In this second supplement (December 2014) to the 2013 consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection, recommendations from two guideline development processes are included:

• post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV;
• the use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among adults, adolescents and children.

These guidelines provide new recommendations and updates to previous recommendations outlined in Chapter 5 (ARV drugs for HIV prevention) and Chapter 8 (Managing common coinfections and comorbidities) of the 2013 consolidated ARV guidelines, and following the similar structure of the 2013 ARV guidelines, these recommendations are organized along the continuum of care. These guidelines reflect important advances in the use of ARV drugs to prevent HIV with more simplified approaches to post-exposure prophylaxis and simplifying the indications on the use of co-trimoxazole to prevent opportunistic infections, bacterial infections and malaria.

Contents

• ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
• DEFINITIONS
• ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• SUMMARY OF NEW RECOMMENDATIONS
• 1. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Background and context
  • 1.2 Organization of the guidelines
  • 1.3 Rationale for consolidating the guidelines in this supplement
  • 1.4 Objectives
  • 1.5 Target audience
  • 1.6 Scope and components
• 2. METHODS
  • 2.1 General considerations
  • 2.2 Post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
  • 2.3 The use of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-related infections among adults, adolescents and children
• 3. GUIDING PRINCIPLES
  • 3.1 Public health approach
  • 3.2 Promoting human rights and health equity
  • 3.3 Implementation based on local context
• 4. POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV
  • 4.1 New recommendations on post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV
  • 4.2 Eligibility for post-exposure prophylaxis
  • 4.3 Number of ARV drugs prescribed for post-exposure prophylaxis
  • 4.4 Post-exposure prophylaxis ARV regimens – adults and adolescents
  • 4.5 Post-exposure prophylaxis ARV regimens – children (≤10 years old)
  • 4.6 Prescribing frequency
  • 4.7 Adherence strategies
  • 4.8 Management of possible exposure to other conditions
  • 4.9 Follow-up
  • 4.10 Prevention
  • 4.11 Considerations for specific populations
  • 4.12 Research gaps
  • 4.13 Guidance for programme managers: implementing the key recommendations
  • 4.14 Monitoring and evaluation
• 5. THE USE OF CO-TRIMOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS FOR HIV-RELATED INFECTIONS AMONG ADULTS, ADOLESCENTS AND CHILDREN
  • 5.1 Background
  • 5.2 Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for adults
  • 5.3 Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-infected infants, children and adolescents
  • 5.4 Co-trimoxazole prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants
  • 5.5 Implementation considerations
  • 5.6 Research gaps
• 6. DISSEMINATION OF THE SUPPLEMENT
• REFERENCES

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