- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
Annex 17: Should HIV self-testing be offered as an additional approach to delivering HIV testing services? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 4.
Figueroa C, Johnson C, Verster A, Baggaley R. Attitudes and acceptability on HIV self-testing among key populations: a literature review.
AIDS Behav. 2015;19(11):1949–65. [
PMC free article: PMC4598350] [
PubMed: 26054390]
- 5.
- 6.
Pant Pai N, Sharma J, Shivkumar S, Pillay S, Vadnais C, Joseph L, et al. Supervised and unsupervised self-testing for HIV in high- and low-risk populations: a systematic review.
PLoS Med. 2013;10(4):e1001414. [
PMC free article: PMC3614510] [
PubMed: 23565066]
- 7.
Napierala Mavedzenge S, Baggaley R, Corbett EL. A review of self-testing for HIV: research and policy priorities in a new era of HIV prevention.
Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(1):126–38. [
PMC free article: PMC3669524] [
PubMed: 23487385]
- 8.
Prestage G, Zablotska I, Bavinton B, Grulich A, Keen P, Murphy D, et al. Previous and future use of HIV self-testing: a survey of Australian gay and bisexual men.
Sex Health. 2016;13(1):55–62. [
PubMed: 26502289]
- 9.
Bustamante MJ, Konda KA, Joseph Davey D, Leon SR, Calvo GM, Salvatierra J, et al. HIV self-testing in Peru: questionable availability, high acceptability but potential low linkage to care among men who have sex with men and transgender women.
Int J STD AIDS. 2016 [
PMC free article: PMC6352972] [
PubMed: 26826160]
- 10.
Choko AT, MacPherson P, Webb EL, Willey BA, Feasy H, Sambakunsi R, et al. Uptake, accuracy, safety, and linkage into care over two years of promoting annual self-testing for HIV in Blantyre, Malawi: a community-based prospective study.
PLoS Med. 2015;12(9):e1001873. [
PMC free article: PMC4562710] [
PubMed: 26348035]
- 11.
Witzel T, Weatherburn P, Burns A, Rodger A, Rhodes T. What role does HIV self-testing (HIV-ST) have for men who have sex with men (MSM) in the UK? Testing needs, social norms & biological citizenship. Presented at:21st International AIDS Society; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 12.
Catania J, Dolcini M, Harper G, Dowhower D, Dolcini-Catania L, Towner S, et al. Bridging barriers to clinic-based HIV testing with new technology: translating self-implemented testing for African American youth.
Transl Behav Med. 2015;5(4):372–83. [
PMC free article: PMC4656217] [
PubMed: 26622910]
- 13.
Brown W, Carballo-Diéguez A, John RM, Schnall R. Information, motivation, and behavioral skills of high-risk young adults to use the HIV self-test.
AIDS Behav. 2016:1–10. [
PMC free article: PMC4988939] [
PubMed: 26885813]
- 14.
Kalibala S, Tun W, Cherutich P, Nganga A, Oweya E, Oluochet P. Factors associated with acceptability of HIV self-testing among health care workers in Kenya.
AIDS Behav. 2014;18(Suppl. 4):S405–S14. [
PMC free article: PMC4933836] [
PubMed: 24974123]
- 15.
Zanolini A, Chipungu J, Mafwenko M, Holmes C, Thirumurthy H. Acceptability and preferences for HIV self-testing in Zambia: a population-based formative study using a discrete choice experiment. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 16.
Sibanda E, Mutseta M, Hatzold K, Gudukeya S, Dhliwayo A, Lopez C, et al. Community-based distribution of HIV self-test kits: results from a pilot of door-to-door distribution of HIV self-test kits in one rural Zimbabwean community. Presented at:21st International AIDS Society; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 17.
Sarkar A, Mburu G, Behara J, Sharma P, Mishra S, Mehra S. Feasibility of supervised self-testing using an oral fluid-based HIV rapid testing method. Presented at:8th International AIDS Society Conference; 19-22 July; Vancouver, Canada. 2015.
- 18.
Thirumurthy H, Masters S, Mavedzenge S, Maman S, Omanga E, Agot K. Promoting male partner HIV testing and safer sexual decision making through secondary distribution of self-tests by HIV-negative female sex workers and women receiving antenatal and post-partum care in Kenya: a cohort study.
Lancet HIV. 2016;3(6):e266–e74. [
PMC free article: PMC5488644] [
PubMed: 27240789]
- 19.
Choko A, Kumwenda M, Fielding K, Corbett E, Chikovore J, Desmond N. Acceptability of woman-delivered HIV self-testing to the male partner: a qualitative study of antenatal clinic-linked participants in Blantyre, Malawi. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016. [
PMC free article: PMC5515040] [
PubMed: 28691442]
- 20.
Kumwenda M, Munthali A, Phiri M, Mwale D, Gutteberg T, MacPherson E, et al. Factors shaping initial decision-making to self-test amongst cohabiting couples in urban Blantyre, Malawi.
AIDS Behav. 2014;18(Suppl 4):S396–404. [
PMC free article: PMC4102820] [
PubMed: 24929834]
- 21.
Health worker access to HIV/TB prevention, treatment and care services in Africa: situational analysis and mapping of routine and current best practices. London and Geneva: London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, World Health Organization, Global Health Workforce Alliance; 2007.
- 22.
Kebede B, Abate T, Mekonnen D. HIV self-testing practices among health care workers: feasibility and options for accelerating HIV testing services in Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J. 2013;15:50. [
PMC free article: PMC3786151] [
PubMed: 24106578]
- 23.
- 24.
Liu F, Han L, Tang W, Huang S, Yang L, Zheng H, et al. Availability and quality of online HIV self-test kits in China and the United States. Top Antivir Med. 2015;23:506–7.
- 25.
- 26.
- 27.
Annex 23: Country policy review on HIV self-testing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 28.
- 29.
Williams O, Dean J, Harting K, Bath K, Gilks C. Implications of the on-line market for regulation and uptake of HIV self-testing in Australia.
AIDS Care. 2016;1(6) [
PubMed: 27337946]
- 30.
- 31.
- 32.
- 33.
Katz D, Golden M, Hughes J, Farquhar C, Stekler J. HIV self-testing increases HIV testing frequency among high-risk men who have sex with men: a randomized controlled trial. Presented at:8th International AIDS Society Conference; 19–22 July 2015; Vancouver, Canada. 2015.
- 34.
Jamil M, Prestage G, Fairley C, Grulich A, Smith K, Chen M, et al. Access to HIV self-testing doubles the frequency of HIV testing among gay and bisexual men at higher risk of infection: a randomised controlled trial. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 35.
Thirumurthy H, Masters S, Obonyo B, Napierala Mavedzenge S, Maman S, Omanga E, et al. Promoting male partner and couples HIV testing through secondary distribution HIV self-tests: a randomized trial. Presented at:21st International AIDS Society; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 36.
Gichangi A, Wambua J, Gohole A, Mutwiwa S, Njogu R, Bazant E, et al. Provision of oral HIV self-test kits triples uptake of HIV testing among male partners of antenatal care clients: results of a randomized trial in Kenya. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 37.
Wang Z, Lau J, Ip M, Ho S. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of promoting HIV self-testing and online real-time counseling on increasing HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong. Presented at:International Congress of Behavioral Medicine; 7-10 December; Melbourne, Australia. 2016. [
PubMed: 28831616]
- 38.
Sharma M, Ying R, Tarr G, Barnabas R. Systematic review and meta-analysis of community and facility-based HIV testing to address linkage to care gaps in sub-Saharan Africa.
Nature. 2015;528(7580):S77–S85. [
PMC free article: PMC4778960] [
PubMed: 26633769]
- 39.
Mugo P. Feasibility and uptake of pharmacy-based HIV self-testing. Presented at:36th PSK Annual Scientific Conference; 3 June; Mombasa, Kenya. 2016.
- 40.
Ngure K, Heffron R, Mugo N, Irungu E, Njuguna N, Mwaniki L. Uptake of HIV self-testing among people receiving PrEP in Kenya. Presented at:Research for HIV Prevention Conference; 30 October-3 November; Cape Town, South Africa. 2014.
- 41.
Zerbe AV, DiCarlo AL, Mantell JE, Remien RH, Morris DD, Frederix K, et al. Acceptability and uptake of home-based HIV self-testing in Lesotho. Top Antivir Med. 2015;23:509–10.
- 42.
Choko AT, Desmond N, Webb EL, Chavula K, Napierala-Mavedzenge S, Gaydos CA, et al. The uptake and accuracy of oral kits for HIV self-testing in high HIV prevalence setting: a cross-sectional feasibility study in Blantyre, Malawi.
PLoS Med. 2011;8(10) [
PMC free article: PMC3186813] [
PubMed: 21990966]
- 43.
Gray R, Prestage G, Down I, Ghaus M, Hoare A, Bradley J. Increased HIV testing will modestly reduce HIV incidence among gay men in NSW and would be acceptable if HIV testing becomes convenient.
PloS One. 2013;8(2):e55449. [
PMC free article: PMC3574096] [
PubMed: 23457470]
- 44.
Guy RJ, Prestage GP, Grulich A, Holt M, Conway DP, Jamil MS, et al. Potential public health benefits of HIV testing occurring at home in Australia.
Med J Aust. 2015;202(10):529–31. [
PubMed: 26021364]
- 45.
Carballo-Dieguez A, Frasca T, Balan I, Ibitoye M, Dolezal C. Use of a rapid HIV home test to screen potential sexual partners prevents HIV exposure in a high-risk sample of MSM.
AIDS Behav. 2012;16(7):1753–60. [
PMC free article: PMC3458207] [
PubMed: 22893194]
- 46.
Lippman S, Koester K, Amico K, Lama J, Martinez Fernandes N, Gonzales P, et al. Client and provider perspectives on new HIV prevention tools for MSM in the Americas.
PloS One. 2015;10(3):e0121044. [
PMC free article: PMC4380356] [
PubMed: 25826246]
- 47.
- 48.
Annex 21: Review of the social harm reported in standard HIV testing services and those reported in HIV self-testing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 49.
- 50.
- 51.
Lora W, Chipeta E, Desmond N. Understanding coercion in the context of semi-supervised HIV self-testing in urban Blantyre, Malawi. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 52.
Napierala Mavedzenge S, Sibanda E, Mavengere Y, Dirawo J, Hatzold K, Mugurungi O, et al. Acceptability, feasibility, and preference for HIV self-testing in Zimbabwe. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 53.
Zhong F, Tang W, Cheng W, Lin P, Wu Q, Cai Y, et al. Acceptability and feasibility of a social-entrepreneurship model to promote HIV self-testing and linkage to care among MSM.
HIV Med. 2016 [
PMC free article: PMC5340630] [
PubMed: 27601301]
- 54.
Tao J, Li MY, Qian HZ, Wang LJ, Zhang Z, Ding HF, et al. Home-based HIV testing for men who have sex with men in China: a novel community-based partnership to complement government programs.
PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e102812. [
PMC free article: PMC4106852] [
PubMed: 25051160]
- 55.
Green K, Thu H. In the hands of the community: accelerating key population-led HIV lay and self-testing in Viet Nam. Presented at: 21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 56.
Cowan F. Designing safe, acceptable and appropriate HIVST interventions for female sex workers. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 57.
Medline A, Huang E, Marlin R, Young S, Kwok J, Klausner J. Using Grindr™, a social-media-based application, to increase HIV self testing among high-risk men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California, 2014. Presented at:Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 23-26 February; Seattle, WA. 2015.
- 58.
Katz D, Golden M, Farquhar C, Stekler J. HIV self-test distribution via STI partner services to reach untested men who have sex with men. Presented at: National HIV Prevention Conference; 6-9 December; Atlanta, GA. 2015.
- 59.
Mayer K, Tomassilli J, Gelman M, Altfeld J, Allen T. HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM): acceptability of biweekly finger pricks to perform the alere determine™ HIV-1/2 Ag/Ab assay. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 60.
MacPherson P, Lalloo DG, Webb EL, Maheswaran H, Choko AT, Makombe SD, et al. Effect of optional home initiation of HIV care following HIV self-testing on antiretroviral therapy initiation among adults in Malawi: a randomized clinical trial.
JAMA. 2014;312(4):372–9. [
PMC free article: PMC4118051] [
PubMed: 25038356]
- 61.
Katz D, Golden M, Hughes J, Farquhar C, Stekler J. Acceptability and ease of use of home self-testing for HIV among men who have sex with men. Presented at:National Summit on HCV and HIV Diagnosis, Prevention and Access to Care; 26-28 November; Washington DC. 2012.
- 62.
Wong HT, Tam HY, Chan DP, Lee SS. Usage and acceptability of HIV self-testing in men who have sex with men in Hong Kong.
AIDS Behav. 2015;19(3):505–15. [
PubMed: 25145608]
- 63.
Lippman S, Périssé A, Veloso V, Sullivan P, Buchbinder S, Sineath R. Acceptability of self-conducted home-based HIV testing among men who have sex with men in Brazil: data from an on-line survey.
Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(4) [
PMC free article: PMC4138047] [
PubMed: 24896048]
- 64.
Lippman SA, Jones HE, Luppi CG, Pinho AA, Veras MAMS, Van De Wijgert JHHM. Home-based self-sampling and self-testing for sexually transmitted infections: acceptable and feasible alternatives to provider-based screening in low-income women in São Paulo, Brazil.
Sex Transm Dis. 2007;34(7):421–8. [
PubMed: 17091118]
- 65.
Lippman SA, Veloso VG, Buchbinder S, Fernandes NM, Terto V, Sullivan PS, et al. Over-the-counter human immunodeficiency virus self-test kits: Time to explore their use for men who have sex with men in Brazil.
Braz J Infect Dis. 2014;18(3):239–44. [
PMC free article: PMC9427457] [
PubMed: 24704388]
- 66.
Grinsztejn B, de Boni R. A hora é Agora: HIVST to reach men who have sex with men (MSM) in Brazil. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 67.
Haig TA, Otis J, Veillette-Bourbeau L, Caruso J, Jolimore J, Ferlatte O, et al. HIV self-testing for MSM: acceptability among community members and service providers in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2015;26:114B.
- 68.
Pant Pai N, Bhargava M, Joseph L, Sharma J, Pillay S, Balram B, et al. Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy be feasible to operationalize in Canada? Results from a pilot study in students of a large Canadian university.
AIDS Res Treat. 2014;2014:747619. [
PMC free article: PMC3912878] [
PubMed: 24511392]
- 69.
Pant Pai N, Lapczak N, Smallwood M, Gulati D, Musten A, Gaydos C, et al. What do key stakeholders think about HIV self-testing? Analyses of quantitative and qualitative findings from a Canadian national survey. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 70.
Oldenburg C, Biello K, Perez-Brumer A, Rosenberger J, Novak D, Mayer K, et al. HIV testing practices and the potential role of HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Mexico.
Int J STD & AIDS. 2016 0956462416641556. [
PMC free article: PMC5039047] [
PubMed: 27020081]
- 71.
Bustamante MJ, Konda KA, León SR, Calvo G, Salvatierra J, Brown B, et al. Oraquick® in-home HIV test kit in Peru: availability and acceptability among men who have sex with men and transgender women. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;91:A223–A4.
- 72.
Giguere R, Frasca T, Dolezal C, Febo I, Cranston RD, Mayer K, et al. Acceptability of three novel HIV prevention methods among young male and transgender female sex workers in Puerto Rico; AIDS Behav; 2016. pp. 1–11. [
PMC free article: PMC5448554] [
PubMed: 27048236]
- 73.
Oswalt S, Welle-Graf HM, Minter L, Glover S. Need for HIV home testing kit option and education. J Coll Stud Dev. 1998;39(6):627–9.
- 74.
Sharma A, Sullivan PS, Khosropour CM. Willingness to take a free home HIV test and associated factors among internet-using men who have sex with men.
J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care. 2011;10(6):357–64. [
PMC free article: PMC3237754] [
PubMed: 21527425]
- 75.
Meyerson BE, Emetu RE, Sanders SA, Bailey MM, Ryder PT, Armstrong J. Preferences of gay and bisexual men for pharmacy-based HIV testing and over-the-counter HIV tests.
LGBT Health. 2014;1(3):225–8. [
PubMed: 26789716]
- 76.
Myers JE, Bodach S, Cutler BH, Shepard CW, Philippou C, Branson BM. Acceptability of home self-tests for HIV in New York City, 2006.
Am J Public Health. 2014;104(12):e46–e8. [
PMC free article: PMC4232141] [
PubMed: 25320885]
- 77.
Nunn A, Chan P, Towey C, Poceta J, Feller S, Trooksin S. Acceptability and affordability of self HIV testing in an urban neighborhood with 3% seroprevalence. Top Antivir Med. 2014;22:509–10.
- 78.
Sharma A, Stephenson RB, White D, Sullivan PS. Acceptability and intended usage preferences for six HIV testing options among internet-using men who have sex with men.
Springerplus. 2014;3:109. [
PMC free article: PMC3942559] [
PubMed: 24600551]
- 79.
Evans A, Wilkinson T, Gibson W, Challenor R. Views of the public regarding HIV home testing. HIV Med. 2015;16:52–3.
- 80.
Frye V, Wilton L, Hirshfied S, Chiasson MA, Usher D, Lucy D, et al. “Just because it's out there, people aren't going to use it.” HIV self-testing among young, black MSM, and transgender women.
AIDS Care. 2015;29(11):617–24. [
PMC free article: PMC4808283] [
PubMed: 26376029]
- 81.
Kinney S, Lea CS, Kearney G, Kinsey A, Amaya C. Predictors for using a HIV self-test among migrant and seasonal farmworkers in North Carolina.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(7):8348–58. [
PMC free article: PMC4515726] [
PubMed: 26193299]
- 82.
Meyerson BE, Ryder PT, von Hippel C, Coy K. We can do more than just sell the test: pharmacist perspectives about over-the-counter rapid HIV tests.
AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2109–13. [
PubMed: 23417643]
- 83.
Chakravarty D, Darbes L, Neilands T, Beougher S, Finlayson S, Hoff C. Attitudes about rapid, over-the-counter HIV home-testing kits among couples comprised of men who have sex with men. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conferences; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 84.
Chavez P, Wesolowski L, Owen M, Gravens L, Sullivan P, MacGowan R. Perceptions and performance of self-administered rapid HIV tests conducted by untrained users in real world settings. Presented at:HIV Diagnostics Conference; 21-24 March; Atlanta, GA. 2016.
- 85.
MacGowan R, Chavez P, Freeman A, McNaghten A, Sullivan P, Sharma A, et al. Pilot evaluation of men who have sex with men's ability to self-administer rapid HIV tests and interpret test results. Presented at:American Public Health Association Conference; Atlanta, GA. 2014. [
PubMed: 29058163]
- 86.
Lippman SA, Moran ME, Ventura A, Castillo LS, Buchbinder S, Treves-Kagan S, et al. Home HIV testing among transgender women in San Francisco: a pilot feasibility and acceptability study. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18
- 87.
Scott H, Sheon N, Lightfoot M, Buchbinder S. Perceptions of oral home HIV self-testing among young Black and Latino men who have sex with men: a qualitative study. Presented at:142nd APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition; 15-19 November; New Orleans, LA. 2014.
- 88.
Chavez P, MacGowan R, Wesolowski L, Sullivan P. Evaluation of rapid HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men (MSM) in high prevalence cities: the eSTAMP project. Presented at:HIV Diagnostics Conference; 12-14 December; Atlanta, GA. 2012.
- 89.
Daniels J, Rosengren L, Young S, Klausner J. Will men who have sex with men use short-messaging services to send photos of completed HIV self-tests to researchers?
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2016 [
PubMed: 27293208]
- 90.
MacGowan R, Chavez P, Borkowf C, Sullivan P. Characteristics of MSM who complete home HIV testing versus those who do not: eSTAMP Online MSM HIV home testing study, United States, 2014. Presented at:National HIV Prevention Conference; 6-9 December; Atlanta, GA. 2015.
- 91.
Marlin RW, Young SD, Bristow CC, Wilson G, Rodriguez J, Ortiz J, et al. Piloting an HIV self-test kit voucher program to raise serostatus awareness of high-risk African Americans, Los Angeles.
BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1226. [
PMC free article: PMC4289344] [
PubMed: 25427749]
- 92.
Martinez O, Carballo-Dieguez A, Ibitoye M, Frasca T, Brown W, Balan I. Anticipated and actual reactions to receiving HIV positive results through self-testing among gay and bisexual men.
AIDS Behav. 2014;18(12):2485–95. [
PMC free article: PMC4229402] [
PubMed: 24858480]
- 93.
Huang E, Marlin RW, Young SD, Medline A, Klausner J. Using Grindr, a smartphone social-networking application, to increase HIV self-testing among black and latino men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, 2014.
[
PMC free article: PMC5734054] [
PubMed: 27427928]
- 94.
Mitchell JW, Sullivan PS. Relationship and demographic factors associated with willingness to use an in-home rapid HIV test to screen potential sex partners among a US sample of HIV-negative and HIV-discordant male couples.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69(2):252–6. [
PMC free article: PMC4445463] [
PubMed: 26009834]
- 95.
Mitchell JW, Sullivan PS. HIV-negative partnered men's attitudes toward using an in-home rapid HIV test and associated factors among a sample of US HIV-negative and HIV-discordant male couples.
Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42(3):123–8. [
PMC free article: PMC4324545] [
PubMed: 25668643]
- 96.
Nour S, Hsieh YH, Rothman RE, Jett-Goheen M, Langhorne O, Wu L, et al. patients can accurately perform their own rapid HIV point-of-care test in the emergency department.
Point Care. 2012;11(4):176–9. [
PMC free article: PMC3769219] [
PubMed: 24031999]
- 97.
Schnall R, John R. Understanding young adults' use the HIV home test kit. Nurs Res. 2015;64(2):E64–E.
- 98.
Young SD, Daniels J, Chiu CJ, Bolan RK, Flynn RP, Kwok J, et al. Acceptability of using electronic vending machines to deliver oral rapid HIV self-testing kits: a qualitative study.
PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e103790. [
PMC free article: PMC4116256] [
PubMed: 25076208]
- 99.
Hood JE, Forsyth EA, Neary J, Buskin S, Golden MR, Katz DA. HIV self-testing in the Seattle transgender community: a mixed-methods evaluation. Presented at:Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections; 22-25 February; Boston, MA. 2016.
- 100.
Huang E, Marlin RW, Medline A, Young SD, Daniels J, Klausner JD. Using Grindr™, a smartphone social networking application, to increase HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men in Los Angeles.
Sex Transm Dis. 2015;91:A226. [
PMC free article: PMC5734054] [
PubMed: 27427928]
- 101.
Woods WJ, Lippman SA, Agnew E, Carroll S, Binson D. Bathhouse distribution of HIV self-testing kits reaches diverse, high-risk population.
AIDS Care. 2016;28 Suppl 1:111–3. [
PMC free article: PMC4828605] [
PubMed: 26883730]
- 102.
Martinez O, Wu E, Levine EC, Muñoz-Laboy M, Fernandez MI, Bass SB, et al. Integration of social, cultural, and biomedical strategies into an existing couple-based behavioral HIV/STI prevention intervention: voices of latino male couples.
PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0152361. [
PMC free article: PMC4814093] [
PubMed: 27028873]
- 103.
Catania JA, Dolcini MM, Harper GW, Orellana ER, Tyler DH, Timmons A, et al. Self-implemented HIV testing: perspectives on improving dissemination among urban African American youths.
Am J Public Health. 2015;105:S449–S52. [
PMC free article: PMC4455499] [
PubMed: 25905841]
- 104.
- 105.
Agot K, Masters S, Wango G, Omanga E, Onyango R, Thirumurthy H. Can women safely distribute HIV oral self-test kits to their sexual partners? Results from a pilot study in Kenya. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016. [
PMC free article: PMC6476173] [
PubMed: 29683990]
- 106.
- 107.
Kenya S, Okoro I, Kiera W, Ricciardi M, Prado G. Feasibility of home-based HIV rapid testing (HRT) among African Americans. Clin Transl Sci. 2014;7(3):248.
- 108.
Kurth AE, Cleland CM, Chhun N, Sidle JE, Were E, Naanyu V, et al. Accuracy and acceptability of oral fluid HIV self-testing in a general adult population in Kenya.
AIDS Behav. 2016 [
PMC free article: PMC4799243] [
PubMed: 26438487]
- 109.
Okal J, Obare F, Matheka J, Tun W. Potential outlets for distribution of HIV oral self-test kits in Kenya: an exploratory study. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 110.
Sidze E. Perceived social harms and abuses associated with the public availability of home-based self-testing kits for HIV in Kenya. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 111.
- 112.
- 113.
Namakhoma I, Bongololo G, Bello G, Nyirenda L, Phoya A, Phiri S, et al. Negotiating multiple barriers: health workers' access to counselling, testing and treatment in Malawi.
AIDS Care. 2010;22 Suppl 1:68–76. [
PMC free article: PMC4260140] [
PubMed: 20680862]
- 114.
Sambakunsi R, Kumwenda M, Choko A, Corbett EL, Desmond NA. ‘Whose failure counts?’ A critical reflection on definitions of failure for community health volunteers providing HIV self-testing in a community-based HIV/TB intervention study in urban Malawi.
Anthropol Med. 2015;22(3):234–49. [
PMC free article: PMC4720041] [
PubMed: 26762610]
- 115.
Brown B, Folayan MO, Imosili A, Durueke F, Amuamuziam A. HIV self-testing in Nigeria: public opinions and perspectives.
Glob Public Health. 2015;10(3):354–65. [
PubMed: 25186234]
- 116.
Nkuna E, Nyazema N. HIV self-testing, self-stigma and HAART treatment at the University of Limpopo: health sciences students' opinion and perspectives.
Open AIDS J. 2016;10:78–82. [
PMC free article: PMC4893625] [
PubMed: 27347273]
- 117.
Martinez Perez G, Cox V, Ellman T, Moore A, Patten G, Shroufi A, et al. ‘I know that I do have HIV but nobody saw me’: oral HIV self-testing in an informal settlement in South Africa.
PLoS One. 2016;11(4):e0152653. [
PMC free article: PMC4820175] [
PubMed: 27044006]
- 118.
Pant Pai N, Behlim T, Deli-Houssein R, Vadnais C, Abrahams L, Binder A, et al. Development and comparative evaluation of an innovative HIV self-testing smartphone application, an internet-based and a paper-based instructional programme in South Africa. Sex Transm Dis. 2013;89
- 119.
van Dyk AC. Self-testing as strategy to increase the uptake of HIV testing in South Africa.
Afr J AIDS Res. 2013;12(1):41–8. [
PubMed: 25871310]
- 120.
Bekker L. Community-based HTC and self-testing: uptake of mobile clinics (teen truck) and HIV self-testing devices among adolescents in South Africa. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 121.
van Dyk AC. Client-initiated, provider-initiated, or self-testing for HIV: What do South Africans prefer?
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2013;24(6):45–56. [
PubMed: 23582579]
- 122.
Investigating the feasibility of HIV self-testing in Zambia. Final Report for the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation with support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, grant for TW2 HIV self-testing in Zambia, Phase 1. 2016.
- 123.
Neuman M. Getting HIVST right: results from the STAR project clinical performance study in Zambia. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 124.
Juru T, Tshimanga M, Bangure D, Gombe N, Maponga B, Mungati M. Acceptability of human immunodeficiency virus self-testing as a screening strategy in Beitbridge district, Zimbabwe, 2015. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 125.
Madanhire C, Sibanda E, Ruhode N, Hatzold K, Cowan F, Mavedzenge S. “Not without us…” - views on the introduction of HIV self-testing among health care workers providing integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health services. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 126.
Chen M, Bilardi J, Lee D, Cummings R, Bush M, Fairley C. Australian men who have sex with men prefer rapid oral HIV testing over conventional blood testing for HIV.
Int J STD & AIDS. 2010;21(6):428–30. [
PubMed: 20606224]
- 127.
Yang M, Prestage G, Maycock B, Brown G, de Wit J, McKechnie M, et al. The acceptability of different HIV testing approaches: cross-sectional study among GMSM in Australia.
Sex Transm Infect. 2014;90(8):592–5. [
PubMed: 25015651]
- 128.
Bavinton BR, Brown G, Hurley M, Bradley J, Keen P, Conway DP, et al. Which gay men would increase their frequency of HIV testing with home self-testing.
AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2084–92. [
PubMed: 23525790]
- 129.
Bilardi JE, Walker S, Read T, Prestage G, Chen MY, Guy R, et al. Gay and bisexual men's views on rapid self-testing for HIV.
AIDS Behav. 2013;17(6):2093–9. [
PubMed: 23297083]
- 130.
Bavinton B, Grulich A, Keen P, Zablotska I, Murphy D, Brown G, et al. Motivations for and implications of using home HIV tests among Australian gay men. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 131.
Marley G, Kang D, Wilson EC, Huang T, Qian Y, Li X, et al. Introducing rapid oral-fluid HIV testing among high risk populations in Shandong, China: feasibility and challenges.
BMC Public Health. 2014;14:422. [
PMC free article: PMC4045859] [
PubMed: 24884431]
- 132.
Xun H, Kang D, Huang T, Qian Y, Li X, Wilson EC, et al. Factors associated with willingness to accept oral fluid HIV rapid testing among most-at-risk populations in China.
PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e80594. [
PMC free article: PMC3834295] [
PubMed: 24260432]
- 133.
Han L, Bien CH, Wei C, Muessig KE, Yang M, Liu F, et al. HIV self-testing among online MSM in China: implications for expanding HIV testing among key populations.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67(2):216–21. [
PMC free article: PMC4162828] [
PubMed: 24991972]
- 134.
Jia M, Shi Y, Ma Y, Huo J, Han Y, Li J, et al. [Analysis of piloting sales of oral fluid HIV antibody self-test kits at community pharmacies, Kunming].
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2015;49(8):741–3. [
PubMed: 26733036]
- 135.
Li J, Huo J, Cui W, Zhang X, Hu Y, Su X, et al. [Analysis on willingness to pay for HIV antibody saliva rapid test and related factors].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2015;36(2):132–5. [
PubMed: 25907721]
- 136.
Liu Y, Sun X, Qian HZ, Yin L, Yan Z, Wang L, et al. Qualitative assessment of barriers and facilitators of access to HIV testing among men who have sex with men in China.
AIDS Care. 2015;29(9):481–9. [
PMC free article: PMC4553375] [
PubMed: 26186029]
- 137.
Wang B, Li X, Stanton B, McGuire J. Correlates of HIV/STD testing and willingness to test among rural-to-urban migrants in China.
AIDS Behav. 2010;14(4):891–903. [
PubMed: 18953644]
- 138.
Wang XF, Wu ZY, Tang ZZ, Nong QX, Li YQ. Promoting HIV testing with home self-test kit among men who have sex with men in China: a feasibility study. Lancet. 2015;386:68.
- 139.
Wei C, Yan H, Yang C, Raymond HF, Li J, Yang H, et al. Accessing HIV testing and treatment among men who have sex with men in China: a qualitative study.
AIDS Care. 2014;26(3):372–8. [
PMC free article: PMC4053186] [
PubMed: 23909807]
- 140.
Wong H, Lee S. Patterns of in-home self-testing for HIV among an internet sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in an Asian population. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 141.
Spielberg F, Quraishy Z, Crean K, Wilson D, Kumar P. Interactive computer tools and self-testing for HIV prevention in southern India. Seattle, Washington; 2007.
- 142.
Lee VJ, Tan SC, Earnest A, Seong PS, Tan HH, Leo YS. User acceptability and feasibility of self-testing with HIV rapid tests.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45(4):449–53. [
PubMed: 17554213]
- 143.
Greacen T, Kersaudy-Rahib D, Le Gall JM, Lydie N, Ghosn J, Champenois K. Comparing the information and support needs of different population groups in preparation for 2015 government approval for HIV self-testing in France.
PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0152567. [
PMC free article: PMC4816498] [
PubMed: 27031234]
- 144.
Greacen T, Friboulet D, Blachier A, Fugon L, Hefez S, Lorente N, et al. Internet-using men who have sex with men would be interested in accessing authorised HIV self-tests available for purchase online.
AIDS Care. 2013;25(1):49–54. [
PubMed: 22670681]
- 145.
Greacen T, Friboulet D, Fugon L, Hefez S, Lorente N, Spire B. Access to and use of unauthorised online HIV self-tests by internet-using French-speaking men who have sex with men.
Sex Transm Dis. 2012;88(5):368–74. [
PubMed: 22436195]
- 146.
Mattioli S, Corbelli GM, Pieralli S, Esposti MD. HIV test: which is your best? A national survey on testing preferences among MSM in Italy.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17(4 Suppl 3):19598. [
PMC free article: PMC4224791] [
PubMed: 25394102]
- 147.
Zuure F, Davidovich U, Fennema H, Prins M. Usage of self-tests for HIV and STI in the general population versus sexual risk groups. Presented at:18th International AIDS Conference; 18-23 July; Vienna, Austria. 2010.
- 148.
van der Helm J, Zuure F, van Bergen J, Coutinho R, Geerlings S, Götz H, et al. Home testing for HIV succeeds in reaching first-time and infrequent testers in the Netherlands: results of the HIVTest@ Home trial. Presented at:21st International AIDS Society; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 149.
Grispen JE, Ronda G, Dinant GJ, de Vries NK, van der Weijden T. To test or not to test: a cross-sectional survey of the psychosocial determinants of self-testing for cholesterol, glucose, and HIV.
BMC Public Health. 2011;11:112. [
PMC free article: PMC3045947] [
PubMed: 21329511]
- 150.
de la Fuente L, Rosales-Statkus ME, Hoyos J, Pulido J, Santos S, Bravo MJ, et al. Are participants in a street-based HIV testing program able to perform their own rapid test and interpret the results?
PLoS ONE. 2012;7(10):e46555. [
PMC free article: PMC3466298] [
PubMed: 23056342]
- 151.
Hoyos J, Belza MJ, Fernandez-Balbuena S, Rosales-Statkus ME, Pulido J, de la Fuente L. Preferred HIV testing services and programme characteristics among clients of a rapid HIV testing programme.
BMC Public Health. 2013;13:791. [
PMC free article: PMC3765864] [
PubMed: 23987230]
- 152.
Rosales-Statkus ME, de la Fuente L, Fernandez-Balbuena S, Figueroa C, Fernandez-Lopez L, Hoyos J, et al. Approval and potential use of over-the-counter HIV self-tests: the opinion of participants in a street based HIV rapid testing program in Spain.
AIDS Behav. 2015;19(3):472–84. [
PubMed: 25537965]
- 153.
Rosales-Statkus ME, Belza-Egozcue MJ, Fernandez-Balbuena S, Hoyos J, Ruiz-Garcia M, de la Fuente L. Who and how many of the potential users would be willing to pay the current or a lower price of the HIV self-test? The opinion of participants in a feasibility study of HIV self-testing in Spain.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 2014;32(5):302–5. [
PubMed: 24468627]
- 154.
Brady M. Self-testing for HIV: initial experience of the UK's first kit. Presented at: British HIV Association; 21 April; Manchester, United Kingdom. 2016.
- 155.
Makusha T, Knight L, Taegtmeyer M, Tulloch O, Davids A, Lim J, et al. HIV self-testing could “revolutionize testing in South Africa, but it has got to be done properly”: perceptions of key stakeholders.
PLoS One. 2015;10(3):e0122783. [
PMC free article: PMC4380342] [
PubMed: 25826655]
- 156.
Gebre Y. HIV self -testing (ST) policy in the Caribbean: acceptability, convenience, delivery model and community readiness to address treatment gap. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 157.
van Rooyen H, Tulloch O, Mukoma W, Makusha T, Chepuka L, Knight LC, et al. What are the constraints and opportunities for HIVST scale-up in Africa? Evidence from Kenya, Malawi and South Africa.
J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(1) [
PMC free article: PMC4369555] [
PubMed: 25797344]
- 158.
Peck RB, Lim JM, van Rooyen H, Mukoma W, Chepuka L, Bansil P, et al. What should the ideal HIV self-test look like? A usability study of test prototypes in unsupervised HIV self-testing in Kenya, Malawi, and South Africa.
AIDS Behav. 2014;18 Suppl 4:S422–32. [
PubMed: 24947852]
- 159.
Qin Y, Han L, Babbit A, Walker J, Liu F, Tang W, et al. The social context of HIV self-testing: a global qualitative systematic review. Presented at:21st International AIDS Society Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 160.
Annex 25: Report on the values and preferences on HIV self-testing in Rakai, Uganda. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 161.
Annex 31: Report on the values and preferences on HIV self-testing and partner notification among men who have sex with men, transgender people and people with HIV from the Regional Office for South-East Asia and the Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 162.
Carballo-Dieguez A, Frasca T, Dolezal C, Balan I. Will gay and bisexually active men at high risk of infection use over-the-counter rapid HIV tests to screen sexual partners?
J Sex Res. 2012;49(4):379–87. [
PMC free article: PMC3600862] [
PubMed: 22293029]
- 163.
Huang E, Marlin RW, Medline A, Young SD, Daniels J, Klausner JD. Cost-effectiveness of HIV self-testing promotion through Grindr™, a smartphone social networking application. Sex Transm Infect. 2015;91:A226.
- 164.
Cambiano V, Ford D, Mabugu T, Napierala Mavedzenge S, Miners A, Mugurungi O, et al. Assessment of the potential impact and cost-effectiveness of self-testing for HIV in low-income countries.
J Infect Dis. 2015;212(4):570–7. [
PMC free article: PMC4512606] [
PubMed: 25767214]
- 165.
Maheswaran H, Petrou S, MacPherson P, Choko A, Kumwenda F, Lallo D, et al. Cost and quality of life analysis of HIV self-testing and facility-based HIV testing and counselling in Blantyre, Malawi.
BMC Med. 2016;14(34) [
PMC free article: PMC4759936] [
PubMed: 26891969]
- 166.
Annex 22: Cost-effectiveness of different delivery approaches for HIV self-testing in Zimbabwe. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
- 167.
Asiimwe S, Oloya J, Song X, Whalen CC. Accuracy of un-supervised versus provider-supervised self-administered HIV testing in Uganda: a randomized implementation trial.
AIDS Behav. 2014;18(12):2477–84. [
PMC free article: PMC4183743] [
PubMed: 24691923]
- 168.
Mavedzenge SN, Sibanda E, Mavengere Y, Hatzold K, Mugurungi O, Ncube G, et al. Supervised HIV self-testing to inform implementation and scale up of self-testing in Zimbabwe. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18
- 169.
Dong M, Regina R, Hilongwane S, Ghebremichael M, Wilson D, Dong K. Can laypersons in high prevalence South Africa perform an HIV self-test accurately?. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 170.
Martínez-Perez G, Steele S, Govender I, Arellano G, Mkwamba A, Hadebe M, et al. Supervised oral HIV self-testing is accurate in rural KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Trop Med Int Health. 2016;2(6):759–67. [
PubMed: 27098272]
- 171.
- 172.
Gaydos CA, Solis M, Hsieh YH, Jett-Goheen M, Nour S, Rothman RE. Use of tablet-based kiosks in the emergency department to guide patient HIV self-testing with a point-of-care oral fluid test.
Int J STD & AIDS. 2013;24(9):716–21. [
PMC free article: PMC3773057] [
PubMed: 23970610]
- 173.
Li YF, Wang YM, Zhang RR, Wang J, Li ZQ, Wang L, et al. [Analysis on accuracy and influencing factors of oral fluid-based rapid HIV self-testing among men who have sex with men].
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2016;37(1):72–5. [
PubMed: 26822647]
- 174.
Ng OT, Chow AL, Lee VJ, Chen MI, Win MK, Tan HH, et al. Accuracy and user-acceptability of HIV self-testing using an oral fluid-based HIV rapid test.
PloS One. 2012;7(9):e45168. [
PMC free article: PMC3444491] [
PubMed: 23028822]
- 175.
Pant Pai N, Behlim T, Abrahams L, Vadnais C, Shivkumar S, Pillay S, et al. Will an unsupervised self-testing strategy for HIV work in health care workers of South Africa? A cross sectional pilot feasibility study.
PLoS ONE. 2013;8(11) [
PMC free article: PMC3842310] [
PubMed: 24312185]
- 176.
Prazuck T, Karon S, Gubavu C, Andre J, Legall JM, Bouvet E, et al. A finger-stick whole-blood HIV self-test as an HIV screening tool adapted to the general public.
PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e0146755. [
PMC free article: PMC4755564] [
PubMed: 26882229]
- 177.
Gras G, Bret PL, Dailloux JF, Moal GL, Raoult A, Fajole G, et al. Low feasibiliy rate of self-testing with a finger-stick whole blood test. Top Antivir Med. 2014;22(e-1):512.
- 178.
Majam Mohammed. personal communication. Johannesburg, South Africa: Jan 1, 2016. HIV self-testing usability assessment in an adult HIV clinic.
- 179.
Gaydos CA, Hsieh Y-H, Harvey L, Burah A, Won H, Jett-Goheen M, et al. Will patients “opt in” to perform their own rapid HIV test in the emergency department?
Ann Emerg Med. 2011;58(1 Suppl 1):S74–8. [
PMC free article: PMC3187596] [
PubMed: 21684413]
- 180.
Spielberg F, Camp S, Ramachandra EH. Home self-testing: Can it work?. Presented at: National HIV Prevention Conference; 27-30 July; Atlanta, GA. 2003.
- 181.
Figueroa C, Johnson C, Verster A, Dalal S, Baggaley R. Systematic review on HIV self-testing (HIVST) performance and accuracy of results. Presented at:21st International AIDS Conference; 18-22 July; Durban, South Africa. 2016.
- 182.
Jaspard M, Le Moal G, Saberan-Roncato M, Plainchamp D, Langlois D, Camps P, et al. Finger-stick whole blood HIV-1/-2 home-use tests are more sensitive than oral fluid-based in-home HIV tests.
PLoS ONE. 2014;9(6):e101148. [
PMC free article: PMC4074152] [
PubMed: 24971842]
- 183.
Hatzold K. HIV self-testing Africa (STAR) project launch. Presented at:19th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in Africa; 29 November - 5 December; Harare, Zimbabwe. 2015.
- 184.
Curran K, Johnson C, Ngure K, Mugo N, Baeten J, Heffron R, et al. The potential role of HIV self-testing within pre-exposure prophylaxis implementation. Presented at:20th International AIDS Conference; 20-25 July 2014; Melbourne, Australia. 2014.
- 185.