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Euykaryotic Choline Kinase ChoK catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-phosphoryl group from ATP (or CTP) to its substrate, choline, producing phosphorylcholine (PCho), a precursor to the biosynthesis of two major membrane phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM). Although choline is the preferred substrate, ChoK also shows substantial activity towards ethanolamine and its N-methylated derivatives. ChoK plays an important role in cell signaling pathways and the regulation of cell growth. Along with PCho, it is involved in malignant transformation through Ras oncogenes in various human cancers such as breast, lung, colon, prostate, neuroblastoma, and hepatic lymphoma. In mammalian cells, there are three ChoK isoforms (A-1, A-2, and B) which are active in homo- or heterodimeric forms. The ChoK subfamily is part of a larger superfamily that includes the catalytic domains of other kinases, such as the typical serine/threonine/tyrosine protein kinases (PKs), RIO kinases, actin-fragmin kinase (AFK), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). |
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",