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PGF placental growth factor [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5228, updated on 17-Mar-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PGFprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
placental growth factorprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:8893
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000119630 MIM:601121; AllianceGenome:HGNC:8893
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PGFL; PIGF; PLGF; PlGF-2; D12S1900; SHGC-10760
Summary
Enables growth factor activity. Involved in positive regulation of cell population proliferation. Predicted to be located in extracellular region. Predicted to be active in extracellular space. Implicated in several diseases, including brain ischemia; diabetic neuropathy; glioblastoma; myocardial infarction; and pancreatic endocrine carcinoma. Biomarker of several diseases, including artery disease (multiple); autoimmune disease of musculoskeletal system (multiple); epilepsy (multiple); limited scleroderma; and pancreatic endocrine carcinoma. [provided by Alliance of Genome Resources, Apr 2022]
Annotation information
Note: PGF (Gene ID: 5228) and PIGF (Gene ID: 5281) share the PIGF symbol/alias in common. PIGF is a widely used alternative gene symbol for placental growth factor (PGF), which can be confused with the official symbol for phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis class F (PIGF). [06 Jul 2018]
Expression
Biased expression in placenta (RPKM 36.3), thyroid (RPKM 24.1) and 13 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PGF in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
14q24.3
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 14 NC_000014.9 (74941830..74955764, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 14 NC_060938.1 (69150944..69164879, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 14 NC_000014.8 (75408533..75422467, complement)

Chromosome 14 - NC_000014.9Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ReSE screen-validated silencer GRCh37_chr14:75348551-75348777 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8732 Neighboring gene HNF4 motif-containing MPRA enhancer 140 Neighboring gene dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase Neighboring gene ribosomal protein S6 kinase like 1 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75388716-75389487 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75389488-75390258 Neighboring gene H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75401143-75401710 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC107984690 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5936 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5937 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 5938 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8733 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75431938-75433137 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75446625-75447250 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75447251-75447876 Neighboring gene H3K27ac-H3K4me1 hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75447877-75448500 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 8734 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr14:75469302-75469982 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B subunit beta Neighboring gene RNA, U6 small nuclear 689, pseudogene Neighboring gene mutL homolog 3

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Analysis of serum placental growth factor levels in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria: a worthwhile screening tool? Oluwole AA, et al. J Obstet Gynaecol, 2022 Aug. PMID 35603727, Free PMC Article
  2. The Role of Placental Growth Factor in the Prediction of Carbohydrate and Thyroid Disorders during Pregnancy. Yanachkova V, et al. Medicina (Kaunas), 2022 Feb 3. PMID 35208556, Free PMC Article
  3. Implementing placental-growth-factor (PLGF) measurements in suspected pre-eclampsia----Challenges in clinical practice. Wojcik M, et al. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2021 Nov. PMID 34653921
  4. Placental growth factor is negatively regulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. Whigham CA, et al. Placenta, 2021 Oct. PMID 34418751
  5. Genetics of PlGF plasma levels highlights a role of its receptors and supports the link between angiogenesis and immunity. Ruggiero D, et al. Sci Rep, 2021 Aug 19. PMID 34413389, Free PMC Article

See all (418) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Expression of placental growth factor, neuropilin-1, and neuropilin-2 in primary pterygium tissue.
    Title: Expression of placental growth factor, neuropilin-1, and neuropilin-2 in primary pterygium tissue.
  2. Serum Placental Growth Factor as a Marker of Cerebrovascular Disease Burden in Alzheimer's Disease.
    Title: Serum Placental Growth Factor as a Marker of Cerebrovascular Disease Burden in Alzheimer's Disease.
  3. Assessment of serum levels and placental bed tissue expression of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in patients with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.
    Title: Assessment of serum levels and placental bed tissue expression of IGF-1, bFGF, and PLGF in patients with placenta previa complicated with placenta accreta spectrum disorders.
  4. Predictive value of maternal serum placental growth factor levels for discordant fetal growth in twins: a retrospective cohort study.
    Title: Predictive value of maternal serum placental growth factor levels for discordant fetal growth in twins: a retrospective cohort study.
  5. Serum placental growth factor, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for prediction of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
    Title: Serum placental growth factor, total cholesterol, and triglycerides for prediction of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.
  6. The cytokine trio - visfatin, placental growth factor and fractalkine - and their role in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).
    Title: The cytokine trio - visfatin, placental growth factor and fractalkine - and their role in myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA).
  7. Causal association between placental growth factor and coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
    Title: Causal association between placental growth factor and coronary heart disease: a Mendelian randomization study.
  8. Maternal PlGF and umbilical Dopplers predict pregnancy outcomes at diagnosis of early-onset fetal growth restriction.
    Title: Maternal PlGF and umbilical Dopplers predict pregnancy outcomes at diagnosis of early-onset fetal growth restriction.
  9. Accuracy of placental growth factor alone or in combination with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 or maternal factors in detecting preeclampsia in asymptomatic women in the second and third trimesters: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
    Title: Accuracy of placental growth factor alone or in combination with soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 or maternal factors in detecting preeclampsia in asymptomatic women in the second and third trimesters: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
  10. sFLT1, PlGF, the sFLT1/PlGF Ratio and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia in Twin Pregnancies-A Review of the Literature.
    Title: sFLT1, PlGF, the sFLT1/PlGF Ratio and Their Association with Pre-Eclampsia in Twin Pregnancies-A Review of the Literature.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (391)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables chemoattractant activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables growth factor activity IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
enables heparin binding IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in cell differentiation IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in cell-cell signaling TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in induction of positive chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive chemotaxis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of angiogenesis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell division IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of cell population proliferation IMP
Inferred from Mutant Phenotype
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in positive regulation of protein phosphorylation IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in response to hypoxia IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in signal transduction TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in sprouting angiogenesis IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in extracellular region TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
is_active_in extracellular space IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
located_in membrane IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
placenta growth factor
Names
placental growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor-related protein

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

Genomic

  1. NG_029168.1 RefSeqGene

    Range
    5168..18931
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001207012.1 → NP_001193941.1  placenta growth factor isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_001193941.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) lacks an alternate in-frame exon in the 3' coding region relative to variant 1. It encodes the shortest isoform (2, also known as PlGF-1 or PLGF-1), which lacks a 21 amino acid heparin binding domain found in variant 1 (PMID:8148155).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC006530, BX248289, BX356823, X54936
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS55932.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P49763
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q86TW6
    Related
    ENSP00000451413.1, ENST00000553716.5
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PHA02661
    Location:4 → 134
    PHA02661; vascular endothelial growth factor like protein; Provisional
    smart00141
    Location:50 → 132
    PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

  2. NM_001293643.1 → NP_001280572.1  placenta growth factor isoform 3 precursor

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) has an alternate splice site in the 5' coding region, compared to variant 1. The resulting isoform (3) lacks an internal aa, compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC006530, AL543693, BX248289
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS73664.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    G3XA84
    Related
    ENSP00000238607.6, ENST00000238607.10
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PHA02661
    Location:4 → 133
    PHA02661; vascular endothelial growth factor like protein; Provisional
    smart00141
    Location:49 → 131
    PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

  3. NM_002632.6 → NP_002623.2  placenta growth factor isoform 1 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_002623.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1 (also known as PlGF-2, PLGF-2 or PGF-2) and contains a 21 amino acid region that is thought to bind heparin (PMID:8148155).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC006530
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS9835.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    Q53XY6
    Related
    ENSP00000451040.1, ENST00000555567.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    PHA02661
    Location:4 → 134
    PHA02661; vascular endothelial growth factor like protein; Provisional
    smart00141
    Location:50 → 132
    PDGF; Platelet-derived and vascular endothelial growth factors (PDGF, VEGF) family

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000014.9 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    74941830..74955764 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_047431476.1 → XP_047287432.1  placenta growth factor isoform X1

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060938.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    69150944..69164879 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054376219.1 → XP_054232194.1  placenta growth factor isoform X1

Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P49763.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P49763

Gene LinkOut

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