U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Cacna1d calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D [ Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) ]

Gene ID: 29716, updated on 10-Oct-2024

Summary

Go to the top of the page Help
Official Symbol
Cacna1dprovided by RGD
Official Full Name
calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 Dprovided by RGD
Primary source
RGD:70973
See related
EnsemblRapid:ENSRNOG00000013147 AllianceGenome:RGD:70973
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Rattus norvegicus
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus
Summary
Enables PDZ domain binding activity; ankyrin binding activity; and high voltage-gated calcium channel activity. Involved in several processes, including cellular response to amyloid-beta; positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity; and positive regulation of transport. Located in several cellular components, including apical plasma membrane; dendrite membrane; and sarcolemma. Biomarker of sciatic neuropathy. Human ortholog(s) of this gene implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Orthologous to human CACNA1D (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 D). [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Expression
Biased expression in Adrenal (RPKM 52.2), Brain (RPKM 48.0) and 9 other tissues See more
Orthologs
human mouse all
NEW
Try the new Gene table
Try the new Transcript table

Genomic context

Go to the top of the page Help
See Cacna1d in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16p16
Exon count:
52
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_02 current GRCr8 (GCF_036323735.1) 16 NC_086034.1 (5233682..5527549, complement)
RS_2023_06 previous assembly mRatBN7.2 (GCF_015227675.2) 16 NC_051351.1 (5227157..5521163, complement)
106 previous assembly Rnor_6.0 (GCF_000001895.5) 16 NC_005115.4 (6110294..6405022, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_086034.1Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene actin related protein 8 Neighboring gene interleukin 17 receptor B Neighboring gene choline dehydrogenase Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC108348454 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC120097386 Neighboring gene 60S ribosomal protein L34 pseudogene Neighboring gene decapping mRNA 1A Neighboring gene transketolase

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

Go to the top of the page Help

Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

Go to the top of the page Help
  • Project title: A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages A rat RNA-Seq transcriptomic BodyMap across 11 organs and 4 developmental stages
  • Description: 320 RNA samples isolated from 11 organs (adrenal gland, brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, thymus, and testes or uterus) from both sexes of Fischer 344 rats across four developmental stages (2-, 6-, 21-, and 104-weeks-old)
  • BioProject: PRJNA238328
  • Publication: PMID 24510058
  • Analysis date: Mon Jun 6 17:44:12 2016

Bibliography

Go to the top of the pageHelp

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Dominant role of CACNA1D exon mutations for blood pressure regulation.
    Title: Dominant role of CACNA1D exon mutations for blood pressure regulation.
  2. Snapin Specifically Up-Regulates Cav1.3 Ca(2+) Channel Variant with a Long Carboxyl Terminus.
    Title: Snapin Specifically Up-Regulates Ca(v)1.3 Ca(2+) Channel Variant with a Long Carboxyl Terminus.
  3. Cav 1.3 damages the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic rats by negatively regulating Spred 2-mediated autophagy-induced cell senescence.
    Title: Cav 1.3 damages the osteogenic differentiation in osteoporotic rats by negatively regulating Spred 2-mediated autophagy-induced cell senescence.
  4. Cdk5 phosphorylates CaV1.3 channels and regulates GABAA-mediated miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents in striato-nigral terminals.
    Title: Cdk5 phosphorylates Ca(V)1.3 channels and regulates GABA(A)-mediated miniature inhibitory post-synaptic currents in striato-nigral terminals.
  5. CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in rat white fat adipocytes.
    Title: CaV1.2 and CaV1.3 voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels in rat white fat adipocytes.
  6. Study have showned a significant effect of the autism-associated mutation A760G on the gating of CaV1.3 such that channel activation is significantly left-shifted, Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation is decreased, and deactivation is slowed, resulting in excess Ca2+ entry. However, these effects are mitigated by an increase in voltage-dependent inactivation. Also, A760G mutation differentially affects CaV1.3 splice variants.
    Title: An autism-associated mutation in CaV1.3 channels has opposing effects on voltage- and Ca(2+)-dependent regulation.
  7. L-type channels in insulin-secreting cells are directly targeted by cGMP signaling through PKG.
    Title: Regulation of L-type Ca(V)1.3 channel activity and insulin secretion by the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway.
  8. In addition, single-molecule localization microscopy revealed striking clusters of CaV1.3 channels surrounding clusters of BK channels and forming a multi-channel complex both in a heterologous system and in rat hippocampal and sympathetic neurons.
    Title: Proximal clustering between BK and Ca(V)1.3 channels promotes functional coupling and BK channel activation at low voltage.
  9. Data indicate that in rats, central L-type calcium Cav1.2 channels, rather than Cav1.3, mediate alcohol-seeking behavior.
    Title: Differential Roles for L-Type Calcium Channel Subtypes in Alcohol Dependence.
  10. activated Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) strongly interacts with a novel binding motif in the N-terminal domain of CaV1 LTCC alpha1 subunits that is not conserved in CaV2 or CaV3 voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel subunits. Mutations in the CaV1.3 alpha1 subunit N-terminal domain or in the CaMKII catalytic domain that largely prevent the in vitro interaction also disrupt CaMKII association with intact...
    Title: A novel mechanism for Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II targeting to L-type Ca(2+) channels that initiates long-range signaling to the nucleus.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (42)

Pathways from PubChem

Go to the top of the page

Interactions

Go to the top of the page Help
Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

Go to the top of the page Help

Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by RGD

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables PDZ domain binding IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables alpha-actinin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables alpha-actinin binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables ankyrin binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables ankyrin binding ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables calcium channel activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables high voltage-gated calcium channel activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables high voltage-gated calcium channel activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables high voltage-gated calcium channel activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
contributes_to high voltage-gated calcium channel activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables high voltage-gated calcium channel activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables metal ion binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved SA node cell action potential ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in cardiac muscle cell action potential IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
enables voltage-gated calcium channel activity involved in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium levels ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
acts_upstream_of_or_within adenylate cyclase-modulating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in calcium ion import IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in calcium ion import IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in calcium ion import ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in calcium ion import across plasma membrane IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in calcium ion transmembrane transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within calcium ion transmembrane transport ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in calcium ion transport IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in calcium ion transport ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in calcium-mediated signaling IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cardiac muscle cell action potential involved in contraction ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in cellular response to amyloid-beta IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
acts_upstream_of_or_within establishment of localization in cell ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in heart development IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in membrane depolarization during SA node cell action potential ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in membrane depolarization during cardiac muscle cell action potential IC
Inferred by Curator
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in memory IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in metal ion transport IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in optic nerve development IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of CREB transcription factor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of adenylate cyclase activity ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion transport IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of calcium ion transport ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of membrane depolarization IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of calcium ion transport IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of heart rate by cardiac conduction ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transport ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of potassium ion transmembrane transporter activity ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in regulation of presynaptic cytosolic calcium ion concentration IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in response to estradiol IEP
Inferred from Expression Pattern
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sensory perception of sound IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
acts_upstream_of_or_within sensory perception of sound ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
involved_in sensory perception of sound ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of L-type voltage-gated calcium channel complex ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in Z disc ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in apical plasma membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in basolateral plasma membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in cell surface IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in cochlear hair cell ribbon synapse ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in dendrite ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in dendrite membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in neuron projection terminus ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in neuronal cell body ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in perikaryon IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in plasma membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
is_active_in postsynaptic membrane IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
is_active_in presynaptic active zone membrane ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  
located_in primary dendrite IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in sarcolemma IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in somatodendritic compartment IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated calcium channel complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated calcium channel complex IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
part_of voltage-gated calcium channel complex ISO
Inferred from Sequence Orthology
more info
  

General protein information

Go to the top of the page Help
Preferred Names
voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D
Names
CaV1.3alpha1
RBD
brain class D
calcium channel alpha-1 subunit
calcium channel, L type, alpha-1 polypeptide
calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1D subunit
voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha1D
voltage-gated calcium channel pore forming subunit CaV1.3alpha1 IVS3-IVS4 extracellular linker
voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha Cav1.3

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

Go to the top of the page Help

NEW Try the new Transcript table

RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001389225.2 → NP_001376154.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    JAXUCZ010000016
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000042492.6, ENSRNOT00000047737.6
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:125 → 417
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1553 → 1624
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1647 → 2161
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1489 → 1542
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_036323735.1-RS_2024_02

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCr8

Genomic

  1. NC_086034.1 Reference GRCr8

    Range
    5233682..5527549 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_063275281.1 → XP_063131351.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X23

  2. XM_006252595.5 → XP_006252657.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X14

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000051407.4, ENSRNOT00000051371.7
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:1222 → 1460
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1533 → 1604
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1628 → 2141
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1468 → 1531
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

  3. XM_063275280.1 → XP_063131350.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X22

  4. XM_017600059.3 → XP_017455548.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X6

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  5. XM_039094434.2 → XP_038950362.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X3

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:125 → 417
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1595 → 1666
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1689 → 2203
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1531 → 1584
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

  6. XM_017600065.3 → XP_017455554.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X15

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000111356.1, ENSRNOT00000154013.1

  7. XM_017600064.3 → XP_017455553.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X10

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7

  8. XM_063275274.1 → XP_063131344.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X13

    Related
    ENSRNOP00000112060.1, ENSRNOT00000173440.1

  9. XM_006252590.5 → XP_006252652.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X8

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000105484.1, ENSRNOT00000127888.1
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:1242 → 1495
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1568 → 1639
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1663 → 2176
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1503 → 1566
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

  10. XM_017600058.3 → XP_017455547.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X5

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  11. XM_017600057.3 → XP_017455546.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X4

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  12. XM_063275273.1 → XP_063131343.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X11

  13. XM_017600055.3 → XP_017455544.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  14. XM_063275282.1 → XP_063131352.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X24

  15. XM_006252597.5 → XP_006252659.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X16

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:1222 → 1460
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1533 → 1604
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1628 → 2132
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1468 → 1531
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

  16. XM_006252594.5 → XP_006252656.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X12

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A0A8I5ZX89
    Conserved Domains (4) summary
    pfam00520
    Location:1222 → 1475
    Ion_trans; Ion transport protein
    pfam08763
    Location:1548 → 1619
    Ca_chan_IQ; Voltage gated calcium channel IQ domain
    pfam16885
    Location:1643 → 2156
    CAC1F_C; Voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha, C-term
    pfam16905
    Location:1483 → 1546
    GPHH; Voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel, IQ-associated

  17. XM_017600060.3 → XP_017455549.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X7

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  18. XM_017600062.3 → XP_017455551.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X9

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    F1LNB7
    Related
    ENSRNOP00000109354.1, ENSRNOT00000151686.1

  19. XM_017600056.3 → XP_017455545.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X2

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PTK1

  20. XM_017600066.3 → XP_017455555.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X17

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q91WX9

  21. XM_063275279.1 → XP_063131349.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X21

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6KG45

  22. XM_063275277.1 → XP_063131347.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X19

  23. XM_063275278.1 → XP_063131348.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X20

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    A6KG44

  24. XM_063275276.1 → XP_063131346.1  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X18

Suppressed Reference Sequence(s)

The following Reference Sequences have been suppressed. Explain

  1. NM_017298.1: Suppressed sequence

    Description
    NM_017298.1: This RefSeq was removed because currently there is insufficient support for the transcript and the protein.
Nucleotide Protein Strain
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P27732.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P27732

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
Molecular Biology Databases
Research Materials
Tools