Contributions of authors

Marie Westwood (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6257-0653) (Reviews Manager and Diagnostic Assessment Lead) planned and performed the systematic review and interpretation of evidence.

Nigel Armstrong (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7443-4798) (Senior Health Economist) contributed to the planning and interpretation of the systematic review and conceptual cost-effectiveness modelling.

Eline Krijkamp (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-2205) (Health Economist) conducted the conceptual cost-effectiveness modelling.

Mark Perry (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5459-6554) (Systematic Reviewer) planned and performed the systematic review and interpretation of evidence.

Caro Noake (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-4772) (Information Specialist) devised and performed the literature searches and provided information support to the project. All parties were involved in drafting and/or commenting on the report.

Apostolos Tsiachristas (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4662-8915) (Associate Professor of Health Economics) leads the work on conceptual cost-effectiveness modelling which has contributed to the ongoing development of a full cost-effectiveness model by the Nuffield Department of Population Health at the University of Oxford; he is also a co-author on this report and has contributed to discussions of conceptual modelling.

Isaac Corro-Ramos (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1294-8187) (Senior Health Economist) conducted the conceptual cost-effectiveness modelling.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Professor Sue Mallett (Professor in Diagnostic and Prognostic Medical Statistics, UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of London, UK) for her assistance in completing the PROBAST assessment included in this report and for her provision of specialist statistical advice.

Data-sharing statement

All data requests should be submitted to the corresponding author for consideration.

Ethics statement

This report concerns secondary research, for which ethics approval is not required.

Information governance statement

This study did not handle any personal information.

Disclosure of interests

Full disclosure of interests: Completed ICMJE forms for all authors, including all related interests, are available in the toolkit on the NIHR Journals Library report publication page at https://doi.org/10.3310/WYGC4096.

Primary conflicts of interest: None declared.

All authors have completed the unified competing interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf (available on request from the corresponding author) and declare (1) no financial support for the submitted work from anyone other than their employer; (2) no financial relationships with commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted work; (3) no spouses, partners or children with relationships with commercial entities that might have an interest in the submitted work; and (4) no financial interests that may be relevant to the submitted work.

Disclaimers

This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. If there are verbatim quotations included in this publication the views and opinions expressed by the interviewees are those of the interviewees and do not necessarily reflect those of the authors, those of the NHS, the NIHR, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.