A. Members and contributors with no relevant interests declared on the declaration-of-interest form and no relevant interests found in the CV/résumé

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Martin Prince, GDG chair, Professor of Epidemiological Psychiatry, Health Services and Population Research Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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Emiliano Albanese, Head, Division of Public Mental Health, and Aging, Institute of Global Health, Geneva, Switzerland

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Olivier Bruyère, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

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Kralj Carolina, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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A.B. Dey, Professor and Head of Department, Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Science, New Delhi, India

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Amit Dias, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Goa Medical College Bambolim, Goa, India

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Meredith Fendt-Newlin, Social Care Workforce Research Unit, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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Astrid Fletcher, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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Dorothy Forbes, Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy, Alberta, Canada

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Anne Foster, Professor of Stroke Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

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Mariella Guerra, Institute of Memory, Depression and Related Disorders, Lima, Peru

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Jill Keeffe, L.V. Prasad Eye Institute, WHO Collaborating Centre for Prevention of Blindness, Hyderabad, India

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Qurat Khan, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan

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Gudlavalleti V.S. Murthy, Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, Madhapur, India

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Joseph G. Ouslander, Chair, Department of Integrated Medical Science, and Senior Associated Dean of Geriatric Programs, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America

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Minha Rajput-Ray, Medical Director, Need for Nutrition Education/Innovation Programme, Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Sumantra Ray, Lead Clinician (National Diet and Nutrition Survey), Medical Research Council (Human Nutrition Research), Cambridge, United Kingdom

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Luis Miguel F. Gutiérrez Robledo, Director-General, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría Institutos Nacionales de Salud de México, Mexico City, Mexico

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John F. Schnelle, Professor of Medicine, Director, Center for Quality Aging Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Vanderbilt Center for Quality Aging, Nashville, Tennessee, United States

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Alessandra Stella, Independent consultant, Rome, Italy

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Richard Uwakwe, Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Aikiwe University Nnewi Campus, Awka, Nigeria

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Abebaw Fekadu Wassie, Associate Professor, Addis Ababa University, College of Health Science, Department of Psychiatry, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Jean Woo, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, and Institute of Aging, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

B. Guideline development group members who have declared an interest on the declaration-of-interest form or for whom a potentially relevant interest has been noted from the CV/résumé

1. Olivier Bruyère, Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
   Professor Bruyère did not declare any interests on the declaration-of-interest form. It is noted from his CV that he is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO).
   ESCEO is a not-for-profit organization, dedicated to a close interaction between clinical scientists dealing with bone, joint and muscle disorders, the pharmaceutical industry developing new compounds in this field, regulators responsible for the registration of such medications, and health policy-makers, to integrate the management of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis within the comprehensive perspective of health resources utilization.
   The objective of ESCEO is to provide practitioners with the latest clinical and economic information, allowing them to organize their daily practice, using an evidence-based-medicine perspective, with a cost-conscious perception. Financial details can be found in the organization’s annual report.⁴
   Action: It was felt that this interest was insignificant or minimal and unlikely to affect, or be reasonably perceived to affect, Professor Bruyère’s judgement in the development of the present guidelines. No further action was necessary.
2. Alan Dangour, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
   Dr Dangour declared in the declaration-of-interest form that he had received from the United Kingdom Department of Health a competitive grant (£660 000) to conduct research on nutrition in older people. He also provided expert opinion to the same department for a judicial review on nutrition in older people.
   Action – Participation with verbal disclosure: It was felt that this interest was relatively minor and Dr Dangour should continue his involvement in the GDG. At the start of the meeting, he was requested to verbally disclose the research involvement to all meeting participants.
3. Jean-Yves Reginster, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
   Professor Reginster declared that he was president of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO). ESCEO is a not-for-profit organization, dedicated to a close interaction between clinical scientists dealing with bone, joint and muscle disorders, pharmaceutical industry developing new compounds in this field, regulators responsible for the registration of such medications and health policy-makers, to integrate the management of osteoporosis and osteoarthritis within the comprehensive perspective of health resources utilization. The objective of ESCEO is to provide practitioners with the latest clinical and economic information, allowing them to organize their daily practice, using an evidence-based-medicine perspective, with a cost-conscious perception. Financial details can be found in the organization’s annual report.⁵
   Action – Partial exclusion: It was decided that Professor Reginster could continue as a member of the GDG and participate in the deliberations of the evidence to inform all of the guidelines. He will be excluded from participating in the decision-making (voting) process relating to drafting the final recommendation on nutritional supplements for lean muscle mass and muscle strength. At the start of the meeting, Professor Reginster was asked to disclose verbally his position in ESCEO, his intellectual interests and the interests of his organization in the guidelines related to nutritional interventions targeting muscle strength and lean muscle mass.
4. Matteo Cesari, Gérontopôle, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
   Professor Cesari declared that he was a speaker for Nestlé. Nestlé is a leading company that manufactures nutritional supplements for older people, targeting their unique nutritional needs. A small number of the trials included in the reviews had been funded by Nestlé or tested the benefit of Nestlé nutritional supplements for older people.
   Action – Partial exclusion: It was decided that Professor Cesari could continue as a member of the GDG and participate in the deliberations of the evidence to inform all guidelines. He was excluded from participating in the decision-making (voting) process relating to the drafting of the final recommendation on oral nutritional supplementation for older people with undernutrition.

C. External resource people with no relevant interests declared on the declaration-of-interest form or for whom such interests declared are insignificant or minimal

1. Nandi Siegfried, Consultant, Guideline Methodologist, Independent Consultant
   Dr Siegfried did not declare any interests on the declaration-of-interest form. It was noted from her CV/résumé that she has provided technical support, expert input, and facilitation to WHO clinical guidelines development processes in the fields of HIV/AIDS and nutrition.
   Action: Dr Siegfried was a technical resource and did not therefore participate in any of the closed sessions (voting on or drafting of final recommendations).