The QUADAS-2 risk-of-bias and applicability assessment

Miriam Brazzelli; Lorna Aucott; Magaly Aceves-Martins; Clare Robertson; Elisabet Jacobsen; Mari Imamura; Amudha Poobalan; Paul Manson; Graham Scotland; Callum Kaye; Simon Sawhney; Dwayne Boyers

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Brazzelli M, Aucott L, Aceves-Martins M, et al. Biomarkers for assessing acute kidney injury for people who are being considered for admission to critical care: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2022 Jan. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 26.7.)

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Biomarkers for assessing acute kidney injury for people who are being considered for admission to critical care: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.

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Appendix 7The QUADAS-2 risk-of-bias and applicability assessment

TABLE 28

The QUADAS-2 risk-of-bias and applicability assessment

Study	Test	Risk of bias				Applicability
Study	Test	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard	Flow and timing	Patient selection	Index test	Reference standard
Albert 2018⁴⁵	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Alcaraz 2014⁸⁹	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Ariza 2016⁶⁷	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Asada 2016⁵⁰	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	High	Unclear	Unclear	Low
Barreto 2014⁶⁸	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Beitland 2016²⁸	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bennett 2008⁸⁷	Urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Bihorac 2014²⁹	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Bojan 2014⁸⁶	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Cantinotti 2012⁸⁸	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Cho 2013⁶⁹	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Cho 2014⁶⁶	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Collins 2012⁵¹	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Cullen 2014⁴⁹	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Cummings 2019²⁶	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
De Loor 2017⁶³	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Di Leo 2018³⁰	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Doi 2014⁷⁰	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Dong 2017⁹²	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low
Dupont 2012⁵²	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Garcia-Alvarez 2015⁴⁶	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Gayat 2018³²	NephroCheck	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Haase 2014⁶⁰	ARCHITECT urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Hjortrup 2015⁷²	BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Hoste 2014³³	NephroCheck	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Isshiki 2018⁵³	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Itenov 2017⁸¹	Plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Jaques 2019⁶²	BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	High	Unclear	Unclear	Low
Kashani 2013³⁴	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Kimmel 2016³⁶	NephroCheck, BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Kokkoris 2012⁵⁴	ARCHITECT urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Lagos-Arevalo 2015⁹³	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Lee 2018⁸²	Plasma NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Liebetrau 2013⁴⁷	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Marino 2015⁸³	Plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Mårtensson 2015⁵⁵	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Matsa 2014⁷³	BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Nickolas 2008⁷⁴	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Nickolas 2012⁵⁶	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Low	Unclear	Unclear
Nisula 2015⁷⁵	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Oezkur 2017²⁷	NephroCheck	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low
Parikh 2011³⁷	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Parikh 2011⁸⁴	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Park 2017⁵⁷	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Unclear	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low
Pipili 2014⁵⁸	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Schley 2015⁶¹	BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Seitz 2013⁹⁰	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Low	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Smith 2013⁷⁷	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Tecson 2017⁷⁸	BioPorto urine NGAL, plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Thanakitcharu 2014⁴⁸	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Tidbury 2019⁶⁴	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low	Unclear	Low
Treeprasertsuk 2015⁵⁹	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Verna 2012⁷⁹	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Yang 2017⁶⁵	BioPorto urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Zelt 2018⁸⁰	Plasma NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Zwiers 2015⁹¹	ARCHITECT urine NGAL	Low	Unclear	Low	Low	Low	Unclear	Low
Risk of bias/applicability, n (%)
Low		45 (80)	1 (2)	54 (96)	50 (89)	54 (96)	8 (14)	54 (96)
Unclear		11 (20)	55 (98)	2 (4)	4 (7)	2 (4)	48 (86)	2 (4)
High		0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (4)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)

Copyright © Queen’s Printer and Controller of HMSO 2022. This work was produced by Brazzelli et al. under the terms of a commissioning contract issued by the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care. This issue may be freely reproduced for the purposes of private research and study and extracts (or indeed, the full report) may be included in professional journals provided that suitable acknowledgement is made and the reproduction is not associated with any form of advertising. Applications for commercial reproduction should be addressed to: NIHR Journals Library, National Institute for Health Research, Evaluation, Trials and Studies Coordinating Centre, Alpha House, University of Southampton Science Park, Southampton SO16 7NS, UK.

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Brazzelli M, Aucott L, Aceves-Martins M, et al. Biomarkers for assessing acute kidney injury for people who are being considered for admission to critical care: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2022 Jan. (Health Technology Assessment, No. 26.7.) Appendix 7, The QUADAS-2 risk-of-bias and applicability assessment.
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Biomarkers for assessing acute kidney injury for people who are being considered for admission to critical care: a systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis.

Appendix 7The QUADAS-2 risk-of-bias and applicability assessment

TABLE 28

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