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PPP1R2 protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5504, updated on 3-Nov-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PPP1R2provided by HGNC
Official Full Name
protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 2provided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9288
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000184203 MIM:601792; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9288
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
IPP2; IPP-2; PPP1R2A
Summary
Protein phosphatase-1 (PP1) is one of the main eukaryotic serine/threonine phosphatases. The protein encoded by this gene binds to the catalytic subunit of PP1, strongly inhibiting its activity. Ten related pseudogenes have been found throughout the human genome. Several splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2015]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in bone marrow (RPKM 27.3), testis (RPKM 22.2) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PPP1R2 in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
3q29
Exon count:
7
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2024_08 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 3 NC_000003.12 (195514428..195543325, complement)
RS_2024_08 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 3 NC_060927.1 (198221391..198250329, complement)
RS_2024_09 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 3 NC_000003.11 (195241224..195270148, complement)

Chromosome 3 - NC_000003.12Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene ArfGAP with coiled-coil, ankyrin repeat and PH domains 2 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L31 pseudogene 22 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21054 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195154512-195155012 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21055 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15036 Neighboring gene H3K27ac hESC enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195163293-195163792 Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124906341 Neighboring gene BRD4-independent group 4 enhancer GRCh37_chr3:195190192-195191391 Neighboring gene MPRA-validated peak4984 silencer Neighboring gene RNA, U6atac small nuclear 24, pseudogene Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21056 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21057 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15039 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 21058 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 15040 Neighboring gene RNA, 7SL, cytoplasmic 73, pseudogene Neighboring gene RPL24 pseudogene 6

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Genetic analysis of human type 1 protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 in insulin-resistant Pima Indians. Permana PA, et al. Genomics, 1997 Apr 1. PMID 9126490
  2. Multisite phosphorylation and the nuclear localization of phosphatase inhibitor 2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein during S phase of the cell growth cycle. Kakinoki Y, et al. J Biol Chem, 1997 Dec 19. PMID 9405437
  3. Phosphatase inhibitor 2 promotes acetylation of tubulin in the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells. Wang W, et al. BMC Cell Biol, 2008 Nov 26. PMID 19036150, Free PMC Article
  4. Phosphorylation of phosphatase inhibitor-2 at centrosomes during mitosis. Leach C, et al. J Biol Chem, 2003 Jul 11. PMID 12697755
  5. Inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 by inhibitor-2 gene delivery ameliorates heart failure progression in genetic cardiomyopathy. Yamada M, et al. FASEB J, 2006 Jun. PMID 16627625

See all (70) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. The PP1 regulator PPP1R2 coordinately regulates AURKA and PP1 to control centrosome phosphorylation and maintain central spindle architecture.
    Title: The PP1 regulator PPP1R2 coordinately regulates AURKA and PP1 to control centrosome phosphorylation and maintain central spindle architecture.
  2. The results show that contrary to initial observations PPP1R2-related pseudogenes are not simple bystanders of the evolutionary process but may rather be at the origin of genes with novel functions.
    Title: Not so pseudo: the evolutionary history of protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 2 and related pseudogenes.
  3. The potential phosphosites in PPP1R2 are substituted by non-phosphorylable residues, T73P and S87R, in PPP1R2P3.
    Title: Identification and characterization of two distinct PPP1R2 isoforms in human spermatozoa.
  4. Pin1 and phosphatase inhibitor-2 are conserved among eukaryotes from yeast to humans and make an ancient partnership that provides a means for regulating Pin1 specificity and function.
    Title: Molecular basis for an ancient partnership between prolyl isomerase Pin1 and phosphatase inhibitor-2.
  5. Results suggest that phosphatase inhibitor 2 localizes to the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells where it affects both Ser/Thr phosphorylation and is required for full tubulin acetylation.
    Title: Phosphatase inhibitor 2 promotes acetylation of tubulin in the primary cilium of human retinal epithelial cells.
  6. Conserved together throughout eukaryotic evolution, I-2, PP1 and Aurora B function interdependently during mitosis.
    Title: Phosphatase inhibitor-2 balances protein phosphatase 1 and aurora B kinase for chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in human retinal epithelial cells.
  7. These results indicate that the protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation induced by KCl and that GSK3 activity regulates SERCA2 levels.
    Title: The protein phosphatase-1/inhibitor-2 complex differentially regulates GSK3 dephosphorylation and increases sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 levels.
  8. first demonstration that glycogen synthase kinase-3beta associates with PP1C/I-2 complex and phosphorylates I-2 at T72 in intact cells
    Title: Regulation of type 1 protein phosphatase/inhibitor-2 complex by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in intact cells.
  9. PP1C and Inh2 bind to KPI2 to form a regulatory complex that is localized to membranes
    Title: A novel transmembrane Ser/Thr kinase complexes with protein phosphatase-1 and inhibitor-2.
  10. Inh2 can enhance the kinase activity of the Nek2.PP1C complex via inhibition of phosphatase activity to initiate centrosome separation
    Title: Inhibitor-2 regulates protein phosphatase-1 complexed with NimA-related kinase to induce centrosome separation.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (11)

Phenotypes

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Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC87148

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables molecular function inhibitor activity EXP
Inferred from Experiment
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables protein phosphatase inhibitor activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor activity TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in generation of precursor metabolites and energy TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
 PubMed 
involved_in glycogen metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in intracellular signal transduction IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of signal transduction IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
protein phosphatase inhibitor 2
Names
phosphoprotein phosphatase
NP_001278433.1
NP_001278434.1
NP_001303254.1
NP_006232.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001291504.2 → NP_001278433.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes the longest isoform (1).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EMN6
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04979
    Location:45 → 164
    IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

  2. NM_001291505.2 → NP_001278434.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) lacks an alternate in-frame exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069213
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EMN6
    Related
    ENSP00000400238.1, ENST00000438848.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04979
    Location:45 → 137
    IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

  3. NM_001316325.2 → NP_001303254.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 4

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (4) contains an alternate exon and uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (4) has a shorter and distinct N-terminus compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069213, BC007655, BI560631
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P41236
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04979
    Location:52 → 143
    IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

  4. NM_006241.8 → NP_006232.1  protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 isoform 2

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_006232.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) uses an alternate in-frame splice site, compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is shorter than isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA259068, AC069213, BC007655
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS3309.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    P41236
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E7EMN6
    Related
    ENSP00000484580.1, ENST00000618156.5
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    pfam04979
    Location:45 → 164
    IPP-2; Protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 (IPP-2)

RNA

  1. NR_133014.2 RNA Sequence

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (5) lacks an alternate exon compared to variant 1. This variant is represented as non-coding because the use of the 5'-most expected translational start codon renders the transcript a candidate for nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD).
    Source sequence(s)
    AC069213, BC007655, BI549862

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2024_08

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000003.12 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    195514428..195543325 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060927.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    198221391..198250329 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P41236.2 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P41236

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