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Inter-Src homology 2 (iSH2) helical domain of Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-kinase Regulatory subunits PI3Ks catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP to the 3-hydroxyl of the inositol ring of D-myo-phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) or its derivatives. They play an important role in a variety of fundamental cellular processes, including cell motility, the Ras pathway, vesicle trafficking and secretion, immune cell activation, and apoptosis. They are classified according to their substrate specificity, regulation, and domain structure. Class IA PI3Ks are heterodimers of a p110 catalytic (C) subunit and a p85-related regulatory (R) subunit. The R subunit down-regulates PI3K basal activity, stabilizes the C subunit, and plays a role in the activation downstream of tyrosine kinases. All R subunits contain two SH2 domains that flank an intervening helical domain (iSH2), which binds to the N-terminal adaptor-binding domain (ABD) of the catalytic subunit. In vertebrates, there are three genes (PIK3R1, PIK3R2, and PIK3R3) that encode for different Class IA PI3K R subunits. |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",