, Gebuhr P. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss and blood transfusions in primary total hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized double-blind study in 40 patients. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. 2003;74(6):665–669. [PubMed: 14763696]

Imai N, Dohmae Y, Suda K, Miyasaka D, Ito T, Endo N. Tranexamic acid for reduction of blood loss during total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2012;27(10):1838–1843. [PubMed: 22704229]

Isetta C, Guinness TK, Samat C, Paolini G, Lugrin D, Sanchez B. Antifibrinolytic treatment and homologous transfusion in cardiac surgery. European Heart Journal. 1993;14(Abstract Supplement):424.

Ishida K, Tsumura N, Kitagawa A, Hamamura S, Fukuda K, Dogaki Y, et al. Intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid reduces not only blood loss but also knee joint swelling after total knee arthroplasty. International Orthopaedics. 2011;35(11):1639–1645. [PMC free article: PMC3193960] [PubMed: 21253725]

Jabalameli M, Zakeri K. Evaluation of topical tranexamic acid on intraoperative bleeding in endoscopic sinus surgery. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2006;31(4):221–223.

Jansen AJ, Andreica S, Claeys M, D'Haese J, Camu F, Jochmans K. Use of tranexamic acid for an effective blood conservation strategy after total knee arthroplasty. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1999;83(4):596–601. [PubMed: 10673876]

Jares M, Vanek T, Straka Z, Brucek P. Tranexamic acid reduces bleeding after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 2003;44(2):205–208. [PubMed: 12813384]

Jimenez JJ, Iribarren JL, Lorente L, Rodriguez JM, Hernandez D, Nassar I, et al. Tranexamic acid attenuates inflammatory response in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery through blockade of fibrinolysis: a case control study followed by a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Critical Care. 2007;11(6):R117. [PMC free article: PMC2246206] [PubMed: 17988379]

Johansson T, Pettersson LG, Lisander B. Tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty saves blood and money: a randomized, double-blind study in 100 patients. Acta Orthopaedica. 2005;76(3):314–319. [PubMed: 16156456]

Kaewpradub P, Apipan B, Rummasak D. Does tranexamic acid in an irrigating fluid reduce intraoperative blood loss in orthognathic surgery? A double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2011;69(6):e186–e189. [PubMed: 21398011]

Kakar PN, Gupta N, Govil P, Shah V. Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in control of bleeding following TKR: a randomized clinical trial. Indian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2009;53(6):667–671. [PMC free article: PMC2900076] [PubMed: 20640094]

Karam O, Tucci M, Combescure C, Lacroix J, Rimensberger PC. Plasma transfusion strategies for critically ill patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(12) CD010654. [PubMed: 24374651]

Karam O, Tucci M, Ducruet T, Hume HA, Lacroix J, Gauvin F, et al. Red blood cell transfusion thresholds in pediatric patients with sepsis. Pediatric Critical Care Medicine. 2011;12(5):512–518. [PubMed: 21057356]

Karimi A, Mohammadi SS, Hasheminasab M. Efficacy of tranexamic acid on blood loss during bimaxilary osteotomy: A randomized double blind clinical trial. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2012;6(1):41–45. [PMC free article: PMC3299114] [PubMed: 22412776]

Karkouti K, McCluskey SA, Ghannam M, Salpeter MJ, Quirt I, Yau TM. Intravenous iron and recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of postoperative anemia. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2006;53(1):11–19. [PubMed: 16371604]

Karski J, Djaiani G, Carroll J, Iwanochko M, Seneviratne P, Liu P, et al. Tranexamic acid and early saphenous vein graft patency in conventional coronary artery bypass graft surgery: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2005;130(2):309–314. [PubMed: 16077392]

Kateros K, Sakellariou VI, Sofianos IP, Papagelopoulos PJ. Epoetin alfa reduces blood transfusion requirements in patients with intertrochanteric fracture. Journal of Critical Care. 2010;25(2):348–353. [PubMed: 19592206]

Katoh J, Tsuchiya K, Sato W, Nakajima M, Iida Y. Additional postbypass administration of tranexamic acid reduces blood loss after cardiac operations. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1997;113(4):802–804. [PubMed: 9104995]

Katsaros D, Petricevic M, Snow NJ, Woodhall DD, Van Bergen R. Tranexamic acid reduces postbypass blood use: a double-blinded, prospective, randomized study of 210 patients. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1996;61(4):1131–1135. [PubMed: 8607670]

Kazemi SM, Mosaffa F, Eajazi A, Kaffashi M, Besheli LD, Bigdeli MR, et al. The effect of tranexamic acid on reducing blood loss in cementless total hip arthroplasty under epidural anesthesia. Orthopedics. 2010;33(1):17. [PubMed: 20055345]

Kelley-Patteson C, Ammar AD, Kelley H. Should the cell saver autotransfusion device be used routinely in all infrarenal abdominal aortic bypass operations? Journal of Vascular Surgery. 1993;18(2):261–265. [PubMed: 8350435]

Ker K, Prieto-Merino D, Roberts I. Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of the effect of tranexamic acid on surgical blood loss. British Journal of Surgery. 2013;100(10):1271–1279. [PubMed: 23839785]

Kerebel D, Joly L-M, Honnart D, Schmidt J, Galanaud D, Negrier C, et al. A French multicenter randomised trial comparing two dose-regimens of prothrombin complex concentrates in urgent anticoagulation reversal. Critical Care. 2013;17(1) [PMC free article: PMC4057510] [PubMed: 23305460]

Kettelhack C, Hones C, Messinger D, Schlag PM. Randomized multicentre trial of the influence of recombinant human erythropoietin on intraoperative and postoperative transfusion need in anaemic patients undergoing right hemicolectomy for carcinoma. British Journal of Surgery. 1998;85(1):63–67. [PubMed: 9462386]

Khorsand N, Veeger NJGM, Hest RM, Ypma PF, Heidt J, Meijer K. An observational, prospective, two-cohort comparison of a fixed versus variable dosing strategy of prothrombin complex concentrate to counteract vitamin k antagonists in 240 bleeding emergencies. Haematologica. 2012;97(10):1501–1506. [PMC free article: PMC3487550] [PubMed: 22491734]

Kim TK, Chang CB, Kang YG, Seo ES, Lee JH, Yun JH, et al. Clinical value of tranexamic acid in unilateral and simultaneous bilateral TKAs under a contemporary blood-saving protocol: a randomized controlled trial. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2014;22(8):1870–1878. [PubMed: 23592025]

Kirkos JM, Krystallis CT, Konstantinidis PA, Papavasiliou KA, Kyrkos MJ, Ikonomidis LG. Postoperative re-perfusion of drained blood in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty: is it effective and cost-efficient? Acta Orthopaedica Belgica. 2006;72(1):18–23. [PubMed: 16570889]

Klein AA, Nashef SAM, Sharples L, Bottrill F, Dyer M, Armstrong J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cell salvage in routine cardiac surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2008;107(5):1487–1495. [PubMed: 18931203]

Koopman-Van Gemert AW. Processed autotransfusion and homologous red cell requirement in elective cardiac and orthopaedic surgery: a randomised prospective study. Den Haag: Cip-Data Koninklijke Bibliotheek; 1993. Peri-operative autotransfusion by means of a blood cell separator; pp. 96–112.

Kosmadakis N, Messaris E, Maris A, Katsaragakis S, Leandros E, Konstadoulakis MM, et al. Perioperative erythropoietin administration in patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: prospective randomized double-blind study. Annals of Surgery. 2003;237(3):417–421. [PMC free article: PMC1514310] [PubMed: 12616127]

Krohn CD, Sorensen R, Lange JE, Riise R, Bjornsen S, Brosstad F. Tranexamic acid given into the wound reduces postoperative blood loss by half in major orthopaedic surgery. European Journal of Surgery Supplement. 2003;(588):57–61. [PubMed: 15200045]

Kuitunen A, Hiippala S, Vahtera E, Rasi V, Salmenpera M. The effects of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on thrombin generation and fibrinolytic response after cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2005;49(9):1272–1279. [PubMed: 16146463]

Kurt T. Evaluation of the effects of systemic or topical use of tranexamic acid and aprotinin on the blood loss and the used amount of blood products following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Anatolian Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2011;5(3):116–121.

Larson B, Bremme K, Clyne N, Nordstrom L. Preoperative treatment of anemic women with epoetin beta. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2001;80(6):559–562. [PubMed: 11380294]

Later AFL, Maas JJ, Engbers FHM, Versteegh MIM, Bruggemans EF, Dion RAE, et al. Tranexamic acid and aprotinin in low- and intermediate-risk cardiac surgery: a non-sponsored, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2009;36(2):322–329. [PubMed: 19250838]

Laub GW, Dharan M, Riebman JB, Chen C, Moore R, Bailey BM, et al. The impact of intraoperative autotransfusion on cardiac surgery. A prospective randomized double-blind study. Chest. 1993;104(3):686–689. [PubMed: 8365276]

Laupacis A. Effectiveness of perioperative epoetin alfa in patients scheduled for elective hip surgery. Seminars in Hematology. 1996;33(2 Suppl 2):51–54. [PubMed: 8723583]

Lee YC, Park SJ, Kim JS, Cho CH. Effect of tranexamic acid on reducing postoperative blood loss in combined hypotensive epidural anesthesia and general anesthesia for total hip replacement. Journal of Clinical Anesthesia. 2013;25(5):393–398. [PubMed: 23965206]

Lemay E, Guay J, Cote C, Roy A. Tranexamic acid reduces the need for allogenic red blood cell transfusions in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2004;51(1):31–37. [PubMed: 14709457]

Lepore V, Radegran K. Autotransfusion of mediastinal blood in cardiac surgery. Scandinavian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1989;23(1):47–49. [PubMed: 2727646]

Lidder PG, Sanders G, Whitehead E, Douie WJ, Mellor N, Lewis SJ, et al. Pre-operative oral iron supplementation reduces blood transfusion in colorectal surgery - a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 2007;89(4):418–421. [PMC free article: PMC1963583] [PubMed: 17535624]

Lin YC, Chang CS, Yeh CJ, Wu YC. The appropriateness and physician compliance of platelet usage by a computerized transfusion decision support system in a medical center. Transfusion. 2010;50(12):2565–2570. [PubMed: 20576016]

Lorentz A, Osswald PM, Schilling M, Jani L. A comparison of autologous transfusion procedures in hip surgery. Der Anaesthesist. 1991;40(4):205–213. [PubMed: 2058822]

Lundin ES, Johansson T, Zachrisson H, Leandersson U, Backman F, Falknas L, et al. Single-dose tranexamic acid in advanced ovarian cancer surgery reduces blood loss and transfusions: double-blind placebo-controlled randomized multicenter study. Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica. 2014;93(4):335–344. [PubMed: 24428857]

Luporsi E, Mahi L, Morre C, Wernli J, de Pouvourville G, Bugat R. Evaluation of cost savings with ferric carboxymaltose in anemia treatment through its impact on erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and blood transfusion: French healthcare payer perspective. Journal of Medical Economics. 2012;15(2):225–232. [PubMed: 22077267]

MacGillivray RG, Tarabichi SB, Hawari MF, Raoof NT. Tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss after bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized double blind study. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2011;26(1):24–28. [PubMed: 20171048]

Madi-Jebara SN, Sleilaty GS, Achouh PE, Yazigi AG, Haddad FA, Hayek GM, et al. Postoperative intravenous iron used alone or in combination with low-dose erythropoietin is not effective for correction of anemia after cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2004;18(1):59–63. [PubMed: 14973801]

Mah ET, Davis R, Seshadri P, Nyman TL, Seshadri R. The role of autologous blood transfusion in joint replacement surgery. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 1995;23(4):472–477. [PubMed: 7485940]

Majkowski RS, Currie IC, Newman JH. Postoperative collection and reinfusion of autologous blood in total knee arthroplasty. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. 1991;73(6):381–384. [PMC free article: PMC2499479] [PubMed: 1759769]

Malhotra R, Kumar V, Garg B. The use of tranexamic acid to reduce blood loss in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. 2011;21(2):101–104.

Mansour EE, Mustafa B. Aprotinin versus tranexamic acid in patients receiving aspirin and undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia. 2004;20(3):229–236.

Mansouri M, Attary M, Bagheri K, Massoumi G, Ghavami B. Comparative evaluation of the effects of tranexamic acid and low-dose aprotinin on post-valvular heart surgery bleeding and allogenic transfusion. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2012;15(1):23–27. [PMC free article: PMC3380990] [PubMed: 22514257]

Markatou M, Theodoraki K, Rizos D, Fassoulaki A. Targeting perioperative hemoglobin in major abdominal surgery. Journal of Anesthesia and Clinical Research. 2012;3(2)

Martin J, Robitaille D, Perrault LP, Pellerin M, Page P, Searle N, et al. Reinfusion of mediastinal blood after heart surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2000;120(3):499–504. [PubMed: 10962411]

Martin JG, Cassatt KB, Kincaid-Cinnamon KA, Westendorf DS, Garton AS, Lemke JH. Topical administration of tranexamic acid in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2014;29(5):889–894. [PubMed: 24238825]

Matsumoto M, Kawa K, Uemura M, Kato S, Ishizashi H, Isonishi A, et al. Prophylactic fresh frozen plasma may prevent development of hepatic VOD after stem cell transplantation via ADAMTS13-mediated restoration of von Willebrand factor plasma levels. Bone Marrow Transplantation. 2007;40(3):251–259. [PubMed: 17549054]

Mauerhan DR, Nussman D, Mokris JG, Beaver WB. Effect of postoperative reinfusion systems on hemoglobin levels in primary total hip and total knee arthroplasties. A prospective randomized study. Journal of Arthroplasty. 1993;8(5):523–527. [PubMed: 8245998]

McConnell JS, Shewale S, Munro NA, Shah K, Deakin AH, Kinninmonth AWG. Reduction of blood loss in primary hip arthroplasty with tranexamic acid or fibrin spray. Acta Orthopaedica. 2011;82(6):660–663. [PMC free article: PMC3247881] [PubMed: 21999623]

McConnell JS, Shewale S, Munro NA, Shah K, Deakin AH, Kinninmonth AWG. Reducing blood loss in primary knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled trial of tranexamic acid and fibrin spray. Knee. 2012;19(4):295–298. [PubMed: 21733697]

McGill N, O'Shaughnessy D, Pickering R, Herbertson M, Gill R. Mechanical methods of reducing blood transfusion in cardiac surgery: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2002;324(7349):1299. [PMC free article: PMC113763] [PubMed: 12039820]

Mehr-Aein A, Davoodi S, Madani-Civi M. Effects of tranexamic acid and autotransfusion in coronary artery bypass. Asian Cardiovascular and Thoracic Annals. 2007;15(1):49–53. [PubMed: 17244923]

Menges T, Rupp D, van Lessen A, Hempelmann G. Measures for reducing the use of homologous blood. Effects on blood coagulation during total endoprosthesis. Der Anaesthesist. 1992;41(1):27–33. [PubMed: 1536438]

Menichetti A, Tritapepe L, Ruvolo G, Speziale G, Cogliati A, Di Giovanni C, et al. Changes in coagulation patterns, blood loss and blood use after cardiopulmonary bypass: aprotinin vs tranexamic acid vs epsilon aminocaproic acid. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery. 1996;37(4):401–407. [PubMed: 8698787]

Mercer KG, Spark JI, Berridge DC, Kent PJ, Scott DJ. Randomized clinical trial of intraoperative autotransfusion in surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm. British Journal of Surgery. 2004;91(11):1443–1448. [PubMed: 15499651]

Miller K, Akers C, Magrin G, Whitehead S, Davis AK. Piloting the use of 2D barcode and patient safety-software in an Australian tertiary hospital setting. Vox Sanguinis. 2013;105(2):159–166. [PubMed: 23600799]

Miller RA, May MW, Hendry WF, Whitfield HN, Wickham JE. The prevention of secondary haemorrhage after prostatectomy: the value of antifibrinolytic therapy. British Journal of Urology. 1980;52(1):26–28. [PubMed: 7000220]

Miyata S, Kawai T, Yamamoto S, Takada M, Iwatani Y, Uchida O, et al. Network computer-assisted transfusion-management system for accurate blood component-recipient identification at the bedside. Transfusion. 2004;44(3):364–372. [PubMed: 14996193]

Moghaddam MJ, Darabi E, Sheikholeslamy F. Effect of tranexamic acid in decreasing need to transfusion in hip fracture surgery. European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2011;28:89.

Moonen AF, Knoors NT, van Os JJ, Verburg AD, Pilot P. Retransfusion of filtered shed blood in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Transfusion. 2007;47(3):379–384. [PubMed: 17319816]

Movafegh A, Eslamian L, Dorabadi A. Effect of intravenous tranexamic acid administration on blood loss during and after cesarean delivery. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics. 2011;115(3):224–226. [PubMed: 21872857]

Murphy GJ, Allen SM, Unsworth-White J, Lewis CT, Dalrymple-Hay MJ. Safety and efficacy of perioperative cell salvage and autotransfusion after coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized trial. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2004;77(5):1553–1559. [PubMed: 15111142]

Murphy GJ, Pike K, Rogers CA, Wordsworth S, Stokes EA, Angelini GD, et al. Liberal or restrictive transfusion after cardiac surgery. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(11):997–1008. [PubMed: 25760354]

Murphy GJ, Rogers CS, Lansdowne WB, Channon I, Alwair H, Cohen A, et al. Safety, efficacy, and cost of intraoperative cell salvage and autotransfusion after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery: a randomized trial. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2005;130(1):20–28. [PubMed: 15999036]

Murphy GJ, Mango E, Lucchetti V, Battaglia F, Catapano D, Rogers CA, et al. A randomized trial of tranexamic acid in combination with cell salvage plus a meta-analysis of randomized trials evaluating tranexamic acid in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2006;132(3):475–478. [PubMed: 16935098]

Murphy MF, Docherty S, Greenfield P. Survey of the information given to patients about blood transfusion and the need for consent before transfusion. Transfusion Medicine. 1997;7(4):287–288. [PubMed: 9510926]

Murphy MF, Fraser E, Miles D, Noel S, Staves J, Cripps B, et al. How do we monitor hospital transfusion practice using an end-to-end electronic transfusion management system? Transfusion. 2012;52(12):2502–2512. [PubMed: 22230038]

Murphy S, Litwin S, Herring LM, Koch P, Remischovsky J, Donaldson MH, et al. Indications for platelet transfusion in children with acute leukemia. American Journal of Hematology. 1982;12(4):347–356. [PubMed: 6981349]

Na HS, Shin SY, Hwang JY, Jeon YT, Kim CS, Do SH. Effects of intravenous iron combined with low-dose recombinant human erythropoietin on transfusion requirements in iron-deficient patients undergoing bilateral total knee replacement arthroplasty. Transfusion. 2011;51(1):118–124. [PubMed: 20624257]

Naumenko SE, Pokrovskii MG, Belavin AS, Kim SF. Blood-saving effectiveness of preoperative reservation of autoblood for surgical treatment of ischemic heart disease. Vestnik Khirurgii Imeni II Grekova. 2003;162(2):59–64. [PubMed: 14606149]

Neilipovitz DT, Murto K, Hall L, Barrowman NJ, Splinter WM. A randomized trial of tranexamic acid to reduce blood transfusion for scoliosis surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2001;93(1):82–87. [PubMed: 11429344]

Newman JH, Bowers M, Murphy J. The clinical advantages of autologous transfusion. A randomized, controlled study after knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 1997;79(4):630–632. [PubMed: 9250753]

Nielsen K, Dahl B, Johansson PI, Henneberg SW, Rasmussen LS. Intraoperative transfusion threshold and tissue oxygenation: a randomised trial. Transfusion Medicine. 2012;22(6):418–425. [PubMed: 23121563]

Niranjan G, Asimakopoulos G, Karagounis A, Cockerill G, Thompson M, Chandrasekaran V. Effects of cell saver autologous blood transfusion on blood loss and homologous blood transfusion requirements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery on- versus off-cardiopulmonary bypass: a randomised trial. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2006;30(2):271–277. [PubMed: 16829083]

Niskanen RO, Korkala OL. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in cemented hip arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blind study of 39 patients with osteoarthritis. Acta Orthopaedica. 2005;76(6):829–832. [PubMed: 16470437]

Noddeland H, Tollofsrud S, Svennevig J, Bentsen G, Brosstad F, Solheim B. Universal solvent/detergent-treated fresh frozen plasma (Uniplas--rationale and clinical properties. Thrombosis Research. 2002;107 Suppl 1:S33–S37. [PubMed: 12379291]

Nouraei M, Gholipour BA, Ghafari R, Habibi MR, Emami ZA, Sharifi N. Decreasing blood loss and the need for transfusion after CABG surgery: A double-blind randomized clinical trial of topical tranexamic acid. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013;43(2):273–278.

Ohsaka A, Abe K, Ohsawa T, Miyake N, Sugita S, Tojima I. A computer-assisted transfusion management system and changed transfusion practices contribute to appropriate management of blood components. Transfusion. 2008;48(8):1730–1738. [PubMed: 18482189]

Olijhoek G, Megens JG, Musto P, Nogarin L, Gassmann-Mayer C, Vercammen E, et al. Role of oral versus IV iron supplementation in the erythropoietic response to rHuEPO: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Transfusion. 2001;41(7):957–963. [PubMed: 11452166]

Oremus K, Sostaric S, Trkulja V, Haspl M. Influence of tranexamic acid on postoperative autologous blood retransfusion in primary total hip and knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Transfusion. 2014;54(1):31–41. [PubMed: 23614539]

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Purchasing power parities (PPP). 2013. [7 June 2012]. Available from: http://www​.oecd.org/std/ppp.

Orpen NM, Little C, Walker G, Crawfurd EJP. Tranexamic acid reduces early post-operative blood loss after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomised controlled trial of 29 patients. Knee. 2006;13(2):106–110. [PubMed: 16487712]

Page R, Russell GN, Fox MA, Fabri BM, Lewis I, Williets T. Hard-shell cardiotomy reservoir for reinfusion of shed mediastinal blood. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1989;48(4):514–517. [PubMed: 2802852]

Parrot D, Lancon JP, Merle JP, Rerolle A, Bernard A, Obadia JF, et al. Blood salvage in cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1991;5(5):454–456. [PubMed: 1932650]

Penta de Peppo A, Pierri MD, Scafuri A, De Paulis R, Colantuono G, Caprara E, et al. Intraoperative antifibrinolysis and blood-saving techniques in cardiac surgery. Prospective trial of 3 antifibrinolytic drugs. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 1995;22(3):231–236. [PMC free article: PMC325258] [PubMed: 7580360]

Pentti J, Syrjala M, Pettila V. Computerized quality assurance of decisions to transfuse blood components to critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2003;47(8):973–978. [PubMed: 12904189]

Perel P, Ker K, Morales Uribe CH, Roberts I. Tranexamic acid for reducing mortality in emergency and urgent surgery. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013;(1) CD010245. [PMC free article: PMC8925276] [PubMed: 23440847]

Pfizer. Prospective randomised phase IV open label comparative study of tranexamic acid plus standard care versus standard care for the reduction of blood loss in subjects undergoing surgery for long bone fracture. PhRMA Web Synopsis. 2011. Protocol B1461005.

Pinheiro de Almeida J, Vincent JL, Barbosa Gomes Galas FR, Pinto Marinho de Almeida E, Fukushima JT, Osawa EA, et al. Transfusion requirements in surgical oncology patients: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2015;122:29–38. [PubMed: 25401417]

Pinosky ML, Kennedy DJ, Fishman RL, Reeves ST, Alpert CC, Ecklund J, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass when compared to epsilon aminocaproic acid and placebo. Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 1997;12(5):330–338. [PubMed: 9635271]

Pleym H, Tjomsland O, Asberg A, Lydersen S, Wahba A, Bjella L, et al. Effects of autotransfusion of mediastinal shed blood on biochemical markers of myocardial damage in coronary surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2005;49(9):1248–1254. [PubMed: 16146460]

Pleym H, Stenseth R, Wahba A, Bjella L, Karevold A, Dale O. Single-dose tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary surgery in patients treated with aspirin until surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2003;96(4):923–928. [PubMed: 12651635]

Podesta A, Carmagnini E, Parodi E, Dottori V, Crivellari R, Barberis L, et al. Elective coronary and valve surgery without blood transfusion in patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin-alpha). Minerva Cardioangiologica. 2000;48(11):341–347. [PubMed: 11214425]

Pugh SC, Wielogorski AK. A comparison of the effects of tranexamic acid and low-dose aprotinin on blood loss and homologous blood usage in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1995;9(3):240–244. [PubMed: 7545448]

Qvist N, Boesby S, Wolff B, Hansen CP. Recombinant human erythropoietin and hemoglobin concentration at operation and during the postoperative period: reduced need for blood transfusions in patients undergoing colorectal surgery - prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study. World Journal of Surgery. 1999;23:30–35. [PubMed: 9841760]

Rainaldi MP, Tazzari PL, Scagliarini G, Borghi B, Conte R. Blood salvage during caesarean section. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 1998;80(2):195–198. [PubMed: 9602584]

Rajesparan K, Biant LC, Ahmad M, Field RE. The effect of an intravenous bolus of tranexamic acid on blood loss in total hip replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 2009;91(6):776–783. [PubMed: 19483232]

Ramstrom G, Sindet-Pedersen S, Hall G, Blomback M, Alander U. Prevention of postsurgical bleeding in oral surgery using tranexamic acid without dose modification of oral anticoagulants. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 1993;51(11):1211–1216. [PubMed: 8229393]

Rana R, Afessa B, Keegan MT, Whalen FXJ, Nuttall GA, Evenson LK, et al. Evidence-based red cell transfusion in the critically ill: quality improvement using computerized physician order entry. Critical Care Medicine. 2006;34(7):1892–1897. [PubMed: 16691136]

Rannikko A, Petas A, Taari K. Tranexamic acid in control of primary hemorrhage during transurethral prostatectomy. Urology. 2004;64(5):955–958. [PubMed: 15533485]

Raviraj A, Anand A, Chakravarthy M, Kumarswamy S, Prabhu A, Pai S. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized control trial. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. 2012;22(5):381–386.

Razavi SA, Carter AB, Puskas JD, Gregg SR, Aziz IF, Buchman TG. Reduced red blood cell transfusion in cardiothoracic surgery after implementation of a novel clinical decision support tool. Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 2014;219:1028–1036. [PubMed: 25026877]

Rebulla P, Finazzi G, Marangoni F, Avvisati G, Gugliotta L, Tognoni G, et al. The threshold for prophylactic platelet transfusions in adults with acute myeloid leukemia. Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Maligne dell'Adulto. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;337(26):1870–1875. [PubMed: 9407153]

Reid RW, Zimmerman AA, Laussen PC, Mayer JE, Gorlin JB, Burrows FA. The efficacy of tranexamic acid versus placebo in decreasing blood loss in pediatric patients undergoing repeat cardiac surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1997;84(5):990–996. [PubMed: 9141920]

Reyes G, Prieto M, Alvarez P, Orts M, Bustamante J, Santos G, et al. Cell saving systems do not reduce the need of transfusion in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2011;12(2):189–193. [PubMed: 21118833]

Riou B, Arock M, Guerrero M, Ramos M, Thoreux P, Guillosson JJ, et al. Haematological effects of postoperative autotransfusion in spinal surgery. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1994;38(4):336–341. [PubMed: 8067219]

Ritter MA, Keating EM, Faris PM. Closed wound drainage in total hip or total knee replacement. A prospective, randomized study. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 1994;76(1):35–38. [PubMed: 8288663]

Rollo VJ, Hozack WJ, Rothman RH, Chao W, Eng KO. Prospective randomized evaluation of blood salvage techniques for primary total hip arthroplasty. Journal of Arthroplasty. 1995;10(4):532–539. [PubMed: 8523015]

Rosencher N, Vassilieff V, Tallet F, Toulon P, Leoni J, Tomeno B, et al. Comparison of Orth-Evac and Solcotrans Plus devices for the autotransfusion of blood drained after total knee joint arthroplasty. Annales Francaises D'Anesthesie Et De Reanimation. 1994;13(3):318–325. [PubMed: 7992939]

Rothschild JM, McGurk S, Honour M, Lu L, McClendon AA, Srivastava P, et al. Assessment of education and computerized decision support interventions for improving transfusion practice. Transfusion. 2007;47(2):228–239. [PubMed: 17302768]

Roy SP, Tanki UF, Dutta A, Jain SK, Nagi ON. Efficacy of intra-articular tranexamic acid in blood loss reduction following primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2012;20(12):2494–2501. [PubMed: 22419263]

Sa-Ngasoongsong P, Channoom T, Kawinwonggowit V, Woratanarat P, Chanplakorn P, Wibulpolprasert B, et al. Postoperative blood loss reduction in computer-assisted surgery total knee replacement by low dose intra-articular tranexamic acid injection together with 2-hour clamp drain: a prospective triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. Orthopedic Reviews. 2011;3(2):e12. [PMC free article: PMC3206515] [PubMed: 22053253]

Sa-Ngasoongsong P, Wongsak S, Chanplakorn P, Woratanarat P, Wechmongkolgorn S, Wibulpolprasert B, et al. Efficacy of low-dose intra-articular tranexamic acid in total knee replacement; a prospective triple-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2013;14:340. [PMC free article: PMC4234192] [PubMed: 24308672]

Saberi H, Miri SM, Namdar MP. The effects of topically applied tranexamic acid on reduction of postlaminectomy hemorrhage. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2010;68(9):527–533.

Sadeghi M, Mehr-Aein A. Does a single bolus dose of tranexamic acid reduce blood loss and transfusion requirements during hip fracture surgery? A prospective randomized double blind study in 67 patients. Acta Medica Iranica. 2007;45(6):437–442.

Sait MS, Earnshaw P. Autotransfusion in total knee arthroplasty - Is it worth the effort? Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 1999;18(Suppl 2):244.

Samnaliev M, Tran CM, Sloan SR, Gasior I, Lightdale JR, Brustowicz RM. Economic evaluation of cell salvage in pediatric surgery. Paediatric Anaesthesia. 2013;23(11):1027–1034. [PubMed: 23952976]

Sankar D, Krishnan R, Veerabahu M, Vikraman B. Evaluation of the efficacy of tranexamic acid on blood loss in orthognathic surgery. A prospective, randomized clinical study. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2012;41(6):713–717. [PubMed: 22340993]

Santos ATL, Kalil RAK, Bauemann C, Pereira JB, Nesralla IA. A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study with tranexamic acid of bleeding and fibrinolytic activity after primary coronary artery bypass grafting. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research. 2006;39(1):63–69. [PubMed: 16400465]

Schaff HV, Hauer JM, Bell WR, Gardner TJ, Donahoo JS, Gott VL, et al. Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after cardiac surgery: a prospective study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1978;75(4):632–641. [PubMed: 642556]

Scheurer DB, Roy CL, McGurk S, Kachalia A. Effectiveness of computerized physician order entry with decision support to reduce inappropriate blood transfusions. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management. 2010;17(1):17–26.

Schmidt H, Folsgaard S, Mortensen PE, Jensen E. Impact of autotransfusion after coronary artery bypass grafting on oxygen transport. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 1997;41(8):995–1001. [PubMed: 9311397]

Schonberger JP, Bredee J, Speekenbrink RG, Everts PA, Wildevuur CR. Autotransfusion of shed blood contributes additionally to blood saving in patients receiving aprotinin (2 million KIU). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1993;7(9):474–477. [PubMed: 7692899]

Scott SN, Boeve TJ, McCulloch TM, Fitzpatrick KA, Karnell LH. The effects of epoetin alfa on transfusion requirements in head and neck cancer patients: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Laryngoscope. 2002;112(7 Pt 1):1221–1229. [PubMed: 12169903]

Sensebe L, Giraudeau B, Bardiaux L, Deconinck E, Schmidt A, Bidet ML, et al. The efficiency of transfusing high doses of platelets in hematologic patients with thrombocytopenia: results of a prospective, randomized, open, blinded end point (PROBE) study. Blood. 2005;105(2):862–864. [PubMed: 15367427]

Seo JG, Moon YW, Park SH, Kim SM, Ko KR. The comparative efficacies of intra-articular and IV tranexamic acid for reducing blood loss during total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2013;21(8):1869–1874. [PubMed: 22729012]

Serrano-Trenas JA, Ugalde PF, Cabello LM, Chofles LC, Lazaro PS, Benitez PC. Role of perioperative intravenous iron therapy in elderly hip fracture patients: a single-center randomized controlled trial. Transfusion. 2011;51(1):97–104. [PubMed: 20630042]

Sethna NF, Zurakowski D, Brustowicz RM, Bacsik J, Sullivan LJ, Shapiro F. Tranexamic acid reduces intraoperative blood loss in pediatric patients undergoing scoliosis surgery. Anesthesiology. 2005;102(4):727–732. [PubMed: 15791100]

Shahid A, Khan A. Tranexamic acid in decreasing blood loss during and after caesarean section. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan. 2013;23(7):459–462. [PubMed: 23823946]

Shander A, Hofmann A, Ozawa S, Theusinger OM, Gombotz H, Spahn DR. Activity-based costs of blood transfusions in surgical patients at four hospitals. Transfusion. 2010;50(4):753–765. [PubMed: 20003061]

Shehata N, Burns LA, Nathan H, Hebert P, Hare GMT, Fergusson D, et al. A randomized controlled pilot study of adherence to transfusion strategies in cardiac surgery. Transfusion. 2012;52(1):91–99. [PubMed: 21790621]

Shenolikar A, Wareham K, Newington D, Thomas D, Hughes J, Downes M. Cell salvage auto transfusion in total knee replacement surgery. Transfusion Medicine. 1997;7(4):277–280. [PubMed: 9510924]

Shi J, Ji H, Ren F, Wang G, Xu M, Xue Y, et al. Protective effects of tranexamic acid on clopidogrel before coronary artery bypass grafting: a multicenter randomized trial. JAMA Surgery. 2013;148(6):538–547. [PubMed: 23426385]

Shi J, Wang G, Lv H, Yuan S, Wang Y, Ji H, et al. Tranexamic acid in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting without clopidogrel and aspirin cessation: randomized trial and 1-year follow-up. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2013;95(3):795–802. [PubMed: 22959576]

Shirvani R. An evaluation of clinical aspects of post-operative autotransfusion, either alone or in conjunction with pre-operative aspirin, in cardiac surgery. British Journal of Clinical Practice. 1991;45(2):105–108. [PubMed: 1793694]

Shore-Lesserson L, Reich DL, Vela-Cantos F, Ammar T, Ergin MA. Tranexamic acid reduces transfusions and mediastinal drainage in repeat cardiac surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 1996;83(1):18–26. [PubMed: 8659732]

Simpson MB, Murphy KP, Chambers HG, Bucknell AL. The effect of postoperative wound drainage reinfusion in reducing the need for blood transfusions in elective total joint arthroplasty: a prospective, randomized study. Orthopedics. 1994;17(2):133–137. [PubMed: 8190677]

Sindet-Pedersen S, Ramstrom G, Bernvil S, Blomback M. Hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid mouthwash in anticoagulant-treated patients undergoing oral surgery. New England Journal of Medicine. 1989;320(13):840–843. [PubMed: 2648144]

Sirvinskas E, Veikutiene A, Benetis R, Grybauskas P, Andrejaitiene J, Veikutis V, et al. Influence of early re-infusion of autologous shed mediastinal blood on clinical outcome after cardiac surgery. Perfusion. 2007;22(5):345–352. [PubMed: 18416221]

Slagis SV, Benjamin JB, Volz RG, Giordano GF. Postoperative blood salvage in total hip and knee arthroplasty. A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 1991;73(4):591–594. [PubMed: 1906472]

Slichter SJ, Kaufman RM, Assmann SF, McCullough J, Triulzi DJ, Strauss RG, et al. Dose of prophylactic platelet transfusions and prevention of hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine. 2010;362(7):600–613. [PMC free article: PMC2951321] [PubMed: 20164484]

Smith LK, Williams DH, Langkamer VG. Post-operative blood salvage with autologous retransfusion in primary total hip replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 2007;89(8):1092–1097. [PubMed: 17785752]

So-Osman C. Cost effectiveness of patient blood management methods. Vox Sanguinis. 2014;107:11–12.

So-Osman C, Nelissen RG, Eikenboom HC, Brand A. Efficacy, safety and user-friendliness of two devices for postoperative autologous shed red blood cell re-infusion in elective orthopaedic surgery patients: A randomized pilot study. Transfusion Medicine. 2006;16(5):321–328. [PubMed: 16999754]

So-Osman C, Nelissen RGHH, Koopman-van Gemert AWMM, Kluyver E, Poll RG, Onstenk R, et al. Patient blood management in elective total hip- and knee-replacement surgery (part 1): a randomized controlled trial on erythropoietin and blood salvage as transfusion alternatives using a restrictive transfusion policy in erythropoietin-eligible patients. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(4):839–851. [PubMed: 24424070]

Sorin A, Claeys MA, Jansen A, D'Haese J, Camu F. Reduction of blood loss by tranexamic acid in total knee replacement. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 1999;81-B(Suppl II):234.

Sowade O, Warnke H, Scigalla P, Sowade B, Franke W, Messinger D, et al. Avoidance of allogeneic blood transfusions by treatment with epoetin beta (recombinant human erythropoietin) in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Blood. 1997;89(2):411–418. [PubMed: 9002942]

Spark JI, Chetter IC, Kester RC, Scott DJ. Allogeneic versus autologous blood during abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 1997;14(6):482–486. [PubMed: 9467524]

Speekenbrink RG, Vonk AB, Wildevuur CR, Eijsman L. Hemostatic efficacy of dipyridamole, tranexamic acid, and aprotinin in coronary bypass grafting. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1995;59(2):438–442. [PubMed: 7531423]

Stanworth SJ, Walsh TS, Prescott RJ, Lee RJ, Watson DM, Wyncoll D. A national study of plasma use in critical care: Clinical indications, dose and effect on prothrombin time. Critical Care. 2011;15(2):R108. [PMC free article: PMC3219386] [PubMed: 21466676]

Stanworth SJ, Dyer C, Choo L, Bakrania L, Copplestone A, Llewelyn C, et al. Do all patients with hematologic malignancies and severe thrombocytopenia need prophylactic platelet transfusions? Background, rationale, and design of a clinical trial (trial of platelet prophylaxis) to assess the effectiveness of prophylactic platelet transfusions. Transfusion Medicine Reviews. 2010;24(3):163–171. [PubMed: 20656185]

Stanworth SJ, Estcourt LJ, Powter G, Kahan BC, Dyer C, Choo L, et al. A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368(19):1771–1780. [PubMed: 23656642]

Stowell CP, Jones SC, Enny C, Langholff W, Leitz G. An open-label, randomized, parallel-group study of perioperative epoetin alfa versus standard of care for blood conservation in major elective spinal surgery: safety analysis. Spine. 2009;34(23):2479–2485. [PubMed: 19927096]

Taghaddomi RJ, Mirzaee A, Attar AS, Shirdel A. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss in off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2009;23(3):312–315. [PubMed: 19103500]

Tanaka N, Sakahashi H, Sato E, Hirose K, Ishima T, Ishii S. Timing of the administration of tranexamic acid for maximum reduction in blood loss in arthroplasty of the knee. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery British Volume. 2001;83(5):702–705. [PubMed: 11476309]

Tempe D, Bajwa R, Cooper A, Nag B, Tomar AS, Khanna SK, et al. Blood conservation in small adults undergoing valve surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 1996;10(4):502–506. [PubMed: 8776645]

Tempe DK, Banerjee A, Virmani S, Mehta N, Panwar S, Tomar AS, et al. Comparison of the effects of a cell saver and low-dose aprotinin on blood loss and homologous blood usage in patients undergoing valve surgery. Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia. 2001;15(3):326–330. [PubMed: 11426363]

Thomas D, Wareham K, Cohen D, Hutchings H. Autologous blood transfusion in total knee replacement surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2001;86(5):669–673. [PubMed: 11575343]

Thomassen BJW, den Hollander PHC, Kaptijn HH, Nelissen RGHH, Pilot P. Autologous wound drains have no effect on allogeneic blood transfusions in primary total hip and knee replacement: a three-arm randomised trial. Bone and Joint Journal. 2014;96-B(6):765–771. [PubMed: 24891576]

Thomassen BJW, Pilot P, Scholtes VAB, Grohs JG, Holen K, Bisbe E, et al. Limit allogeneic blood use with routine re-use of patient's own blood: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial in total hip surgery. PloS One. 2012;7(9):e44503. [PMC free article: PMC3441549] [PubMed: 23028549]

Thurer RL, Lytle BW, Cosgrove DM, Loop FD. Autotransfusion following cardiac operations: a randomized, prospective study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1979;27(6):500–507. [PubMed: 454027]

Tibbelin A, Aust R, Bende M, Holgersson M, Petruson B, Rundcrantz H, et al. Effect of local tranexamic acid gel in the treatment of epistaxis. ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties. 1995;57(4):207–209. [PubMed: 7478455]

Tinmouth A, Tannock IF, Crump M, Tomlinson G, Brandwein J, Minden M, et al. Low-dose prophylactic platelet transfusions in recipients of an autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplant and patients with acute leukemia: a randomized controlled trial with a sequential Bayesian design. Transfusion. 2004;44(12):1711–1719. [PubMed: 15584985]

Tomeczkowski J, Stern S, Muller A, von Heymann C. Potential cost saving of epoetin alfa in elective hip or knee surgery due to reduction in blood transfusions and their side effects: a discrete-event simulation model. PloS One. 2013;8(9):e72949. [PMC free article: PMC3767728] [PubMed: 24039829]

Trimble AS, Osborn JJ, Kerth WJ, Gerbode F. The prophylactic use of fresh frozen plasma after extracoporeal circulation. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1964;48:314–316. [PubMed: 14205066]

Tripkovic B, Bukovic D, Sakic K, Sakic S, Bukovic N, Radakovic B. Quality of the blood sampled from surgical drainage after total hip arthroplasty. Collegium Antropologicum. 2008;32(1):153–160. [PubMed: 18494201]

Turner CL, Casbard AC, Murphy MF. Barcode technology: its role in increasing the safety of blood transfusion. Transfusion. 2003;43(9):1200–1209. [PubMed: 12919421]

Unsworth-White MJ, Kallis P, Cowan D, Tooze JA, Bevan DH, Treasure T. A prospective randomised controlled trial of postoperative autotransfusion with and without a heparin-bonded circuit. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 1996;10(1):38–47. [PubMed: 8776184]

Uriz MJ, Antelo ML, Zalba S, Ugalde N, Pena E, Corcoz A. Improved traceability and transfusion safety with a new portable computerised system in a hospital with intermediate transfusion activity. Blood Transfusion. 2011;9(2):172–181. [PMC free article: PMC3096861] [PubMed: 21251464]

van Aart L, Eijkhout HW, Kamphuis JS, Dam M, Schattenkerk ME, Schouten TJ, et al. Individualized dosing regimen for prothrombin complex concentrate more effective than standard treatment in the reversal of oral anticoagulant therapy: an open, prospective randomized controlled trial. Thrombosis Research. 2006;118(3):313–320. [PubMed: 16182346]

Van Elst C, Vanbiervliet J, Simon JP, Corten K. The effect of topical application of tranexamic acid in total hip arthroplasty through the direct anterior apporach. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting. 2013

Vanek T, Jares M, Fajt R, Straka Z, Jirasek K, Kolesar M, et al. Fibrinolytic inhibitors in off-pump coronary surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind TAP study (tranexamic acid, aprotinin, placebo). European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2005;28(4):563–568. [PubMed: 16125959]

Veien M, Sorensen JV, Madsen F, Juelsgaard P. Tranexamic acid given intraoperatively reduces blood loss after total knee replacement: a randomized, controlled study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. 2002;46(10):1206–1211. [PubMed: 12421192]

Verma K, Errico T, Diefenbach C, Hoelscher C, Peters A, Dryer J, et al. The relative efficacy of antifibrinolytics in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective randomized trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 2014;96(10):e80. [PubMed: 24875032]

Vermeijden WJ, Van Klarenbosch J, Gu YJ, Mariani MA, Buhre WF, Scheeren TWL, et al. Effects of cell-saving devices and filters on transfusion in cardiac surgery: A multicenter randomized study. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2015;99(1):26–32. [PubMed: 25440265]

Vijay BS, Bedi V, Mitra S, Das B. Role of tranexamic acid in reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirement in patients undergoing hip and femoral surgeries. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia. 2013;7(1):29–32. [PMC free article: PMC3657919] [PubMed: 23717228]

Villanueva C, Colomo A, Bosch A, Concepcion M, Hernandez-Gea V, Aracil C, et al. Transfusion strategies for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368(1):11–21. [PubMed: 23281973]

Vitale MG, Roye BD, Ruchelsman DE, Roye DP. Preoperative use of recombinant human erythropoietin in pediatric orthopedics: a decision model for long-term outcomes. Spine Journal. 2007;7(3):292–300. United States. [PubMed: 17482112]

Walsh TS, Boyd JA, Watson D, Hope D, Lewis S, Krishan A, et al. Restrictive versus liberal transfusion strategies for older mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a randomized pilot trial. Critical Care Medicine. 2013;41(10):2354–2363. [PubMed: 23939351]

Walsh TS, Stanworth SJ, Prescott RJ, Lee RJ, Watson DM, Wyncoll D, et al. Prevalence, management, and outcomes of critically ill patients with prothrombin time prolongation in United Kingdom intensive care units. Critical Care Medicine. 2010;38(10):1939–1946. [PubMed: 20639745]

Wandt H, Schaefer-Eckart K, Wendelin K, Pilz B, Wilhelm M, Thalheimer M, et al. Therapeutic platelet transfusion versus routine prophylactic transfusion in patients with haematological malignancies: an open-label, multicentre, randomised study. Lancet. 2012;380(9850):1309–1316. [PubMed: 22877506]

Wang G, Xie G, Jiang T, Wang Y, Wang W, Ji H, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss after off-pump coronary surgery: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2012;115(2):239–243. [PubMed: 21737704]

Ward HB, Smith RR, Landis KP, Nemzek TG, Dalmasso AP, Swaim WR. Prospective, randomized trial of autotransfusion after routine cardiac operations. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 1993;56(1):137–141. [PubMed: 8328844]

Weber EWG, Slappendel R, Hemon Y, Mahler S, Dalen T, Rouwet E, et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on blood transfusions and postoperative recovery in orthopaedic surgery: the European Epoetin Alfa Surgery Trial (EEST). European Journal of Anaesthesiology. 2005;22(4):249–257. [PubMed: 15892401]

Wei M, Jian K, Guo Z, Wang L, Jiang D, Zhang L, et al. Tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. 2006;40(2):105–109. [PubMed: 16608780]

Weltert L, D'Alessandro S, Nardella S, Girola F, Bellisario A, Maselli D, et al. Preoperative very short-term, high-dose erythropoietin administration diminishes blood transfusion rate in off-pump coronary artery bypass: a randomized blind controlled study. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2010;139(3):621–626. [PubMed: 20042202]

Westerberg M, Bengtsson A, Jeppsson A. Coronary surgery without cardiotomy suction and autotransfusion reduces the postoperative systemic inflammatory response. Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 2004;78(1):54–59. [PubMed: 15223402]

Wiefferink A, Weerwind PW, van Heerde W, Teerenstra S, Noyez L, de Pauw BE, et al. Autotransfusion management during and after cardiopulmonary bypass alters fibrin degradation and transfusion requirements. Journal of Extra-Corporeal Technology. 2007;39(2):66–70. [PMC free article: PMC4680668] [PubMed: 17672185]

Wong J, Abrishami A, El Beheiry H, Mahomed NN, Roderick Davey J, Gandhi R, et al. Topical application of tranexamic acid reduces postoperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery American Volume. 2010;92(15):2503–2513. [PubMed: 21048170]

Wong J, El Beheiry H, Rampersaud YR, Lewis S, Ahn H, De Silva Y, et al. Tranexamic Acid reduces perioperative blood loss in adult patients having spinal fusion surgery. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2008;107(5):1479–1486. [PubMed: 18931202]

Wu CC, Ho WM, Cheng SB, Yeh DC, Wen MC, Liu TJ, et al. Perioperative parenteral tranexamic acid in liver tumor resection: a prospective randomized trial toward a “blood transfusion”-free hepatectomy. Annals of Surgery. 2006;243(2):173–180. [PMC free article: PMC1448924] [PubMed: 16432349]

Wurnig C, Schatz K, Noske H, Hemon Y, Dahlberg G, Josefsson G, et al. Subcutaneous low-dose epoetin beta for the avoidance of transfusion in patients scheduled for elective surgery not eligible for autologous blood donation. European Surgical Research. 2001;33(5-6):303–310. [PubMed: 11805389]

Xu J, Gao W, Ju Y. Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section: a double-blind randomization trial. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2013;287(3):463–468. [PubMed: 23064441]

Yamasaki S, Masuhara K, Fuji T. Tranexamic acid reduces blood loss after cementless total hip arthroplasty-prospective randomized study in 40 cases. International Orthopaedics. 2004;28(2):69–73. [PMC free article: PMC3474476] [PubMed: 15224162]

Yang Y, Lv YM, Ding PJ, Li J, Ying-Ze Z. The reduction in blood loss with intra-articular injection of tranexamic acid in unilateral total knee arthroplasty without operative drains: a randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology. 2014. Epub. [PubMed: 24816760]

Yasim A, Asik R, Atahan E. Effects of topical applications of aprotinin and tranexamic acid on blood loss after open heart surgery. Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. 2005;5(1):36–40. [PubMed: 15755701]

Yerrabothala S, Desrosiers KP, Szczepiorkowski ZM, Dunbar NM. Significant reduction in red blood cell transfusions in a general hospital after successful implementation of a restrictive transfusion policy supported by prospective computerized order auditing. Transfusion. 2014;54(10 Pt 2):2640–2645. [PubMed: 24673396]

Yoo YC, Shim JK, Kim JC, Jo YY, Lee JH, Kwak YL. Effect of single recombinant human erythropoietin injection on transfusion requirements in preoperatively anemic patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. Anesthesiology. 2011;115(5):929–937. [PubMed: 22027622]

Yue C, Kang P, Yang P, Xie J, Pei F. Topical application of tranexamic acid in primary total hip arthroplasty: a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Journal of Arthroplasty. 2014;29(12):2452–2456. [PubMed: 24793893]

Zacharopoulos A, Apostolopoulos A, Kyriakidis A. The effectiveness of reinfusion after total knee replacement. A prospective randomised controlled study. International Orthopaedics. 2007;31(3):303–308. [PMC free article: PMC2267590] [PubMed: 16810542]

Zhang XF, Dong JM, Gong ML, Shen SM, Zhou Y, Pan YF, et al. Effectiveness of preoperative autologous plateletpheresis combined with intraoperative autotransfusion on the blood coagulation in orthopaedic patients. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. [Chinese Journal of Surgery]. 2008;46(2):118–121. [PubMed: 18509970]

Zhao K, Xiao M, Deng S. Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after open heart operation. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. [Chinese Journal of Surgery]. 1996;34(8):497–499. [PubMed: 9594199]

Zhao K, Xu J, Hu S, Wu Q, Wei Y, Liu Y. Autotransfusion of shed mediastinal blood after open heart surgery. Chinese Medical Journal. 2003;116(8):1179–1182. [PubMed: 12935406]

Zohar E, Ellis M, Ifrach N, Stern A, Sapir O, Fredman B. The postoperative blood-sparing efficacy of oral versus intravenous tranexamic acid after total knee replacement. Anesthesia and Analgesia. 2004;99(6):1679–1683. [PubMed: 15562053]

Zonis Z, Seear M, Reichert C, Sett S, Allen C. The effect of preoperative tranexamic acid on blood loss after cardiac operations in children. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 1996;111(5):982–987. [PubMed: 8622323]

Zufferey PJ, Miquet M, Quenet S, Martin P, Adam P, Albaladejo P, et al. Tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery: a randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2010;104(1):23–30. [PubMed: 19926634]

Zumberg MS, del Rosario ML, Nejame CF, Pollock BH, Garzarella L, Kao KJ, et al. A prospective randomized trial of prophylactic platelet transfusion and bleeding incidence in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: 10,000/L versus 20,000/microL trigger. Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation. 2002;8(10):569–576. [PubMed: 12434952]