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AZIN2 antizyme inhibitor 2 [ Sorex araneus (European shrew) ]

Gene ID: 101541364, updated on 8-Mar-2024

Summary

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Gene symbol
AZIN2
Gene description
antizyme inhibitor 2
See related
EnsemblRapid:ENSSARG00000000203
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Sorex araneus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Eulipotyphla; Soricidae; Soricinae; Sorex
Also known as
ADC
Summary
The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the antizyme inhibitor family, which plays a role in cell growth and proliferation by maintaining polyamine homeostasis within the cell. Antizyme inhibitors are homologs of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC, the key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis) that have lost the ability to decarboxylase ornithine; however, retain the ability to bind to antizymes. Antizymes negatively regulate intracellular polyamine levels by binding to ODC and targeting it for degradation, as well as by inhibiting polyamine uptake. Antizyme inhibitors function as positive regulators of polyamine levels by sequestering antizymes and neutralizing their effect. This gene encodes antizyme inhibitor 2, the second member of this gene family. Like antizyme inhibitor 1, antizyme inhibitor 2 interacts with all 3 antizymes and stimulates ODC activity and polyamine uptake. However, unlike antizyme inhibitor 1, which is ubiquitously expressed and localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm, antizyme inhibitor 2 is predominantly expressed in the brain and testis and localized in the endoplasmic reticulum-golgi intermediate compartment. Recent studies indicate that antizyme inhibitor 2 is also expressed in specific cell types in ovaries, adrenal glands and pancreas, and in mast cells. The exact function of this gene is not known, however, available data suggest its role in cell growth, spermiogenesis, vesicular trafficking and secretion. There has been confusion in literature and databases over the nomenclature of this gene, stemming from an earlier report that a human cDNA clone (identical to ODCp/AZIN2) had arginine decarboxylase (ADC) activity (PMID:14738999). Subsequent studies in human and mouse showed that antizyme inhibitor 2 was devoid of arginine decarboxylase activity (PMID:19956990). [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2014]
Orthologs
human mouse all
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Genomic context

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See AZIN2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
chromosome: 5
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_04 current mSorAra2.pri (GCF_027595985.1) 5 NC_073306.1 (43031911..43061523, complement)
101 previous assembly SorAra2.0 (GCF_000181275.1) Unplaced Scaffold NW_004545928.1 (10096964..10126095, complement)

Chromosome 5 - NC_073306.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene tripartite motif containing 62 Neighboring gene U6 spliceosomal RNA Neighboring gene 60S ribosomal protein L23a-like Neighboring gene adenylate kinase 2 Neighboring gene ring finger protein 19B

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Antizyme inhibitor 2: molecular, cellular and physiological aspects. López-Contreras AJ, et al. Amino Acids, 2010 Feb. PMID 19956990

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

General gene information

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Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by RefSeq

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables catalytic activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
enables ornithine decarboxylase activator activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in negative regulation of protein catabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of catalytic activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of polyamine transmembrane transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in putrescine biosynthetic process from ornithine IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in cytoplasm IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
antizyme inhibitor 2
Names
arginine decarboxylase

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001293736.1 → NP_001280665.1  antizyme inhibitor 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001280665.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Source sequence(s)
    AALT02127999, AALT02128000, AALT02128001
    Related
    ENSSARP00000000185.2, ENSSART00000000203.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd00622
    Location:40 → 408
    PLPDE_III_ODC; Type III Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP)-Dependent Enzyme Ornithine Decarboxylase

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_027595985.1-RS_2023_04

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference mSorAra2.pri

Genomic

  1. NC_073306.1 Reference mSorAra2.pri

    Range
    43031911..43061523 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_055137296.1 → XP_054993271.1  antizyme inhibitor 2 isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version

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