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CYGB cytoglobin [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 114757, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
CYGBprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
cytoglobinprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:16505
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000161544 MIM:608759; AllianceGenome:HGNC:16505
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
HGB; NOD; STAP
Summary
This gene encodes a globin protein found in vertebrate cells. The encoded protein is described as a hexacoordinate hemoglobin which binds ligand differently from the pentacoordinate hemoglobins involved in oxygen transport, and may be involved in protection during oxidative stress. This gene is located on chromosome 17 in the same region as a retinal gene which is mutated in progressive rod-cone degeneration, but in the opposite orientation. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2012]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in fat (RPKM 16.5), urinary bladder (RPKM 7.0) and 23 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See CYGB in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
17q25.1
Exon count:
6
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 17 NC_000017.11 (76527356..76551193, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 17 NC_060941.1 (77424099..77449394, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 17 NC_000017.10 (74523438..74533791, complement)

Chromosome 17 - NC_000017.11Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74449240-74449408 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12808 Neighboring gene aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74469380-74469890 Neighboring gene rhomboid 5 homolog 2 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9018 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9019 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 9020 Neighboring gene Sharpr-MPRA regulatory region 10531 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak3008 silencer Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74487839-74488704 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74496763-74497432 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12809 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74506318-74506528 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74508911-74509513 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr17:74518115-74518272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12810 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74525989-74526722 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74526723-74527456 Neighboring gene photoreceptor disc component Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74543392-74543895 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 12811 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74553466-74554266 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr17:74554267-74555068 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1C Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 1B

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Knockdown of cytoglobin expression sensitizes human glioma cells to radiation and oxidative stress. Fang J, et al. Radiat Res, 2011 Aug. PMID 21631290
  2. Cytoglobin ligand binding regulated by changing haem-co-ordination in response to intramolecular disulfide bond formation and lipid interaction. Beckerson P, et al. Biochem J, 2015 Jan 1. PMID 25327890
  3. Cytoglobin in tumor hypoxia: novel insights into cancer suppression. Chakraborty S, et al. Tumour Biol, 2014 Jul. PMID 24816917
  4. Expression and biological role of cytoglobin in human ovarian cancer. Chen H, et al. Tumour Biol, 2014 Jul. PMID 24737588
  5. Disulfide bonds regulate binding of exogenous ligand to human cytoglobin. Tsujino H, et al. J Inorg Biochem, 2014 Jun. PMID 24632414

See all (87) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of bladder cancer via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis.
    Title: SOX7 inhibits the malignant progression of bladder cancer via the DNMT3B/CYGB axis.
  2. The cytoglobin-dependent transcriptome in melanoma indicates a protective function associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer-associated pathways.
    Title: The cytoglobin-dependent transcriptome in melanoma indicates a protective function associated with oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer-associated pathways.
  3. Cytoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 75 Patients.
    Title: Cytoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis of 75 Patients.
  4. Cytoglobin has potent superoxide dismutase function.
    Title: Cytoglobin has potent superoxide dismutase function.
  5. TGF-beta1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
    Title: TGF-β1-driven reduction of cytoglobin leads to oxidative DNA damage in stellate cells during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
  6. A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma.
    Title: A reliable set of reference genes to normalize oxygen-dependent cytoglobin gene expression levels in melanoma.
  7. Cytoglobin-expressing cells in the splenic cords contribute to splenic fibrosis in cirrhotic patients.
    Title: Cytoglobin-expressing cells in the splenic cords contribute to splenic fibrosis in cirrhotic patients.
  8. Cytoglobin promotes sensitivity to ferroptosis by regulating p53-YAP1 axis in colon cancer cells.
    Title: Cytoglobin promotes sensitivity to ferroptosis by regulating p53-YAP1 axis in colon cancer cells.
  9. The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease.
    Title: The Antioxidative Role of Cytoglobin in Podocytes: Implications for a Role in Chronic Kidney Disease.
  10. Regulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Vascular Tone by Cytoglobin.
    Title: Regulation of Nitric Oxide Metabolism and Vascular Tone by Cytoglobin.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (71)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

HIV-1 interactions

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Protein interactions

Protein Gene Interaction Pubs
Vpr vpr Treatment of human primary astrocytes with HIV-1 Vpr downregulates expression of eleven genes, BNIP3, CYGB, DUOX2, DUSP1, FOXM1, GAPDH, HPRT1, MT3, MTL5, PTGS2, and SCARA3 PubMed

Go to the HIV-1, Human Interaction Database

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables carbon monoxide binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables catalase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables fatty acid peroxidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables heme binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables iron ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, heme protein as donor IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables nitrite reductase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxidoreductase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables oxygen binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables oxygen carrier activity NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
enables peroxidase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables superoxide dismutase activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in fatty acid oxidation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of collagen biosynthetic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of fibroblast migration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in nitric oxide catabolic process IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in oxygen transport NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in removal of superoxide radicals IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in response to hypoxia IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to oxidative stress ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
 PubMed 
Component Evidence Code Pubs
is_active_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytoplasm IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in cytosol TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in neuron projection IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
cytoglobin
Names
histoglobin
nitric oxygen dioxygenase CYGB
nitrite reductase CYGB
pseudoperoxidase CYGB
stellate cell activation-associated protein
superoxide dismutase CYGB
NP_599030.1
XP_005257062.1
XP_016879605.1
XP_054170909.1
XP_054170910.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_134268.5 → NP_599030.1  cytoglobin

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_599030.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AI470692, AK098057, BQ881744
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS11746.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    Q541Y7, Q8N2X5, Q8WWM9
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A1K0FUB6
    Related
    ENSP00000293230.4, ENST00000293230.10
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08924
    Location:22 → 171
    Cygb; Cytoglobin and related globins

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000017.11 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    76527356..76551193 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_017024116.2 → XP_016879605.1  cytoglobin isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    K7EIM9
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21461
    Location:1 → 106
    Globin_like; Globin-like proteins

  2. XM_005257005.4 → XP_005257062.1  cytoglobin isoform X1

    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cd08924
    Location:22 → 171
    Cygb; Cytoglobin and related globins

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060941.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    77424099..77449394 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054314935.1 → XP_054170910.1  cytoglobin isoform X2

  2. XM_054314934.1 → XP_054170909.1  cytoglobin isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q8WWM9.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q8WWM9

Gene LinkOut

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