ubiquitin-like (Ubl) domain found in autophagy-related 8 (ATG8) and similar proteins
The ATG8 family of proteins constitute a single member in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Atg8p, and multiple homologs in higher eukaryotes, they are multifunctional ubiquitin-like (Ubl) key regulators of autophagy. The ATG8 system is a Ubl conjugation system that is essential for autophagosome formation. In the ATG8 system, a cysteine protease (ATG4) cleaves a C-terminal arginine from ATG8, and then the exposed C-terminal glycine is conjugated to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) by ATG7, an E1-like enzyme, and ATG3, an E2-like enzyme. The mammalian ATG8 family is classified into three subfamilies: i) MAP1LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) which includes MAP1LC3A, MAP1LC3B, MAP1LC3B2, and MAP1LC3C, ii) GABARAP (GABA type A receptor associated protein) which includes GABARAP, GABARAPL1, and GABARAPL3, and iii) GABARAPL2 (GABA type A receptor associated protein like 2), also known as GATE-16 (golgi-associated adenosine triphosphatase enhancer of 16 kDa).
Jiyao W et al.(2023). "The conserved domain database in 2023.",