A person with bipolar disorder experiences episodes in which their mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed. They may experience periods of elevated mood and increased energy and activity (mania), as well as periods of low mood and decreased energy and activity (depression).

A model of care in which physical and mental health services are integrated. It is a multi-professional approach to patient care with a structured management plan, scheduled patient follow‐up, and enhanced inter‐professional communication.

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) aims to address negative feelings by understanding thoughts and behaviours that lead to these feelings. A CBT therapist helps a person identify distorted thoughts and maladaptive behaviours.

Contingency management therapy is a form of therapy that involves encouraging positive, desired behaviours through rewards. Examples of desired behaviours include participating in treatment and reducing harmful substance use. It is recommended as a form of therapy for persons with alcohol or drug use disorders.

A person with moderate to severe depression typically may experience low mood, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, or low energy for at least two weeks or more. Additional symptoms may include reduced concentration and attention, reduced self-esteem and self-confidence, excessive feelings of guilt or unworthiness, bleak or pessimistic views of the future, disturbed sleep, diminished appetite, or ideas or attempts of self-harm or suicide.

A fixed-dose combinations (FDC) is a combination of two or more medications in one pill, the goal of which is to simplify medication regimens. FDCs have been shown to increase adherence, decrease prescribing mistakes, and streamline procurement.

Refers to control of blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology is an internationally agreed upon standard for rating the quality of studies included in a systematic review according to study design, risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias.

Refer to the unintended side effects or health consequences of prescribed medication or other healthcare interventions.

Motivational interviewing or motivational enhancement therapy is a type of therapy that engages a person in a discussion about their behaviour and what they perceive as the benefits and harms of this behaviour, with the goal of supporting behaviour change.

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) encompass all diseases that are not infectious in origin. The term NCDs commonly refers to mental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, respiratory illnesses, and cancers.

Excess weight, defined by a body-mass-index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 25 and less than 30.

Excess weight, defined by a body-mass-index (BMI) of greater than or equal to 30.

A group of conditions that include moderate to severe depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychotic disorder, which is characterized by distortions of thinking and/or perception. Schizophrenia may manifest by disorganized thinking, paranoia or suspiciousness, delusional beliefs, altered perceptions or hallucinations, limited range of emotions, and/or impaired functioning.

Defined as the social circumstances across a lifetime in which people are born, raised, and live their lives. Inequitable distribution of resources impact these conditions and subsequently impact numerous health outcomes.

Universal health coverage (UHC) is a principle by which all persons have access to essential health care without onerous out-of-pocket expenditures.