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PRCP prolylcarboxypeptidase [ Homo sapiens (human) ]

Gene ID: 5547, updated on 3-Apr-2024

Summary

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Official Symbol
PRCPprovided by HGNC
Official Full Name
prolylcarboxypeptidaseprovided by HGNC
Primary source
HGNC:HGNC:9344
See related
Ensembl:ENSG00000137509 MIM:176785; AllianceGenome:HGNC:9344
Gene type
protein coding
RefSeq status
REVIEWED
Organism
Homo sapiens
Lineage
Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo
Also known as
PCP; HUMPCP
Summary
This gene encodes a member of the peptidase S28 family of serine exopeptidases. The encoded preproprotein is proteolytically processed to generate the mature lysosomal prolylcarboxypeptidase. This enzyme cleaves C-terminal amino acids linked to proline in peptides such as angiotension II, III and des-Arg9-bradykinin. The cleavage occurs at acidic pH, but the enzyme activity is retained with some substrates at neutral pH. This enzyme has been shown to be an activator of the cell matrix-associated prekallikrein. The importance of angiotension II, one of the substrates of this enzyme, in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte balance suggests that this gene may be related to essential hypertension. A pseudogene of this gene has been identified on chromosome 2. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants, at least one of which encodes an isoform that is proteolytically processed. [provided by RefSeq, Jan 2016]
Expression
Ubiquitous expression in placenta (RPKM 42.6), urinary bladder (RPKM 37.6) and 25 other tissues See more
Orthologs
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Genomic context

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See PRCP in Genome Data Viewer
Location:
11q14.1
Exon count:
11
Annotation release Status Assembly Chr Location
RS_2023_10 current GRCh38.p14 (GCF_000001405.40) 11 NC_000011.10 (82822936..82901644, complement)
RS_2023_10 current T2T-CHM13v2.0 (GCF_009914755.1) 11 NC_060935.1 (82759396..82838151, complement)
105.20220307 previous assembly GRCh37.p13 (GCF_000001405.25) 11 NC_000011.9 (82533978..82612686, complement)

Chromosome 11 - NC_000011.10Genomic Context describing neighboring genes Neighboring gene family with sequence similarity 181 member B Neighboring gene long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 2734 Neighboring gene RBMX pseudogene 3 Neighboring gene small nucleolar RNA U13 Neighboring gene eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 2 beta pseudogene 6 Neighboring gene CDK7 strongly-dependent group 2 enhancer GRCh37_chr11:82569102-82570301 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5332 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5334 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5335 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid active region 5333 Neighboring gene MIR3 retrotransposon enhancer-blocking element Neighboring gene uncharacterized LOC124902602 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3816 Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3817 Neighboring gene DNA damage induced apoptosis suppressor Neighboring gene ATAC-STARR-seq lymphoblastoid silent region 3818 Neighboring gene ribosomal protein L7a pseudogene 54

Genomic regions, transcripts, and products

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Go to nucleotide: Graphics FASTA GenBank

Expression

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  • Project title: HPA RNA-seq normal tissues
  • Description: RNA-seq was performed of tissue samples from 95 human individuals representing 27 different tissues in order to determine tissue-specificity of all protein-coding genes
  • BioProject: PRJEB4337
  • Publication: PMID 24309898
  • Analysis date: Wed Apr 4 07:08:55 2018

Bibliography

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Related articles in PubMed

  1. Haplotype-based association study between PRCP gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in Hani minority group from a remote region of China. Wu Y, et al. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2020 Oct-Dec. PMID 33319614, Free PMC Article
  2. Genetic association study of prolylcarboxypeptidase polymorphisms with susceptibility to essential hypertension in the Yi minority of China: A case-control study based on an isolated population. Wu Y, et al. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst, 2020 Apr-Jun. PMID 32448049, Free PMC Article
  3. Prolyl carboxypeptidase activity decline correlates with severity and short-term outcome in acute ischemic stroke. Kehoe K, et al. Neurochem Res, 2015 Jan. PMID 25370794
  4. Prolylcarboxypeptidase regulates proliferation, autophagy, and resistance to 4-hydroxytamoxifen-induced cytotoxicity in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cells. Duan L, et al. J Biol Chem, 2011 Jan 28. PMID 21087932, Free PMC Article
  5. Expression, purification and crystallization of human prolylcarboxypeptidase. Abeywickrema PD, et al. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 2010 Jun 1. PMID 20516604, Free PMC Article

See all (59) citations in PubMed

GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions

What's a GeneRIF?
  1. Haplotype-based association study between PRCP gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in Hani minority group from a remote region of China.
    Title: Haplotype-based association study between PRCP gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension in Hani minority group from a remote region of China.
  2. Genetic association study of prolylcarboxypeptidase polymorphisms with susceptibility to essential hypertension in the Yi minority of China: A case-control study based on an isolated population.
    Title: Genetic association study of prolylcarboxypeptidase polymorphisms with susceptibility to essential hypertension in the Yi minority of China: A case-control study based on an isolated population.
  3. Fast oxidation of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and derived peptides under laboratory conditions causes irreproducible results-Insights from studies of prolylcarboxypeptidase in human cell types.
    Title: Fast oxidation of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and derived peptides under laboratory conditions causes irreproducible results-Insights from studies of prolylcarboxypeptidase in human cell types.
  4. Using multiple -omics approach, study validated key molecules, such as CAP1, SHC1 and PRCP, that might play a significant role in IgA nephropathy pathogenesis.
    Title: Identification of novel molecular signatures of IgA nephropathy through an integrative -omics analysis.
  5. For the first time, PRCP is identified as an apelin-cleaving enzyme.
    Title: Prolyl carboxypeptidase purified from human placenta: its characterization and identification as an apelin-cleaving enzyme.
  6. The decrease in PRCP levels in the first 24 h after stroke onset is associated with stroke severity and an unfavourable short-term stroke outcome
    Title: Prolyl carboxypeptidase activity decline correlates with severity and short-term outcome in acute ischemic stroke.
  7. PRCP1 interacts with plasma kallikrein (PK) at multiple sites for PK activation.
    Title: Prolylcarboxypeptidase independently activates plasma prekallikrein (fletcher factor).
  8. The present results indicated PRCP rs7104980 can be considered as a marker for EH and Hap3 GAGCACTAACA (PRCP) and Hap16 TTTA (CMA1) might be associated with essential hypertension in Chinese Han population.
    Title: Association of polymorphisms in prolylcarboxypeptidase and chymase genes with essential hypertension in the Chinese Han population.
  9. PRCP regulates cell growth, angiogenesis, and the response to vascular injury
    Title: Prolylcarboxypeptidase promotes angiogenesis and vascular repair.
  10. analysis of non-benzimidazole and brain-penetrant prolylcarboxypeptidase inhibitors
    Title: The discovery of non-benzimidazole and brain-penetrant prolylcarboxypeptidase inhibitors.
Submit: New GeneRIF Correction See all GeneRIFs (25)

Phenotypes

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Find tests for this gene in the NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR)

Review eQTL and phenotype association data in this region using PheGenI

Variation

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See variants in ClinVar

See studies and variants in dbVar

See Variation Viewer (GRCh37.p13)

See Variation Viewer (GRCh38)

Genotypes

Pathways from PubChem

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Interactions

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Products Interactant Other Gene Complex Source Pubs Description

General gene information

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Markers

Homology

Clone Names

  • MGC2202

Gene Ontology Provided by GOA

Function Evidence Code Pubs
enables dipeptidyl-peptidase activity IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
enables protein binding IPI
Inferred from Physical Interaction
more info
 PubMed 
enables serine-type carboxypeptidase activity IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Process Evidence Code Pubs
involved_in angiogenesis involved in wound healing IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in energy homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in glucose homeostasis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in plasma kallikrein-kinin cascade IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in proteolysis IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration IBA
Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor
more info
  
involved_in regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
involved_in regulation of thyroid hormone mediated signaling pathway IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
Component Evidence Code Pubs
located_in azurophil granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in basal part of cell IEA
Inferred from Electronic Annotation
more info
  
located_in extracellular exosome HDA PubMed 
located_in ficolin-1-rich granule membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  
located_in intracellular membrane-bounded organelle IDA
Inferred from Direct Assay
more info
  
located_in plasma membrane TAS
Traceable Author Statement
more info
  

General protein information

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Preferred Names
lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase
Names
angiotensinase C
lysosomal carboxypeptidase C
proline carboxypeptidase
NP_001306143.1
NP_005031.1
NP_955450.2
XP_005274150.1
XP_054225298.1

NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq)

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RefSeqs maintained independently of Annotated Genomes

These reference sequences exist independently of genome builds. Explain

These reference sequences are curated independently of the genome annotation cycle, so their versions may not match the RefSeq versions in the current genome build. Identify version mismatches by comparing the version of the RefSeq in this section to the one reported in Genomic regions, transcripts, and products above.

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. NM_001319214.2 → NP_001306143.1  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform 3

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (3) differs in the the 5' UTR, lacks a portion of the 5' coding region and initiates translation at a downstream start codon compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (3) has a shorter N-terminus and lacks a predicted signal peptide compared to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA477618, AK302386, AP001646, AW627417, BC001500, BE154586, CB154314
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS91553.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7Z7Q6, E9PIG4, E9PNF7, E9PR42
    Related
    ENSP00000436095.2, ENST00000534264.2
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:1 → 372
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  2. NM_005040.4 → NP_005031.1  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform 1 preproprotein

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_005031.1

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (1) encodes isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA477618, AP001646, AW627417, BC001500, BE154586, BI827978, CB154314
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS8262.1
    UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
    A8MU24, B2R7B7, B3KRK5, B5BU34, P42785
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PNF7
    Related
    ENSP00000317362.3, ENST00000313010.8
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0596
    Location:104 → 214
    MhpC; Pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester carboxylesterase [Coenzyme transport and metabolism, General function prediction only]
    cl21494
    Location:55 → 477
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

  3. NM_199418.4 → NP_955450.2  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform 2 precursor

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for NP_955450.2

    Status: REVIEWED

    Description
    Transcript Variant: This variant (2) includes an alternate in-frame exon in the 5' coding region compared to variant 1. The encoded isoform (2) is longer than isoform 1. This isoform (2) may undergo proteolytic processing similar to isoform 1.
    Source sequence(s)
    AA477618, AK091786, AP001646, AW627417, BC001500, BE154586, CB154314
    Consensus CDS
    CCDS41695.1
    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    E9PNF7
    Related
    ENSP00000377055.2, ENST00000393399.6
    Conserved Domains (2) summary
    COG0596
    Location:125 → 235
    MhpC; Pimeloyl-ACP methyl ester carboxylesterase [Coenzyme transport and metabolism, General function prediction only]
    cl21494
    Location:78 → 498
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

RefSeqs of Annotated Genomes: GCF_000001405.40-RS_2023_10

The following sections contain reference sequences that belong to a specific genome build. Explain

Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

Genomic

  1. NC_000011.10 Reference GRCh38.p14 Primary Assembly

    Range
    82822936..82901644 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_005274093.2 → XP_005274150.1  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform X1

    See identical proteins and their annotated locations for XP_005274150.1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7Z7Q6, E9PIG4, E9PNF7, E9PR42
    Related
    ENSP00000505064.1, ENST00000680566.1
    Conserved Domains (1) summary
    cl21494
    Location:1 → 372
    Abhydrolase; alpha/beta hydrolases

Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

Genomic

  1. NC_060935.1 Alternate T2T-CHM13v2.0

    Range
    82759396..82838151 complement
    Download
    GenBank, FASTA, Sequence Viewer (Graphics)

mRNA and Protein(s)

  1. XM_054369323.1 → XP_054225298.1  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform X1

    UniProtKB/TrEMBL
    B7Z7Q6, E9PIG4, E9PR42
Nucleotide Protein
Heading Accession and Version
Protein Accession Links
GenPept Link UniProtKB Link
P42785.1 GenPept UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P42785

Gene LinkOut

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