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GINS2 GINS complex subunit 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 51659, updated on 2-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
GINS2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
GINS complex subunit 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:24575
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000131153 MIM:610609; AllianceGenome:HGNC:24575
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
VALIDATED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PSF2; Pfs2; HSPC037
Summary
The yeast heterotetrameric GINS complex is made up of Sld5 (GINS4; MIM 610611), Psf1 (GINS1; MIM 610608), Psf2, and Psf3 (GINS3; MIM 610610). The formation of this complex is essential for the initiation of DNA replication in yeast and Xenopus egg extracts (Ueno et al., 2005 [PubMed 16287864]). See GINS1 for additional information about the GINS complex.[supplied by OMIM, Mar 2008]
Expression
Broad expression in bone marrow (RPKM 11.1), lymph node (RPKM 10.1) and 20 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See GINS2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
16q24.1
Exon count:
5
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 16 NC_000016.10 (85676198..85688954, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 16 NC_060940.1 (91741711..91754467, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 16 NC_000016.9 (85709804..85722560, complement)

Chromosome 16 - NC_000016.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene Gse1 coiled-coil protein Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903739 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85558458-85559072 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85557842-85558457 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85559689-85560304 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85575513-85576422 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85578183-85579016 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85580527-85581027 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85583771-85584359 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85584360-85584947 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7807 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7808 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85588705-85589205 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11272 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7809 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85590477-85591335 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:85592721-85592911 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11273 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11274 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85598712-85599441 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:85601775-85601970 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85600901-85601628 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11275 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11276 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11277 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85610162-85610728 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85611294-85611859 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85613556-85614120 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85616579-85617188 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85617801-85618411 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85618412-85619022 Neighboring gene OCT4-NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85617189-85617800 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85619023-85619633 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85621594-85622550 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85623933-85624848 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85632946-85633646 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85634349-85635068 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85635069-85635787 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85635788-85636506 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85638229-85638872 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85644485-85645006 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7810 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7812 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11280 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85645007-85645528 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7813 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7814 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7815 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85647861-85648712 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11281 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85652369-85653040 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85653041-85653712 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85658570-85659078 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85659079-85659586 Neighboring gene NANOG-H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85660095-85660601 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85660691-85661510 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85661511-85662329 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85665311-85666088 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85668961-85669914 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85672914-85673448 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85673449-85673981 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85685005-85685906 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:85704698-85704871 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 381, pseudogene Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85721369-85721902 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7817 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85722953-85723454 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124903740 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 7818 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85729233-85729805 Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr16:85735359-85735574 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85738821-85739513 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85743177-85743746 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr16:85762391-85763258 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 11282 Neighboring gene chromosome 16 open reading frame 74 Neighboring gene microRNA 1910

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. High GINS2 transcript level predicts poor prognosis and correlates with high histological grade and endocrine therapy resistance through mammary cancer stem cells in breast cancer patients. Zheng M, et al. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 2014 Nov. PMID 25348432
  2. Loss of GINS2 inhibits cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in human gliomas. Shen YL, et al. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2019 Feb. PMID 30338650, Free PMC Article
  3. GINS2 facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer through modulating PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling. Liu X, et al. J Cell Physiol, 2020 Nov. PMID 31681988
  4. Knockdown of GINS2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the p53/GADD45A pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer. Chi F, et al. Biosci Rep, 2020 Apr 30. PMID 32181475, Free PMC Article
  5. GINS2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and promotes tumor progression in early-stage cervical cancer. Ouyang F, et al. Oncol Rep, 2017 May. PMID 28405687, Free PMC Article

See all (60) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. GINS2 promotes the progression of human HNSCC by altering RRM2 expression.
    Title: GINS2 promotes the progression of human HNSCC by altering RRM2 expression.
  2. Combined analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of GINS family genes in human sarcoma.
    Title: Combined analysis of expression, prognosis and immune infiltration of GINS family genes in human sarcoma.
  3. Biallelic GINS2 variant p.(Arg114Leu) causes Meier-Gorlin syndrome with craniosynostosis.
    Title: Biallelic GINS2 variant p.(Arg114Leu) causes Meier-Gorlin syndrome with craniosynostosis.
  4. GINS2 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells through PTP4A1.
    Title: GINS2 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of colon cancer cells through PTP4A1.
  5. GINS Complex Subunit 2 Facilitates Gastric Adenocarcinoma Proliferation and Indicates Poor Prognosis.
    Title: GINS Complex Subunit 2 Facilitates Gastric Adenocarcinoma Proliferation and Indicates Poor Prognosis.
  6. MicroRNA miR-502-5p inhibits ovarian cancer genesis by downregulation of GINS complex subunit 2.
    Title: MicroRNA miR-502-5p inhibits ovarian cancer genesis by downregulation of GINS complex subunit 2.
  7. GINS2 was regulated by lncRNA XIST/miR-23a-3p to mediate proliferation and apoptosis in A375 cells.
    Title: GINS2 was regulated by lncRNA XIST/miR-23a-3p to mediate proliferation and apoptosis in A375 cells.
  8. GINS2 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway.
    Title: GINS2 affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in thyroid cancer via regulating MAPK signaling pathway.
  9. Knockdown of GINS2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the p53/GADD45A pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer.
    Title: Knockdown of GINS2 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis through the p53/GADD45A pathway in non-small-cell lung cancer.
  10. GINS2 facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer through modulating PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling.
    Title: GINS2 facilitates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in non-small-cell lung cancer through modulating PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signaling.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (22)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in double-strand break repair via break-induced replication IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
part_of CMG complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
part_of CMG complex ISS
Inferred from Sequence or Structural Similarity
more info
  
part_of GINS complex IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
part_of GINS complex IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleoplasm TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in nucleus IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
 PubMed 
located_in nucleus NAS
Non-traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 

General protein information

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Preferred Names
DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2
Names
GINS complex subunit 2 (Psf2 homolog)

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_016095.3 → NP_057179.1  DNA replication complex GINS protein PSF2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_057179.1

    Status: VALIDATED

    Source sequence(s)
    AC123908, AF201939, BC010164
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS10953.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    D3DUM5, Q6IAG9, Q9Y248
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53G08
    Related
    ENSP00000253462.3, ENST00000253462.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    cd11712
    Location:55 → 174
    GINS_A_psf2; Alpha-helical domain of GINS complex protein Psf2 (partner of Sld5 2)
    cd21694
    Location:2 → 63
    GINS_B_Psf2; beta-strand (B) domain of GINS complex protein Psf2

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000016.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    85676198..85688954 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060940.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    91741711..91754467 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
Q9Y248.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:Q9Y248

Gene LinkOut

The following LinkOut resources are supplied by external providers. These providers are responsible for maintaining the links.

Chemical Information
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