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WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience: Nutritional interventions update: Vitamin D supplements during pregnancy [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.

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WHO antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience: Nutritional interventions update: Vitamin D supplements during pregnancy [Internet].

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Acknowledgements

The World Health Organization (WHO) gratefully acknowledges the contributions that many individuals and organizations have made to the updating of this guideline recommendation. The WHO Departments of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research (SRH); Nutrition and Food Safety (NFS); and Maternal, Newborn, Child, Adolescent Health and Ageing (MCA) oversaw this normative work.

María Barreix, Maurice Bucagu, Olufemi Oladapo, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, Lisa Rogers and Özge Tunçalp were the members of the WHO Steering Group that managed the guideline development process. The members of the Guideline Development Group (GDG) included Niveen Abu Rmeileh, Luz Maria De-Regil, Aft Ghérissi, Gill Gyte, Rintaro Mori, James Neilson, Lynnette Neufeld, Lisa Noguchi, Nafissa Osman, Erika Ota, Robert Pattinson, Rusidah Selamat, Harshpal Singh Sachdev, Charlotte Warren and Charles Wyisonge. James Neilson served as chair of the GDG. We thank members of the External Review Group, including Rodolfo Gomez, Tamar Kabakian, Petr Velebil and Yacouba Yaro.

WHO would also like to thank the authors of the updated Cochrane systematic reviews used for their collaboration (in alphabetical order): Jessica C. John, Lia Kostiuk Lombardo, Paul Lips, Lucero Lopez-Perez, Ricardo X. Martinez, Cristina Palacios, Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas, James A. Salisi and Maria Angelica Trak-Fellermeier; as well as Leanne Jones, Frances Kellie and Myfanwy Williams who facilitated this collaboration process. Edgardo Abalos, Monica Chamillard and Virginia Dias graded quantitative evidence and Therese Dowswell assisted with evidence synthesis. Soo Downe and Kenny Finlayson performed the qualitative reviews that informed the values, acceptability and feasibility criteria of the evidence-to-decision framework and graded the qualitative evidence for the original guideline, which were also employed for this update. Theresa Lawrie, with members of the WHO Steering Group, synthesized and reviewed the evidence and drafted the evidence-to-decision framework and the final guideline document. We would like to thank Joshua Vogel for his support with the living guidelines process.

We acknowledge the various organizations that were represented by observers at the technical consultation, including: Hani Fawzi of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO); Jeffrey Smith of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation; Lisa Welcland of the International Confederation of Midwives (ICM); Petra ten Hoope-Bender of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA); and Elaine Gray of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). We appreciate the contributions of WHO Regional Office staff to this update: Nino Berdzuli, Bremen de Mucio, Anoma Jayathilaka, Ramez Khairi, Léopold Ouedraogo and Howard Sobel.

Funding was provided for this updated recommendation by USAID; the UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction; and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Donors do not fund specific guidelines and do not participate in any decision related to the guideline development process, including the composition of research questions, membership of the guideline groups, conduct and interpretation of systematic reviews, or formulation of recommendations.

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