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National Guideline Alliance (UK). Faltering Growth – recognition and management. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2017 Sep. (NICE Guideline, No. 75.)
H.1. Weight loss in the first days of life
| Reference | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Bakar, F. T., Ozen, A., Karatepe, H. O., Berber, M., Ercan, H., Impact of early weight loss on growth of Caesarean delivered babies: how long does it last?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 38, 706–13, 2012 | Small sample size (<500 participants) |
| Burwick, R., Shipp, T., Early neonatal weight loss differs by mode of delivery in healthy term and late preterm neonates, American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1), S91, 2012 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Butler, D. A., MacMillan, J. P., Relationship of breast feeding and weight loss to jaundice in the newborn period: review of the literature and results of a study, Cleveland Clinic Quarterly, 50, 263–8, 1983 | The study provided data of excess weight loss in relation to milk supply but not on normal weight loss |
| Caglar, M. K., Ozer, I., Altugan, F. S., Risk factors for excess weight loss and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants, Brazilian Journal of Medical & Biological Research, 39, 539–44, 2006 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Catov, J. M., Lee, M. J., Xu, J., Simhan, H. N., Decreasing birth weight among term pregnancies: Are babies getting smaller?, Reproductive Sciences, 1), 103A, 2013 | This abstract does report on small & large for gestational age and mean birth weight in term infants, but not on weight loss |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Early parenteral nutrition and growth outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Provisional abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Chang, R. J., Chou, H. C., Chang, Y. H., Chen, M. H., Chen, C. Y., Hsieh, W. S., Tsao, P. N., Weight loss percentage prediction of subsequent neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in exclusively breastfed neonates, Pediatrics & Neonatology, 53, 41–4, 2012 | Weight loss percentage is only reported by incidence of hyperbilirubinemia: which was not one of the outcomes reported in the protocol – please see report on thresholds associated with adverse events |
| Chantry, C. J., Nommsen-Rivers, L. A., Peerson, J. M., Cohen, R. J., Dewey, K. G., Excess weight loss in first-born breastfed newborns relates to maternal intrapartum fluid balance, Pediatrics, 127, e171–e179, 2011 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Chen, C. F., Hsu, M. C., Shen, C. H., Wang, C. L., Chang, S. C., Wu, K. G., Wu, S. C., Chen, S. J., Influence of breast-feeding on weight loss, jaundice, and waste elimination in neonates, Pediatrics & Neonatology, 52, 85–92, 2011 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Cohn, A., A simple method for assessing if weight loss is greater or less than 10%, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90, 88, 2005 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Cole, T. J., Statnikov, Y., Santhakumaran, S., Pan, H., Modi, N., Birth weight and longitudinal growth in infants born below 32 weeks’ gestation: A UK population study, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 99, F34–F40, 2014 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Crossland, D. S., Richmond, S., Hudson, M., Smith, K., Abu-Harb, M., Weight change in the term baby in the first 2 weeks of life, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 97, 425–429, 2008 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Flaherman, V. J., Beiler, J. S., Cabana, M. D., Paul, I. M., Relationship of newborn weight loss to milk supply concern and anxiety: the impact on breastfeeding duration, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12, 463–72, 2016 | The study provided data of excess weight loss in relation to milk supply but not on normal weight loss |
| Flaherman, V. J., McKean, M., Cabana, M. D., The effect of birth weight on exclusive breastfeeding through 3 months, Breastfeeding Medicine, 6, S10, 2011 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Fonseca, M. J., Santos, A. C., Umbilical cord blood adipokines and newborn weight change.[Erratum appears in Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2016 Jan;293(1):229], Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 291, 1037–40, 2015 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Gianni, M. L., Roggero, P., Orsi, A., Piemontese, P., Garbarino, F., Bracco, B., Garavaglia, E., Agosti, M., Mosca, F., Body composition changes in the first 6 months of life according to method of feeding, Journal of Human Lactation, 30, 148–55, 2014 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Henrichs, J., Schenk, J. J., Roza, S. J., van den Berg, M. P., Schmidt, H. G., Steegers, E. A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., Maternal psychological distress and fetal growth trajectories: the Generation R Study, Psychological Medicine, 40, 633–43, 2010 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Kirchengast, S., Hartmann, B., Association between maternal age at menarche and newborn size, Social Biology, 47, 114–26, 2000 | No data on weight loss was provided |
| Manganaro, R., Marseglia, L., Mami, C., Palmara, A., Paolata, A., Loddo, S., Gargano, R., Mondello, M., Gemelli, M., Breast milk sodium concentration, sodium intake and weight loss in breastfeeding newborn infants, British Journal of Nutrition, 97, 344–8, 2007 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Marchini, G., Fried, G., Ostlund, E., Hagenas, L., Plasma leptin in infants: relations to birth weight and weight loss, Pediatrics, 101, 429–32, 1998 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Martin-Calama, J., Bunuel, J., Valero, M. T., Labay, M., Lasarte, J. J., Valle, F., de Miguel, C., The effect of feeding glucose water to breastfeeding newborns on weight, body temperature, blood glucose, and breastfeeding duration, Journal of Human Lactation, 13, 209–13, 1997 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Mezzacappa, M. A., Ferreira, B. G., Excessive weight loss in exclusively breastfed full-term newborns in a Baby-Friendly Hospital, Revista Paulista de Pediatria, 34, 281–6, 2016 | Setting is a low income country (Brazil) |
| Moyses, H. E., Johnson, M. J., Leaf, A. A., Cornelius, V. R., Early parenteral nutrition and growth outcomes in preterm infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 97, 816–26, 2013 | No data on weight loss has been reported |
| Nastasi, S., McNamara, J., Wyble, J., Weiss, L., Wyble, L., Williams, M., Post delivery weight loss for exclusively or nearly exclusively breastfed infants in a suburban, non-teaching, lower minority, baby-friendly hospital, Breastfeeding Medicine, 8, S10–S11, 2013 | Abstract only, N=651 but insufficient detail to include in the analysis (e.g. does not report the number born vaginally versus caesarean section) |
| Noel-Weiss, J., Courant, G., Woodend, A. K., Physiological weight loss in the breastfed neonate: a systematic review, Open Medicine: A Peer-reviewed, Independent, Open-access Journal, 2, e99–e110, 2008 | This systematic review included 3 studies from low income countries and 3 studies with small sample size (<500). The remaining 2 studies (Macdonald and Manganaro) have been retrieved for inclusion in the review |
| Oddie, S. J., Craven, V., Deakin, K., Westman, J., Scally, A., Severe neonatal hypernatraemia: a population based study, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 98, F384–7, 2013 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Preer, G. L., Newby, P. K., Philipp, B. L., Weight loss in exclusively breastfed infants delivered by cesarean birth, Journal of Human Lactation, 28, 153–8, 2012 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Puscasiu, L., Roman, H., Newman, R., Hulsey, T. F., Hulsey, T. C., Mircea, O., Association of pre-pregnant body mass index and gestational weight gain with the timing of delivery and fetal growth in singletons, Gineco.eu, 9, 161–166, 2013 | No infants were included in this study (only women) |
| Schaefer, E. W., Flaherman, V. J., Kuzniewicz, M. W., Li, S. X., Walsh, E. M., Paul, I. M., External Validation of Early Weight Loss Nomograms for Exclusively Breastfed Newborns, Breastfeeding Medicine: The Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 10, 458–63, 2015 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Tarcan, A., Tiker, F., Vatandas, N. S., Haberal, A., Gurakan, B., Weight loss and hypernatremia in breast-fed babies: frequency in neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice, Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 41, 484–7, 2005 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Timmermans, S., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., SteegersTheunissen, R. P., Steegers, E. A., Periconception folic acid supplementation, fetal growth and the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth: the Generation R Study, British Journal of Nutrition, 102, 777–85, 2009 | This study reports on associations between periconception folic acid supplementation and fetal growth but does not report on weight loss in babies |
| van Dommelen, P., Boer, S., Unal, S., van Wouwe, J. P., Charts for weight loss to detect hypernatremic dehydration and prevent formula supplementing, Birth, 41, 153–9, 2014 | No data on weight loss was reported |
| Zuppa, A. A., Sindico, P., Antichi, E., Carducci, C., Alighieri, G., Cardiello, V., Cota, F., Romagnoli, C., Weight loss and jaundice in healthy term newborns in partial and full rooming-in, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 22, 801–5, 2009 | The feeding models (partial and full rooming-in) are not relevant for the protocol of this review |
H.2. Thresholds for faltering growth
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Argyle, J., Approaches to detecting growth faltering in infancy and childhood, Annals of Human Biology, 30, 499–519, 2003 | Narrative study; relevant definition or outcomes for the protocol not included |
| Batchelor, J. A., Has recognition of failure to thrive changed?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 22, 235–40, 1996 | Small sample size (n=310) |
| Bouma, S., Diagnosing Pediatric Malnutrition: Paradigm Shifts of Etiology-Related Definitions and Appraisal of the Indicators, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 20, 20, 2016 | Narrative review |
| Briend, A., Bari, A., Critical assessment of the use of growth monitoring for identifying high risk children in primary health care programmes, BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 298, 1607–11, 1989 | Setting is a low income country |
| Briones, E., Perea, E., Ruiz, M. P., Torro, C., Gili, M., The Andalusian Nutritional Survey: comparison of the nutritional status of Andalusian children aged 6–60 months with that of the NCHS/CDC reference population, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 67, 409–16, 1989 | Study focused on reporting prevalence only |
| Butte, N. E., Garza, C., de Onis, M., Evaluation of the feasibility of international growth standards for school-aged children and adolescents, Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 27, S169–74, 2006 | Narrative review; relevant population, definition or outcomes have not been included |
| de Onis, M., Garza, C., Victora, C. G., The WHO Multicentre Growth Reference Study: strategy for developing a new international growth reference, Forum of Nutrition, 56, 238–40, 2003 | This is a review study |
| Din, Z. U., Emmett, P., Steer, C., Emond, A., Growth outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC, Pediatrics, 131, e843–e849, 2013 | This study did not report on thresholds. Will be included in the growth monitoring review. |
| Din, Z., Emmett, P. M., Emond, A. M., Do infants with weight faltering subsequently catch-up?, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96, A14, 2011 | This is a conference abstract of a included study in this systematic review (Din, 2013) |
| Drotar, D., Pallotta, J., Eckerle, D., A prospective study of family environments of children hospitalized for nonorganic failure-tothrive, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 15, 78–85, 1994 | No relevant outcomes have been reported |
| Eisenegger, C., Allenspach-Moser, S., Lallemand, D., Who growth charts replacing national reference data: Their influence on screening for over-or underweight and of growth disorders, Hormone Research in Paediatrics, 82, 410, 2014 | Narrative study; not relevant outcomes included |
| Emond, A. M., Blair, P. S., Emmett, P. M., Drewett, R. F., Weight faltering in infancy and IQ levels at 8 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Pediatrics, 120, e1051–8, 2007 | This study did not report on thresholds. Will be included in the growth monitoring review. |
| Flegal, K. M., Wei, R., Ogden, C., Weight-for-stature compared with body mass index-for-age growth charts for the United States from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 75, 761–766, 2002 | Study does not report any of the outcomes relevant for the protocol |
| Fredriks, A. M., van Buuren, S., van Heel, W. J., Dijkman-Neerincx, R. H., Verloove-Vanhorick, S. P., Wit, J. M., Nationwide age references for sitting height, leg length, and sitting height/height ratio, and their diagnostic value for disproportionate growth disorders, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 90, 807–12, 2005 | Population included is not relevant for the protocol |
| Heltshe, S. L., Borowitz, D. S., Leung, D. H., Ramsey, B., Mayer-Hamblett, N., Early attained weight and length predict growth faltering better than velocity measures in infants with CF, Journal of Cystic Fibrosis, 13, 723–9, 2014 | Indirect population |
| Holme, A. R., Blair, P. S., Emond, A. M., Psychosocial and educational outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC, BMJ Open, 3 (7) (no pagination), 2013 | Outcomes considered in this study (educational, psychosocial) are not included in the protocol |
| Isanaka, S., Villamor, E., Shepherd, S., Grais, R. F., Assessing the impact of the introduction of the World Health Organization growth standards and weight-for-height z-score criterion on the response to treatment of severe acute malnutrition in children: secondary data analysis, Pediatrics, 123, e54–9, 2009 | Setting is a low income country |
| Kerac, M., Egan, R., Mayer, S., Walsh, A., Seal, A., New WHO growth standards: roll-out needs more resources, Lancet, 374, 100–2, 2009 | Narrative study; definition for growth is based on population from low income countries |
| Kerac, M., Seal, A., Blencowe, H., Bunn, J., Improved assessment of child nutritional status using target weights and a novel, low-cost, weight-for-height slide chart, Tropical Doctor, 39, 23–6, 2009 | Review study focused on presenting a slide chart, not relevant for the protocol |
| Mackner, L. M., Starr, R. H., Jr., Black, M. M., The cumulative effect of neglect and failure to thrive on cognitive functioning, Child Abuse & Neglect, 21, 691–700, 1997 | The study looked at associations between failure to thrive, cognitive functioning and neglect and did not present with a comparison group |
| Mwangome, M. K., Berkley, J. A., The reliability of weight-for-length/height Z scores in children, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 10, 474–80, 2014 | Low income countries are the setting of the included studies in this systematic review |
| Nash, A., Corey, M., Sherwood, K., Secker, D., Saab, J., O’Connor, D. L., Growth assessment in infants and toddlers using three different reference charts, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 40, 283–8, 2005 | Study did not include any of the relevant outcomes for the protocol |
| Olsen, E. M., Failure to thrive: still a problem of definition, Clinical Pediatrics, 45, 1–6, 2006 | Narrative review |
| Olsen, E. M., Skovgaard, A. M., Weile, B., Jorgensen, T., Risk factors for failure to thrive in infancy depend on the anthropometric definitions used: the Copenhagen County Child Cohort, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 21, 418–31, 2007 | The included population in this study is not followed up; any of the outcomes included in the protocol is included |
| O’Neill, S. M., Hannon, G., Khashan, A. S., Hourihane, J. O. B., Kenny, L. C., Kiely, M., Murray, D. M., Thin-for-gestational age infants are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental delay at 2 years, Archives of Disease in Childhood., 20, 2016 | Weight data was reported at at birth only. |
| Pelletier, D., Theoretical considerations related to cutoff points, Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 27, S224–36, 2006 | Population and outcomes not relevant for the study protocol |
| Pritchard, N., A practical approach to the assessment of faltering growth in the infant and toddler, Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom), 25, 433–436, 2015 | Narrative review |
| Raynor, P., Rudolf, M. C., Anthropometric indices of failure to thrive, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 364–5, 2000 | Study under 500 participants |
| Samson-Fang, L.J., Stevenson, R.D., Identification of malnutrition in children with cerebral palsy: poor performance of weight-for-height centiles, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 42, 162–168, 2000 | Small sample size; not relevant outcomes were listed |
| Seal, A., Kerac, M., Operational implications of using 2006 World Health Organization growth standards in nutrition programmes: secondary data analysis, BMJ, 334, 733, 2007 | Setting is a low income country |
| Shah, P. S., Wong, K. Y., Merko, S., Bishara, R., Dunn, M., Asztalos, E., Darling, P. B., Postnatal growth failure in preterm infants: ascertainment and relation to long-term outcome, Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 34, 484–9, 2006 | Excluded on the basis of small sample size (n=221) |
| Simondon, K. B., Simondon, F., Cornu, A., Delpeuch, F., The utility of infancy weight curves for the prediction of linear growth retardation in preschool children, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 80, 1–6, 1991 | Study conducted in a low income country |
| Steward, D. K., Ryan-Wenger, N. A., Boyne, L. J., Selection of growth parameters to define failure to thrive, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 18, 52–9, 2003 | Narrative review |
| Vesel, L., Bahl, R., Penny, M., Kirkwoodd, B. R., Arthur, P., Morris, S., Amenga-Etego, S., Zandoh, C., Boahen, O., Bhandari, N., Bhan, M. K., Wahed, M. A., Lanata, C. F., Butron, B., Huapaya, A. R., Rivera, K. B., Moulton, L. H., Ram, M., Kjolhede, C. L., Propper, L., Martines, J., Underwood, B., Use of new World Health Organization child growth standards to assess how infant malnutrition relates to breastfeeding and mortality, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 39–48, 2010 | Population sourced from a low income country |
| Vignerova, J., Paulova, M., Shriver, L. H., Riedlova, J., Schneidrova, D., Kudlova, E., Lhotska, L., The prevalence of wasting in Czech infants: a comparison of the WHO child growth standards and the Czech growth references, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 8, 249–58, 2012 | Population included in this study is not followed up, relevant outcomes have not been included |
| Wang, Y., Moreno, L. A., Caballero, B., Cole, T. J., Limitations of the current world health organization growth references for children and adolescents, Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 27, S175–88, 2006 | Narrative study; the focus is on overweight and obesity |
| Whitehead, R. G., Paul, A. A., Growth charts and the assessment of infant feeding practices in the western world and in developing countries, Early Human Development, 9, 187–207, 1984 | Narrative review |
| Wilcox, W. D., Nieburg, P., Miller, D. S., Failure to thrive. A continuing problem of definition, Clinical Pediatrics, 28, 391–4, 1989 | Narrative review |
| Wright, C. M., Identification and management of failure to thrive: a community perspective, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 5–9, 2000 | Narrative study; definition of criteria and outcomes do not match the study protocol |
| Wright, C. M., Garcia, A. L., Child undernutrition in affluent societies: what are we talking about?, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71, 545–55, 2012 | This study did not report on thresholds. Will be included in the growth monitoring review. |
| Wright, C. M., Sachs, M., Short, J., Sharp, L., Cameron, K., Moy, R. J., Designing new UK-WHO growth charts: implications for health staff use and understanding of charts and growth monitoring, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 8, 371–9, 2012 | Small sample size; study does not match the population directness and outcomes as defined by the protocol |
| Wright, C. M., Talbot, E., Screening for failure to thrive-what are we looking for?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 22, 223–34, 1996 | Narrative study, no relevant population or outcomes have been included |
| Wright, C., Avery, A., Epstein, M., Birks, E., Croft, D., New chart to evaluate weight faltering, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 78, 40–3, 1998 | Study does not meet the population directness or outcomes as defined by the procol |
| Wright, J. A., Ashenburg, C. A., Whitaker, R. C., Comparison of methods to categorize undernutrition in children, Journal of Pediatrics, 124, 944–6, 1994 | Study under 500 participants |
H.3. Weight loss associated with adverse outcomes
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Aka, N., Arpaci,, Vural, F., Kose, G., Perinatal and neonatal outcomes of maternal heart diseases, Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, 43, 560–564, 2016 | Comorbid heart disease population |
| Auth, M. K. H., Vora, R., Kokai, G., Investigation of chronic diarrhoea, Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom), 26, 423–432, 2016 | Narrative review |
| Bakar, F. T., Ozen, A., Karatepe, H. O., Berber, M., Ercan, H., Impact of early weight loss on growth of Caesarean delivered babies: how long does it last?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 38, 706–13, 2012 | No comparison group |
| Bertini, G., Breschi, R., Dani, C., Physiological weight loss chart helps to identify high-risk infants who need breastfeeding support, Acta Paediatrica, 104, 1024–7, 2015 | No comparison group |
| Bertino, E., Coscia, A., Mombro, M., Boni, L., Rossetti, G., Fabris, C., Spada, E., Milani, S., Postnatal weight increase and growth velocity of very low birthweight infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 91, F349–56, 2006 | No appropriate comparison group |
| Buehler, J. W., Kleinman, J. C., Hogue, C. J., Strauss, L. T., Smith, J. C., Birth weight-specific infant mortality, United States, 1960 and 1980, Public Health Reports, 102, 151–61, 1987 | Reports mortality risk by birth weight |
| Caglar, M. K., Ozer, I., Altugan, F. S., Risk factors for excess weight loss and hypernatremia in exclusively breast-fed infants, Brazilian Journal of Medical & Biological Research, 39, 539–44, 2006 | Not high income country study |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Low birth weight or diagnosis, which is a higher risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies (Provisional abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Population is newborns with LBW and congenital heart disease. |
| Chen, C. F., Hsu, M. C., Shen, C. H., Wang, C. L., Chang, S. C., Wu, K. G., Wu, S. C., Chen, S. J., Influence of breast-feeding on weight loss, jaundice, and waste elimination in neonates, Pediatrics & Neonatology, 52, 85–92, 2011 | No relevant data |
| Ericson, J. E., Arnold, C., Cheeseman, J., Cho, J., Kaneko, S., Wilson, E., Clark, R. H., Benjamin, D. K., Chu, V., Smith, P. B., Hornik, C. P., Use and safety of erythromycin and metoclopramide in hospitalized infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 61, 334–339, 2015 | Does not use weight loss threshold |
| Flaherman, V. J., Bokser, S., Newman, T. B., First-day newborn weight loss predicts in-hospital weight nadir for breastfeeding infants, Breastfeeding Medicine: The Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 5, 165–8, 2010 | Data only for effect of 4–5% weight loss on outcome of eventual 10% weight loss |
| Flaherman, V. J., Kuzniewicz, M. W., Li, S., Walsh, E., McCulloch, C. E., Newman, T. B., First-day weight loss predicts eventual weight nadir for breastfeeding newborns, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 98, F488–92, 2013 | Study examining assoc. bt high weight loss (5%) during first 24h birth and eventual >=10% weight loss |
| Flaherman, V. J., Schaefer, E. W., Kuzniewicz, M. W., Li, S. X., Walsh, E. M., Paul, I. M., Early weight loss nomograms for exclusively breastfed newborns, Pediatrics, 135, e16–23, 2015 | No relevant comparison group |
| Fonseca, M. J., Severo, M., Barros, H., Santos, A. C., Determinants of weight changes during the first 96 hours of life in full-term newborns, Birth, 41, 160–8, 2014 | Compares newborns <=−9.4% and->=−4.1% weight loss but data collected between 24–72 hours after delivery |
| Fonseca, M. J., Severo, M., Correia, S., Santos, A. C., Effect of birth weight and weight change during the first 96h of life on childhood body composition-path analysis, International Journal of Obesity, 39, 579–85, 2015 | No relevant outcomes/comparison group |
| Griffiths, L. J., Smeeth, L., Hawkins, S. S., Cole, T. J., Dezateux, C., Effects of infant feeding practice on weight gain from birth to 3 years, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 94, 577–82, 2009 | No threshold data |
| Grossman, X., Chaudhuri, J. H., Feldman-Winter, L., Merewood, A., Neonatal weight loss at a US Baby-Friendly Hospital, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition & Dietetics, 112, 410–3, 2012 | No comparison group |
| Horimukai, K., Morita, K., Narita, M., Kondo, M., Kabashima, S., Inoue, E., Sasaki, T., Niizeki, H., Saito, H., Matsumoto, K., Ohya, Y., Transepidermal water loss measurement during infancy can predict the subsequent development of atopic dermatitis regardless of filaggrin mutations, Allergology International, 65, 103–8, 2016 | Does not use weight loss threshold |
| Irwin, L., Omekara, F., Traa, C., Eldredge, D., In-hospital weight loss in breastfeeding newborns during initial post-delivery period, Breastfeeding Medicine, 6, S12, 2011 | Conference abstract |
| Iyer, N. P., Srinivasan, R., Evans, K., Ward, L., Cheung, W. Y., Matthes, J. W., Impact of an early weighing policy on neonatal hypernatraemic dehydration and breast feeding.[Erratum appears in Arch Dis Child. 2008 Jun;93(6):547], Archives of Disease in Childhood, 93, 297–9, 2008 | Insufficient number of participants (<100) |
| Kaufman, J., Phadke, D., Tong, S., Eshelman, J., Newman, S., Ruzas, C., da Cruz, E. M., Osorio, S., Clinical Associations of Early Dysnatremias in Critically Ill Neonates and Infants Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, Pediatric Cardiology, 1–6, 2016 | Comorbid heart disease population |
| Keely, A., Cunningham-Burley, S., Elliott, L., Sandall, J., Whittaker, A., “If she wants to eat…and eat and eat…fine! It’s gonna feed the baby”: Pregnant women and partners’ perceptions and experiences of pregnancy with a BMI >40kg/m(2), Midwifery, 28, 28, 2016 | Qualitative study |
| Lassaletta, A., Scheinemann, K., Zelcer, S. M., Hukin, J., Wilson, B. A., Jabado, N., Carret, A. S., Lafay-Cousin, L., Larouche, V., Hawkins, C. E., Pond, G. R., Poskitt, K., Keene, D., Johnston, D. L., Eisenstat, D. D., Krishnatry, R., Mistry, M., Arnoldo, A., Ramaswamy, V., Huang, A., Bartels, U., Tabori, U., Bouffet, E., Phase II weekly vinblastine for chemotherapy-naive children with progressive low-grade glioma: A Canadian pediatric brain tumor consortium study, Journal of Clinical Oncology, 34, 3537–3543, 2016 | Cancer study |
| Levine, A. C., Glavis-Bloom, J., Modi, P., Nasrin, S., Atika, B., Rege, S., Robertson, S., Schmid, C. H., Alam, N. H., External validation of the DHAKA score and comparison with the current IMCI algorithm for the assessment of dehydration in children with diarrhoea: a prospective cohort study, The Lancet Global Health, 4, e744–e751, 2016 | Low income country study |
| Macdonald, P. D., Ross, S. R., Grant, L., Young, D., Neonatal weight loss in breast and formula fed infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 88, F472–6, 2003 | No specified time point/threshold |
| Majeed, S., King, K. C., Hypernatremia in the extremely low-birth-weight infants: A retrospective study, Children’s Hospital Quarterly, 6, 133–137, 1995 | Insufficient number of participants (<100). |
| Manganaro, R., Mami, C., Marrone, T., Marseglia, L., Gemelli, M., Incidence of dehydration and hypernatremia in exclusively breastfed infants, Journal of Pediatrics, 139, 673–5, 2001 | No relevant data |
| Martens, P. J., Romphf, L., Factors associated with newborn in-hospital weight loss: comparisons by feeding method, demographics, and birthing procedures, Journal of Human Lactation, 23, 233–41, quiz 242–5, 2007 | No relevant data |
| Merlob, P., Aloni, R., Prager, H., Jelin, N., Idel, M., Kotona, J., Continued weight loss in the newborn during the third day of life as an indicator of early weaning, Israel Journal of Medical Sciences, 30, 646–8, 1994 | No relevant outcomes |
| Mestrovic, Z., Roje, D., Vulic, M., Zec, M., Calculation of optimal gestation weight gain in pre-pregnancy underweight women due to body mass index change in relation to mother’s height, Archives of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 14, 14, 2016 | Does not use weight loss threshold |
| Mustufa, M. A., Sheikh, M. A., Taseer, I. U., Raza, S. J., Arshad, M. S., Akhter, T., Arain, G. M., Habibullah, S., Safdar, S., Firdous, R., Adnan, M., Trajectory of cause of death among brought dead neonates in tertiary care public facilities of Pakistan: A multicenter study, World Journal of Pediatrics, 23, 23, 2016 | Low income country study |
| Nastasi, S., McNamara, J., Wyble, J., Weiss, L., Wyble, L., Williams, M., Post delivery weight loss for exclusively or nearly exclusively breastfed infants in a suburban, non-teaching, lower minority, baby-friendly hospital, Breastfeeding Medicine, 8, S10–S11, 2013 | Poster abstract |
| Noel-Weiss, J., Courant, G., Woodend, A. K., Physiological weight loss in the breastfed neonate: a systematic review, Open Medicine: A Peer-reviewed, Independent, Open-access Journal, 2, e99–e110, 2008 | No relevant articles |
| Oddie, S., Richmond, S., Coulthard, M., Hypernatraemic dehydration and breast feeding: a population study, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 85, 318–20, 2001 | No appropriate comparison group |
| Pathai, S., Cumberland, P. M., Rahi, J. S., Prevalence of and early-life influences on childhood strabismus: Findings from the millennium cohort study, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 164, 250–257, 2010 | Does not use weight loss threshold |
| Preer, G. L., Newby, P. K., Philipp, B. L., Weight loss in exclusively breastfed infants delivered by cesarean birth, Journal of Human Lactation, 28, 153–8, 2012 | No relevant outcomes |
| Regnault, N., Botton, J., Blanc, L., Hankard, R., Forhan, A., Goua, V., Thiebaugeorges, O., Kaminski, M., Heude, B., Charles, M. A., Eden mother-child cohort study group, Determinants of neonatal weight loss in term-infants: specific association with prepregnancy maternal body mass index and infant feeding mode, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 96, F217–22, 2011 | No relevant outcomes |
| Regnault, N., Botton, J., Blanc, L., Hankard, R., Forhan, A., Thiebaugeorges, O., Kaminski, M., Heude, B., Charles, M. A., De Agostini, M., Ducimetiere, P., Saurel-Cubizolles, M. J., Dargent, P., Fritel, X., Larroque, B., Lelong, N., Marchand, L., Nabet, C., Annesi-Maesano, I., Slama, R., Goua, V., Magnin, G., Schweitzer, M., Foliguet, B., Job-Spira, N., Determinants of neonatal weight loss in term-infants: Specific association with pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index and infant feeding mode, Archives of Disease in Childhood: Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 96, F217–F222, 2011 | No information on adverse outcomes |
| Smith, S. L., Kirchhoff, K. T., Chan, G. M., Squire, S. J., Patterns of postnatal weight changes in infants with very low and extremely low birth weights, Heart & Lung, 23, 439–45, 1994 | Insufficient number of participants (<100). |
| Suchomlinov, A., Tutkuviene, J., The absence of physiological neonatal weight loss on the 1st-5th day is associated with decreased later physical indices, Annals of Human Biology, 1–5, 2016 | No comparison group |
| Tarcan, A., Tiker, F., Vatandas, N. S., Haberal, A., Gurakan, B., Weight loss and hypernatremia in breast-fed babies: frequency in neonates with non-hemolytic jaundice, Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 41, 484–7, 2005 | Not high income country study/<100 participants |
| Thijs, H. F. H., Massawe, A. W., Okken, A., Coenraads, P. J., Muskiet, F. A. J., Huisman, M., Boersma, E. R., Measurement of transepidermal water loss in Tanzanian cot-nursed neonates and its relation to postnatal weight loss, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 85, 356–360, 1996 | Low income country study |
| Verd, S., de Sotto, D., Fernandez, C., Gutierrez, A., The Effects of Mild Gestational Hyperglycemia on Exclusive Breastfeeding Cessation, Nutrients, 8, 19, 2016 | Does not use weight loss threshold |
| Verma, R. P., Shibli, S., Fang, H., Komaroff, E., Clinical determinants and utility of early postnatal maximum weight loss in fluid management of extremely low birth weight infants, Early Human Development, 85, 59–64, 2009 | No comparison group |
| Wright, C. M., Parkinson, K. N., Postnatal weight loss in term infants: what is normal and do growth charts allow for it?, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 89, F254–7, 2004 | No comparison group |
| Yang, W. C., Zhao, L. L., Li, Y. C., Chen, C. H., Chang, Y. J., Fu, Y. C., Wu, H. P., Bodyweight loss in predicting neonatal hyperbilirubinemia 72 hours after birth in term newborn infants, BMC Pediatrics, 13, 145, 2013 | Provides data by hyperbilirubinemia status |
| Zuppa, A. A., Sindico, P., Antichi, E., Carducci, C., Alighieri, G., Cardiello, V., Cota, F., Romagnoli, C., Weight loss and jaundice in healthy term newborns in partial and full rooming-in, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 22, 801–5, 2009 | Not clear when measurement time point |
H.4. Differences in feeding and eating
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abadie, V., Andre, A., Zaouche, A., Thouvenin, B., Baujat, G., Schmitz, J., Early feeding resistance: A possible consequence of neonatal oro-oesophageal dyskinesia, Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 90, 738–745, 2001 | Cases included do not present with faltering growth |
| Ammaniti, M., Ambruzzi, A. M., Lucarelli, L., Cimino, S., D’Olimpio, F., Malnutrition and dysfunctional mother-child feeding interactions: clinical assessment and research implications, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 23, 259–71, 2004 | Cases were children with feeding disorders and faltering growth and were not separated for reporting the results or doing the analyses |
| Aviram, I., Atzaba-Poria, N., Pike, A., Meiri, G., Yerushalmi, B., Mealtime dynamics in child feeding disorder: the role of child temperament, parental sense of competence, and paternal involvement, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40, 45–54, 2015 | Outcomes not relevant for the protocol |
| Berkowitz, C. D., Senter, S. A., Characteristics of mother-infant interactions in nonorganic failure to thrive, Journal of Family Practice, 25, 377–81, 1987 | The assessment of the interactions were done while the mother-infant were playing but not at mealtime |
| Black, M. M., Krishnakumar, A., Predicting longitudinal growth curves of height and weight using ecological factors for children with and without early growth deficiency, Journal of Nutrition, 129, 539S–543S, 1999 | Not relevant population (low income) and definition of faltering growth does not match with the current definition used in this guideline |
| Dowdney, L., Skuse, D., Heptinstall, E., Puckering, C., Zur-Szpiro, S., Growth retardation and developmental delay amongst inner-city children, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 28, 529–41, 1987 | Outcomes reported by the study are not relevant for the protocol |
| Drewett, R. F., Corbett, S. S., Wright, C. M., Physical and emotional development, appetite and body image in adolescents who failed to thrive as infants, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 47, 524–31, 2006 | Outcomes reported by the study are not relevant for the protocol |
| Kerzner, B., Clinical investigation of feeding difficulties in young children: a practical approach, Clinical Pediatrics, 48, 960–5, 2009 | Narrative review |
| Lindberg, L., Ostberg, M., Isacson, I. M., Dannaeus, M., Feeding disorders related to nutrition, Acta Paediatrica, 95, 425–9, 2006 | Cases included in the study do not present with faltering growth |
| Lobo, M. L., Barnard, K. E., Coombs, J. B., Failure to thrive: a parent-infant interaction perspective, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 7, 251–61, 1992 | The control group also presented with faltering growth |
| Ramsay, M., Gisel, E. G., McCusker, J., Bellavance, F., Platt, R., Infant sucking ability, non-organic failure to thrive, maternal characteristics, and feeding practices: a prospective cohort study, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 405–14, 2002 | Infants included present with sucking difficulties |
| Wright, C. M., Parkinson, K. N., Drewett, R. F., How does maternal and child feeding behavior relate to weight gain and failure to thrive? Data from a prospective birth cohort, Pediatrics, 117, 1262–9, 2006 | Study does not present with a control or comparative group |
H.5. Approaches in assessing feeding and eating
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Ahmed, S., Goldberg, G. R., Roy, S. K., Raqib, R., Haque, S., Prentice, A., Dietary calcium and phosphate intake in the aetiology of rickets in bangladesh, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 63, 725, 2013 | Low income country study |
| Akman, S. A., Halicioglu, O., Koturoglu, G., Koc, F., Aslan, A., Sutcuoglu, S., Arikan, C., Kurugol, Z., The characteristics and eating habits of 2 to 6-year-old children with food refusal, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 50, E173, 2010 | Conference abstract, Turkish study |
| Ali, S. S., Dhaded, S. M., Goudar, S. S., The impact of nutrition on child development at 3 years in a rural community of India, International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 5, 494–499, 2014 | Lower-middle income country study |
| Ammaniti, M., Ambruzzi, A. M., Lucarelli, L., Cimino, S., D’Olimpio, F., Malnutrition and dysfunctional mother-child feeding interactions: clinical assessment and research implications, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 23, 259–71, 2004 | Cases were children with feeding disorders and faltering growth and were not separated for reporting the results or doing the analyses |
| Barnard, M. U., Wolf, L., Psychosocial failure to thrive. Nursing assessment and intervention, Nursing Clinics of North America, 8, 557–65, 1973 | Narrative review |
| Bell, L. K., Golley, R. K., Magarey, A. M., A short food-groupbased dietary questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing toddlers’ dietary risk in relatively advantaged samples.[Erratum appears in Br J Nutr. 2014 Nov 14;112(9):1587], British Journal of Nutrition, 112, 627–37, 2014 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Black, M. M., Tilton, N., Bento, S., Cureton, P., Feigelman, S., Recovery in Young Children with Weight Faltering: Child and Household Risk Factors, Journal of Pediatrics, 170, 301–6, 2016 | Not an assessment study |
| D’Angelo, S., Yajnik, C. S., Kumaran, K., Joglekar, C., Lubree, H., Crozier, S. R., Godfrey, K. M., Robinson, S. M., Fall, C. H., Inskip, H. M., S. W. S. Study Group, the, Pmns Study Group, Body size and body composition: a comparison of children in India and the UK through infancy and early childhood, Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 69, 1147–53, 2015 | No relevant assessment method |
| Dowdney, L., Skuse, D., Heptinstall, E., Puckering, C., Zur-Szpiro, S., Growth retardation and developmental delay amongst inner-city children, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 28, 529–41, 1987 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Drewett, R. F., Kasese-Hara, M., Wright, C., Feeding behaviour in young children who fail to thrive, Appetite, 40, 55–60, 2003 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Emmett, P., Dietary assessment in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 63 Suppl 1, S38–44, 2009 | Assessment methods were not directed to children with faltering growth |
| Emmett, P., Assessing diet in longitudinal birth cohort studies, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 23 Suppl 1, 154–73, 2009 | Expert review |
| Emmett, P. M., Jones, L. R., Diet, growth, and obesity development throughout childhood in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Nutrition Reviews, 73 Suppl 3, 175–206, 2015 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Emmett, P. M., Jones, L. R., Diet and growth in infancy: relationship to socioeconomic background and to health and development in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Nutrition Reviews, 72, 483–506, 2014 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Emmett, P. M., Jones, L. R., Northstone, K., Dietary patterns in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Nutrition Reviews, 73 Suppl 3, 207–30, 2015 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Emond, A., Drewett, R., Blair, P., Emmett, P., Postnatal factors associated with failure to thrive in term infants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 92, 115–9, 2007 | Not assessment study - weaning and feeding data were collected before faltering growth appeared |
| Evans, A., Seth, J. G., Smith, S., Harris, K. K., Loyo, J., Spaulding, C., Van Eck, M., Gottlieb, N., Parental feeding practices and concerns related to child underweight, picky eating, and using food to calm differ according to ethnicity/race, acculturation, and income, Maternal and child health journal, 15, 899–909, 2011 | Assessment methods are not relevant to review protocol. |
| Fledderjohann, J., Vellakkal, S., Khan, Z., Ebrahim, S., Stuckler, D., Quantifying the impact of rising food prices on child mortality in India: A cross-district statistical analysis of the District Level Household Survey, International Journal of Epidemiology, 45, 554–564, 2016 | Lower-middle income country mortality study |
| Frappier, P. A., Marino, B. L., Shishmanian, E., Nursing assessment of infant feeding problems, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 2, 37–44, 1987 | Narrative review |
| Garg, A., Chadha, R., Index for measuring the quality of complementary feeding practices in rural India, Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition, 27, 763–71, 2009 | Lower-middle income country study |
| Heptinstall, E., Puckering, C., Skuse, D., Start, K., Zur-Szpiro, S., Dowdney, L., Nutrition and mealtime behaviour in families of growth-retarded children, Human Nutrition - Applied Nutrition, 41, 390–402, 1987 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Hollen, L. I., Din, Z. U., Jones, L. R., Emond, A. M., Emmett, P., Are diet and feeding behaviours associated with the onset of and recovery from slow weight gain in early infancy?, British Journal of Nutrition, 111, 1696–1704, 2014 | ALSPAC study - risk factors for faltering growth rather than assessment of infants with faltering growth |
| Jansen, P. W., Roza, S. J., Jaddoe, V. W., Mackenbach, J. D., Raat, H., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: results from the population-based Generation R Study, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 9, 130, 2012 | Children included did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Kasese-Hara, M., Drewett, R., Wright, C., Sweetness preferences in 1-year-old children who fail to thrive, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 19, 253–257, 2001 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Kasese-Hara, M., Wright, C., Drewett, R., Energy compensation in young children who fail to thrive, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 43, 449–56, 2002 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Kulshrestha, R., Dalzell, M., Kumar, R., Utility of child eating behaviour questionnaire in assessment of feeding aversion in children with neurodisability, European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 13, S34, 2009 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Leung, A.K.C., Robson, W.L.M., Fagan, J.E., Assessment of the child with failure to thrive, American Family Physician, 48, 1432–1438, 1993 | Narrative review |
| MacPhee, M., Schneider, J., A clinical tool for nonorganic failureto-thrive feeding interactions, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 11, 29–39, 1996 | Nested case control study. It was included in the assessment (differences) review |
| Noble, S., Emmett, P., Differences in weaning practice, food and nutrient intake between breast- and formula-fed 4-month-old infants in England, Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 19, 303–13, 2006 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Parkinson, K. N., Wright, C. M., Drewett, R. F., Mealtime energy intake and feeding behaviour in children who fail to thrive: a population-based case-control study, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 45, 1030–5, 2004 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
| Ramsay, M., Gisel, E. G., McCusker, J., Bellavance, F., Platt, R., Infant sucking ability, non-organic failure to thrive, maternal characteristics, and feeding practices: a prospective cohort study, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 44, 405–14, 2002 | Infants included present with sucking difficulties |
| Ramsay, M., Martel, C., Porporino, M., Zygmuntowicz, C., The Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale: A brief bilingual screening tool for identifying feeding problems, Paediatrics & Child Health, 16, 147–e17, 2011 | Children included in the study do not present with faltering growth |
| Robertson, J., Puckering, C., Parkinson, K., Corlett, L., Wright, C., Mother-child feeding interactions in children with and without weight faltering; nested case control study, Appetite, 56, 753–9, 2011 | Nested case control study. It was included in the assessment (differences) review |
| Seiverling, L., Hendy, H. M., Williams, K., The Screening Tool of Feeding Problems applied to children (STEP-CHILD): psychometric characteristics and associations with child and parent variables, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 1122–9, 2011 | Included children did not present with faltering growth or weight gain concerns |
| Shields, B., Wacogne, I., Wright, C. M., Weight faltering and failure to thrive in infancy and early childhood, BMJ, 345, e5931, 2012 | Narrative review |
| Woods, J. N., Borrero, J. C., Laud, R. B., Borrero, C. S. W., Descriptive analyses of pediatric food refusal: The structure of parental attention, Behavior Modification, 34, 35–56, 2010 | Unclear whether faltering growth: included children were admitted to either an inpatient program or an intensive day treatment feeding program |
| Wright, C., Loughridge, J., Moore, G., Failure to thrive in a population context: two contrasting studies of feeding and nutritional status, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 59, 37–45, 2000 | Study does not use any assessment method for comparison |
H.6. Risk factors
| Reference | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Altemeier, W. A., 3rd, O’Connor, S. M., Sherrod, K. B., Vietze, P. M., Prospective study of antecedents for nonorganic failure to thrive, Journal of Pediatrics, 106, 360–5, 1985 | Small sample size (<100) |
| Avan, B., Richter, L. M., Ramchandani, P. G., Norris, S. A., Stein, A., Maternal postnatal depression and children’s growth and behaviour during the early years of life: exploring the interaction between physical and mental health, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95, 690–5, 2010 | Study was not conducted in a high-income country (South Africa) |
| Avan, B., Richter, L. M., Ramchandani, P. G., Norris, S. A., Stein, A., Maternal postnatal depression and children’s growth and behaviour during the early years of life: exploring the interaction between physical and mental health, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95, 690–5, 2010 | Study was not conducted in a high-income country (South Africa) |
| Aviram, I., Atzaba-Poria, N., Pike, A., Meiri, G., Yerushalmi, B., Mealtime dynamics in child feeding disorder: the role of child temperament, parental sense of competence, and paternal involvement, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 40, 45–54, 2015 | No outcomes of interest |
| Bauer, C. R., Perinatal effects of prenatal drug exposure. Neonatal aspects, Clinics in Perinatology, 26, 87–106, 1999 | This is a review and not an observational study |
| Bauer, C. R., Perinatal effects of prenatal drug exposure. Neonatal aspects, Clinics in Perinatology, 26, 87–106, 1999 | This is a review and not an observational study |
| Behar, A. R., Arancibia, M. M., [Maternal eating disorders and their influence on eating behavior of the children: a review of the literature], Revista Chilena de Pediatria, 85, 731–9, 2014 | Article not in English |
| Black, M. M., Tilton, N., Bento, S., Cureton, P., Feigelman, S., Recovery in Young Children with Weight Faltering: Child and Household Risk Factors, Journal of Pediatrics, 170, 301–6, 2016 | Small sample size (<500) |
| Blair, P. S., Drewett, R. F., Emmett, P. M., Ness, A., Emond, A. M., Family, socioeconomic and prenatal factors associated with failure to thrive in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), International Journal of Epidemiology, 33, 839–47, 2004 | This is a review and not an observational study |
| Block, R. W., Krebs, N. F., American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child, Abuse, Neglect,, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on, Nutrition, Failure to thrive as a manifestation of child neglect, Pediatrics, 116, 1234–7, 2005 | This is a review and not an observational study |
| Cooper, P. J., Whelan, E., Woolgar, M., Morrell, J., Murray, L., Association between childhood feeding problems and maternal eating disorder: role of the family environment, British Journal of Psychiatry, 184, 210–5, 2004 | No outcomes of interest |
| Daniel, M., Kleis, L., Cemeroglu, A. P., Etiology of failure to thrive in infants and toddlers referred to a pediatric endocrinology outpatient clinic, Clinical Pediatrics, 47, 762–5, 2008 | Children and young people included in this study presented with gastrointestinal disease. Additionally, small for gestational age was one of the studied risk factors but is unclear whether analysis adjusted for this |
| De Jesus, L. C., Pappas, A., Shankaran, S., Li, L., Das, A., Bell, E. F., Stoll, B. J., Laptook, A. R., Walsh, M. C., Hale, E. C., Newman, N. S., Bara, R., Higgins, R. D., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of, Health, Human Development Neonatal Research, Network, Outcomes of small for gestational age infants born at <27 weeks’ gestation, Journal of Pediatrics, 163, 55–60.e1–3, 2013 | Preterm infants |
| Doctor, B. A., O’Riordan, M. A., Kirchner, H. L., Shah, D., Hack, M., Perinatal correlates and neonatal outcomes of small for gestational age infants born at term gestation, American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 185, 652–9, 2001 | Outcomes only reported at birth |
| Dubowitz, H., Zuckerman, D. M., Bithoney, W. G., Newberger, E. H., Child abuse and failure to thrive: individual, familial, and environmental characteristics, Violence & Victims, 4, 191–201, 1989 | This study does not reach the minimum sample size stated in the protocol (n=41) |
| Easter, A., Howe, L. D., Tilling, K., Schmidt, U., Treasure, J., Micali, N., Growth trajectories in the children of mothers with eating disorders: a longitudinal study, BMJ Open, 4, e004453, 2014 | The outcome of this study was not faltering growth |
| Ekeus, C., Lindblad, F., Hjern, A., Short stature, smoking habits and birth outcome in international adoptees in Sweden, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 87, 1309–1314, 2008 | Cross sectional study; no outcomes of interest |
| Elwood, P. C., Sweetnam, P. M., Gray, O. P., Davies, D. P., Wood, P. D., Growth of children from 0–5 years: with special reference to mother’s smoking in pregnancy, Annals of Human Biology, 14, 543–57, 1987 | The population included did not present with faltering growth |
| Ester, W., Roza, S., Hoek, W., Susser, E., Tiemeier, H., Fetal size and eating behavior in childhood: the generation R study, European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 1), S191–S192, 2013 | Faltering growth was not an outcome in this study |
| Farrow, C., Blissett, J., Maternal cognitions, psychopathologic symptoms, and infant temperament as predictors of early infant feeding problems: A longitudinal study, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 128–134, 2006 | No outcomes of interest |
| Goh, L. H., How, C. H., Ng, K. H., Failure to thrive in babies and toddlers, Singapore Medical Journal, 57, 287–91, 2016 | Review study |
| Hack, M., Breslau, N., Weissman, B., Aram, D., Klein, N., Borawski, E., Effect of very low birth weight and subnormal head size on cognitive abilities at school age, New England Journal of Medicine, 325, 231–7, 1991 | Only cognitive abilities have been reported as an outcome |
| Hack, M., Schluchter, M., Cartar, L., Rahman, M., Cuttler, L., Borawski, E., Growth of very low birth weight infants to age 20 years, Pediatrics, 112, e30–8, 2003 | Multivariate analysis of correlates of weight, height and BMI z scores is only reported at 20 years. |
| Henrichs, J., Schenk, J. J., Barendregt, C. S., Schmidt, H. G., Steegers, E. A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W., Moll, H. A., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., Fetal growth from mid- to late pregnancy is associated with infant development: the Generation R Study, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 52, 644–51, 2010 | This study is not specifically related with faltering growth as the conclusion is that (faster) fetal growth is associated with lower risk of delayed infant development |
| Herman-Staab, B., Antecedents to nonorganic failure-to-thrive, Pediatric Nursing, 18, 579–83, 590, 1992 | Study not adjusted for confounders |
| Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W., Mackenbach, J. P., Moll, H. A., Snijders, R. F., Steegers, E. A., Verhulst, F. C., Witteman, J. C., Buller, H. A., Growth, development and health from early fetal life until young adulthood: the Generation R Study, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 18, 61–72, 2004 | Study focused in the scope of the Generation R study |
| Husain, N., Cruickshank, J. K., Tomenson, B., Khan, S., Rahman, A., Maternal depression and infant growth and development in British Pakistani women: a cohort study, BMJ Open, 2, e000523, 2012 | Faltering growth was not the outcome of this study |
| Hvelplund, C., Hansen, B. M., Koch, S. V., Andersson, M., Skovgaard, A. M., Perinatal Risk Factors for Feeding and Eating Disorders in Children Aged 0 to 3 Years, Pediatrics, 137, 1–8, 2016 | Only feeding and eating disorders have been reported as an outcome |
| Jaddoe, V. W., van Duijn, C. M., Franco, O. H., van der Heijden, A. J., van Iizendoorn, M. H., de Jongste, J. C., van der Lugt, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Moll, H. A., Raat, H., Rivadeneira, F., Steegers, E. A., Tiemeier, H., Uitterlinden, A. G., Verhulst, F. C., Hofman, A., The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012, European Journal of Epidemiology, 27, 739–56, 2012 | Not an observational study |
| Jaddoe, V. W., Verburg, B. O., de Ridder, M. A., Hofman, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Moll, H. A., Steegers, E. A., Witteman, J. C., Maternal smoking and fetal growth characteristics in different periods of pregnancy: the generation R study, American Journal of Epidemiology, 165, 1207–15, 2007 | This study has low birth weight as an outcome |
| Jansen, P. W., Roza, S. J., Jaddoe, V. W., Mackenbach, J. D., Raat, H., Hofman, A., Verhulst, F. C., Tiemeier, H., Children’s eating behavior, feeding practices of parents and weight problems in early childhood: results from the population-based Generation R Study, International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical Activity, 9, 130, 2012 | Not relevant outcomes; children with obesity have also been included |
| Kelleher,, Erratum: Risk factors and outcomes for failure to thrive in low birth weight preterm infants (Pediatrics (May 1993) 91 (941–948)), Pediatrics, 92, 190, 1993 | Erratum. Used for completing the funding of the study by Kelleher, 1993 |
| Kerr, M. A., Black, M. M., Krishnakumar, A., Failure-to-thrive, maltreatment and the behavior and development of 6-year-old children from low-income, urban families: a cumulative risk model, Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 587–98, 2000 | This study looks at failure to thrive as a risk factor for other aspects often seen in children |
| Leung, A. K., Robson, W. M., Fagan, J. E., Assessment of the child with failure to thrive, American Family Physician, 48, 1432–8, 1993 | This is a review and not an observational study |
| McDougall, P., Drewett, R. F., Hungin, A. P., Wright, C. M., The detection of early weight faltering at the 6–8-week check and its association with family factors, feeding and behavioural development, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 94, 549–52, 2009 | This study looked at the association between weight faltering and family factors, feeding and behavioural development rather than the risk factors for weight faltering |
| Micali, N., Simonoff, E., Stahl, D., Treasure, J., Maternal eating disorders and infant feeding difficulties: maternal and child mediators in a longitudinal general population study, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 52, 800–7, 2011 | The outcome for maternal eating difficulties are infant eating difficulties and not faltering growth |
| Miller, B. S., Kroupina, M. G., Iverson, S. L., Masons, P., Narad, C., Himes, J. H., Johnson, D. E., Petryk, A., Auxological evaluation and determinants of growth failure at the time of adoption in Eastern European adoptees, Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology, 22, 31–9, 2009 | Risk factors included in this study are not considered in the protocol |
| Motion, S., Northstone, K., Emond, A., Persistent early feeding difficulties and subsequent growth and developmental outcomes, Ambulatory Child Health, 7, 231–237, 2001 | Analysis did not adjust for critical confounders |
| Nutzenadel, W., Failure to thrive in childhood, Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 108, 642–9, 2011 | Not in English |
| O’Keeffe, L. M., Kearney, P. M., Greene, R. A., Zuccolo, L., Tilling, K., Lawlor, D. A., Howe, L. D., Maternal alcohol use during pregnancy and offspring trajectories of height and weight: A prospective cohort study, Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 153, 323–9, 2015 | Not faltering growth infants |
| Ong, K. K. L., Preece, M. A., Emmett, P. M., Ahmed, M. L., Dunger, D. B., Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: Longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis, Pediatric Research, 52, 863–867, 2002 | This study is not addressing faltering growth |
| Ounsted, M., Scott, A., Smoking during pregnancy. Its association with other maternal factors and birth weight, Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 61, 367–371, 1982 | Study did not adjust for confounders |
| Reilly, S.M., Skuse, D.H., Wolke, D., Stevenson, J., Oral-motor dysfunction in children who fail to thrive: organic or non-organic?, Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 41, 115–122, 1999 | N=47 |
| Robertson, J., Puckering, C., Parkinson, K., Corlett, L., Wright, C., Mother-child feeding interactions in children with and without weight faltering; nested case control study, Appetite, 56, 753–9, 2011 | Not a risk factors study |
| Skuse, D. H., Gill, D., Reilly, S., Wolke, D., Lynch, M. A., Failure to thrive and the risk of child abuse: a prospective population survey, Journal of Medical Screening, 2, 145–9, 1995 | Faltering growth as a risk factor for other events |
| Stewart, R. C., Maternal depression and infant growth: a review of recent evidence, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 3, 94–107, 2007 | In this systematic review, studies from low and medium income countries were included. The included studies from high income countries are already in this review |
| Surkan, P. J., Kennedy, C. E., Hurley, K. M., Black, M. M., Maternal depression and early childhood growth in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis, Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89, 608–15, 2011 | All studies included in this systematic review were conducted in developing countries |
| Timmermans, S., Jaddoe, V. W., Hofman, A., SteegersTheunissen, R. P., Steegers, E. A., Periconception folic acid supplementation, fetal growth and the risks of low birth weight and preterm birth: the Generation R Study, British Journal of Nutrition, 102, 777–85, 2009 | The outcome for this study was low birth weight |
| Traviss, G. D., West, R. M., House, A. O., Maternal mental health and its association with infant growth at 6 months in ethnic groups: results from the Born-in-Bradford birth cohort study, PLoS ONE [Electronic Resource], 7, e30707, 2012 | Not specific to faltering growth, but abdominal circumference at 6 months was the only growth measurement used. |
| Victora, C. G., Villar, J., Barros, F. C., Ismail, L. C., Chumlea, C., Papageorghiou, A. T., Bertino, E., Ohuma, E. O., Lambert, A., Carvalho, M., Jaffer, Y. A., Altman, D. G., Noble, J. A., Gravett, M. G., Purwar, M., Frederick, I. O., Pang, R., Bhutta, Z. A., Kennedy, S. H., International, Fetal, Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st, Century, Anthropometric Characterization of Impaired Fetal Growth: Risk Factors for and Prognosis of Newborns With Stunting or Wasting, JAMA Pediatrics, 169, e151431, 2015 | Children from low/medium income countries were included (Brazil, China, India, Kenya) |
| Victora, C. G., Villar, J., Barros, F. C., Ismail, L. C., Chumlea, C., Papageorghiou, A. T., Bertino, E., Ohuma, E. O., Lambert, A., Carvalho, M., Jaffer, Y. A., Altman, D. G., Noble, J. A., Gravett, M. G., Purwar, M., Frederick, I. O., Pang, R., Bhutta, Z. A., Kennedy, S. H., International, Fetal, Newborn Growth Consortium for the 21st, Century, Anthropometric Characterization of Impaired Fetal Growth: Risk Factors for and Prognosis of Newborns With Stunting or Wasting, JAMA Pediatrics, 169, e151431, 2015 | The study included populations from developing countries |
| Wahlbeck, K., Forsen, T., Osmond, C., Barker, D. J., Eriksson, J. G., Association of schizophrenia with low maternal body mass index, small size at birth, and thinness during childhood, Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 48–52, 2001 | Anthropometric measurements were studied as a risk factor for schizophrenia in adulthood |
| Walden, R. V., Taylor, S. C., Hansen, N. I., Poole, W. K., Stoll, B. J., Abuelo, D., Vohr, B. R., Major congenital anomalies place extremely low birth weight infants at higher risk for poor growth and developmental outcomes, Pediatrics, 120, e1512–e1519, 2007 | The type of major congenital anomalies this study looks at are cardiovascular, CNS, chromosome, gastrointestinal or geritourinary; which are not stated in the protocol. All preterm infants |
| Wilensky, D. S., Ginsberg, G., Altman, M., Tulchinsky, T. H., Ben Yishay, F., Auerbach, J., A community based study of failure to thrive in Israel, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 75, 145–8, 1996 | Not a risk factors study |
| Wright, C. M., Stone, D. H., Parkinson, K. N., Undernutrition in British Haredi infants within the Gateshead Millennium cohort study, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 95, 630–3, 2010 | Risk factors in this study are not considered in the protocol |
| Wright, C., Birks, E., Risk factors for failure to thrive: a population-based survey, Child: Care, Health & Development, 26, 5–16, 2000 | Analysis did not adjust for critical confounders |
H.7. Prevalence of specific causative conditions
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Adedoyin, O., Gottlieb, B., Frank, R., Vento, S., Vergara, M., Gauthier, B., Trachtman, H., Evaluation of failure to thrive: diagnostic yield of testing for renal tubular acidosis, Pediatrics, 112, e463, 2003 | Adult population; small sample size |
| Agnihotri, A., Singh, P., Sharma, P., Jyotsna, V., Das, P., Gupta, S., Makharia, G., Khadgawat, R., Patients with short stature should be screened for celiac disease, Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 28, 380, 2013 | Population presented with short stature and the study was developed in a low income country |
| Alper, B. S., Curry, S. H., Urinary tract infection in children, American Family Physician, 72, 2483–8, 2005 | Children did not present with faltering growth |
| Anonymous,, ARC syndrome is not so rare, Journal of Medical Genetics, 39, 183, 2002 | Commentary article |
| Eichler, I., Frisch, H., Granditsch, G., Growth failure and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) in childhood celiac disease, Klinische Wochenschrift, 69, 825–9, 1991 | Main aim is to assess the growth outcomes of children with celiac disease |
| Furth, S. L., Growth and nutrition in children with chronic kidney disease, Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease, 12, 366–71, 2005 | Review article |
| Furth, S. L., Hwang, W., Yang, C., Neu, A. M., Fivush, B. A., Powe, N. R., Growth failure, risk of hospitalization and death for children with end-stage renal disease, Pediatric Nephrology, 17, 450–5, 2002 | Outcome reported by the study is not relevant. Study looked at associations between growth failure and risk of hospitalization |
| Furth, S. L., Stablein, D., Fine, R. N., Powe, N. R., Fivush, B. A., Adverse clinical outcomes associated with short stature at dialysis initiation: a report of the North American Pediatric Renal Transplant Cooperative Study, Pediatrics, 109, 909–13, 2002 | Study looks at the relation between short height and adverse clinical outcomes at dialysis initiation |
| Hendrikse, W. H., Reilly, J. J., Weaver, L. T., Malnutrition in a children’s hospital, Clinical Nutrition, 16, 13–18, 1997 | No separate data for infants/preschool children |
| Hill, I., Fasano, A., Schwartz, R., Counts, D., Glock, M., Horvath, K., The prevalence of celiac disease in at-risk groups of children in the United States, Journal of Pediatrics, 136, 86–90, 2000 | Failure to thrive group includes school-age children up to 20 years old |
| Ikram, M. A., Sajid, A., Hameed, S., Arshad, K., Irshad ul, Haq, Coeliac disease in children presenting with failure to thrive, Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad: JAMC, 23, 6–9, 2011 | Small sample size |
| Karlberg, J., Henter, J. I., Tassin, E., Lindblad, B. S., Longitudinal analysis of infantile growth in children with celiac disease, Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica, 77, 516–24, 1988 | Main aim is to assess the growth outcomes of children with celiac disease |
| Karlberg, J., Schaefer, F., Hennicke, M., Wingen, A. M., Rigden, S., Mehls, O., Early age-dependent growth impairment in chronic renal failure. European Study Group for Nutritional Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure in Childhood, Pediatric Nephrology, 10, 283–7, 1996 | Main aim is to assess the growth outcomes of children with renal failure |
| Lewis, M., Shaw, J., Reid, C., Evans, J., Webb, N., Verrier-Jones, K., Growth in children with established renal failure-a Registry analysis (chapter 14), Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 22 Suppl 7, vii176–80, 2007 | No relevant population (children between 2 and 16 years old) |
| Nurminen, S., Kivela, L., Taavela, J., Huhtala, H., Maki, M., Kaukinen, K., Kurppa, K., Factors associated with growth disturbance at celiac disease diagnosis in children: a retrospective cohort study, BMC Gastroenterology, 15, 125, 2015 | No infant or pre-school children were included |
| Rodig, N. M., McDermott, K. C., Schneider, M. F., Hotchkiss, H. M., Yadin, O., Seikaly, M. G., Furth, S. L., Warady, B. A., Growth in children with chronic kidney disease: a report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children Study, Pediatric Nephrology, 29, 1987–95, 2014 | Main aim is to assess the growth outcomes of children with kidney disease |
| Rossi, T. M., Albini, C. H., Kumar, V., Incidence of celiac disease identified by the presence of serum endomysial antibodies in children with chronic diarrhea, short stature, or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, Journal of Pediatrics, 123, 262–4, 1993 | No separate data for infants and preschool children |
| Saari, A., Harju, S., Makitie, O., Saha, M. T., Dunkel, L., Sankilampi, U., Systematic growth monitoring for the early detection of celiac disease in children, JAMA Pediatrics, 169, e1525, 2015 | Main aim is to assess the growth outcomes of children with celiac disease |
| Saki Malehi, A., Hajizadeh, E., Ahmadi, K., Kholdi, N., Modeling the recurrent failure to thrive in less than two-year children: recurrent events survival analysis, Journal of Research in Health Sciences, 14, 96–9, 2014 | Main aim of the study not relevant (study looks at the hazard ratios for the FTT event over time) |
| Sisley, S., Trujillo, M. V., Khoury, J., Backeljauw, P., Low incidence of pathology detection and high cost of screening in the evaluation of asymptomatic short children, Journal of Pediatrics, 163, 1045–51, 2013 | Sample not infants/preschool children |
| Smarrazzo, A., Arcidiaco, C., Velmishi, V., Roma, E., Kansu, A., Micetic-Turk, D., Costa, S., Bouziane-Nedjadi, K., Tamara, M. L., Ben-Hariz, M., Misak, Z., Kraljacic, V. D., Attard, T. M., Abu-Zekry, M., Mohamed, A., Magazzu, G., Auricchio, R., Greco, L., Coeliac disease across mediterranean countries: A prospective study, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, 62, 83–84, 2016 | Conference abstract/insufficient information to determine sample age |
H.8. Breastfeeding support
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Formula versus donor breast milk for feeding preterm or low birth weight infants, Essentially MIDIRS, 5, 48–48 1p, 2014 | Study unavailable. |
| Agrasada, G. V., Gustafsson, J., Kylberg, E., Ewald, U., Postnatal peer counselling on exclusive breastfeeding of low-birthweight infants: a randomized, controlled trial, Acta Paediatrica, 94, 1109–15, 2005 | Takes place in hospital in Manila. |
| Ahmed, A. H., Sands, L. P., Effect of pre- and postdischarge interventions on breastfeeding outcomes and weight gain among premature infants, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 39, 53–63, 2010 | Used for the references; none of the participants were reported to have specific feeding difficulties. |
| Bakewell-Sachs, S., Toward evidence-based practice. [Commentary on] Effect of breastmilk consumption on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 and 12 months of age in VLBW infants, MCN: The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 28, 336–336 1p, 2003 | Commentary. |
| Bhat, B. A., Gupta, B., Effects of human milk fortification on morbidity factors in very low birth weight infants, Annals of Saudi medicine, 23, 28–31, 2003 | Babies from special care unit. |
| Boyd, C. A., Quigley, M. A., Brocklehurst, P., Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 92, F169–75, 2007 | As per protocol: exclude Comparisons of interventions for breastfeeding with non-breastfeeding interventions. |
| Buthmanaban, V., Ong, C. B. K., Chua, M. C., Ong, I., Effect of pre-discharge nutrition and lactation counselling on growth and feeding practices of extremely low birth weight infants, Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 19, S240, 2010 | Pre-post study on counselling; no enough details on intervention delivered. |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia: methodologic review (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Summary of full article Segal 2007 |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A systematic review of telephone support for women during pregnancy and the early postpartum period (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | summary of full paper Dennis 2008 |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Hindmilk: a head start in preterm nutrition (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | summary of paper Heon 2009 |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on neurodevelopment and visual function in children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (Provisional abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | summary of paper Dziechciarz 2010 |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Effect of pre- and postdischarge interventions on breastfeeding outcomes and weight gain among premature infants (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant population (infants did not present with weight concerns) |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Effect of domperidone on insufficient lactation in puerperal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant population (i.e. typically developing infants have been included) |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Extending breastfeeding duration through primary care: a systematic review of prenatal and postnatal interventions (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant population (i.e. typically developing infants have been included) |
| Constantine, A. H., Williams, C., Sutcliffe, A. G., A systematic review of frenotomy for ankyloglossia (Tongue Tie) in breast fed infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 96, A62–A63, 2011 | Abstract only; not enough info reported. |
| Dastgerdi, E., Shirazi, M., Mohammadzadeh, A., ShahFarhat, A., Amiri, R., Effect of metoclopramide on increased milk production in mothers of preterm infants, Iranian Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, 14, 2011 | Paper unavailable. |
| Davanzo, Riccardo, Cannioto, Zemira, Ronfani, Luca, Monasta, Lorenzo, Demarini, Sergio, Independent Study Module for Lactation Consultants: †œBreastfeeding and Neonatal Weight Loss in Healthy Term Infants―, Journal of Human Lactation, 29, 102–104 3p, 2013 | Study module for lactation consultants. |
| Dennis, C. L., Kingston, D., A systematic review of telephone support for women during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, JOGNN - Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 37, 301–14, 2008 | Population: not specific to faltering growth or feeding difficulties. |
| Dziechciarz, P., Horvath, A., Szajewska, H., Effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation on neurodevelopment and visual function in children: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 29, 443–54, 2010 | Preventative interventions during pregnancy. |
| Embleton, N. D., Wilson, D. J., Shah, L., Breastmilk Fortification or Supplementation for Preterm Infants: Effects on Growth and Duration of Breastfeeding, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2, 2009 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Feyereislova, S., Stranak, Z., Cerna, M., Kollarova, J., Feyereisl, J., Limited amount of formula may facilitate breastfeeding-a randomized controlled trial, Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 29, 264–265, 2016 | >5% loss of birth weight is not considered faltering growth |
| Flaherman, V. J., Aby, J., Burgos, A. E., Lee, K. A., Cabana, M. D., Newman, T. B., Effect of early limited formula on duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding in at-risk infants: an RCT, Pediatrics, 131, 1059–65, 2013 | Study excluded because of the population here considered: the entry criteria were for example, those who had lost more than 5% of birth weight, but excluded those who lost more than 10%. This not faltering growth population, nor early weight loss babies. |
| Flaherman, V., Aby, J., Burgos, A., Lee, K., Cabana, M., Newman, T., Randomized Trial of Early Limited Formula To Reduce Formula Use at 1 Week and Promote Breastfeeding at 3 Months in Infants with High Early Weight Loss, Pediatric Academic Societies Annual Meeting, 2012 | Study unavailable. |
| Francis, D. O., Krishnaswami, S., McPheeters, M., Treatment of ankyloglossia and breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review, Pediatrics, 135, e1458–66, 2015 | Study unavailable. |
| Gaman, W. N., Failure to thrive in the contented breast-fed baby, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 132, 97–100, 1985 | Commentary. |
| Giglia, R., Binns, C., The effectiveness of the internet in improving breastfeeding outcomes: a systematic review, Journal of Human Lactation, 30, 156–60, 2014 | Not RCT |
| Giugliani, E. R., Horta, B. L., Loret de Mola, C., Lisboa, B. O., Victora, C. G., Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on child growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Acta Paediatrica, 104, 20–9, 2015 | This systematic review includes papers on breastfeeding promotion rather than breastfeeding support interventions. Also, the populations considered do not include children or infants with particular feeding difficulties. |
| Gupta, M., Shaw, B., A double-blind randomized clinical trial for evaluation of galactogogue activity of asparagus racemosus willd, Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10, 167–172, 2011 | Study unavailable. |
| Heon, M., Goulet, C., Levy, E., Nuyt, A. M., Hindmilk: a head start in preterm nutrition, Enfermeria Clinica, 19, 129–35, 2009 | This review includes four studies that do not meet the review protocol criteria with regards to the population included. |
| Hogan, M., Westcott, C., Griffiths, M., Randomized, controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 41, 246–250, 2005 | This papers has been excluded because both population (infants with feeding problems due to tongue-tie) and outcomes (improvement of feeding problems, no better specified) were not specifically relevant to review protocol. However, this particular paper has been used in the NICE Post-natal care guideline. |
| Hogan, M., Westcott, C., Griffiths, M., Randomized, controlled trial of division of tongue-tie in infants with feeding problems [corrected] [published erratum appears in J PAEDIATR CHILD HEALTH 2006 Dec;42(12):829], Journal of Paediatrics & Child Health, 41, 246–251, 2005 | Infants presented with feeding problems, mostly due to tongue-tie. At risk of weight faltering but no weight outcomes assessed. |
| Hornell, A., Lagstrom, H., Lande, B., Thorsdottir, I., Breastfeeding, introduction of other foods and effects on health: a systematic literature review for the 5th Nordic Nutrition Recommendations, Food & Nutrition Research, 57, 2013 | Population: healthy babies and mothers, no specific feeding difficulties reported. |
| Ibanez, G., de Saint Michel, C. R., Denantes, M., Saurel-cubizolles, M., Ringa, V., Magnier, A., Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials evaluating primary care-based interventions to promote breastfeeding in low-income women, Family Practice, 29, 245–254, 2012 | Not directed at weight gain |
| Kennedy, T. S., Oakland, M. J., Shaw, R. D., A nutrition intervention with families of low-birth-weight infants, Nutrition in Clinical Practice, 15, 30–35 6p, 2000 | LBW infants from NICU units. |
| Khanam, S., Khan, J., Sharma, D., Chawla, D., Murki, S., Nutritional bundle to improve growth outcomes among very low birth weight infants, Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 28, 1851–5, 2015 | Intervention not relevant to the review protocol; population of mixed breast-fed and formula fed babies. |
| Kuschel, Carl A., Harding, Jane E., Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Kuschel, Carl A., Harding, Jane E., Protein supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Kuschel, Carl A., Harding, Jane E., Kumaran, Vazhkudai S., Fat supplementation of human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Kuschel, Carl A., Harding, Jane E., Kumaran, Vazhkudai S., Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Marinelli, Kathleen A., Lussier, Mary M., Brownell, Elizabeth, Herson, Victor C., Hagadorn, James I., The Effect of a Donor Milk Policy on the Diet of Very Low Birth Weight Infants, Journal of Human Lactation, 30, 310–316 7p, 2014 | Pre-post prospective cohort; NICU setting; no weight outcomes. |
| Pinelli, J., Saigal, S., Atkinson, S. A., Pinelli, J. M., Mainous, R. O., Effect of breastmilk consumption on neurodevelopmental outcomes at 6 and 12 months of age in VLBW infants, Advances in Neonatal Care (Elsevier Science), 3, 76–87 12p, 2003 | VLBW babies in NICU. |
| Pinelli, J., Atkinson, S.A., Saigal, S., Randomized trial of breastfeeding support in very low-birth-weight infants, Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 155, 548–553, 2001 | Population in NICU setting. |
| Power, R. F., Murphy, J. F., Tongue-tie and frenotomy in infants with breastfeeding difficulties: achieving a balance, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100, 489–94, 2015 | Not weight based outcomes have been reported |
| Rocha, N. M., Martinez, F. E., Jorge, S. M., Cup or bottle for preterm infants: effects on oxygen saturation, weight gain, and breastfeeding, Journal of human lactation: official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 18, 132–138, 2002 | Population: preterm infant with no specific feeding problems reported. |
| Sakha, K., Behbahan, A. G., Training for perfect breastfeeding or metoclopramide: which one can promote lactation in nursing mothers?, Breastfeeding Medicine: The Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 3, 120–3, 2008 | Study conducted in a low-income country |
| Secco, L., Walsh, A., Maclellan, M., Weak infant sucking in the first 8 weeks, reliance on breastfeeding for >=9 months, small feeds, and difficulties in weaning were associated with failure to thrive, Evidence-Based Nursing, 10, 90, 2007 | The study reports on association with risk factors. |
| Segal, L. M., Stephenson, R., Dawes, M., Feldman, P., Prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of ankyloglossia: methodologic review, Canadian Family Physician, 53, 1027–33, 2007 | The only RCT included in this review has been included. |
| Turkyilmaz, C., Onal, E., Hirfanoglu, I. M., Turan, O., Koc, E., Ergenekon, E., Atalay, Y., The effect of galactagogue herbal tea on breast milk production and short-term catch-up of birth weight in the first week of life, Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine, 17, 139–42, 2011 | Inclusion criteria applied to the population do not represent those of the review protocol. |
| Verner, Alison M., McGuire, William, Craig, Stanley John, Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, -, 2010 | Participants were all formula-fed. |
| Waisman, I., Gonzalez, M. L., Gonzalez, D., Prenatal education and breastfeeding, Saludarte, 2, 7–17, 2001 | Study unavailable. |
| Wallace, L.M., Dunn, O.M., Alder, E.M., Inch, S., Hills, R.K., Law, S.M., A randomised-controlled trial in England of a postnatal midwifery intervention on breast-feeding duration, Midwifery, 22, 262–273, 2006 | Weight gain was not one of the outcomes |
| Watson, Julie, McGuire, William, Responsive versus scheduled feeding for preterm infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015 | Fortification of breast milk for preterm babies without specific feeding difficulties. |
| Yesinel, S., Aldemir, E. Y., Kavuncuoglu, S., Yesinel, S., Yildiz, H., Evaluation of growth in very low birth weight preterm babies, Turk Pediatri Arsivi, 49, 289–98, 2014 | Not an intervention study (no intervention evaluated). |
H.9. Dietary advice and supplementation
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abate, G., Kogi-Makau, W., Muroki, N. M., Health seeking and hygiene behaviours predict nutritional status of pre-school children in a slum area of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Ethiopian Medical Journal, 38, 253–65, 2000 | Review on potential determinants of feeding practices. |
| Abrams, S. A., Mushi, A., Hilmers, D. C., Griffin, I. J., Davila, P., Allen, L., A multinutrient-fortified beverage enhances the nutritional status of children in Botswana, Journal of Nutrition, 133, 1834–40, 2003 | Population = urban school children aged 6–11 y |
| Ackatia-Armah, R. S., McDonald, C. M., Doumbia, S., Erhardt, J. G., Hamer, D. H., Brown, K. H., Malian children with moderate acute malnutrition who are treated with lipid-based dietary supplements have greater weight gains and recovery rates than those treated with locally produced cereal-legume products: a community-based, cluster-randomized trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 101, 632–45, 2015 | Evidence from developing country |
| Al Hazzani, F., Early or delayed enteral feeding for preterm growth-restricted infants: a randomized trial, Journal of Clinical Neonatology, 1, 181–3, 2012 | No population or outcomes of interest |
| Alaimo, K., Oleksyk, S. C., Drzal, N. B., Golzynski, D. L., Lucarelli, J. F., Wen, Y., Velie, E. M., Effects of changes in lunch-time competitive foods, nutrition practices, and nutrition policies on low-income middle-school children’s diets, Childhood obesity (Print), 9, 509–23, 2013 | School programs. |
| Arora, N. K., Anand, N. K., Bhan, M. K., Jailkhani, B., Aggarwal, A., Meenu, R., Batla, R., Nutrient absorption from a fat-enriched diet in young malnourished children: a randomized controlled trial, Acta Paediatrica, 87, 143–8, 1998 | No outcomes relevant to growth/weight gain were studied. |
| Ashworth, A., Ferguson, E., Dietary counseling in the management of moderate malnourishment in children, Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 30, S405–33, 2009 | Aim: to evaluate dietary messages in current programs and assess their adequacy and effectiveness. |
| Bahwere, P., Banda, T., Sadler, K., Nyirenda, G., Owino, V., Shaba, B., Dibari, F., Collins, S., Effectiveness of milk whey protein-based ready-to-use therapeutic food in treatment of severe acute malnutrition in Malawian under-5 children: A randomised, double-blind, controlled non-inferiority clinical trial, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 10, 436–51, 2014 | Population = severe acute malnutrition. |
| Batra, P., Schlossman, N., Balan, E., Pruzensky, W., Saltzman, E., Roberts, S., Effects of two micronutrient-fortified food aid products containing different levels of dairy protein on anthropometric variables in rural pre-school children in Guinea-Bissau, FASEB journal, 1), 2014 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Beckett, C., Durnin, J. V., Aitchison, T. C., Pollitt, E., Effects of an energy and micronutrient supplement on anthropometry in undernourished children in Indonesia, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 54 Suppl 2, S52–9, 2000 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Bhat, B. A., Gupta, B., Effects of human milk fortification on morbidity factors in very low birth weight infants, Annals of Saudi medicine, 23, 28–31, 2003 | Preterm babies only. |
| Bhutta, Z. A., Das, J. K., Interventions to address maternal and childhood undernutrition: current evidence, Nestle Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 78, 59–69, 2014 | Narrative review. |
| Blakstad, E. W., Strommen, K., Moltu, S. J., Wattam-Bell, J., Nordheim, T., Almaas, A. N., Gronn, M., Ronnestad, A. E., Braekke, K., Iversen, P. O., Von Hofsten, C., Veierod, M. B., Westerberg, A. C., Drevon, C. A., Nakstad, B., Improved Visual Perception in Very Low Birth Weight Infants on Enhanced Nutrient Supply, Neonatology, 108, 30–37, 2015 | Primary (and only) outcome reported is not relevant to the review protocol. |
| Blaney, S., Februhartanty, J., Sukotjo, S., Feeding practices among Indonesian children above six months of age: a literature review on their magnitude and quality (part 1), Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 24, 16–27, 2015 | Literature review on magnitude and quality of feeding practices In Indonesia. |
| Brand, J. C., Miller, J. J., Vorbach, E. A., Edwards, R. A., A trial of lactose hydrolysed milk in Australian Aboriginal children, Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 10–3, 1977 | Not randomized. |
| Brooke, O. G., Kinsey, J. M., High energy feeding in small for gestation infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 60, 42–6, 1985 | N = 17 small sample size. |
| Brown, K. H., Sanchez-Grinan, M., Perez, F., Peerson, J. M., Ganoza, L., Stern, J. S., Effects of dietary energy density and feeding frequency on total daily energy intakes of recovering malnourished children, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 62, 13–8, 1995 | Severe malnutrition small sample size. |
| Brumberg, H. L., Kowalski, L., Troxell-Dorgan, A., Gettner, P., Konstantino, M., Poulsen, J. F., Ehrenkranz, R. A., Randomized trial of enteral protein and energy supplementation in infants less than or equal to 1250 g at birth, Journal of Perinatology, 30, 517–21, 2010 | Considers infants from NICU and this is specified as exclusion criterion in the protocol |
| Brunton, J. A., Saigal, S., Atkinson, S. A., Growth and body composition in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia up to 3 months corrected age: a randomized trial of a high-energy nutrient-enriched formula fed after hospital discharge, Journal of Pediatrics, 133, 340–5, 1998 | Population = 60 preterm babies with BMP from ICU |
| Cadell, J. L., Studies in protein-calorie malnutrition. II. A double-blind clinical trial to assess magnesium therapy, New England Journal of Medicine, 276, 535–40, 1967 | Magnesium deficiency. |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Population = children under 2 years of age with no specific health problems; intervention = micronutrient powders |
| Chan, J. C. M., McEnery, P. T., Chinchilli, V. M., Abitbol, C. L., Boineau, F. G., Friedman, A. L., Lum, G. M., Roy, S., Ruley, E. J., Strife, C. F., A prospective, double-blind study of growth failure in children with chronic renal insufficiency and the effectiveness of treatment with calcitriol versus dihydrotachysterol, Journal of Pediatrics, 124, 520–528, 1994 | Children with chronic renal insufficiency. |
| Ciampolini, M., Bini, S., Giommi, A., Vicarelli, D., Giannellini, V., Same growth and different energy intake over four years in children suffering from chronic non-specific diarrhoea, International Journal of Obesity, 18, 17–23, 1994 | Population = chronic nonspecific diarrhoea |
| Cohen, R. J., Brown, K. H., Canahuati, J., Rivera, L. L., Dewey, K. G., Determinants of growth from birth to 12 months among breast-fed Honduran infants in relation to age of introduction of complementary foods, Pediatrics, 96, 504–10, 1995 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Cohen, R. J., Brown, K. H., Canahuati, J., Rivera, L. L., Dewey, K. G., Effects of age of introduction of complementary foods on infant breast milk intake, total energy intake, and growth: a randomised intervention study in Honduras, Lancet, 344, 288–93, 1994 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Cole, S. Z., Lanham, J. S., Failure to thrive: an update, American Family Physician, 83, 829–34, 2011 | Narrative review. |
| De Oliveira, S. M. S., Costa, Mjdc, Rivera, M. A. A., Santos, L. M. P., Ribeiro, Mdlc, Soares, Gdsf, Asciutti, L. S., Da Costa, S. F. G., [Impact of a dietary supplement on the nutritional status of preschool children enrolled in day care centers], Revista de Nutricao, 19, 169–76, 2006 | In Spanish. |
| DeRegil, Maria Luz, Suchdev, Parminder S., Vist, Gunn E., Walleser, Silke, PenaRosas, Pablo Juan, Home fortification of foods with multiple micronutrient powders for health and nutrition in children under two years of age, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014 | Population = children with no specific health problem. |
| DeRegil, Maria Luz, Jefferds, Elena Maria, PenaRosas, Pablo Juan, Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school age, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, -, 2014 | Protocol only. |
| Dewey, K. G., Adu-Afarwuah, S., Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 4, 24–85, 2008 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Diop el, H. I., Dossou, N. I., Ndour, M. M., Briend, A., Wade, S., Comparison of the efficacy of a solid ready-to-use food and a liquid, milk-based diet for the rehabilitation of severely malnourished children: a randomized trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 302–7, 2003 | Population = severely malnourished children |
| Evans, S., Twaissi, H., Daly, A., Davies, P., Macdonald, A., Should high-energy infant formula be given at full strength from its first day of usage?, Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 19, 191–197, 2006 | Methodological reason, as the study reports non-parametric outcomes which is not an issue itself, but they do not provide exact p-values and therefore it is not possible to grade the paper. This is a statistical †˜rule†™ that has been agreed at the NCC-WCH. |
| Fenton, Tanis R., Premji, Shahirose S., AlWassia, Heidi, Sauve, Reg S., Higher versus lower protein intake in formula-fed low birth weight infants, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014 | Low birth weight infants; ICU |
| Flax, V. L., Phuka, J., Cheung, Y. B., Ashorn, U., Maleta, K., Ashorn, P., Feeding patterns and behaviors during home supplementation of underweight Malawian children with lipidbased nutrient supplements or corn-soy blend, Appetite, 54, 504–11, 2010 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Francis, D. K., Smith, J., Saljuqi, T., Watling, R. M., Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease.[Update of Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(3):CD001914; PMID: 10908515], Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 5, CD001914, 2015 | Population = children with cystic fibrosis or malignant disease. |
| Francis, Damian K., Smith, Joanne, Saljuqi, Tawab, Watling, Ruth M., Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015 | Population = children with chronic diseases. |
| Galeano, N. F., Lepage, G., Leroy, C., Belli, D., Levy, E., Roy, C. C., Comparison of two special infant formulas designed for the treatment of protracted diarrhea, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 7, 76–83, 1988 | Intractable diarrhea and short bowel syndrome |
| Gera, T., Efficacy and safety of therapeutic nutrition products for home based therapeutic nutrition for severe acute malnutrition: A Systematic Review, Indian Pediatrics, 47, 709–718, 2010 | Population = severe acute malnutrition. |
| Gershoff, S. N., McGandy, R. B., Nondasuta, A., Tantiwongse, P., Nutrition studies in Thailand: effects of calories, nutrient supplements, and health interventions on growth of preschool Thai village children, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48, 1214–8, 1988 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Gigante, D. P., Buchweitz, M., Helbig, E., Almeida, A. S., Araujo, C. L., Neumann, N. A., Victora, C., Randomized clinical trial of the impact of a nutritional supplement “multimixture” on the nutritional status of children enrolled at preschools, Jornal de Pediatria, 83, 363–9, 2007 | Longitudinal study. Unclear if specific to FG. |
| Goudet, Sophie M., Griffiths, Paula L., Bogin, Barry A., Madise, Nyovani J., Nutritional interventions for preventing stunting in children (0 to 5 years) living in urban slums, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015 | Focuses on prevention of stunting. |
| Graham, G. G., Lembcke, J., Morales, E., Quality-protein maize as the sole source of dietary protein and fat for rapidly growing young children, Pediatrics, 85, 85–91, 1990 | Small sample size, N = 10 |
| Grantham― Mcgregor SM, Fernald LCH, Kagawa RM, Walker S., Effects of integrated child development and nutrition interventions on child development and nutritional status (Provisional abstract), Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1308, 11― 32, 2014 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Grantham-McGregor, S. M., Powell, C. A., Walker, S. P., Himes, J. H., Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation, and mental development of stunted children: The Jamaican study, Lancet, 338, 1–5, 1991 | Population = stunted children. |
| Grantham-McGregor, S., Powell, C., Walker, S., Nutritional supplements, stunting, and child development, Lancet, 2, 809–10, 1989 | Population = stunted children from jamaica |
| Gresham, E., Byles, J. E., Bisquera, A., Hure, A. J., Effects of dietary interventions on neonatal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100, 1298–321, 2014 | Before or during pregnancy interventions. |
| Gupta, S., Kumar, D., An intervention study in malnutrition among under five children in a rural area of Jammu, JK Science, 15, 73–76, 2013 | Not an RCT. |
| Henderson, G., Fahey, T., McGuire, W., Calorie and protein-enriched formula versus standard term formula for improving growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants following hospital discharge, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD004696, 2005 | Preterm babies only. |
| Henderson, G., Fahey, T., McGuire, W., Nutrient-enriched formula milk versus human breast milk for preterm infants following hospital discharge, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CD004862, 2007 | Preterm babies only. |
| Heyman, M. B., Vichinsky, E., Katz, R., Gaffield, B., Hurst, D., Castillo, R., Chiu, D., Kleman, K., Ammann, A. J., Thaler, M. M., Growth retardation in sickle-cell disease treated by nutritional support, Lancet (London, England), 1, 903–6, 1985 | Sickle-cell disease. |
| Hossain, M.I., Wahed, M.A., Ahmed, S., Increased food intake after the addition of amylase-rich flour to supplementary food for malnourished children in rural communities of Bangladesh, Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 26, 323–329, 2005 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Hsu, J. W., Badaloo, A., Wilson, L., Taylor-Bryan, C., Chambers, B., Reid, M., Forrester, T., Jahoor, F., Dietary supplementation with aromatic amino acids increases protein synthesis in children with severe acute malnutrition, Journal of Nutrition, 144, 660–6, 2014 | Population = severe acute malnutrition |
| Huynh, D. T., Estorninos, E., Capeding, R. Z., Oliver, J. S., Low, Y. L., Rosales, F. J., Longitudinal growth and health outcomes in nutritionally at-risk children who received long-term nutritional intervention, Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 28, 623–35, 2015 | At risk of undernutrition, Philippines |
| Iannotti, L. L., Dulience, S. J., Green, J., Joseph, S., Francois, J., Antenor, M. L., Lesorogol, C., Mounce, J., Nickerson, N. M., Linear growth increased in young children in an urban slum of Haiti: a randomized controlled trial of a lipid-based nutrient supplement, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 99, 198–208, 2014 | Population = healthy infants |
| Jalil, R., Naser, I., Wan Muda, W. M., Wan Nik, W. S., Shariff, Z., Abdullah, M. R., Effect of animal source food (ASF) provision on the growth of malnourished children in kelantan, Malaysia: A randomized controlled trial, Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism, 63, 2013 | No clear definition of “malnourished”. |
| Kabir, I., Rahman, M. M., Haider, R., Mazumder, R. N., Khaled, M. A., Mahalanabis, D., Increased height gain of children fed a high-protein diet during convalescence from shigellosis: a six-month follow-Up study, Journal of Nutrition, 128, 1688–91, 1998 | Study conducted in Bangladesh, non-randomised |
| Karagianni, P., Briana, D. D., Mitsiakos, G., Elias, A., Theodoridis, T., Chatziioannidis, E., Kyriakidou, M., Nikolaidis, N., Early versus delayed minimal enteral feeding and risk for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm growth-restricted infants with abnormal antenatal Doppler results, American Journal of Perinatology, 27, 367–73, 2010 | NICU patients; no comparison of interest |
| Karagol, B. S., Zenciroglu, A., Okumus, N., Polin, R. A., Randomized controlled trial of slow vs rapid enteral feeding advancements on the clinical outcomes of preterm infants with birth weight 750–1250 g, Jpen: Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition, 37, 223–8, 2013 | NICU patients; no intervention/comparison of interest |
| Kasese-Hara, M., Wright, C., Drewett, R., Energy compensation in young children who fail to thrive, Journal of Child Psychology & Psychiatry & Allied Disciplines, 43, 449–56, 2002 | Not randomized small sample size. |
| King, S., Prawitz, A. D., Umoren, J., O’Gorman, T., The impact of high diastase malted barley flour on weight and height of malnourished children in Panama, Journal of hunger & environmental nutrition, 1, 23–35, 2007 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Krahenbuhl, J. D., Schutz, Y., Jequier, E., High fat versus high carbohydrate nutritional supplementation: a one year trial in stunted rural Gambian children, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 52, 213–22, 1998 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Krebs, N. F., Hambidge, K. M., Mazariegos, M., Westcott, J., Goco, N., Wright, L. L., Koso-Thomas, M., Tshefu, A., Bose, C., Pasha, O., Goldenberg, R., Chomba, E., Carlo, W., Kindem, M., Das, A., Hartwell, T., McClure, E., Complementary Feeding Study, Group, Complementary feeding: a Global Network cluster randomized controlled trial, BMC Pediatrics, 11, 4, 2011 | The study does not focus on faltering growth. |
| Krebs, N. F., Mazariegos, M., Chomba, E., Sami, N., Pasha, O., Tshefu, A., Carlo, W. A., Goldenberg, R. L., Bose, C. L., Wright, L. L., Koso-Thomas, M., Goco, N., Kindem, M., McClure, E. M., Westcott, J., Garces, A., Lokangaka, A., Manasyan, A., Imenda, E., Hartwell, T. D., Hambidge, K. M., Randomized controlled trial of meat compared with multimicronutrient-fortified cereal in infants and toddlers with high stunting rates in diverse settings, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96, 840–7, 2012 | Study conducted with population from developing countries |
| Lagstrom, H., Seppanen, R., Jokinen, E., Niinikoski, H., Ronnemaa, T., Viikari, J., Simell, O., Influence of dietary fat on the nutrient intake and growth of children from 1 to 5 y of age: the Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69, 516–23, 1999 | Healthy children. |
| Lapinleimu, H., Viikari, J., Jokinen, E., Salo, P., Routi, T., Leino, A., Ronnemaa, T., Seppanen, R., Valimaki, I., Simell, O., Prospective randomised trial in 1062 infants of diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol, Lancet, 345, 471–6, 1995 | Population = healthy 7-month old infants. Effects on the children’s growth measured as an adverse effect. |
| Lazzerini, M., Rubert, L., Pani, P., Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, -, 2013 | Malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries |
| Leaf, A., Dorling, J., Kempley, S., McCormick, K., Mannix, P., Linsell, L., Juszczak, E., Brocklehurst, P., Abnormal Doppler Enteral Prescription Trial Collaborative, Group, Early or delayed enteral feeding for preterm growth-restricted infants: a randomized trial, Pediatrics, 129, e1260–8, 2012 | Infants were in ICU |
| Livingstone, V. H., Problem-Solving Formula for Failure to Thrive in Breast-fed Infants, Canadian Family Physician, 36, 1541–5, 1990 | Focuses on diagnosis/assessment. |
| Long, J. K., Murphy, S. P., Weiss, R. E., Nyerere, S., Bwibo, N. O., Neumann, C. G., Meat and milk intakes and toddler growth: a comparison feeding intervention of animal-source foods in rural Kenya, Public Health Nutrition, 15, 1100–7, 2012 | No clear definition of population characteristics with regards to growth concerns. |
| Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T. J., Gore, S. M., Davis, J. A., Bamford, M. F., Dossetor, J. F., Early diet in preterm babies and developmental status in infancy, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 64, 1570–8, 1989 | Infants were recruited from an ICU |
| Lutter, C. K., Mora, J. O., Habicht, J. P., Rasmussen, K. M., Robson, D. S., Herrera, M. G., Age-specific responsiveness of weight and length to nutritional supplementation, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 51, 359–364, 1990 | Population = children at risk of malnutrition; comparison over different periods for the same intervention. |
| Manary, M. J., Ndkeha, M. J., Ashorn, P., Maleta, K., Briend, A., Home based therapy for severe malnutrition with ready-to-use food, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 557–61, 2004 | Severe malnutrition. |
| Miller, J., Makrides, M., Gibson, R. A., McPhee, A. J., Stanford, T. E., Morris, S., Ryan, P., Collins, C. T., Effect of increasing protein content of human milk fortifier on growth in preterm infants born at <31 wk gestation: a randomized controlled trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95, 648–55, 2012 | Preterm babies only. |
| Moltu, S. J., Blakstad, E. W., Strommen, K., Almaas, A. N., Nakstad, B., Ronnestad, A., Braekke, K., Veierod, M. B., Drevon, C. A., Iversen, P. O., Westerberg, A. C., Enhanced feeding and diminished postnatal growth failure in very-low-birth-weight infants, Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition, 58, 344–51, 2014 | Population from ICU. |
| Muzhingi, T., Tang, G., Yeum, K. J., Bermudez, O., Siwela, A., Peanut butter increases kale beta-carotene absorption and conversion to vitamin A in pre-school children, FASEB journal, 1), 2014 | No weight gain measurements reported. |
| Nackers, F., Broillet, F., Oumarou, D., Djibo, A., Gaboulaud, V., Guerin, P. J., Rusch, B., Grais, R. F., Captier, V., Effectiveness of ready-to-use therapeutic food compared to a corn/soy-blend-based pre-mix for the treatment of childhood moderate acute malnutrition in Niger, Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 56, 407–13, 2010 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Nesamvuni, A. E., Vorster, H. H., Margetts, B. M., Kruger, A., Fortification of maize meal improved the nutritional status of 1–3-year-old African children, Public Health Nutrition, 8, 461–7, 2005 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Niinikoski, H., Lapinleimu, H., Viikari, J., Ronnemaa, T., Jokinen, E., Seppanen, R., Terho, P., Tuominen, J., Valimaki, I., Simell, O., Growth until 3 years of age in a prospective, randomized trial of a diet with reduced saturated fat and cholesterol, Pediatrics, 99, 687–94, 1997 | Population = healthy infants |
| Nikiema, L., Huybregts, L., Kolsteren, P., Lanou, H., Tiendrebeogo, S., Bouckaert, K., Kouanda, S., Sondo, B., Roberfroid, D., Treating moderate acute malnutrition in first-line health services: An effectiveness cluster-randomized trial in Burkina Faso, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100, 241–9, 2014 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Nutzenadel, W., Failure to thrive in childhood, Deutsches Arzteblatt International, 108, 642–9, 2011 | The paper does not focus on weight gain or relevant comparisons. |
| Patel, M. P., Sandige, H. L., Ndekha, M. J., Briend, A., Ashorn, P., Manary, M. J., Supplemental feeding with ready-to-use therapeutic food in Malawian children at risk of malnutrition, Journal of Health, Population & Nutrition, 23, 351–7, 2005 | No randomisation. |
| Penny, M. E., Creed-Kanashiro, H. M., Robert, R. C., Narro, M. R., Caulfield, L. E., Black, R. E., Effectiveness of an educational intervention delivered through the health services to improve nutrition in young children: a cluster-randomised controlled trial, Lancet, 365, 1863–72, 2005 | Population = poor peri-urban area, no definition of faltering growth or malnutrition state. |
| Perez-Escamilla, R., Pollitt, E., Growth improvements in children above 3 years of age: The Cali Study, Journal of Nutrition, 125, 885–893, 1995 | Not an RCT. |
| Phu, P. V., Hoan, N. V., Salvignol, B., Treche, S., Wieringa, F. T., Dijkhuizen, M. A., Khan, N. C., Tuong, P. D., Schwartz, H., Berger, J., A six-month intervention with two different types of micronutrient-fortified complementary foods had distinct short- and long-term effects on linear and ponderal growth of vietnamese infants, Journal of Nutrition, 142, 1735–40, 2012 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Phuka, J. C., Maleta, K., Thakwalakwa, C., Cheung, Y. B., Briend, A., Manary, M. J., Ashorn, P., Post intervention growth of Malawian children who received 12-mo dietary complementation with a lipid-based nutrient supplement or maize-soy flour, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 89, 382–90, 2009 | Severe stunting. |
| Phuka, J., Thakwalakwa, C., Maleta, K., Cheung, Y. B., Briend, A., Manary, M., Ashorn, P., Supplementary feeding with fortified spread among moderately underweight 6–18-month-old rural Malawian children, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 5, 159–170, 2009 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Picot J, Hartwell D, Harris P, Mendes D, Clegg AJ, Takeda A., The effectiveness of interventions to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children: a systematic review, Health Technology Assessment, 16, 1― 316, 2012 | Severe acute malnutrition. |
| Poustie, V. J., Russell, J. E., Watling, R. M., Ashby, D., Smyth, R. L., Oral protein energy supplements for children with cystic fibrosis: CALICO multicentre randomised controlled trial, British Medical Journal, 332, 632–635, 2006 | Population = children with cystic fibrosis |
| Poustie, V. J., Smyth, R. L., Watling, R. M., Oral protein calorie supplementation for children with chronic disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), 2009 | Chronic disease population. |
| Poustie, V. J., Watling, R. M., Smyth, R. L., Oral protein-energy supplements for children with chronic disease: systematic review, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 62, 801–6, 2003 | Cystic fibrosis population. |
| Pridham, K., Kosorok, M. R., Greer, F., Carey, P., Kayata, S., Sondel, S., The effects of prescribed versus ad libitum feedings and formula caloric density on premature infant dietary intake and weight gain, Nursing research, 48, 86–93, 1999 | Preterm babies only. |
| Sanchez-Tamayo, T., Espinosa Fernandez, M. G., Moreno Algarra, M. C., Fernandez Romero, V., Vallejo Triano, J., Tapia Moreno, E., Salguero Garcia, E., New clinical practice guideline on enteral feeding in very low birth weight infants; first part, Nutricion Hospitalaria, 30, 321–8, 2014 | Study in Spanish |
| Saran, S., Gopalan, S., Krishna, T. P., Use of fermented foods to combat stunting and failure to thrive, Nutrition, 18, 393–396, 2002 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Shewade, H. D., Patro, B. K., Bharti, B., Soundappan, K., Kaur, A., Taneja, N., Effectiveness of indigenous ready-to-use therapeutic food in community-based management of uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition: A randomized controlled trial from india, Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 59, 393–398, 2013 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Simmer, Karen, Patole, Sanjay K., Rao, Shripada C., Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011 | Population = healthy infants |
| Simondon, K. B., Gartner, A., Berger, J., Cornu, A., Massamba, J. P., San Miguel, J. L., Ly, C., Missotte, I., Simondon, F., Traissac, P., Delpeuch, F., Maire, B., Effect of early, short-term supplementation on weight and linear growth of 4–7-mo-old infants in developing countries: A four-country randomized trial, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64, 537–545, 1996 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Singh, A. S., Kang, G., Ramachandran, A., Sarkar, R., Peter, P., Bose, A., Locally made ready-to-use therapeutic food for treatment of malnutrition: A randomized controlled trial, Indian Pediatrics, 47, 679–686, 2010 | Population = severe acute population. |
| Stein, A. D., Barnhart, H. X., Hickey, M., Ramakrishnan, U., Schroeder, D. G., Martorell, R., Prospective study of protein-energy supplementation early in life and of growth in the subsequent generation in Guatemala, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 78, 162–7, 2003 | The intervention started prenatally. |
| Super, C. M., Herrera, M. G., Mora, J. O., Long-term effects of food supplementation and psychosocial intervention on the physical growth of Colombian infants at risk of malnutrition, Child Development, 61, 29–49, 1990 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Tedstone A, Aviles M, Shetty P, Daniels L., Effectiveness of interventions to promote healthy eating in preschool children aged 1 to 5 years: a review, Health Promotion Effectiveness Reviews, 65, 1998 | Not specific to FG. |
| Thakwalakwa, C. M., Ashorn, P., Jawati, M., Phuka, J. C., Cheung, Y. B., Maleta, K. M., An effectiveness trial showed lipid-based nutrient supplementation but not corn-soya blend offered a modest benefit in weight gain among 6- to 18-month-old underweight children in rural Malawi, Public Health Nutrition, 15, 1755–62, 2012 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Visser, Janicke, McLachlan, Milla H., Fergusson, Pamela, Volmink, Jimmy, Garner, Paul, Supplementary feeding for food insecure, vulnerable and malnourished populations - an overview of systematic reviews, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 | Protocol only. |
| Williams, E. A., Elia, M., Lunn, P. G., A double-blind, placebo-controlled, glutamine-supplementation trial in growth-faltering Gambian infants, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86, 421–7, 2007 | Evidence from developing country (causes leading to FG are different) |
| Williams, P. A., Cates, S. C., Blitstein, J. L., Hersey, J., Gabor, V., Ball, M., Kosa, K., Wilson, H., Olson, S., Singh, A., Nutritioneducation program improves preschoolers’ at-home diet: A group randomized trial, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 114, 1001–8, 2014 | No weight gain measurements as an outcome. |
| Wright, C. M., Callum, J., Birks, E., Jarvis, S., Effect of community based management in failure to thrive: randomised controlled trial, BMJ, 317, 571–4, 1998 | This paper will be included in another systematic review of this guideline (probably the ‘information and support’ question). |
| Yoo, S. D., Hwang, E. H., Lee, Y. J., Park, J. H., Clinical Characteristics of Failure to Thrive in Infant and Toddler: Organic vs. Nonorganic, Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology & Nutrition, 16, 261–8, 2013 | Clinical characteristics of failure to thrive. |
| Young, Lauren, Morgan, Jessie, McCormick, Felicia M., McGuire, William, Nutrient-enriched formula versus standard term formula for preterm infants following hospital discharge, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, -, 2012 | Preterm babies only. |
H.10. Non-nutritional interventions
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Aboud, F. E., Shafique, S., Akhter, S., A responsive feeding intervention increases children’s self-feeding and maternal responsiveness but not weight gain, Journal of Nutrition, 139, 1738–43, 2009 | The study has been conducted in a low- or middle-income country. Moreover, the participants are not only children with faltering growth. |
| Ashworth, A., Ferguson, E., Dietary counseling in the management of moderate malnourishment in children, Food & Nutrition Bulletin, 30, S405–33, 2009 | It is about current dietary recommendation for moderate malnutrition which have been collected from different organizations. None of the included studies in this paper could be included in our review based on the protocol. |
| Bithoney, William G., McJunkin, James, Michalek, Joanne, Snyder, John, Egan, Harwood, Epstein, Daniel, The effect of a multidisciplinary team approach on weight gain in nonorganic failure-to-thrive children, Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 12, 254–258, 1991 | The intervention is not relevant to non-nutritional interventions. |
| Black, M. M., Dubowitz, H., Hutcheson, J., Berenson-Howard, J., Starr, R. H., Jr., A randomized clinical trial of home intervention for children with failure to thrive, Pediatrics, 95, 807–14, 1995 | The intervention is related to health care services delivery. |
| Black, M. M., Dubowitz, H., Krishnakumar, A., Starr, R. H., Jr., Early intervention and recovery among children with failure to thrive: follow-up at age 8, Pediatrics, 120, 59–69, 2007 | The intervention is related to health care services delivery. |
| Buthmanaban, V., Ong, C. B. K., Chua, M. C., Ong, I., Effect of pre-discharge nutrition and lactation counselling on growth and feeding practices of extremely low birth weight infants, Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 19, S240, 2010 | Not enough data has been reported. |
| Casey, P. H., Kelleher, K. J., Bradley, R. H., Kellogg, K. W., Kirby, R. S., Whiteside, L., A multifaceted intervention for infants with failure to thrive. A prospective study, Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 148, 1071–7, 1994 | The population study is not only children with FTT. While the main outcome is the incidence of FTT. |
| Garcia Coll, C. T., Halpern, L., Seifer, R., Meyer, E. C., Kilis, E., Lester, B. M., Vohr, B. R., Oh, W., Behavioral intervention and post-natal growth in full-term intrauterine growth retarded (IUGR) infants, Early Human Development, 46, 105–16, 1996 | The population of the study are IUGR infants. |
| Godfrey, Kate, Rhodes, Paul, Hunt, Caroline, The relationship between family mealtime interactions and eating disorder in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy, 34, 54–74, 2013 | The population of the included studies are not children with faltering growth. |
| Hanks, H., Hobbs, C., Seymour, D., Stratton, Peter, Infants who fail to thrive: An intervention for poor feeding practices, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 6, 101–111, 1988 | No comparison group and small size (n=6) participants. |
| Haynes, Clare F., Cutler, Christy, Gray, Jane, O’Keefe, Kirstin, Kempe, Ruth S., Non-organic failure to thrive: Decision for placement and videotaped evaluations, Child Abuse & Neglect, 7, 309–319, 1983 | It is not about the non-nutritional interventions. It is more focused on health care delivery. |
| Hutcheson, J. J., Black, M. M., Talley, M., Dubowitz, H., Howard, J. B., Starr, R. H., Jr., Thompson, B. S., Risk status and home intervention among children with failure-to-thrive: follow-up at age 4, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 22, 651–68, 1997 | The intervention is related to healthcare services delivery. |
| Iwaniec, Dorota, Herbert, Martin, McNeish, A., Social work with failure-to-thrive children and their families: II. Behavioural social work intervention, British Journal of Social Work, 15, 375–389, 1985 | It is a non-randomized study, all children with faltering growth has received the intervention. However, the intervention is more related to healthcare services delivery. |
| Iwaniec, Dorota, Herbert, Martin, McNeish, A., Social work with failure-to-thrive children and their families: I. Psychosocial factors, British Journal of Social Work, 15, 243–259, 1985 | The effectiveness of a non-nutritional intervention has not been assessed in this study. |
| Iwaniec, Dorota, Sneddon, Helga, Attachment style in adults who failed to thrive as children: Outcomes of a 20 year follow-up study of factors influencing maintenance or change in attachment style, British Journal of Social Work, 31, 179–195, 2001 | No outcome of interest. |
| Kafatos, A. G., Tsitoura, S., Pantelakis, S. N., Doxiadis, S. A., Maternal and infant health education in a rural Greek community, Hygie, 10, 32–7, 1991 | This study focused on maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. The children with faltering growth have not been addressed. |
| Kendrick, D., Elkan, R., Hewitt, M., Dewey, M., Blair, M., Robinson, J., Williams, D., Brummell, K., Does home visiting improve parenting and the quality of the home environment? A systematic review and meta analysis, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 443–51, 2000 | The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of home visiting programmes on parenting and quality of the home environment. Two related studies in this systematic review has been retrieved and evaluated on our review. |
| Malhotra, N., Vishwambaran, L., Sundaram, K. R., Narayanan, I., A controlled trial of alternative methods of oral feeding in neonates, Early Human Development, 54, 29–38, 1999 | The infants and children with faltering Growth have not been addressed in this study. |
| Parkinson, Kathryn N., Wright, Charlotte M., Drewett, Robert F., Mealtime energy intake and feeding behaviour in children who fail to thrive: A population-based case-control study, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 1030–1035, 2004 | It is a case-control study. |
| Ramsay, Maria, Zelazo, Philip R., Food refusal in failure-to-thrive infants: Nasogastric feeding combined with interactive-behavioral treatment, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 13, 329–347, 1988 | There is no comparison and the sample size is very small (n=5). |
| Rendon-Macias, M. E., Cruz-Perez, L. A., Mosco-Peralta, M. R., Saraiba-Russell, M. M., Levi-Tajfeld, S., Morales-Lopez, M. G., Assessment of sensorial oral stimulation in infants with suck feeding disabilities, Indian journal of pediatrics, 66, 319–329, 1999 | The patients involved in the study are not children with faltering growth. |
| Richter-Strydom, L. M., Griesel, R. D., Glatthaar, I., Effects of a nutrition education programme on the psychological performance of malnourished children. A 3-year follow-up study, South African Medical Journal. Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif Vir Geneeskunde, 68, 659–62, 1985 | It has conducted in a developing country. Population is malnourished children in South Africa. |
| Robertson, Joanne, Puckering, Christine, Parkinson, Kathryn, Corlett, Lauren, Wright, Charlotte, Mother-child feeding interactions in children with and without weight faltering; nested case control study, Appetite, 56, 753–759, 2011 | It is a case-control study. |
| Stein, A., Forsyth, R., Netsi, E., Juszczak, E., The relationship between changes in eating disorder psychopathology in mothers with eating disorders and infant weight during the first year of life, Archives of Women’s Mental Health, 18 (2), 402, 2015 | The participants are not infants or children with faltering growth. |
| Wang, X. M., Zhu, Y. P., Wang, L., Effect of positive nutritional support strategy on extrauterine growth restriction in preterm infants. [Chinese], Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 15, 1054–1058, 2013 | The full text is in Chinese. |
| Ward, Mary J., Kessler, Daniel B., Altman, Susannah C., Infant-mother attachment in children with failure to thrive, Infant Mental Health Journal, 14, 208–220, 1993 | The effectiveness of non-nutritional intervention has not been assessed. |
| Wright, C., Birks, E., Risk factors for failure to thrive: a population-based survey, Child: Care, Health & Development, 26, 5–16, 2000 | It is a case-control study. The effectiveness of a non-nutritional intervention has not been assessed. |
| Yilmaz, G., Caylan, N., Karacan, C. D., Bodur, I., Gokcay, G., Effect of cup feeding and bottle feeding on breastfeeding in late preterm infants: a randomized controlled study, Journal of Human Lactation, 30, 174–9, 2014 | The study population are preterm infants in ICU. |
| Zeskind, P. S., Ramey, C. T., Fetal malnutrition: an experimental study of its consequences on infant development in two caregiving environments, Child Development, 49, 1155–62, 1978 | The study has focused on fetal malnutrition. Children with faltering growth have not been addressed. |
| Zeskind, P. S., Ramey, C. T., Preventing intellectual and interactional sequelae of fetal malnutrition: a longitudinal, transactional, and synergistic approach to development, Child Development, 52, 213–8, 1981 | The study has focused on fetal malnutrition. Children with faltering growth have not been addressed. |
H.11. Monitoring
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Abul-Fadl, A., Bagchi, K., Cheikh Ismail, L., Practices in child growth monitoring in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region, Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16, 194–201, 2010 | The study aimed to assess the current use of growth charts throughout a questionnaire, no relevant data specific to growth monitoring was reported |
| Akram, D. S., Agboatwalla, M., Bharmal, F. Y., Community growth monitoring, JPMA - Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 50, 188–91, 2000 | Population did not present with faltering growth; study was carried out in a low income country (Pakistan) |
| Argyle, J., Approaches to detecting growth faltering in infancy and childhood, Annals of Human Biology, 30, 499–519, 2003 | Narrative review, no data relevant to growth monitoring was reported |
| Ashworth, A., Shrimpton, R., Jamil, K., Growth monitoring and promotion: review of evidence of impact, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 4 Suppl 1, 86–117, 2008 | Narrative review, only generalizable to low income countries |
| Batchelor, J. A., Has recognition of failure to thrive changed?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 22, 235–40, 1996 | Study reviews the thresholds used for recognition of faltering growth, but does not provide with specific information about growth measurements |
| Casanovas Mdel, C., Lutter, C. K., Mangasaryan, N., Mwadime, R., Hajeebhoy, N., Aguilar, A. M., Kopp, C., Rico, L., Ibiett, G., Andia, D., Onyango, A. W., Multi-sectoral interventions for healthy growth, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 9 Suppl 2, 46–57, 2013 | Narrative review. Specific data on growth monitoring or faltering growth was not reported |
| Casey, P. H., Growth of Low Birth Weight Preterm Children, Seminars in Perinatology, 32, 20–27, 2008 | Narrative review focused on thresholds for atypical growth |
| Casey, P. H., Wortham, B., Nelson, J. Y., Management of children with failure to thrive in a rural ambulatory setting. Epidemiology and growth outcomes, Clinical Pediatrics, 23, 325–30, 1984 | Study does not provide with growth measurements data, only with the presence/absence of faltering growth and its origin. |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A systematic review of the routine monitoring of growth in children of primary school age to identify growth-related conditions (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Executive summary, no data about growth monitoring was provided |
| Clemons, R. M., Issues in newborn care, Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice, 27, 251–67, 2000 | Narrative review. No data regarding growth monitoring was reported |
| Corbett, S. S., Drewett, R. F., Wright, C. M., Does a fall down a centile chart matter? The growth and developmental sequelae of mild failure to thrive, Acta Paediatrica, 85, 1278–83, 1996 | The comparison group is the control group, which has measures at the same time points as the faltering growth group |
| De Curtis, M., Rigo, J., Extrauterine growth restriction in very-low-birthweight infants, Acta Paediatrica, 93, 1563–8, 2004 | Narrative review, no data relevant to growth monitoring was reported |
| De Onis, M., Monitoring child growth and infant and young child feeding practices, Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 63, 51, 2013 | Abstract of a narrative review. No relevant data regarding growth monitoring was reported |
| Drewett, R., Emond, A., Blair, P., Emmett, P., The importance of slow weight gain in the first 2 months in identifying children who fail to thrive, Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 23, 309–317, 2005 | No comparison group |
| Emond, A. M., Blair, P. S., Emmett, P. M., Drewett, R. F., Weight faltering in infancy and IQ levels at 8 years in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Pediatrics, 120, e1051–8, 2007 | No comparison group |
| Frisancho, A. R., Reduction of birth weight among infants born to adolescents: maternal-fetal growth competition, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 817, 272–80, 1997 | Population are adolescents and adults and not children with faltering growth |
| Gerein, N., Is growth monitoring worthwile?, Health Policy and Planning, 3, 181–194, 1988 | Narrative review, does not contain relevant growth monitoring data |
| Hall, D. M., Growth monitoring: the next five years, Journal of Medical Screening, 2, 174–8, 1995 | Narrative review, no data relevant to growth monitoring was reported |
| Hall, D. M., Growth monitoring, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 10–5, 2000 | Narrative review, no data relevant to growth monitoring was reported |
| Haymond, M., Kappelgaard, A. M., Czernichow, P., Biller, B. M., Takano, K., Kiess, W., Global Advisory Panel Meeting on the Effects of Growth, Hormone, Early recognition of growth abnormalities permitting early intervention, Acta Paediatrica, 102, 787–96, 2013 | Narrative review, no data relevant to growth monitoring was reported |
| Henry, J. J., Routine growth monitoring and assessment of growth disorders, Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 6, 291–301, 1992 | Narrative review. Specific data on growth monitoring or faltering growth was not reported |
| Holme, A. R., Blair, P. S., Emond, A. M., Psychosocial and educational outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC, BMJ Open, 3 (7) (no pagination), 2013 | Study does not compare an increased frequency of monitoring with routine monitoring |
| Jaddoe, V. W., van Duijn, C. M., Franco, O. H., van der Heijden, A. J., van Iizendoorn, M. H., de Jongste, J. C., van der Lugt, A., Mackenbach, J. P., Moll, H. A., Raat, H., Rivadeneira, F., Steegers, E. A., Tiemeier, H., Uitterlinden, A. G., Verhulst, F. C., Hofman, A., The Generation R Study: design and cohort update 2012, European Journal of Epidemiology, 27, 739–56, 2012 | This review summarises the design of the Generation R study but does not provide any data in growth monitoring or faltering growth |
| James Cole, T., Assessment of growth, Best Practice and Research: Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 16, 383–398, 2002 | Narrative review |
| Karlberg, J., Jalil, F., Lam, B., Low, L., Yeung, C. Y., Linear growth retardation in relation to the three phases of growth, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48 Suppl 1, S25–43; discussion S43–4, 1994 | No comparison group was reported |
| Mulligan, J., Voss, L. D., McCaughey, E. S., Bailey, B. J., Betts, P. R., Growth monitoring: testing the new guidelines, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 79, 318–22, 1998 | Population included in the study do not meet the age criteria(children at school entry) |
| Panpanich, Ratana, Garner, Paul, Growth monitoring in children, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009 | The 2 studies included in this systematic review were from developing countries (South Africa and India) |
| Pfister, K.M., Ramel, S.E., Linear Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes, Clinics in Perinatology, 41, 309–321, 2014 | Narrative review |
| Richard, S. A., Black, R. E., Checkley, W., Revisiting the relationship of weight and height in early childhood, Advances in Nutrition, 3, 250–4, 2012 | Narrative review focused on interventions to improve nutritional status of children living in developing countries |
| Sachs, M., Dykes, F., Carter, B., Weight monitoring of breastfed babies in the United Kingdom - Interpreting, explaining and intervening, Maternal and Child Nutrition, 2, 3–18, 2006 | Narrative review, data about growth monitoring was not reported |
| ud Din, Z., Emmett, P., Steer, C., Emond, A., Growth outcomes of weight faltering in infancy in ALSPAC, Pediatrics, 131, e843–9, 2013 | Comparison group (control group) gets measured at the same frequency than the faltering growth group |
| Warne, G. L., The assessment of growth in children, Australian Family Physician, 11, 422, 425–7, 1982 | Narrative review. No data regarding growth monitoring was reported |
| Wells, J. C., Growth and failure to thrive, Paediatric Nursing, 14, 37–42; quiz 43, 2002 | Narrative review. No data regarding growth monitoring was reported |
| Wright, C. M., Garcia, A. L., Child undernutrition in affluent societies: what are we talking about?, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71, 545–55, 2012 | No comparison group |
| Wright, C. M., Parkinson, K. N., Postnatal weight loss in term infants: what is normal and do growth charts allow for it?, Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal Edition, 89, F254–7, 2004 | No comparison group |
H.12. Referral
| Reference | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Effectiveness of weight management programs in children and adolescents (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Population present with overweight/obesity |
| Gerasimidis, K., Macleod, I., Maclean, A., Buchanan, E., McGrogan, P., Swinbank, I., McAuley, M., Wright, C. M., Flynn, D. M., Performance of the novel Paediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS) in hospital practice, Clinical Nutrition, 30, 430–5, 2011 | Study provides with the description of the development of a tool for nutritional screening but does not present with specific data about referral |
| Grote, F. K., Oostdijk, W., De Muinck Keizer-Schrama, S. M., van Dommelen, P., van Buuren, S., Dekker, F. W., Ketel, A. G., Moll, H. A., Wit, J. M., The diagnostic work up of growth failure in secondary health care; an evaluation of consensus guidelines, BMC Pediatrics, 8, 21, 2008 | Population included do not present with faltering growth |
| Jellinek, D., Hall, D. M., How are children’s growth problems diagnosed?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 20, 371–7, 1994 | Study presents with the results of a survey made to parents regarding growth problems, but no specific data on referral or growth faltering. |
| Pritchard, N., A practical approach to the assessment of faltering growth in the infant and toddler, Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom), 25, 433–436, 2015 | Narrative review. The study provides with statement about how to assess faltering growth, but does not provide with specific data about referral |
| van Buuren, S., Bonnemaijer-Kerckhoffs, D. J., Grote, F. K., Wit, J. M., Verkerk, P. H., Many referrals under Dutch short stature guidelines, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 351–2, 2004 | Study does not present with a comparison group, children do not present with faltering growth |
| van Buuren, S., van Dommelen, P., Zandwijken, G. R., Grote, F. K., Wit, J. M., Verkerk, P. H., Towards evidence based referral criteria for growth monitoring, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 336–41, 2004 | Chapter 5 of this guideline: individual growth curve models for assessing evidence-based referral criteria in growth monitoring´ - all children included are taking growth hormone |
| Wright, C. M., Talbot, E., Screening for failure to thrive-what are we looking for?, Child: Care, Health & Development, 22, 223–34, 1996 | Narrative review, study describes the process of how to screen for faltering growth, but does not provide with specific data on referral |
H.13. Organisation of care
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Ashworth, A., Shrimpton, R., Jamil, K., Growth monitoring and promotion: review of evidence of impact, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 4 Suppl 1, 86–117, 2008 | Only studies from medium and low income countries were included |
| Bithoney, W. G., McJunkin, J., Michalek, J., Egan, H., Snyder, J., Munier, A., Prospective evaluation of weight gain in both nonorganic and organic failure-to-thrive children: an outpatient trial of a multidisciplinary team intervention strategy, Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 10, 27–31, 1989 | Not an RCT |
| Bryson, S. R., Theriot, L., Ryan, N. J., Pope, J., Tolman, N., Rhoades, P., Primary follow-up care in a multidisciplinary setting enhances catch-up growth of very-low-birth-weight infants, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 97, 386–90, 1997 | Children had been admitted to a NICU setting; not an RCT. |
| Cole, S. Z., Lanham, J. S., Failure to thrive: an update, American Family Physician, 83, 829–34, 2011 | This is a review of the current evidence related to faltering growth |
| Garner, P., Panpanich, R., Logan, S., Is routine growth monitoring effective? A systematic review of trials, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 82, 197–201, 2000 | In this systematic review, the setting for the included studies are not high-income countries |
| Hench, K. D., Shults, J., Benyi, T., Clow, C., Delaune, J., Gilluly, K., Johnson, L., Johnson, M., Rosister, K., McKnight-Menci, H., Shorkey, D., Waite, F., Weber, C., Lipman, T. H., Effect of educational preparation on the accuracy of linear growth measurement in pediatric primary care practices: Results of a multicenter nursing study, Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 20, 64–74, 2005 | Study not related with service configuration |
| Heuschkel, R., Salvestrini, C., Beattie, R. M., Hildebrand, H., Walters, T., Griffiths, A., Guidelines for the management of growth failure in childhood inflammatory bowel disease, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 14, 839–49, 2008 | The main aim of this RCT was to identify treatments for faltering growth |
| Lipman, T. H., Hench, K. D., Benyi, T., Delaune, J., Gilluly, K. A., Johnson, L., Johnson, M. G., McKnight-Menci, H., Shorkey, D., Shults, J., Waite, F. L., Weber, C., A multicentre randomised controlled trial of an intervention to improve the accuracy of linear growth measurement, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 89, 342–6, 2004 | Study focused on measurement accuracy and measurement devices |
| McCarton, C. M., Brooks-Gunn, J., Wallace, I. F., Bauer, C. R., Bennett, F. C., Bernbaum, J. C., Broyles, R. S., Casey, P. H., McCormick, M. C., Scott, D. T., Tyson, J., Tonascia, J., Meinert, C. L., Results at age 8 years of early intervention for low-birth-weight premature infants. The Infant Health and Development Program, JAMA, 277, 126–32, 1997 | Children with low birth weight |
| Resnick, M. B., Davis, E. F., Nelson, R. M., et al.,, Developmental intervention for low birth weight infants: Improved early developmental outcome, Pediatrics, 80, 68–74, 1987 | Not an RCT |
| Scholler, I., Nittur, S., Understanding failure to thrive, Paediatrics and Child Health (United Kingdom), 22, 438–442, 2012 | Narrative review |
H.14. Information and support
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Adamson, M., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., Childhood feeding difficulties: a randomized controlled trial of a group-based parenting intervention, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP, 34, 293–302, 2013 | Parenting programme (not giving information). Not focused on measurement of growth. |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Targeting physical activity and nutrition interventions towards mothers with young children: a review on components that contribute to attendance and effectiveness (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | Children not specifically with growth concerns |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A systematic review of the effectiveness of peer/paraprofessional 1: 1 interventions targeted towards mothers (parents) of 0–6 year old children in promoting positive maternal (parental) and/or child health/developmental outcomes (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant articles |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, Parent participation in weight-related health interventions for children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant articles |
| Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, A systematic review of telephone support for women during pregnancy and the early postpartum period (Structured abstract), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, 2015 | No relevant articles |
| Anonymous,, Failure to thrive: what this means for your child, American Family Physician, 83, 837–8, 2011 | No qualitative analysis presented (info leaflet). |
| Beale, B., McMaster, R., Hillege, S., Eating disorders: a qualitative analysis of the parents’ journey, Contemporary Nurse, 18, 124–32, 2004 | Population considered and addressed = adolescents with eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia nervosa). |
| Borucki, L. C., Breastfeeding mothers’ experiences using a supplemental feeding tube device: finding an alternative, Journal of Human Lactation, 21, 429–38, 2005 | Qualitative analysis of women’s perspectives on alternative breastfeeding intervention. No mention of FG or FTT. |
| Brotherton, A. M., Abbott, J., Aggett, P. J., The impact of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy feeding in children; the parental perspective, Child: Care, Health & Development, 33, 539–46, 2007 | Population = children with PEG (only 2/24 have FG); not specific to FG. |
| Crawford, P. B., Gosliner, W., Anderson, C., Strode, P., Becerra-Jones, Y., Samuels, S., Carroll, A. M., Ritchie, L. D., Counseling Latina mothers of preschool children about weight issues: suggestions for a new framework, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 104, 387–94, 2004 | Population studied = healthy children. The paper collects the perspectives of Latina mothers. |
| Funkquist, E. L., Carlsson, M., Nyqvist, K. H., Consulting on feeding and sleeping problems in child health care: what is at the bottom of advice to parents?, Journal of Child Health Care, 9, 137–52, 2005 | Population not clearly defined, evidence not relevant for the review protocol on what information and support should be provided to parents and carers. |
| Hillege, S., Beale, B., McMaster, R., Impact of eating disorders on family life: Individual parents’ stories, Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 1016–1022, 2006 | Population considered and addressed = adolescents with eating disorders of onset 10–19 years (bulimia and anorexia nervosa). |
| Kawakami, C., Fujiwara, C., Experiences of parents’ with children receiving long-term home parenteral nutrition, Pediatrics International, 55, 612–8, 2013 | Population = preschool children with chronic eating disorders who have received total parental nutrition for 1–6 years. Not specific to FG. |
| Loth, K. A., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Croll, J. K., Informing family approaches to eating disorder prevention: Perspectives of those who have been there, International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 146–152, 2009 | Population considered and addressed = adolescents with eating disorders (bulimia and anorexia nervosa). |
| Rogeberg, K., Eating disorders and the family. Experiences gathered in a parent support group, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Supplementum, 361, 50–1, 1990 | Not qualitative analysis evidence, and not specific to children with FG. |
| Singer, L. T., Song, L. Y., Hill, B. P., Jaffe, A. C., Stress and depression in mothers of failure-to-thrive children, Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 15, 711–20, 1990 | The paper reports on prevalence of stress in mothers of FTT children. No qualitative analysis presented. |
| Woolford, S. J., Clark, S. J., Lumeng, J. C., Williams, D. R., Davis, M. M., Maternal perspectives on growth and nutrition counseling provided at preschool well-child visits, Journal of the National Medical Association, 99, 153–8, 2007 | Population = mothers of healthy children, the study reports on their understanding of growth charts but this evidence is too indirect to be used for FG. |
| Adamson, M., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., Childhood feeding difficulties: a randomized controlled trial of a group-based parenting intervention, Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics: JDBP, 34, 293–302, 2013 | Parenting programme (not giving information). Not focused on measurement of growth. |
H.15. Health economics
| Reference | Reason for Exclusion |
|---|---|
| Bachmann, M. O., Cost effectiveness of community-based therapeutic care for children with severe acute malnutrition in Zambia: decision tree model, Cost Effectiveness & Resource Allocation, 2 2009 | Population not relevant to UK setting |
| Beissel, A., Nguyen, K. A., Pillet, F., Doiret, F., Plaisant, F., Gauthier-Moulinier, H., Magrou, A. S., Tarifa-Buisson, H., Deruy, F., Goyet, A. S., Conti, I., Keita, C., Duhamel, C., Hommey, S., Hommey, S. D. A., Touzet, S., Claris, O., Effects of education nurse program in improving feeding pattern in premature infants, Archives of Disease in Childhood, A477 2014 | Not health economics |
| Breitfelder, A., Wenig, C. M., Wolfenstetter, S. B., Rzehak, P., Menn, P., John, J., Leidl, R., Bauer, C. P., Koletzko, S., Roder, S., Herbarth, O., von Berg, A., Berdel, D., Kramer, U., Schaaf, B., Wichmann, H. E., Heinrich, J., Gini-plus, Lisa-plus Study Groups, Relative weight-related costs of healthcare use by children--results from the two German birth cohorts, GINI-plus and LISA-plus, Economics & Human Biology, 302–15 2011 | Population not relevant to faltering growth |
| Butler, T. J., Szekely, L. J., Grow, J. L., A standardized nutrition approach for very low birth weight neonates improves outcomes, reduces cost and is not associated with increased rates of necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis or mortality, Journal of Perinatology, 851–7 2013 | Abstract only - full text could not be retrieved |
| Casiro, O. G., McKenzie, M. E., McFadyen, L., Shapiro, C., Seshia, M. M., MacDonald, N., Moffatt, M., Cheang, M. S., Earlier discharge with community-based intervention for low birth weight infants: a randomized trial, Pediatrics, 128–34 1993 | Not relevant to any review question |
| Cheung, Y. B., Lam, K. F., Three estimates of the association between linear growth failure and cognitive ability, Tropical Medicine & International Health, 1020–4 2009 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Corbett, S. S., Drewett, R. F., Durham, M., Tymms, P., Wright, C. M., The relationship between birthweight, weight gain in infancy, and educational attainment in childhood, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 57–64 2007 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Craig, D., Fayter, D., Stirk, L., Crott, R., Growth monitoring for short stature: update of a systematic review and economic model, Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England), iii-iv, 1–64 2011 | Systematic review identifying only studies also identified by NICE search |
| Dallas, M. J., Bowling, D., Roig, J. C., Auestad, N., Neu, J., Enteral glutamine supplementation for very-low-birth-weight infants decreases hospital costs, Jpen, 352–6 1998 | Not relevant to any review question |
| Dewey, K. G., Begum, K., Long-term consequences of stunting in early life, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 43221 2011 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Durand-Zaleski, I., Developments in idiopathic short stature: cost versus allocation of resources, Hormone research in paediatrics, 33–5 2011 | Not relevant to any review question |
| Hall, A., Khanh, L. N., Son, T. H., Dung, N. Q., Lansdown, R. G., Dar, D. T., Hanh, N. T., Moestue, H., Khoi, H. H., Bundy, D. A., Partnership for Child, Development, An association between chronic undernutrition and educational test scores in Vietnamese children, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 801–4 2001 | Population not relevant to UK setting |
| Hoddinott, J., Alderman, H., Behrman, J. R., Haddad, L., Horton, S., The economic rationale for investing in stunting reduction, Maternal & Child Nutrition, 69–82 2013 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Hoddinott, J., Behrman, J. R., Maluccio, J. A., Melgar, P., Quisumbing, A. R., Ramirez-Zea, M., Stein, A. D., Yount, K. M., Martorell, R., Adult consequences of growth failure in early childhood, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1170–8 2013 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Howe, T.H., Sheu, C.F., Wang, T.N., Hsu, Y.W., Parenting stress in families with very low birth weight preterm infants in early infancy, Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1748–1756 2014 | Population not relevant to UK setting |
| Jelliffe-Pawlowski, L. L., Hansen, R. L., Neurodevelopmental outcome at 8 months and 4 years among infants born full-term small-for-gestational-age, Journal of Perinatology, 505–14 2004 | Not HE |
| Karlberg, J., Albertsson-Wikland, K., Baber, F. M., Low, L. C., Yeung, C. Y., Born small for gestational age: consequences for growth, Acta Paediatrica Supplement, 8–13; discussion 14 1996 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Klek, S., Hermanowicz, A., Dziwiszek, G., Matysiak, K., Szczepanek, K., Szybinski, P., Galas, A., Home enteral nutrition reduces complications, length of stay, and health care costs: results from a multicenter study, The American journal of clinical nutrition, 609–15 2014 | Population not relevant to FG |
| Koltowska-Haggstrom, M., Quality of life and growth hormone deficiency in adult patients in clinical evaluation and health economic assessment, Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, & metabolism, 203–9 2009 | Population not relevant to FG |
| McDougall, P., Drewett, R. F., Hungin, A. P., Wright, C. M., The detection of early weight faltering at the 6–8-week check and its association with family factors, feeding and behavioural development, Archives of Disease in Childhood, 549–52 2009 | Not HE |
| Norgan, N. G., Long-term physiological and economic consequences of growth retardation in children and adolescents, Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 245–56 2000 | Looks at long-term outcomes of faltering growth, which was not relevant to any review question |
| Schmitt, B. D., Mauro, R. D., Nonorganic failure to thrive: an outpatient approach, Child Abuse & Neglect, 235–48 1989 | Not HE |
- Weight loss in the first days of life
- Thresholds for faltering growth
- Weight loss associated with adverse outcomes
- Differences in feeding and eating
- Approaches in assessing feeding and eating
- Risk factors
- Prevalence of specific causative conditions
- Breastfeeding support
- Dietary advice and supplementation
- Non-nutritional interventions
- Monitoring
- Referral
- Organisation of care
- Information and support
- Health economics
- Excluded studies - Faltering Growth – recognition and managementExcluded studies - Faltering Growth – recognition and management
- Pharmacological interventions - Irritable Bowel Syndrome in AdultsPharmacological interventions - Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Adults
- RecName: Full=Polyprenal reductase; AltName: Full=3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydr...RecName: Full=Polyprenal reductase; AltName: Full=3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 3; AltName: Full=Steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2-like; AltName: Full=Steroid 5-alpha-reductase 3; Short=S5AR 3; Short=SR type 3gi|306526233|sp|Q9WUP4.2|SR5A3_MOUSProtein
- HSC34D092 normalized infant brain cDNA Homo sapiens cDNA clone c-34d09 3', mRNA ...HSC34D092 normalized infant brain cDNA Homo sapiens cDNA clone c-34d09 3', mRNA sequencegi|682175|gnl|dbEST|131890|emb|F096Nucleotide
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